THE SHOW MUST GO on Environmental Impact Report for the UK Festival and Outdoor Events Industry UK MUSIC CAMPING FESTIVAL in NUMBERS

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2020 Update THE SHOW MUST GO ON Environmental impact report for the UK festival and outdoor events industry UK MUSIC CAMPING FESTIVAL IN NUMBERS

4.9m 28% UK music festival of festivals have a goers annually speciﬁc budget for environmental Requiring sustainability 0.5L 7m Diesel used per Litres of fuel used by the UK 68% of festivals have a person per day to... Equating festival industry annually sustainability coordinator or someone responsible for sustainability in As well as consuming... the team 184.5m Litres of water 100+ festivals and events have signed up to and creating... Festival Vision: 2025

25,800 BENCHMARKS FROM Tonnes of waste annually JULIE’S BICYCLE

And generating... 24,261 1.9kg

Tonnes CO e per year That’s... 2 CO2e per person per day

2 CONTENTS

UK FESTIVAL IMPACTS 2 BY NUMBERS TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 FOREWORD 7 INTRODUCTION 8 WHAT THE SCIENCE IS SAYING 11 AN OVERVIEW OF THE 14 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF UK FESTIVALS

THE STATE OF PLAY IN THE 18 UK FESTIVAL INDUSTRY 2020

IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS:

ENERGY 24 RESOURCE USE & WASTE 40 FOOD 62 WATER 74 TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT 82 GOVERNANCE 100

DRIVERS OF CHANGE 110 VISION 114 SUMMARY OF 118 RECOMMENDATIONS KEY RESOURCES 124

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report has been led by festival industry steering group Powerful Thinking:

Lead authors: Chiara Badiali (Knowledge and Sector Intelligence Lead, Julie’s Bicycle) and Chris Johnson (Co-founder, Shambala Festival & Chair, Powerful Thinking)

CONTRIBUTING CHAPTER AUTHORS:

• Energy: Tim Benson, Founder, SMART Power & Energy Consultant, ZAP Concepts • Resource use and waste: Amanda Campbell, Sustainability Consultant, Comp-A-Tent • Water: Steve Taylor, Managing Director, Ideeas Ltd • Travel and transport: Liz Warwick, Sustainability Consultant, Lansdowne Warwick & Trustee, Energy Revolution • Governance: Chiara Badiali, Knowledge and Sector Intelligence Lead, Julie’s Bicycle • Food: Chiara Badiali, Knowledge and Sector Intelligence Lead, Julie’s Bicycl SPECIAL THANKS

Vikki Chapman (Live Nation & Festival Republic), Steve Heap (Association of Festival Organisers) and Teresa Moore (A Greener Festival) for their useful comments and insights, Bethan Riach for writing the case studies and for proofing, and design from Steve and Pascoe at Plaster Creative Communications. BENCHMARKS

Benchmarks based on data collected and analysed by Julie’s Bicycle. We have also drawn on surveys undertaken by A Greener Festival, CGA and AIF on audience travel splits.

The Show Must Go On Report (2020) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. This means that: If the report or any contents is shared, it must be properly attributed by Title, Author and with a link to the original work and the license. The material may not be used for commercial purposes. The material may not be modified in anyway for re-distribution, without permission.

4 SUPPORTERS

This report and the accompanying online Knowledge Hub was made possible by the whole industry and supply chain coming together around a shared purpose, recognising that in the face of the climate crisis, we are stronger together. Huge thanks to everyone involved. GAMECHANGERS

CHAPTER SUPPORTERS

HEADLINER SUPPORTERS

SUPPORTERS

INDUSTRY PARTNERS Thanks also to Michael Baker and the UK Festival Awards for hosting the preview launch, and to the Showman’s Show for hosting the annual Festival Vision: 2025 conference. Also to everyone who helped to raise awareness about the campaign; Stage 3 Films and Enviral for their work supporting the Crowdfunder and launch, the Festival Elves Facebook group, media supporters Standout Magazine, Event Industry News and Festival Insights.

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2015, Powerful Thinking released The Show Must Go The sector has achieved up to 23% reduction in relative On: an industry response to the United Nations climate emissions per audience day* from energy, waste, and water, talks that gave rise to the Paris Agreement: an international mainly driven by diverting waste from landfill. Overall, total global agreement to keep global warming to well below 2ºC, music festival carbon emissions from energy, waste, and aspiring to 1.5ºC. water on-site have risen despite these gains, driven by a nearly 50% increase in audience numbers in the past 5 The original Show Must Go On report set out the Festival years. Vision: 2025, aiming to achieve a 50% reduction in outdoor event-related greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. But the ambition, momentum, and environmental literacy of the outdoor events community have flourished. The main Five years into the journey, more than 100 outdoor events driver for sustainability identified by event organisers is all across the UK have joined the Vision 2025. With the UK overwhelmingly the internal commitment of the company, hosting the international COP26 UN climate talks this year, staff, or festival team; followed by audience expectations as and the climate and ecological crisis taking a leap into a secondary driver. ‘Lack of expertise’ is no longer identified public consciousness, it was time to take stock of where we as one of the top three barriers to environmental action. are. This report renews our commitment to: • Two thirds of events now have a sustainability coordinator or someone responsible for environmental • Reduce reliance on fossil fuels and continue aiming to initiatives in their team reduce diesel consumption by 50% by 2025 compared with 2014 figures • 1 in 4 events have a dedicated sustainability budget • Reduce waste where possible, aiming for no • 1 in 3 events created a new public engagement biodegradable waste sent to landfill and achieving 50% campaign about the environment in 2019 recycling rates • 1 in 3 events introduced a new environmental policy • Work with audiences, suppliers, and artists to positively and/or action plan for their event in 2019 influence travel choices and reduce travel-related • More events overall are reporting and addressing their emissions carbon emissions • Measuring and reporting key impacts to measure • Environmental action is increasingly important to progress festivalgoers according to audience survey data • Speaking out to audiences and stakeholders and using The benchmarks for camping music festivals show a our creative voices to contribute to the public narrative reduction in waste per audience member per day from about positive change 2.8 kg in 2014 to 2 kg in 2019, driven by initiatives like The Vision 2025 community of outdoor events has created reusable cups and working with audiences to reduce the a shared community to share knowledge and expertise, amount of waste left behind in campsites. and galvanise commitment to act together towards shared

Energy now makes up 77% of a festival’s on-site CO2e aims. This report is another building block on this shared footprint, and waste 23%. There are still blind spots for data roadmap. on a range of impacts including more detailed audience Please consider joining at www.vision2025.org.uk travel data, artist and contractor travel, and material/ resource use and food, but examples of some individual events starting to collect and analyse this information.

6 * (per audience member per day on site) FOREWORD Since writing the Show Must Go On Report in 2015, the context for environmental sustainability has profoundly changed around us. Taking effective action on the climate crisis is now accepted as an urgent priority across society, in most parts of the events and music industry - and is increasingly expected by event audiences. We are seeing real shifts in practices at events, and there is significant and realistic scope for improvement. In 2017 I met Phillip, organiser of Ndau Festival of the Arts We can’t all be experts in environmental science, in Chipinge area, Zimbabwe. It struck me, in the way that behavioural psychology or green communications. But we the obvious sometimes hits you in a breath-taking way, that can, and are, beginning to work together as an industry, while event organisers like myself in the UK think about creating a strong ‘community of interest’, a shared increasingly erratic weather and the changes we may need knowledge base and a movement for change toward better to make to wet-weather infrastructure in future, people in environmental practices. the community where his event takes place are dying as a Vision:2025 has brought the festival industry together to result of climate change. They have experienced repeated co-fund comprehensive free-to-use resources for everyone and increasingly severe floods and drought, were badly in the industry to use. hit by Cyclone Idai. Ndau festival has become an essential part of meeting the challenges in Chipinge: bringing the Event organisers provide experiences that bring people community together, raising awareness about what is together, and everyone in the industry can help to provide going on around them, harnessing the power of the arts vital leadership for the most important challenge of our in communicating the tools and skills to cope and make time. essential changes. This report is a benchmark, a point of reflection, and a We must also act, in whatever way we can – acknowledging rallying call. The content is expanded in the Vision:2025 the climate crisis, even if the flooding is not at our door yet - online Knowledge Hub, a comprehensive, dynamic and making changes, inspiring others, and actively contributing trusted source of information about sustainability for events to a future in which everyone can thrive. In the words of and the music industry. Share your information, contribute Greta Thunberg, “this is not a drill”. case studies or help to fund us. Any way you can, take We all need robust information to make good decisions action now. about the environmental performance of our events and companies. There are issues to tackle which require evidence-based approaches and solutions. There are many new and innovative green products and services in the market that need to be assessed properly.

Chris Johnson

Co-founder and Chair, Powerful Thinking and Vision:2025 Industry Steering Group

BY TACKLING OUR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND SHOUTING ABOUT WHAT WE DO, WE CAN IGNITE THE CHANGE THAT IS NEEDED WITHIN THE INDUSTRY AND BEYOND.

Melvin Benn, Director of Live Nation Music UK and Managing Director, Festival Republic

7 INTRODUCTION Festivals and outdoor events are at the heart of today’s cultural landscape in the UK. They create vital microcosms outside the day-to-day where anything seems possible; where we come together, share experiences, exchange ideas, hear and see new music and art forms, and discover fresh ideas. From their roots in the countercultures of the 1960s to today, they remain key places where political, social and environmental issues can be explored. As events organisers, we have a unique opportunity State of Play: Festivals UK audience survey said they wanted to model the kind of world we want to see – from the to see reduced waste and increased eco-friendly measures infrastructure we put in place to deal with energy, waste, at festivals putting these concerns ahead of the desire for water, food, and transport provision in our mini-civilisations, more unique experiences, more photo opportunities, and a to the cultural codes, values, and behaviours we set ‘greater variety of events/activities’.1 Event organisers risk together with our audiences that can resonate long after missing this new public pulse at our peril. they return home. There will always be constraints – There is also a new political context. In June 2019, the legislative, physical, and cultural – but as a community, UK updated its legally binding targets under the Climate we pride ourselves on finding creative ways to overcome Change Act 2008, requiring the country to bring GHG obstacles. emissions to net zero by 2050 – with many calling for an We have the power to make profound changes to help earlier target still. mitigate the worst impacts of the climate crisis, if we Since 2015, the festival community has made its own shifts choose to embrace it. too. Practices and interventions that seemed pioneering five In 2015, the first Show Must Go On report was the years ago are now commonplace, while some that seemed foundation for a collective environmental vision from the impossible are now being experimented with on sites industry, based on common aspirations, which identified the across the country. practical mechanisms available to us to reduce our impacts The supply chain is starting to develop new services and and measure our success. technologies to meet the requirements of environmental It gave rise to Festival Vision: 2025 – a shared pledge to impact reduction. achieve a 50% reduction in festival-related GHG emissions Within the event workforce itself there has been a by 2025, and to speak out to audiences and about these measurable change in engagement and ambition. More vital issues. The pledge has now been sighed by over 100 events are hiring part-time or full-time sustainability UK festivals and events. coordinators. In the past five years, much has shifted. Alongside Festival Vision: 2025, the industry has created The Blue Planet II effect has pushed plastic pollution and more shared commitments to build on, including The our total dependence on a single-use plastic culture into the Association of Independent Festival’s (AIF) Drastic on public consciousness. Plastics campaign and Music Declares Emergency.

In 2018, scientists at the UN IPCC (Intergovernmental These are milestones to celebrate – and build on. But Panel on Climate Change) were louder than ever before in the speed and depth of transformation required by the their warnings about the rapidly disappearing window of science at this moment in history means we must do more. opportunity – 12 years or less – we have remaining to keep Emissions in the sector (and in the wider world) have still open a pathway to 1.5°C or less of global warming. not peaked, and instead continue to grow.. As individual festivals, we may feel that our individual business choices The Fridays for Future school strike movement inspired won’t make a difference – but the choices we make can help by Greta Thunberg has brought millions of young people shift those of our collective audiences: an awe-inspiring into the streets to fight for their future. Extinction Rebellion cultural force. has sparked a newly urgent public conversation, shifting the vocabulary we use to speak about the climate and It is a formidable task that is at once deeply ethical and ecological emergency. creative. We can be daunted by it or we can choose to embrace it, taking it on with the full power of our inspiring These movements are translating into far greater and relentless UK festival community. environmental concern and interest among audiences. Nearly two thirds of respondents to Ticketmaster’s 2019

1. State of Play: Festivals UK. Diving into what makes festivalgoers tick. Ticketmaster (2019). Based on a sample of 4,000 festival audience members.

8 Louise Roberts

9 1. IT’S WARMING 2. IT’S US 3. WE’RE SURE 4. IT’S BAD 5. WE CAN FIX IT Dr. Kimberly Nicholas, Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies.

10 WHAT THE SCIENCE IS SAYING... IT’S WARMING: We’ve already caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels.2 Temperatures over land have risen by nearly twice as much.3 IT’S US: Humans are responsible for all of modern global warming through our greenhouse gas emissions and other activities.4 The main drivers are burning fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes (like cement manufacture), agriculture, deforestation, and other land- use changes. WE’RE SURE: Really. 100% of scientists agree.5 IT’S BAD: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, resulting in a warming of the atmosphere and a destabilisation of our climate systems, rising sea levels, ocean acidification, desertification and an increasing risk of heatwaves, droughts, and other extreme weather – all of which have serious consequences for people and nature all over the world.

The climate crisis is here: millions of people all over the world are already affected: More extreme and longer-lasting drought, wildfires, flooding, heatwaves and storms are materialising across every continent.

WE CAN FIX IT We can’t take back the damage to our natural systems we’ve already caused, and we can’t undo the suffering and experiences of the many communities on the frontlines of our changing climate. But we can fix the way our world works so that we peak emissions, minimise future global warming, and thread climate justice into our actions.

2. Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. IPCC (2018).https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/ 3. Summary for Policymakers. Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC (2019) https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/ 4. Analysis: why scientists think 100% of global warming is due to humans. Carbon Brief (2017). https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-why-scientists-think-100-of-global-warming-is-due-to-humans 5. Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming. Powell, J. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society (2019). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0270467619886266 Emissions Gap Report 2019. UN Environment Programme (2019) https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2019

11 STATE OF THE CLIMATE

In 2015, governments reached an international agreement to keep global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and to; ‘pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.’ But the window to take action and limit warming to 1.5oC is This will require transformative, systemic shifts in the closing fast. way our society and economy works. We need to change everything. There is still a huge gap between the emissions reductions policies that countries have committed to, and what is Alongside the climate crisis, we are also in the middle required. of an unfolding ecological crisis: according to the UN IPBES, around a million species already face extinction, Despite the international agreement now in place, despite and the rate of change in nature in the past 50 years is decades of warnings, and despite the mounting stories of ‘unprecedented’ in human history. climate change impacts on society from every corner of the globe, emissions are still rising. The narrative of this report is based on GHG emissions due to their central role in climate change. However, we Every year that global emissions continue to grow means recognise that the environmental impacts of our industry that more radical cuts will be needed. We will rely more are varied in their type, manifestation, and implications. on removing CO2 from the atmosphere through so-called ‘negative emissions’ – including through technologies that don’t exist yet - in order to reach our targets. Right now, we’re headed to towards a rise of more that 3°C IPCC: We have above pre-industrial levels, with devastating impacts.6 to reduce global The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up to provide a comprehensive summary of emissions by 45% from scientific data on climate change to help inform policy decisions. The IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C, published in 2010 levels within the late 2018, tells us that we have to reduce global emissions by 45% from 2010 levels within the next decade.7 next decade. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report published in November 2019 calls on us to reduce global emissions by 7.6% every year from 2020 to 2030 if we still want a chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

NDAU FESTIVAL OF

CASE STUDY THE ARTS Using the Arts to address climate change impacts in Africa Ndau Festival of the Arts works in Zimbabwe, in areas badly affected by the impacts of climate change, empowering rural communities to use art to move towards sustainable living. Ndau’s mission is to use music, theatre, poetry, painting and storytelling to address local issues – teaching art skills, harnessing expertise and creating knowledge-sharing spaces from which solution-based environmental messages can spread.

6. Emissions Gap Report 2019. UN Environment Programme (2019) https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/ emissions-gap-report-2019 7. Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5C. IPCC (2018) https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/

12 UK CLIMATE CHANGE ACT 2008 In 2019, the UK government adopted a new legally binding target of reaching net zero UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. This is more ambitious than the previous target of reducing UK GHG emissions by 80% by 2050 compared to 1990. However, even before the introduction of this more ambitious target, based on current policies the UK is not on track to meet its legally mandated carbon budgets after 2022. WEATHER FORECAST A less stable climate with more unseasonal, unpredictable and extreme weather, already poses a significant risk to the festival and outdoor events industry. Current trends suggest that UK summers will become drier overall, but when rain does fall, it will do so in heavier bursts.8

Impacts include the audience experience (due rain or heat), extra costs associated with more weather-proof infrastructure and contingencies, increased insurance costs and travel disruptions, and an increased risk of cancellations – like those of Boardmasters and Houghton Festival in 2019. THIS IS NOT A DRILL. Greta Thunberg

8. UK extreme events – heavy rainfall and floods. Met Office. https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/understanding-climate/uk-extreme-events-_heavy-rainfall-and-floods

13 An overview of environmental impacts 9

[PDF] e per year 2 https://www.ukmusic.org/assets/general/Music_By_Numbers_2019_Methodology.pdf

million litres million of outdoor event.of outdoor For the purposes of the analysis of festival industry impacts in The Show Must Go On industry impacts in The Show the purposes of festival For of the analysis as 2018 and define a‘festival’ from figures usedreport, UK Music attendance have we based is primarily music and held in an outdoor space, with a capacity that an event any to relevant in the report and recommendations are least 1,500. The content of at all types for exist don’t impact benchmarks – but similar environmental outdoor event

Music By Numbers Methodology. UK Music (2019). Numbers Methodology. Music By

TOTAL UK MUSIC CAMPINGFESTIVAL INDUSTRY EMISSIONS EMISSIONS INDUSTRY UK MUSIC CAMPINGFESTIVAL TOTAL TRAVEL) (EXCLUDING 24,261 tonnes CO 24,261 tonnes

184.5 million litres 184.5 million FESTIVALS UK MUSIC CAMPING CONSUMED AT OF WATER

25,800 tonnes ANNUALLY OF WASTE

0.5 litres per0.5 litres person per day FESTIVALS UK MUSIC USED AT OF DIESEL LITRES AVERAGE

4.9 million 4.9 million ANNUALLY UK MUSIC FESTIVALGOERS

9. 7 ANNUALLY INDUSTRY UK FESTIVAL THE OF FUEL USED BY LITRES TOTAL THE

FESTIVALS IN NUMBERS FESTIVALS UK MUSIC CAMPING CAMPING MUSIC UK 14 An overview of environmental impacts 15 In each 10 2019 2014 es R 12.5 Litr Food & drink including concessions, catering bars, materials Set Tickets/programmes Merchandise Other products TE es WA Goods/services • • • • • 14.3 Litr 2.3 KG 1.9 KG GHG EMISSIONS water, food & beverages, all food & beverages, water, consumables on-site other transport Onsite Audiences and contractors Crew Artists production materials, Set equipment, infrastructure, site E 2.8 KG ST • Transport • • • • WA 2.0 KG es 0.6 Litr es DIESEL 0.5 Litr 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

14 13 12 11 10 15 Waste consumption (and Water processing) wastewater impacts environmental Direct pollution e.g. on biodiversity, Power use… from fuel or use… from Power or grid, battery, mains through renewables

Diesel sample size: 20 UK festivals. Waste sample size: 16 UK festivals. Water sample size: 19 UK festivals. These benchmarks are derived from a sample of festivals voluntarily reporting either through Julie’s Julie’s reporting either through voluntarily a sample derived of festivals from are These benchmarks sample 19 UK festivals. size: Water sample 16 UK festivals. size: Waste Diesel sample 20 UK festivals. size: Bicycle Creative Green Certification or the free Creative Green Tools, and may therefore indicate a performance that is better than the average festival as it is drawn from environmentally engagedevents. environmentally from as it is drawn festival average than the a is performance that better indicate therefore Tools, and may Green Creative Certification or the free Green Creative Bicycle • • • Onsite • 10. These benchmarks have been derived from the data from UK camping music festivals spanning 2017 - 2019. festivals UK camping music from been the data derived have These from benchmarks selected. was of data year available case the most recent

DECEMBER 2019 DECEMBER JULIE’S BICYCLE BENCHMARKS BENCHMARKS JULIE’S BICYCLE MUSIC FESTIVALS, FOR CAMPING All festivals and outdoor events have ecological footprints. They consume energy, water, food water, ecological consume energy, They have footprints. events and outdoor All festivals and carbon emissions. produce waste - and they and materials ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF OF SOURCES

An overview of environmental impacts An overview of environmental impacts e 2 person per day. The current The current UK benchmark for camping with festivals CO2e per is 1.9kg and are a long way off the emissions reduction trajectory reduction trajectory off the emissions a long way and are targets. climate hold pace with UK national to required per audience carbon footprint Reductions in the relative landfill, where from away a move by driven largely are day a are waste biodegradable emissions from methane We gas emissions. greenhouse to contributor significant with extreme reduction this relative treat should therefore but there direction, in the right moving things are caution: we data blind spots in the environmental still many are go to to a long way still have and we and track, understand zero. net to be on a pathway EMISSIONS e

2 e? 2 11 e. 2 e. This includes direct impacts impacts e. This includes direct 2 e is a standard unit for measuring carbon footprints. A carbon footprint measures measures carbonA carbonmeasuring footprint footprints. for unit standard a is e 2

stands for ‘carbon dioxide equivalent’ and is a way to express the impacts of different of different the impacts express to is a way and equivalent’ dioxide ‘carbon stands for greenhouse gases in a common unit. an intangible Although it can seemlike impacts. change related climate and track compare concept, to it is an essential way WHAT IS CO WHAT CO COthe greenhouse individual or organisation. an gas (GHG) emissions caused by

This figure was derived using the Julie’s Bicycle Benchmark of 1.9 kg CO2e per audience day, and UK Music’s figure for annual festival attendance of 4.9 million (UK Music, Music By Numbers, 2019). Additionally, Additionally, By Numbers, 2019). of 4.9 million (UK Music, Music attendance festival for annual figure and UK Music’s kg audienceCO2e day, per Benchmark of 1.9 Bicycle was derived using the Julie’s This figure we have used UK Music’s reported average festival duration of 2.94 days and their split (derived from ticketing data) of 16% day ticket vs 84% whole festival ticket holders to derive a total audience day figure of figure day audience total a derive to holders ticket festival 84% whole vs ticket day of 16% data) ticketing (derivedtheir split and from days 2.94 of duration festival average reported usedMusic’s UK have we figure, authoritative remains the most it include – however, some non-campingfestivals likely while the UK Music figures festivals, camping derived from are benchmarks Bicycle the Julie’s that 12,885,040. Note attendance. festival UK music total for the industry, endorsed by 11. of the production of materials, food, merchandise, etc. etc. food, merchandise, of materials, of the production with camping is 1.9 kg CO with camping is 1.9 kg impacts – but not use, and waste diesel use, water from and the embodied transport, carbon impacts travel, from The current benchmark for greenhouse gas emissions per greenhouse benchmark for The current UK festivals at (per on site) person per day day audience UK FESTIVAL CO UK FESTIVAL these are not enough to offset overall industry growth – industry growth overall offset enough to not these are Small efficiency gains have been made in fuel gains use and Small efficiency but reduction, waste into been inroads notable have there sustainable practices, the environmental impacts of the the environmental sustainable practices, since 2015, driven gone up overall industry have festival of the industry. the growth by the UK festival industry from diesel, waste, and water use and water diesel, waste, industry from the UK festival 24,261 t CO approximately at and action around engagement greater Despite With an estimated audience of 4.9 million festivalgoers of 4.9 million festivalgoers audience With an estimated emissions of annual the total can extrapolate we annually, 16 An overview of environmental impacts 17 13 ) OF A ) OF e 2 83% of festivalgoers expect all of the festivals they they expect all of the festivals 83% of festivalgoers impacts. their environmental tackle to attend about the care do not Only 9% of festivalgoers create. impact festivals environmental attend to likely said be would they One in four more demonstrably were carbon if its footprint a festival than its competitors. lower activities, more communal/chill spaces, and more photo photo spaces, and more communal/chill activities, more opportunities.’ than those who selected ‘a greater variety of events/ variety than those who selected ‘a greater • • • The breakdown of emissions can vary considerably considerably can vary of emissions The breakdown is a between Measuring the carbon footprint events. assess year-on-year to prioritise measures, new to way of the issues our understanding - developing progress and giving us the opportunity our be accountable for to a high carbon impact, does have not impacts. While water comes resources freshwater of limited overconsumption challenges. environmental with other does include not this breakdown note It is important to artist, and audience contractor, supply chain impacts like the food and drink production; and travel; transport extraction, or the purification; impacts of wastewater and of the materials processing, and manufacture reporting usedproducts and consumed Accurately onsite. these impacts is beyond the scope of this report, although progress been significant making have individual festivals their events. detailed emissions reporting for in more 76% E 24% GY ER <1% ST T WA WA ENER audience audience 12 https://www.cga.co.uk/report-tag/consumer-research/ State of Play: UK Festivals Play: of State

Festival audience attitudes to sustainability. CGA (2019). sustainability. to attitudes audience Festival The GHG Protocol develops standards and guidance for how companies and organisations should account for their greenhouse gas emissions, based on the level of control a business has. These are divided into a business divided has. These their greenhouse gas emissions, based into of control are companies should account for how on the level and organisations and guidance for standards develops The GHG Protocol Scopes 1, 2, and 3. Scope 1 emissions are from ‘assets that are owned or controlled’. For festivals and outdoor events, this generally includes: Diesel powered generators, lights, etc where the festival is buying is festival the where etc lights, includes: generally this Diesel generators, powered outdoor events, and festivals For ownedor controlled’. are Scopesthat ‘assets from 3. Scope2, and 1, are emissions 1 and Development also include these Research Scope of Construction Companies emissions in their own Network for some 1 accounting, providers power but guidance the European publishedthe fuel. Note: by a usefulfor the outdoor should be within Scope model ‘projects’ counted and machinery at 1 – and the construction use industry offers in plant for an organisation (ENCORD) fuel purchased by suggests that air-conditioning equipment, refrigerators, freezers, used in refrigerants from emissions Fugitive on site. vehicles owned offices. or heat Gas used or used Fuel operated use in on-site to on site sector. events to to the grid, efforts connect of electricityare making offices, and used purchased the generation events and mains grid electricity – e.g. in festival from Scope – although more 2 emissions are usedetc. on site the by owned the activities sources or controlled not of a business, caused Scope but come by from 3 emissions are overall. the sector consumption from of energy small percentage a relatively this remains goods, purchased Scopeto transport, 3 - from fall into disposal and more. impacts waste, proportionevent of of A significant company. see reduced waste at festivals, and nearly as many said and nearly as many festivals, see at reduced waste eco-friendly see more to - more initiatives wanted they For Ticketmaster’s Ticketmaster’s For to said wanted they festivalgoers two in three survey,

they attend to tackle their environmental their environmental tackle to attend they impacts. 83% of festivalgoers expect all of the festivals expect festivals all of the 83% of festivalgoers Audiences are increasingly demanding festivals take take demanding festivals increasingly are Audiences impacts: their environmental reduce action to travel or supply chain impacts, are outside organisers’ outside organisers’ or supply chain impacts, are travel incentives, but can be influenced through control direct choices. and procurement contracts There are some emissions that are directly under festival under festival directly are some emissions that are There invest the choice to example, – for control organisers’ audience such as others, – while efficiency in energy OUTDOOR EVENTS? OUTDOOR EVENTS? WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CARBON CARBON IS RESPONSIBLE THE FOR WHO AND FESTIVALS EMISSIONS FROM 13. 12. UK CAMPING FESTIVAL UK CAMPING FOOTPRINT BREAKDOWN (CO BREAKDOWN FOOTPRINT AVERAGE ONSITE CARBON CARBON ONSITE AVERAGE

An overview of environmental impacts An overview of environmental impacts of festivals introduced a new partnership partnership a new introduced of festivals reduce to measures new introduced of festivals sustainable travel new promoted of festivals 20% charity or campaigning with an environmental in 2019 organisation 48% in 2019 recycling increase and/or waste 28% carbonoptions in 2019, or introduced balancing for time. the first a specific budget environmental for sustainability • • • Over 100 UK festivals 100 UK festivals Over now are and events Festival signed up to Vision: 2025 have 28% of festivals 14 of festivals introduced a new environmental environmental a new introduced of festivals of festivals have been involved with a program, been with a program, involved have of festivals public engagement a new created of festivals

campaign about the environment in 2019 campaign about the environment 32% in 2019 their event action plan for policy and/or 40% sustainability in improve to or project consultancy in 2019 or event their organisation 36%

European Festival Report 2018. IQ Magazine issue 81 (2019) https://issuu.com/gregiq/docs/iq81 Festival European 14. • • • Additionally, festivals reported NEW actions for 2019: actions for reported NEW festivals Additionally, sustainability in the team coordinator/someone coordinator/someone responsible for have a sustainability have The survey also shows significant growth in action on: measuring and addressing carbon emissions, the use of reusable carbon the use emissions, in action on: measuring and addressing growth of significant also shows The survey traders. for food standards minimum and introducing cups on site 68% of festivals In 2015, the first edition of the Powerful Thinking festival industry green survey was undertaken to identify actions and actions to identify was undertaken survey green industry festival Powerful Thinking edition of the In 2015, the first trends. track since year to every has been The survey repeated community. organiser the festival priorities across travel. use, and audience energy waste, tackling perhaps unsurprisingly, action remain, The highest priorities for 2018, with nearly every event that responded, “revealing responded, “revealing that event 2018, with nearly every in 2019.” efforts up their ramp plans to The annual IQ European Festival Report 2018 highlighted Report highlighted 2018 Festival IQ European The annual in emerge to as a trend security, alongside environment, is being reflected in the outdoor events community, with community, events in the outdoor is being reflected action by environmental 100 committing than to more Vision:2025. signing up to Growing awareness of the unfolding climate emergency emergency climate of the unfolding awareness Growing AND OUTDOOR EVENTS INDUSTRY 2020 INDUSTRY OUTDOOREVENTS AND THE STATE OF PLAY IN THE UK FESTIVAL UK FESTIVAL IN THE OF PLAY STATE THE person per day. festivals with camping festivals CO2e per is 1.9kg benchmark for UK benchmark for The current The current 18 An overview of environmental impacts POWERFUL THINKING’S EVENT INDUSTRY An overview of environmental impacts GREEN SURVEY: 2015 VS 2019 RESPONSES

We measure and address our 2019 carbon emissions 2015 We have a sustainable procurement policy

We have minimum food standards for traders (e.g. free-range eggs) We are tackling energy use

We have a strategy to reduce waste and increase recycling We use reusable cups on our festival site

We promote and incentivise sustainable travel

We have a traders green award

We have entered the 'A Greener Festival' Award

We use the Julie's Bicycle Creative Green Tool to measure our carbon footprint

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Note: event organisers already engaged with environmental practices are more likely to respond to a voluntary survey of this nature, so these responses may not reflect practices across the entire industry – however, they do provide an indication of areas that festival organisers are focusing on.

An overview of environmental impacts

The Drastic on Plastic campaign is a three-year campaign and three-year the Association of pledge by The Drastic launched pledged to have 60 member Over festivals Foundation. with the RAW in 2018, in partnership Festivals Independent 2021. by all single-use their festivals plastics from eliminate DRASTIC ON PLASTIC DRASTIC The Association of Independent Festivals (AIF), The Association of Festival Organisers (AFO), the Production Services the Production (AFO), Organisers The Association (AIF), of Festival The Association Festivals of Independent Association (NOEA). In Events Outdoor and the National Association (NCASS) Caterers the Nationwide Association (PSA), as a topic. became and a sub-group focused on energy group the ‘Vision:2025 group’ remains 2020, the steering Powerful Thinking, the UK festival industry’s think-do tank for sustainable energy, continues to collectively represent a collectively represent to continues sustainable energy, tank for think-do industry’s the UK festival Thinking, Powerful membership and festival promoters festival experts, key environmental bringing together cross-sectionindustry by of the PR, Lansdowne Warwick, Plaster power, SMART Events, Kambe Republic, Festival Bicycle, including: Julie’s organisations, POWERFUL THINKING POWERFUL The Vision 2025 Conference brought together over 100 events professionals in 2019. professionals 100 events over together brought The Vision 2025 Conference Participating festivals and interested events industry professionals meet annually at the Showman’s Show, the UK outdoor the UK outdoor Show, the Showman’s at meet annually professionals industry events and interested festivals Participating services exhibition. event and suppliers by at least 50% by 2025 and to work together to share experiences knowledge. and share to together work 2025 and to 50% by least at by report. Must Go On The Show in the first launched The was that industry festival the vision for Vision 2025 is a shared this global issue. industry response to as a festival in Paris change talks the 2015 climate at presented report was FESTIVAL VISION 2025 VISION FESTIVAL gas emissions their greenhouse reduce action to take Vision 2025, committing to signed now up to are 100 festivals Over up. Although much action remains driven by a core group of dedicated promoters and promoters dedicated of group a core by driven action remains much Although become is startingpioneers stepping with new leadership distributed, to more professionals, INDUSTRY INITIATIVES INDUSTRY 20 An overview of environmental impacts 21 15 16 https://www.agreenerfestival.com/festival-wood/ https://www.agreenerfestival.com/8th-plate/

8th Plate. A Greener Festival Festival A Greener 8th Plate. Festival Wood, A Greener Festival. Festival. A Greener Wood, Festival festival-related organisations and suppliers, including seven UK festivals, have contributed to A Greener Festival's Festival's A Greener to contributed have UK festivals, seven including and suppliers, organisations festival-related 16. 15. A working group launched in 2019 to bring together key UK live music industry trade bodies industry trade and supporting music UK live experts key bring together in 2019 to launched group A working and targets set collective environmental to in order Festival and A Greener Thinking Powerful Bicycle, including Julie’s aims. ENVIRONMENTAL SUB-GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL UK MUSIC: UK LIVE MUSIC UK MUSIC: UK LIVE government policy and action on climate, the project is coordinated by a working group including Julie’s Bicycle. MDE has Bicycle. including Julie’s group a working by is coordinated the project policy and action on climate, government associations - alongside artists Billie Eilish, such as and trade promoters including festival collected 2,700 signatories over the 1975, and Foals. MUSIC DECLARES EMERGENCY MUSIC DECLARES greater in 2019 calling for industry launched the UK music by and ecological emergency of climate MDE is a declaration vulnerable people in society. 15 participating festivals in 2018 saved 12 tonnes of surplus food from ending up in the bin – of surplus food from in 2018 saved 12 tonnes people 15 participating festivals in society. vulnerable 28,000 meals. of over the equivalent A project to reduce food waste initiated by NCASS (the Nationwide Caterers Association) and A Greener Festival to to Festival Association) and A Greener Caterers (the Nationwide NCASS by initiated food reduce waste to A project meals for provide that organisations and other foodbanks it to and redistribute festivals ediblesalvage food leftover from 8TH PLATE 8TH Organised by A Greener Festival, the 11th edition of the Green Events & Innovations conference at ILMC attracted record- ILMC attracted at conference & Innovations the 11th edition Events of the Green Festival, A Greener by Organised sustainability. of event the topic around professionals 200 event over brings together in 2019 - it now attendance breaking THE GREEN EVENTS AND INNOVATIONS INNOVATIONS AND GREEN EVENTS THE CONFERENCE ‘Festival Wood’ project – a wild forest regeneration initiative that has planted 5,777 trees to date. to trees 5,777 has planted that initiative regeneration – a wild forest project Wood’ ‘Festival FESTIVAL WOOD FESTIVAL 22 who have collectively balanced the carbon emission from over 13 million travel miles through their support for projects support their projects miles through for collectively balanced travel 13 million over who have the carbon emission from on UK school such as solar - panel installations buildings. clean energy generate that A project tackling the impact of audience, artist and supplier travel by engaging them in reducing transport emissions transport engaging them in reducing by artist the impact of audience, and supplier travel tackling A project directly then invested – 100% of which are with donations emissions possible and then balancing unavoidable wherever and 30 suppliers, 50 festivals with over works now Revolution Launched in 2015, Energy projects. energy renewable into ENERGY REVOLUTION ENERGY left behind at AIF member festivals in 2018. All AIF member festivals participated, more than 60 events, securing extensive securing than 60 events, extensive more participated, member festivals in 2018. All AIF member festivals left AIF behind at message. with a coordinated millions of festivalgoers potentially and social and reaching press media coverage This consumer-facing campaign launched by the Association of Independent Festivals in 2019, aimed to inspire inspire in 2019, aimed to Association the Festivals of Independent by campaign launched This consumer-facing stop to Single Use’ campaign called . The on major retailers No To and Say Home Tent Your ‘Take to festivalgoers tents from plastic waste of the nearly 900 tonnes help address single-use as to and selling items, tents’ ‘festival marketing TAKE YOUR TENT HOME TENT YOUR TAKE

An overview of environmental impacts An overview of environmental impacts 18

Collective investment between Collective the whole festival investment solutions new and into suppliers community and key specific and services address gaps in the market, to assess specific to claims. product research into on issues such as regulations government Improved the UK government example, labelling.product For bio-based, for on standards a public consultation ran and compostablebiodegradable plastics in 2019. • • Anecdotally, some contractors who are able to offer offer to able are who some contractors Anecdotally, part actions as reduction impact of their environmental unlessservices specified, include these do not in tenders because of the high risk of their proposal being dismissed higher price-point the resulting than out of hand due to services. green comparable offer who do not competitors greener demand for Alongside these challenges, greater and organisers both and services festival products from of questionable wave in a new is resulting audiences claims: and conflicting green-washing environmental lacking organisers festival for can be difficult information to experience,sort specific or time through training, and assess. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/standards-for-biodegradable-compostable-and-bio-based-plastics-call-

This might point to a lack of available a lack of available point to This might of festival organisers report the inability organisers of festival 17

40%

TO ACT. – IT REALLY IS TIME IS TIME REALLY – IT YEARS TO ACHIEVE ACHIEVE TO YEARS CHANGES SIGNIFICANT WE HAVE ABOUT 10 ABOUT HAVE WE Chris Johnson, Shambala Festival transparent, open conversations about costs open and conversations transparent, needs. to between organisers collaboration festival Greater honest experiences about and exchange products services and those - don’t. work that that More forums such as Powerful Thinking that bring that Thinking as Powerful such forums More have to together and suppliers organisers festival

Festival Industry Green Survey 2019, Powerful Thinking (2019) Thinking 2019, Powerful Survey Industry Green Festival biodegradable, compostable for and bio-basedStandards plastics: evidence (2019) call for for-evidence 17. 18. • Meeting these challenges head-on will require: • solutions, or an inability for suppliers to deliver certain deliver to solutions, suppliers or an inability for willing or are a price-pointsolutions organisers at festival pay. able to Despite this, Despite as a key sustainable options deliver to of contractors action. barrier to and services supportingaimed to sector at the festival impacts. its environmental address Increasing numbers of event suppliers and contractors and contractors suppliers of event numbers Increasing in the UK, both established companies entrants and new of products range a wider developing are the market, to SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY

around sustainability targets into contracts contracts into sustainabilityaround targets in 2019 with some suppliers 16% of festivals introduced specific16% of festivals clauses 22 An overview of environmental impacts 23

An overview of environmental impacts Energy 24

Energy Energy Impacts and solutions and Impacts Chapter Supported by:Chapter

Energy Energy 0.5 litres of diesel is the litres average used per person music at per day festivals. In its 2019 progress report In its 2019 progress 19

20 reductions at individual events that exceed this. that individual events at reductions Average fuel consumption per audience day has reduced has fuel consumption per day audience Average this shows While years. 7% in the last five estimated an by Must Go On report and the original Show some progress, reduce aim to out an ambitious Vision 2025 set Festival with 2025 compared diesel 50% by consumption by focus on demand increased 2014. Without significantly investment alongside efficiency, and energy reduction use of battery connections mains grid and greater into technologies, out of this original aim seems increasingly than of more reductions need would achieve to We reach. but between year 10% every and 2025 – a tall order, now the over impossible.not Thinking of Powerful The work in which things ways many has identified past 8 years of successfulexamples and could be done differently, 24 21

22 ions. S industry every industry every year. 380m litres of diesel are the consumed by events UK entire of UK festivals use a proportion of of UK festivals their events power biofuel to e emis 2

consumed by consumed by UK music by every festivals year. litres of diesel are At least: At 7m 20%

dementia and cancer, with almost 40,000 early UK deaths with almost 40,000 early UK deaths and cancer, dementia air pollution outdoor year. every to beingnow linked towards localised now air pollution issues, which are towards heart caused by deaths premature to being widely linked learning disabilities, diseases, strokes, and respiratory As well as climate impacts, there is growing concern and is growing impacts, there as climate well As burning diesel about made by the contribution awareness on event applications alone, representing nearly 1.5% of nearly 1.5% alone, representing applications on event NRMM diesel usage aggregated and accounting the UK’s of CO 1.2 million tonnes an estimated for this thinking. In 2019, an independent report authored report In 2019, an independent authored this thinking. an Concepts that suggested Hope Solutions and ZAP by of diesel is consumed 380 million litres estimated annually to government, the Committee on Climate Change identified the development of a policy to of a policy Change identified the development on Climate government, the Committee to decarbonisefor 2020. mobile machinery a priority off-road change as an industry means changing on climate Acting non-road mobile machinery, which includes generators used to power events, accounted events, power used to which includes generators mobile machinery, non-road UK greenhouse in 2017. gas emissions of total 2.5% around for Our dependence on burning fossil fuels to provide electricity is a key cause of climate change. of climate cause electricity provide is a key Our dependence fuels to on burning fossil IN SUMMARY IN 26 Energy 27 Analysis: UK

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ Renewables - only where - only where Grid - Can you use HVO or other or other use - Can you HVO Connection https://issuu.com/hopesolutionsservices/docs/uk_events_and_diesel_use_factsheet - Do actually need you power in https://issuu.com/hopesolutionsservices/docs/uk_events_and_diesel_use_factsheet https://issuu.com/hopesolutionsservices/docs/uk_events_and_diesel_use_factsheet - Use less power & use it in a of the event lifecycle from build to break. The graph below The graph break. build to from lifecycle of the event achievable savings emissions the predicted demonstrates applying it:by - Can you use mains instead of use - Can you mains instead - Can the system be backed up or be backed - Can the system https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/reducing-uk-emissions-2019-progress-report-to-parliament/ https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/reducing-uk-emissions-2019-progress-report-to-parliament/ Hybrid to and event’s power planning and procurement planning and procurement power and event’s to

https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/every-breath-we-take-lifelong-impact-air-pollution Power source Power Diesel-fueled generators else can benothing used Prevention this application? or for this location Efficiency way fuel efficient more Sourcing use Can you renewables? generators? Hybrids technology? battery by bolstered fuels Alternative sustainable fuels? generator Optimised diesel 4 5 6 1 2 3 Unoptimised diesel generator Last resort 0 Best option

power management hierarchy power management 800 600 400 200

e Total kgCO2 Total the 25

Every breath we take: the lifelong impact of air pollution. Royal College of Physicians (2016) College of Physicians impact of air pollution. Royal the lifelong take: we breath Every Concepts (2019) Hope Solutions and ZAP Emergency. and Diesel a Climate Use: RespondingUK Events to time. Carbon electricity Brief (2019) first fuels for more than fossil generate renewables Extrapolation based on UK Music estimated annual music festival visitors and Julie’s Bicycle benchmark of 0.5 L per audience day. benchmark of 0.5 L per day. Bicycle audience and Julie’s visitors festival music based annual Extrapolation on UK Music estimated Concepts (2019) Hope Solutions and ZAP Emergency. and Diesel a Climate Use: RespondingUK Events to (2019) and Industrial Strategy Energy, Business, Department on Clean Growth, in Leading for and quoted Inventory based Atmospheric on National Figure uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/839555/CCS0819884374-001_Government_Response_to_the_CCC_Progress_Report_2019_Web_Accessible.pdf Change (2019) parliament. on Climate reportReducing UK emissions: Committee to 2019 progress Concepts (2019) Hope Solutions and ZAP Emergency. and Diesel a Climate Use: RespondingUK Events to

22. 23. 24. 25. 19. 20. 21. PREDICTED EMISSIONS SAVINGS USING THE POWER POWER USING THE EMISSIONS SAVINGS PREDICTED HEIRARCHY MANGEMENT available to them and can be applied to an entire event site site event them and can be an entire applied to to available all phases to It further individual power zones. relates or to This hierachy intended to help event organisers prioritise organisers help event to intended This hierachy sustainable interventions the most environmentally processes. THE POWER MANAGEMENT HEIRARCHY MANAGEMENT POWER THE principles of The number one priority for any event looking to cut the emissions associated with its power with its power associated the emissions cut looking to event any priority one The number for A good starting the apply point is to on diesel reduce dependency generators. is to provision POWER USE AT EVENTS AT USE POWER

Energy Energy 2019 2015 0 08 07 06 05 % person per day onsite person per day The use of biodiesel changed in the has not notably cost, due to This is largely years. industry in recent the concerns around and intensifying supply constraints, than sustainability anything other of biofuel derived from within Europe. vegetable oil sourced from waste of 0.5 litres Average diesel consumed per 04 03 02 01 s e e e h or em age port kW st ator act onsit re sy t of our ntr een tari gy gy ator loads co use per or our fuel us gy e power on a gr duce fuel us re or gener eries as par event ener supplier in a plan to onsit monit gy or ener use LED stage lighting use solar ener We monit s f use biofuel in gener We We use batt We We ader We ceive a post- eciency and ge tr om our power supplier/ re gy fr use a mains grid connection onsit We

We char engage our ener We We ease ener

incr SURVEY, 2015 VS 2019 VS 2015 SURVEY, RESULTS FROM POWERFUL THINKING’S INDUSTRY GREEN INDUSTRY THINKING’S POWERFUL FROM RESULTS from 2014 benchmarks of 7% but not enough to put us on enough to of 7% but not 2014 benchmarks from targets. meet reduction to track Based on recent data, Julie’s Bicycle estimates that the that estimates Bicycle Julie’s Based data, on recent of dieselamount consumed is per onsite person per day – a decrease per on site person per 0.5 litres day around as well as some events working out systems to charge their charge to out systems working as someas well events connection than by rather use per kWh energy for traders size. There has also been a notable increase in events using LED also has been in events There increase a notable on site. and thosestage lighting using some solar energy actions and technologiesNew include the use of batteries, report from their power supplier – however, despite this increase only around half of events are are half of events only around this increase despite supplier – however, their power report from and efficiency. management energy improve supplier to with their energy working actively Since 2016, inspired by initiatives like Powerful Thinking, there has been there increase a significant Thinking, Powerful like initiatives Since by 2016, inspired loads, and requestingpost-event a energy fuel use and generator monitoring organisers in event EVENT ORGANISERS EVENT PRACTICES REPORTED BY BY REPORTED PRACTICES ENERGY MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ENERGY 28 Energy 29 Notes Including transmission and distribution losses Based on optimum efficiency energy stored in their batteries, syncing smaller diesel syncing in their batteries, stored energy with higher capacity ones and designing site generators 24 hour power are require that applications so that layout grouped in clusters. Understanding Load Profiles Load Understanding usage, typically in energy patterns are profiles Load Most commonly a 24-hour periodviewed across or longer. load profiles: see we periods asymmetric of events at high usage sandwiched between two periods of low a as base loads. Where known consumption, which are experience of an event, has previous power contractor the nuances of understand placed will bethey better to for base load and plan accordingly load profile the site power include hybrid management; common strategies the manage periods that load from of low generators Long-term objectives for the event industry must include industry must the event objectives for Long-term phasing out diesel generators. scaling and eventually down e per kW hr e per kW 2 6.675 Kg C0 Kg 0.2773

Analysis: UK renewables generate more electricity than fossil fuels for first time. Carbon Brief (2019) NRMM London, Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Guide, 2017 NRMM London, Non-Road London, Non-Road Guide, 2017 NRMM Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical time. CarbonLondon, Non-Road electricity first Brief (2019) NRMM fuels for more than fossil generate Analysis: UK renewables Guide, 2017 Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Non-Road Guide, 2017 NRMM London, Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical

UK national grid UK national Generator Power Source Power 26. sensors that activate circuit contactors when light levels levels when light contactors circuit activate that sensors on timer function change, and using the start/stop panels. control generator out electrical catering appliances for those run on appliances that for out electrical catering that inline timers gas, introducing fuels like alternative of photovoltaic the introduction on and off, circuits switch efficiency means putting in place strategies that both that means putting in place strategies efficiency the load and cut the hours;reduce these include might swapping equipment, efficient energy more sourcing these metrics make up the common unit of electrical these make metrics - which (kWh) as the kilowatt-hour consumption known energy onsite as demand. Improving to referred is often We need to consider both how much energy we are using are we need energy consider both much how to We and described / kW as ‘the load’) in kilowatts (expressed collectively in hours); (expressed use long we it for and how Reducing Demand Irrespective of the source of power, being more energy efficient can make both environmental environmental both make can efficient energy being more Irrespective of power, of the source event.for and financial savings POWER MANAGEMENT POWER Shifting over to a greater use of mains power and/ a greater Shifting to over is energy via mains or renewable charged or batteries decarbonisation. to the path essential for EFFICIENT FOR PLANNING Comparison of emissions for UK grid vs. diesel generator UK grid vs. Comparison emissions for of fuels for the first time ever. time the first fuels for The most effective approach to reducing the impact of temporary power provision is to use is provision temporary power reducingof the impact to approach The most effective electricity more than fossil generated UK renewables of 2019, quarter In the third mains power. DIESEL GENERATOR DIESEL MAINS POWER VERSUS VERSUS POWER MAINS

Energy Energy e. 2 generators of 50% and savings of 2,500L of diesel of 50% and savings generators or 6.675 tCO FLYING HIRE FLYING site design efficient power Flying Hire Festival Towersey for with power worked Festival In 2018 Towersey to their site redesign to Flying Hire contractor The station. power central efficient a more create in a load demand programmed were generators was high only running when demand configuration, The redundancy. 24-hour enough, whilst offering reduction in overall huge, with an benefitswere Fineline Lighting has worked with Shambala has worked Fineline Lighting and lighting providing 15 years, over for festival site. the across stages and venues rigging for with the event working to committed Fineline are their sustainability achieve goals to organisers a can make LED lighting and, recognising that used energy total to the difference substantial in their LED invest to continue they festivals, at and - with the aim of phasing out tungsten lighting years. few the next over lamp sources discharge FINELINE LIGHTING LED commit to Fineline Lighting Shambala at throughout lighting Festival Pearce Hire introduced a number of initiatives, a number of initiatives, introduced Hire Pearce generators, including load demand configured control and circuit festoon, LED floodlights and a Despite contactors. photovoltaic by activated a 19% day, show and an extra rise in stall numbers achieveddiesel in 2019. was reduction PEARCE HIRE PEARCE St Bury 19% at cut fuel by Hire Pearce Christmas Fayre: Edmunds 300 stalls, over featured market This festive including high demand food concessions. Shambala Festival now use trader power data to to power data use now trader Shambala Festival successfully with a pay-per- incentivise reductions use model. Energy Logging have developed power meters developed power meters have Logging Energy which can be used assess individual site-wide to or system a lighting power usages traders, – from help calculate to a single appliance or even PA, at The organisers of a meal! the carbon footprint LOGGING AT AT LOGGING SHAMBALA at power Logging trader Energy Shambala Festival ENERGY ENERGY for base load management. Processes such as the ZAP Concept’s Smart Power Plan, that inventory site-wide electrical inventory Plan, that Smart Power base load management. Concept’s for Processes such as the ZAP a and downsizing generator demand, allowing actual to production energy can beconsumers, helpful in matching of fuel consumed.reduction supplied is a list of electrical connection requirements that bears little resemblance to the actual load. Inaccurate and and load. Inaccurate the actual to resemblance little bears that supplied is a list of electrical connection requirements of generators oversizing to the of inefficiencies. causes is one of the chief It leads information advancing incomplete becausepower solutions based specifications alternatives opportunities on are wasted peak loads, and for introducing Collecting accurate information on demand and load profiles in the advancing stages can be challenging. It requires requires stages can in the advancing challenging. It be load profiles on demand and information Collecting accurate on energy and data equipment inventories comprehensive provide to and suppliers contractors their teams, production than not, is actually often what event. of the More schedulesfor the full lifecycle on/off with switch consumption, together Power Advancing Power

CASE STUDIES 30 Energy CASE STUDIES 31 Cloud based monitoring, that records energy consumption energy records that Cloud based monitoring, distribution into also circuit, can now beby incorporated consumptionof detailedanalysis more a for allowing boxes, consumers. individual by of the independent are Systems Monitoring External modules is usually logged and the data control generator once is downloaded, the data hardrive; the device’s onto a PCprocessed based Typically, through software package. mains distribution boxes cables, heavy applied to are they coils or inline meters. via snap on CT or mains feeder pillars adjustable, with some refreshing are rates The refresh reporting. energy half a secondevery highly accurate for energy include SPC’s off the shelf packages Popular produced a have Now Watt firm whilst Dutch loggers, software. including predictive bespoke system,

some synced gensets were switched off switched some were gensets synced introduced. was and monitoring overnight a 21.8% (6,657L ) was result was The net year. diesel against the previous saving In 2018, ZAP Concepts worked with the Concepts worked In 2018, ZAP and their power organisers Body & Soul’s optimise the to Hire, Generator supplier, were power design. Generators site’s year, the previous 15% from by downsized CONCEPTS CONCEPTS AND BODY AT SOUL ZAP ZAP independent of the generator and are applied at a applied at and are of the generator independent record their function is solely to distribution level; data. energy profiles and a reduction in time spent by crew on manual on manual by crew reduction in time spent and a profiles visits. maintenance and routine procedures start/stop usually hand, are on the other systems, Monitoring alerts relating to system faults and low fuel levels. They also They fuel levels. and low faults system to alerts relating their fleets, ensures which control remotely to users allow changes in load unforeseen quick response times to usage patterns, engine performance, generator loads, fuel engine performance, generator usage patterns, reduce help can They identification. consumption fault and email SMS and/or sendingpower outages automated by contractors to remotely manage their generator fleets and manage their generator remotely to contractors and consumption. They production on energy data record located, are assets on where time information real provide SYSTEMS SYSTEMS used powertools of by a suite are systems Telemetry TELEMETRY AND ENERGY MONITORING MONITORING ENERGY AND TELEMETRY SPOTLIGHT: DATA - GENERATOR - GENERATOR DATA SPOTLIGHT:

Energy Energy

For green field sites, battery systems fed by portable solar can further be employed for remote cabins, site gates and gates cabins, site by fedportable remote solar can furtherfor systems be employed battery field sites, green For camping hubs. Battery systems directly replacing small single phase generators all together. This application is particularly urban This application useful for all together. small single phase generators replacing directly systems Battery activations and brand City run events apply. LEZ regulations (LEZ) Zone & Ultra Emissions activities, especially Low where systems. battery running and emissions free silent tow, using road powered be can now reliably demand is low, where STAND ALONE ALONE STAND consumers are up and running the load plateaus out; the end result is that you have an oversized generator running generator an oversized have you out; is that the end result up and running the load plateaus are consumers the primary to size you allows duty therefore, cycle. The smart for the bulk of the consumers’ facility, inefficiently boost than peak load requirements. meet the nominal rather to generator system to compensate for shortfalls in the primary supply. For example, there may be some a high start three may up load for there example, For in the primary supply. shortfalls compensate for to system generator specifying necessitate otherwise which would a higher kVA or motors, compressors like phase applications of seconds, and once matter a the electrical for this additional power is only required this. However, accommodate to A sort of amalgamation of the peak shaving and hybridization applications. A generator is connected in-line with a battery is connected in-line with a battery A generator applications. A sort and hybridization of the peak shaving of amalgamation systems are capable of delivering adequate power over two days without the need for any generator intervention. intervention. generator without the need any for two power over days adequate capable of delivering are systems SMART BOOST application. The loads here are generally low (timing and IT applications, PA power, inflatables etc). Only a handful of UK etc). inflatables power, PA applications, (timing and IT low generally are The loads here application. see inefficienciesas low meaning it is common with loads as to huge sync-able under 100kVA, sets have power contractors In most scenarios, battery the if specified being serviced power nodes correctly, 160kW. 4kW through capable of delivering The battery system becomes the primary power source and the diesel generator only ramps on in the event of an inverter of an inverter the event on in only ramps becomes and the diesel the primary power source generator system The battery for smaller in demand seen an increase we have years, the last five Over depletion. or battery failure a hardware overload, start and finish line a critical is where particularlyconsidered power in mass participation run events generators, syncable generator runtimes, and improves efficiency by making the generator work harder through the introduction of a introduction secondary the through harder work the generator by making efficiency and improves runtimes, generator charging. battery load through HYBRIDIZATION REVERSE Batteries are connected in-line with generators to create a combined power and energy storage system. When the system. storage a combined power and energy create to connected in-line with generators are Batteries the primary load. by required not energy residual utilising any by the batteries charges is running it trickle generator reduces.reduce Helps periods the load significantly such as overnight used where base load management for Typically HYBRIDIZATION A battery system is installed inline with a mains supply to avoid the installation of additional capacity, typically generators, to to typically generators, of additional capacity, the installation avoid is installed with a mains supply to inline system A battery meetto mains supplies for supplementing this is usually events, At load profile. manage peak demands in a highly variable mains redundancy. for systems battery the demands of headline acts, or providing PEAK SHAVING PEAK Common Applications for Hybrid Power Generators: Power Hybrid for Common Applications generator. Some can be charged from renewables, usually solar PV. If used correctly, HPGs can If used correctly, usually solar PV. renewables, Some can be from charged generator. support fuel significant savings. HYBRID POWER GENERATORS POWER HYBRID a diesel with integrates that system inverter (HPG) is a battery generator power A hybrid SPOTLIGHT: BATTERY SYSTEMS AND AND SYSTEMS BATTERY SPOTLIGHT: 32 Energy CASE STUDIES 33 CO2e / L 2.67 0.03 0.03 Designation EN 590 B100 WVO WVO HVO

power monitoring has allowed Power Logistics’ to reduce the fuel used at British Summer Time 2019 by more more the fuel used reduce British Summer Time 2019 by at to Logistics’ has allowed Power power monitoring than 25%. areas this July in two event separate at the time the first for technology battery also Logistics implemented Power main stages in the near future. for power a reality battery on making focusing are and they and oils. Power Logistics also deployed its bespoke power monitoring system, developed in-house by its research developed its research in-house by system, also Logistics deployed its bespoke power monitoring and oils. Power usage. Power energy the event’s regarding and data time knowledge real provide to team, and development fuel consumption carbon and reducing footprint; a positive impact on an event’s have to is proven monitoring cost efficiencies. which in turn leads to onsite required of generators and size the number often of their fuel usage areas identified across a % breakdown clients deliver to Logistics allowed Power This system use fuel is being of effective much used how can see and where exactly organisers so event time data with real Over the last six years AEG Live and LoudSound have been keen to improve the impact of the festival on the the impact of the festival improve been to keen have and LoudSound Live AEG the last six years Over support. to has been than happy Logistics This has seen Logistics which Power more Power environment, of HVO since 2015 and the introduction the festival solutions at and LED lighting carrying out power monitoring take Logistics and Power event 2019 saw the prestigious since 2017. However, the site around some areas fuel at of sustainable initiatives: in terms leap forward a huge fats vegetable diesel renewable is produced from form of a HVO, was fuelled solely with time the site the first For POWER LOGISTICS POWER Logistics Power with go 100% HVO Park Hyde BST presents Barclaycard AEG’s solution for management project a complete has been Logistics Power providing Park, since Hyde 2014. held in London’s British Summer Time festival, Fuel Type Renewable diesel (100% from waste oils) waste diesel (100% from Renewable Biodiesel (100% from waste oils) Biodiesel waste (100% from Diesel (gas oil)

WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUEL TYPES DIFFERENT WITH SPOTLIGHT: EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED ASSOCIATED EMISSIONS SPOTLIGHT:

Energy SMART POWER CASE STUDIES AT BRISTOL HALF MARATHON SMART Power used 100% battery systems backed up with 12kVA & 20kVA biodiesel generators to power the medical tent and all start and finish line trackside applications (PA systems, inflatable gantries, wifi, timing equipment and cabins at Bristol’s 2019 Half Marathon. By employing a silent running, zero emissions, reverse-hybrid system, only 30L of diesel was burned despite there being a record 10,000 participants. Dan Regal - Bristol Live

IMMERSA Off-grid concession vans by Immersa

In 2019, renewable energy generation and storage solutions experts Immersa, were asked to provide offgrid power for concession vans at outdoor events. They designed a roof-mounted solar system with enough battery storage to supply the whole system – which could also be charged from the mains power grid overnight if required or by an additional generator in times of low solar production.

OFFGRID ENERGY OffGrid Energy at ‘Clean Air – A Human Right?’ Activation

The Clean Air campaign truck required a 32A three- phase supply to power their air handling equipment, which had a high start up load. A 40kVA generator was originally specified to manage this demand, but OffGrid Energy instead supplied a 20kVA genset with a 15kVA GridToGo hybrid system capable of delivering 200% of its rated output for 5 seconds. By employing the hybrid power generator to manage the peak start up load and then downsizing the diesel generator to match the lower nominal demand, they saved the client 420L of fuel in 48 hours. Offgrid Energy

34 Energy 35

28 However, the most common form of hydrogen production, which production, of hydrogen the most common form However, 29 27

NRMM London, Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Guide, 2017NRMM London, Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Guide, 2017 Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Non-Road Guide, 2017NRMM London, Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Practical Non-Road NRMM London, (FCHEA), Fuel Cell Basics Association Energy Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Cities,European 2019 In to Sustainably Operate Affordable Hydrogen Making Power A New EVERYWH2ERE,

emissions, it is not a longer term decarbonisation solution. A handful of UK power contractors now stock LPG stock now decarbonisation a longer term emissions, it is not solution. A handful of UK power contractors 2 28. 29. 27. are available, including electrolysis (using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen), renewable liquid reforming liquid reforming renewable and oxygen), hydrogen into (using electricity water split including electrolysis to available, are these levels, but until can be commercial viable scaled with steam), liquid fuels such as ethanol up to renewable (reacting inputs in the process. clean burning benefitsby energy will be negated of hydrogen’s much EVERYWH2ERE, an EU co-funded hydrogen fuel cell project, has begun to explore their potential as a source of clean as a source their potential co-funded fuel cell project, has begun an EU explore hydrogen to EVERYWH2ERE, and construction applications. event live for energy processes sustainable production Other more intensive. energy gas, is hugely of natural reforming steam the involves Fuel cells are an attractive proposition because hydrogen has one of the highest energy density values by mass (120 to mass (120 to density by values has one of the highest energy because proposition hydrogen an attractive Fuel cells are of applications: a variety scalable - so can be to running; are adapted silent completely and the fuel cells are 142MJ/kg) virtually produce and they no emissions. cathode and an electrolyte membrane. They work by passing hydrogen through the anode and oxygen through the through the anode and oxygen through passing hydrogen by work They membrane. cathode and an electrolyte and water. and two harmless oxygen byproducts: a current cathode to HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS HYDROGEN comprise They of an anode, electricity. into hydrogen convert on an electrochemical process to fuel cells rely Hydrogen constituents are propane, butane and isobutane which are liquefied through pressurisation. Although LPG offers reduced Although LPG pressurisation. offers liquefied through butane and isobutane which are propane, are constituents CO including Midas and Gofer. generators, powered LPG GENERATORS gas processing. Its main Gas (LPG) is produced and natural as a co-productLiquid Petroleum of crude oil refining products, but there has been but there some early adoption in bothproducts, the construction markets. and telecom battery, and an inverter to help boost peak power capabilities. Manufacturers are claiming a 40% fuel reduction against claiming a 40% fuel reduction are help boost to peak power capabilities. and an inverter Manufacturers battery, with reduced loads (< 20% load), together low at when operating and savings reliability and greater gensets comparable these for penetration industry market event see any to yet are We footprint. and a smaller overall service intervals Variable speed generators (VSG) feature automatic variable speed control (that self-adjusts according to the load), a to self-adjusts speed according (that variable control automatic (VSG) feature speed generators Variable 70% to 90%. 70% to GENERATORS SPEED HYBRID VARIABLE For the event industry, this legislation relates in particular to generators whose power rate is between 18kW and 560kW. 560kW. and is between 18kW whose power rate generators in particular to relates this legislation industry, event the For specifically technologiesreduce that tailpipe incorporate to 2020 will have January after engines new manufactured Any specificallyto localised contribute by air engine emissions that reduce pollution is to emissions. The aim of this legislation (NRMM) after 2020 must conform to Tier V (‘five’) standards. NRMM is classified as any mobile machine, item of any mobile machine, NRMM is classified Tier V (‘five’) as to standards. conform 2020 must (NRMM) after or goods and is passengers carrying on the road for intended is not that or vehicle industrial equipment transportable with a engine. combustion fitted Currently in the UK most generators conform to Tier IIIA (‘Three A’) emissions standards. However, EU Directive Directive EU However, emissions standards. A’) (‘Three Tier IIIA to conform UK most in the generators Currently mobile machinery non-road for engines all new manufactured that in 2020, stipulates force into 2016/1628 which came STAGE V COMPLIANT GENERATORS GENERATORS V COMPLIANT STAGE TECHNOLOGIES NEW GENERATOR GENERATOR NEW MIDAS POWER CASE STUDIES USE LPG TO POWER CHRISTMAS AT

KEW Midas deployed their LPG fuelled 45kVA rental spec genset at Kew Gardens for their 2019 Christmas event. The unit was able to power one area of the site with a highly variable load profile, whilst the remaining areas ran on HVO fuelled gensets. The LPG generator achieved significant CO, CO2 and NOx emissions reductions through its three-way exhaust catalyst.

GREENBELT FESTIVAL Greenbelt Festival Halve Fuel Use

Greenbelt are committed to transitioning to 100% renewable power as a long term goal. In the short term they are focused becoming as power efficient as possible, with impressive results - since they first started monitoring power in 2016 they have halved their fuel use.

36 Energy 37 Apply The Power Management Hierarchy Hierarchy Management Power Apply The interventions. prioritise your to configuration for maximum efficiency. maximum for configuration site planning and work towards creating creating towards planning and work site farms generator by fed zones power load demand’ in a ‘by programmed and historic monitoring data to match match to data monitoring and historic capacity load. to generation in the contractor power your Involve data. information Use advancing power standard for data collection, data including: for standard per day, fuel consumption per generator exported and load kWhs run time hours, Ensure energy monitoring is built into is built into monitoring energy Ensure with the power with your the contract on a minimum supplier and insist 4. 3. 2. 1. CONSUMPTION ON SITE ON CONSUMPTION APPROACHES THAT CAN CAN THAT APPROACHES ENERGY REDUCE HELP Energy

e 2 Reduce overall energy energy Reduce overall demand through efficiency Increase design system better e.g. technology Use of new fuels or renewable hybrid 380 million litres • • • 76% 17,300 t CO 7 million litres

ASSOCIATED IMPACTS ASSOCIATED KEY OPPORTUNITIES TO TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY USE AND REDUCE ENERGY YEAR USED BY THE ENTIRE UK ENTIRE THE USED BY EVERY INDUSTRY EVENTS FESTIVALS EVERY YEAR EVERY FESTIVALS FUEL ESTIMATED TOTAL TOTAL ESTIMATED FUEL ESTIMATED TOTAL UK MUSIC USED BY DIESEL USE DIESEL PRODUCED BY UK FESTIVALS UK FESTIVALS BY PRODUCED ONSITE FROM ANNUALLY OF A UK CAMPING FESTIVAL FESTIVAL OF A UK CAMPING CO AMOUNT TOTAL CONTRIBUTES TO THE THE TO CONTRIBUTES FOOTPRINT CARBON ONSITE TYPICAL % THAT ENERGY ENERGY % THAT TYPICAL FOOTPRINTS AND THE FEASIBILITY FEASIBILITY THE AND FOOTPRINTS MEASURES OF REDUCTION USE ON UK FESTIVAL CARBON CARBON FESTIVAL ON UK USE OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF ENERGY ENERGY OF IMPACT THE OF OVERVIEW 38 Energy 39

so we can expect the possibility of stronger incentives (financial or legislation) as government looks to meet the so can expect we looks the possibility or legislation) as government (financial incentives of stronger targets. Act Change Climate from diesel generators to mains grid and/or battery power offers the greatest opportunity for reductions. We are We are opportunityreductions. for greatest the power offers battery mains grid and/or to diesel generators from investment. scale with the right to technologies ready and related on batteries developments market seeing strong carbon, zero on net policy government for NRMM as a priority Change has identified area on Climate Committee Reducing diesel consumption and emissions from energy use should be a key priority for event organisers over the the over organisers priority event use for should be a key energy Reducing diesel consumption and emissions from away and efficiencies, shift the management reductionbetter diesel through use overall Alongside years. next five FUEL USE remains potential sector-wide However, events. 50% at of diesel of up to precedents reductions multiple are There untapped. OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE FOSSIL REDUCE TO OPPORTUNITIES SUMMARY OF FEASIBILITY OF OF FEASIBILITY OF SUMMARY

Energy Resource use and waste 40

Resource use and waste waste

Resource use and and use Resource Impacts and solutions and Impacts Chapter Supported by:Chapter

Resource use and waste Resource use and waste 32 Of course, this doesn’t account for all the account for this doesn’t Of course, 31 kg decision-making, and we can always return to a shared a shared to return can always and we decision-making, and use overall resource reducing to commitment cups). (e.g. reusable on reuse focusing Effective waste management is a multi-faceted problem problem multi-faceted is a management waste Effective all at adopt is best to no one system and unfortunately sites, audience demographics, Different UK festivals. decisions make budgets and available contractors The European confusing. and understandably complex support to can be used as a framework Hierarchy Waste people to do so. We need to shift our view from seeing need shift from our view to people do so. We to to and resources seeing it as materials to as waste, waste reused, recycled otherwise and ideally be used efficiently, or recovered. 4% of UK GHG were waste emissions from Direct 69% by fallen already have emissions in 2017. They reducing tax the landfill by driven since 1990, largely landfill, going to waste of biodegradable the amount at captured of methane in the amount and an increase landfill sites. of and transport in the production emissions created of which – much everything has ended up as waste that outside the UK.comes The carbon from embedded in goods to and services the UK amounts imported into again of domestic emissions. nearly a third 2 per – a 29% reduction from person per day Waste 2014, but still nearly twice as is produced as much householdper waste from person per day https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/

https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-worlds-largest-co2-importers-exporters https://www.overshootday.org/newsroom/country-overshoot-days/

More than half of events reported introducing new measures to reduce to measures new reported introducing than half of events More in 2019 recycling and improve waste 25,800 festivals UK music at is created of waste Tonnes of 250 adult blue whales – the equivalent annually Calculated on the basis of 2016 global biocapacityCalculated and UK ecological footprint. Mapped: the World’s Largest CO2 Importers and Exporters, Carbon CO2 Largest and Exporters, Importers (2017). Brief Mapped: the World’s Net Zero: the UK’s contribution to stopping global warming. Committee on Climate Change (2019). on Climate Committee global warming. stopping to contribution the UK’s Zero: Net level of control over what materials go onto site and what and what site go onto materials what over of control level influence can even come out. streams Events waste can be rules new and set that behaviours people’s than in the wider world. faster adopted services. Through careful planning pre-event, targeted planning pre-event, careful services. targeted Through on site, management waste and effective procurement, a high have (especially ticketed) events those are that Waste remains a persistent and highly visible challenge and highly visible challenge a persistent remains Waste can also act as a microcosm events But events. for of wider society perfectly test placed and are to and systems new solutions and implement innovative WASTE AT OUTDOOR EVENTS AT WASTE But waste is also a design flaw: it means we’re using the is also a designwe’re flaw: it means waste But or recover can’t means we that in a way materials, wrong incentivise doesn’t that them and within a system reuse the resources of 2.7 Earths every year if everyone lived of 2.7 Earths if everyone year every the resources do in the UK. we and consumed like resources toxicity into the environment, pollute ecosystems, and – ecosystems, pollute the environment, into toxicity space. up precious in landfills – takes where need we use and consume less. take to It would Overall, Waste causes emissions (e.g. organic materials in landfill in landfill materials emissions (e.g. organic causes Waste gas), can leach greenhouse a potent methane, produce causes pollution every step of the way. When we throw throw When we of the way. pollutioncauses step every this whole hidden away also throwing are we things away, supply chain. Extracting raw materials, refining, transporting, and and transporting, refining, materials, raw Extracting and energy takes products them into manufacturing of stuff, poor material choice and design, and the weaknesses in how we deal with it all. we deal choiceweaknesses in how and design,and the poor material of stuff, use, land, energy, material of emissions, Everything us has a hidden footprint produced for and labour. water, Waste is the most visible sign of humans’ environmental impact: of our overconsumption impact: of our overconsumption environmental is the most humans’ visible sign of Waste 30. 32. 31. IN SUMMARY IN 42 Resource use and waste 43 33 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/food- Check, clean, repair, refurbish – whole items or spare parts. or spare – whole items refurbish Check, clean, repair, Design disassembly for and re-use. Includes composting. everything can is labelledNot that as ‘recyclable’ the majority or if it is at be facilities of recycled automatically if example - for contaminated too are that streams in waste glued together. materials consistssomething of two or more and materials, organic digestion for Including anaerobic i.e. Waste’ from / ‘Energy recovery with energy incineration is generated burned and the energy are materials where captured.w recovery. without energy Landfill and incineration Use less materials in design and manufacture. Use less materials longer and re-use. for products Keep new. of sourcing Re-use instead or re-purpose materials with lower / materials materials Use less hazardous impacts. environmental • • RECYCLING • • RECOVERY OTHER • ‘DISPOSAL’ • MINIMISATION AND PREVENTION AND MINIMISATION • • • • REUSE FOR) (PREPARING

Statutory Guidance: Food and drink waste hierarchy: deal with surplus and waste food and drink. Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (2018). Affairs Food, and Rural food and drink. Environment, Department and waste deal with surplus for hierarchy: Guidance: Food drink waste and Statutory and-drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and-waste/food-and-drink-waste-hierarchy-deal-with-surplus-and-waste 33. and drink, on which anaerobic digestion is preferred to composting. to digestion preferred is and drink, on which anaerobic apply the Waste Hierarchy when managing and disposing when of resources. Hierarchy apply the Waste foodfor has also developed hierarchy a specificThe UK government waste approaches in order to prioritise less environmentally damaging options. damaging options. prioritise less environmentally to in order approaches to required (2011) all businesses Regulations are Waste Under the UK The European Waste Hierarchy provides a framework for how to to how for a framework provides Hierarchy Waste The European treatment waste ranks and been has treated, waste that describeway the THE WASTE HIERARCHY WASTE THE

Resource use and waste Resource use and waste 2019 2015

34 100 0 08 06 control/reduction of material streams can help reduce can help reduce streams of material control/reduction contamination. can be in conflict. want audiences what Sometimes it with a new replacing by plastic on site Eliminating impact recycling can negatively single-use stream waste single-use and products alternative and, where rates sourced or dealt with appropriately not are materials different collection, actually lead to separate through impacts. environmental 04 02 e e e e al to e & eas eas pe of stiv stand cycling or back achieve ving sit possible re e goes e f s possible to astructur use on sit te or the ty ever to er lea ra of house ar or public ar f ed ds f e they under d aft cycling or wood, infr cycling system in plac plant our wast re 35 eri ed how our wast ensur re e permitt to & decor wher know what kind of rs s ar cycling targets for the fe ve a re We cycling system in plac ed and v ha ader re eams and work with us ck euse policy f set the highest olicies and standar We cycling is manage e str re ve a We ve p ve a r

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Audience Attitudes to Environmental Sustainability. CGA (2019) Sustainability. Environmental to Attitudes Audience Based on a sample size of 4000 from the State of Play: Festivals UK (Ticketmaster 2019) UK (Ticketmaster Festivals of Play: Based the State sample on a of 4000 from size work with our sponso We Powerful Thinking industry green survey, comparison of 2015 to 2019. comparison 2015 to of survey, green industry Thinking Powerful FESTIVAL ORGANISERS FESTIVAL PRACTICES REPORTED BY BY REPORTED PRACTICES WASTE MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT WASTE

Two thirds of festivalgoers rank waste reduction waste rank festivalgoers of thirds Two festivals as a priority for AUDIENCE PERSPECTIVES AUDIENCE due to contamination and confusion as to what goes what as to and confusion contamination due to guidance, and signage, volunteer Better which bin. into Despite what audiences say they want, they experience say audiences on the what Despite bins alone of recycling the provision that shows ground does necessarily rates, not recycling mean improved audiences wanted to see festivals take was to ‘provide ‘provide to was take see festivals to wanted audiences bins’. recycling more In a 2019 survey by CGA on audience attitudes to to attitudes CGA on audience by In a 2019 survey action environmental the top sustainability, environmental 35. 34. improvements’ and ‘variety of activities’ (Ticketmaster State of Play: Festivals UK, 2019). Festivals of Play: and ‘variety State activities’ of (Ticketmaster improvements’ see in to wanted action audiences environmental the top bins’ was recycling more ‘Provide 2019). Sustainability, Environmental to Attitudes 2019 (CGA Audience Two thirds of festivalgoers ranked ‘waste reduction’ as a priority for festivals above ‘security above festivals as a priority for reduction’ ‘waste ranked of festivalgoers thirds Two 44 Resource use and waste 45

gy ner t o E Average Average per waste person UK at per day festivals e t cycling ast Re Land ll Compos W 2kg into account the proportion of rejected waste), and events and events waste), account the proportion of rejected into figures recycling obtain average only able to generally are specific than event figures. their MRF rather from the absence of an a lack of understanding, Additionally, management and waste and suppliers’ industry standard, with good please clients willingness figures to facilities’ is waste much tohow establish it difficult can make and compostedactually being events. recycled at companies, management such as Grist,Some waste can and then also onsite both service waste to be contracted in therefore are They MRF facility. their own process it at in since are they data accurate more provide a position to finish. to site of the whole process from control Recovery Facility (MRF) for recycling (which does not take does (which FacilityRecovery take not (MRF) recycling for by sending significant volumes of residual waste to Energy-from-Waste), while others still send a majority to landfill. On others while Energy-from-Waste), to residual waste sendingvolumesof significant by landfill. to 33% was sent average, Reported end destination by % of total waste figures reported by volume from festivals included in the most recent included festivals in the most reportedby volume from figures waste total % of by Reported end destination (generally zero-waste-to-landfill with some variability achieving benchmark. Bicycle is huge among events, There Julie’s often simply provide the total tonnage sent to a Materials a Materials to sent tonnage the total simply provide often DESTINATION WASTE OF FESTIVAL BREAKDOWN CHART: a challenge in the industry, and it is especially difficult a challenge in the industry, goes onward for recycling on where information get to companies management waste Onsite reprocessing. Events included in the sample a median reported Events 32% in 2014 from of 37% - a small increase rate recycling remains figures recycling reporting accurate – however, house) produced per person per day onsite is around 2kg 2kg house) around is producedper onsite person per day since decrease 2014. – a notable sites. the that estimates Bicycle Julie’s Based data, on recent of house and back of both front (from of waste amount are now visiting their recycling sites to get a better a better get to sites visiting their recycling now are and how their waste happens to of what understanding their leaving the quality of recycling can improve they waste management, with a dramatic increase in the in the increase management, dramatic with a waste of kind what know they reporting that number of events organisers event Many goes to. waste their plant recycling infrastructure. around been has There recognisable in literacy growth of events addressing back-of-house waste separation separation back-of-house waste addressing of events in place putting to are who event and of and recycling, décor set production, and by created waste the reduce Since 2015, a growing number of events are setting and setting and are of events number Since a growing 2015, this Alongside targets. specificrecycling committing to in the proportion has been increase there a significant

Resource use and waste PREVENTION AND REUSE The Show Must Go On report 2015 identified greater adoption of reusable cups and reusables to replace other disposable items as a clear priority for reducing the amount of waste created at festivals. Three in four festivals participating in surveys now use reusable cups – up from half of festivals in 2015. One way to build on this achievement will be to maximise the number of times cups are used – for example, using cups that are used across multiple years for the same event, or (even better) using generic unbranded cups across many events.

FRANK WATER CASE STUDIES FRANK Water’s festival refill service

In 2020, FRANK Water charity will celebrate their 10th year refilling at UK music festivals. Since 2010, FRANK estimates they have delivered their refill service at 77 different festivals, serving over 600,000 refills (or 300,000 litres) of filtered, chilled water.

Summer 2019 saw the charity refilling at 15 UK music festivals including Love Saves The Day, Shambala & Camp Bestival. Over the Summer, 182 volunteers served a total of 169,152 x 500ml refills, potentially saving the same number of single-use plastic bottles from being sent to landfill or recycled!

“FRANK Water is part of our festival experience. We don’t bring water, but pay for a bottle on day one and refill all weekend with lovely chilled, filtered water. We stay hydrated, create no waste and get to chat to the lovely, bright & friendly staff. Thank you!” - Rachel, Katy, Imogen & Pip at End of The Road.

46 FIRE IN THE CASE STUDIES MOUNTAIN Reusable plates at Fire in the Mountain 2000-capacity festival Fire in the Mountain has successfully trialled a re-use model for serve-ware, serving all food on ‘real’ plates Credit - Adam Tatton-Reid and cutlery and operating dishwashing on site, with positive responses from audience and traders. HAY FESTIVAL In 2018 Hay Festival trialled a new, reusable hot drinks cup which resulted in a huge reduction in waste – from 350 wheelie bins full of disposable coffee cups down to just 25. THE GREEN In 2019 they introduced a deposit scheme for cups and glasses running across the festival site to make further waste reductions GATHERING – the result was another 56% decrease in The Green Gathering run a donation-based cup waste - down to just 11 wheelie bins crockery-hire-and-washing service called of compostable coffee cups and a 48% Crock N Rock. In 2019 this expanded to a decrease in plastics and cans from 2017. The service providing real crockery to the festival cup deposit scheme along with a tougher food stalls, resulting in a considerable regime on waste across the site led to a reduction of disposable serveware. All crew 25% decrease in general unrecyclable waste catering operations at the event use re- in 2019 compared to 2018. useable serveware.

RAW BOTTLES RAW Bottles & RAW Foundation help festivals phase out single-use plastics

RAW Bottles is the sister company to RAW Foundation, the charity that partnered with the Association of Independent Festivals (AIF) on the 2018 ‘Drastic On Plastic’ Campaign. RAW provided the ‘Drastic On Plastic’ Action Pack to inspire industry change toward a ‘pointless plastic-free’ world, leading to over 60 AIF member festivals pledging to eliminate single-use plastic at their events by 2021.

47 Resource use and waste

37 Tents, gazebos and cable ties Tents, bags Refuse Live Nation owned and operated festivals, venues, venues, festivals, owned and operated Nation Live end the sale single-use of to clubs, and theatres a minimum also 2021. They implemented plastics by PET) (recycled water of rPET content 30% recycled in 2019. festivals bottles at of policies in 2019, a range implemented Glastonbury including banning single-use bottles plastic drinks and areas, including backstage the whole site across all food service that disposablesmandating including paper, be from made to lids are drinks and hot straws wood, and be fully compostable. or leaves card, miniatures and travel care Personal and laminating Signage, stickers items Promotional • • • • • • https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/ https://aiforg.com/initiatives/drastic-on-plastic/ BBC series BBC Blue Planet 36

microplastic pollution in the environment and on festival and on festival pollution in the environment microplastic that is an eco-friendly Bioglitter™ sites! brand glitter certifiedTÜV plastic free, first the world’s has created – glitter and verifiedbiodegradable microplastic-free damaging the without sparkle help festival-goers to the full case study Read environment. BIOGLITTER with Bioglitter™ sparkle festival Guilt-free of plastic and is a cause made from is traditionally Glitter

Cups, plates, cutlery, food containers food containers cutlery, Cups, plates, and stirrers Straws and clothing dress Badges and wristbands Fancy glitter announced in 2019, includes a global target for all for announced in 2019, includes a global target bottles and drinks Water AIF’s Drastic on Plastic campaign commits the more on Plastic campaign commits the more Drastic AIF’s single-use eliminate to than 60 participating festivals 2021 by their sites plastic from charter, environmental Nation Green Nation’s Live

Net Zero: the UK’s contribution to stopping global warming. Committee on Climate Change (2019). on Climate Committee global warming. stopping to contribution the UK’s Zero: Net Drastic On Plastic (DOP): Plastic Free Festivals Guide. AIF & RAW Foundation (2018). Foundation & RAW Guide. AIF On Plastic (DOP): Festivals Plastic Free Drastic 36.

37. KEY RESOURCE: MAKING WAVES GUIDE GUIDE WAVES MAKING RESOURCE: KEY FREE FESTIVALS PLASTIC TO • • • • PLASTICS TO ELIMINATE: TO PLASTICS • • In response, festivals have made key commitments to to commitments made key have In response, festivals plastic waste: address nearly half of which is packaging. nearly half of which about the global impacts of awareness a wave II sparked of plastic pollution. PLASTIC PLASTIC tonnesyear, plastic each of The UK uses million five SPOTLIGHT ON TACKLING SINGLE-USE SINGLE-USE ON TACKLING SPOTLIGHT

CASE STUDIES 48 CASE STUDIES 49 on your skin, other fabric wristbands can be a little itchy. We often have customers who can’t wear who can’t customers have often We be can a little itchy. wristbands fabric other on your skin, cause, but this year these they same the irritation people due to the wristbands wearing loved the Nordic.” bamboo from wristbands Administrator Greenbelt Festival Hannah Burns, “Working with Nordic on our wristbands this year was brilliant, from start to finish. They were were They finish. to start this year brilliant, was from on our wristbands Nordic with “Working for us. find the deal best to super their way helpful during the processour design out of and went of which is soft incredibly on the skin, The bamboo are we receivedThey wristbands beautiful! were like our festival-goers of Many so striking. all looked and they colours multiple ordered We great. had his who still them recently one of the year and I met too on throughout their wristband keep to are niceon - he said, they had!” Everyone you’ve enjoyed how “these ever the best wristbands are Nordic worked closely with Greenbelt to find the product that met their requirements, exploring different exploring different requirements, their met that find the product closely with Greenbelt to worked Nordic personalise bands. Greenbelt the chose and and options to of clasps Bamboo a range material materials, plastic-free solution. a completely clasps for aluminum designs.were The bands with screen-printed colours produced in six different 17,000 wristbands Nordic than plastic ones comfortable and more fully secure, Nordic Wristbands introduces Eco range at Greenbelt Festival 2019 Greenbelt Festival at range introduces Eco Wristbands Nordic organisers many use single plastic, but like be from truly free on a mission to are Greenbelt Festival to Wristbands Nordic encouraged They for wristbands. sound option find a environmentally struggled to the wristbands in time for sourced bamboo, of responsibly Eco hemp and cotton range a new develop 2019 event. NORDIC WRISTBANDS NORDIC

Resource use and waste Resource use and waste recycling, or incineration. recycling, Carbon emissions from its production (and transport). transport). (and production its Carbonfrom emissions waste be in the right captured it is to likely How (e.g. deposit infrastructure and what on site, stream to etc) is in place bins, staffing schemes, volunteers this happen. make – in landfill, the event it will end up after Where ] This poses a challenge because the Carbon Trust estimates that the current average can in average the current that estimates ] This poses a challenge because the Carbon Trust field, with competing claims from different interest groups interest different field, with competing from claims other answers, no straightforward are and suppliers: there reduction an overall aiming for reuse; than a priority for of forms or smaller lighter use (through in material materials for and bulk serving); a preference packaging waste our onsite and ensuring content; with a % recycled on site. the materials designed to according are streams to streams material new significant When introducing this should be with in consultation done site, an event appropriate ensure to company, management the waste is available. processing or infrastructure recycling of factors, choice dependsThe ‘best’ on a range material including: • • • https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-environment-plastic-aluminium-insight/plastic-bottles-vs-aluminium-cans-wholl-win-the-

https://www.green-alliance.org.uk/losing_the_bottle_methodology.php ] 39 events. They have pledge to eliminate single-use eliminate pledge to have They events. 2020 and supply chain by operations plastics from guide to a transformation created 2022 and have by suit. follow organisations help other single-use plastics and bar management provide Bar Nation In and events. venues festivals, for consultancy deliver Plastic to partnered with Less 2019 they single-use reduce to their commitment plastics at BARNATION eliminate pledge to Bar Nation Losing the Bottle, Green Alliance (2019) Green the Bottle, Losing Plastic bottles vs aluminium cans: who will win the global water fight? Reuters (2019) Reuters fight? aluminium cans:Plastic bottles vs who will win the global water Europe accounts for around twice the greenhouse gases of a PET plastic bottle, although there is scope to decrease this by using hydropower to manufacture cans and further increase the rate of recycled of recycled cans and further the rate increase manufacture to using hydropower is scope twice decrease this by plastic bottle, gases although there the greenhouse around to accounts of a PET for Europe content. global-water-fight-idUKKBN1WW0JQ 38. 39. tandem with carbon emissions. This is a rapidly evolving evolving tandem with carbon emissions. This is a rapidly environmental perceptions and demands, and being perceptions environmental associated burdens conscious of the environmental plastic pollution need in we address with alternatives: to chosen. of these need we be aware to community, a festival As a balance between and strike meeting audience risks the environmental burden elsewhere, especially elsewhere, where burden the environmental collection and treatment and waste recycling appropriate materials the substitute in place for not are systems pressure’ from the public to address plastic pollution, address to the public from pressure’ of forms other to plastic packaging from away moving of simply shifting single-use high risks carriers packaging The 2020 Green Alliance report ‘Plastic Promises:The 2020 Green what doing about packaging’ sector is really the grocery under ‘significant although companies that are highlights plastic bottle consumption – and many alternatives on the alternatives plastic bottle consumption – and many of plastic.38 some still contain amounts market that plastic alternatives including aluminium, glass, and plastic alternatives that impacts, all come environmental cartons their own with volumes similar as current to especially if their use grows with other typeswith other of single-use disposable. we why the Bottle: 2019 report ‘Losing Alliance’s Green highlights water’ need for use single containers don’t While plastic bans are an obvious step towards addressing events’ contribution to the plastic the plastic to contribution events’ addressing towards step an obvious bans are plastic While bullet, silver especially if single-use an environmental not are plastic is replaced crisis, they

CASE STUDIES 50 Resource use and waste

CASE STUDIES 51

We Love Green in France has long focused on reducing in France Green Love We holds The event décor. impact of its set the environmental submit their ideas to designers competition for an annual sustainability criteria. is a core in which environmental Experience(GEX) Europe Europe The Green is a Creative 2019, bringing co-funded in late launched project Boom (Belgium), Dour Green, Festival Love We together A Greener (Slovakia), (Portugal), Festival Pohoda Festival The network Group. Operations and the Green Festival, of eco-designed on circularity will focus scenography, decor and sustainable food. site. site. One step Clear messaging recycle. help audiences can the bins: help at Friends to volunteers allocate further is to Electric Picnic at bin guardians of the Earth volunteer 9%. by recycling helped increase to use polyethylene-lined Republic paper at cups Festival to a deposit system and operate some of their events send to in order stream waste these as a separate capture processing a specialist and reduce facility them to waste recycling. of other contamination to sortingway is the most volunteer effective Onsite accurate to gather and rates recycling raising significantly and calls this ‘deep-recycling’ Gathering The Green data. in 2019. and compostingachieved 73% recycling rates items rates, recycling with exceptional festivals at Even can such as abandoned set furnishings and decorations of general tonnage proportion by a substantial account for with events for can be exacerbated This problem waste. of individually managed stages, numbers or events large themselves pride décor on their set that and production.

resonate beyond the event. In 2019, ECC delivered delivered beyond the event. In 2019, ECC resonate including of UK events, a range across 30 activations and the 2000trees Fair, Boomtown Download Festival, series. event Mudder endurance Tough inspiring drink can recycling at UK events at inspiring drink can recycling with UK events work (ECC) Can Counts Every people engage to with drink can and festivals recycling creating by in a meaningful way recycling overall festivalgoers’ both add to that ‘activations’ experience messages and deliver event that EVERY CAN CAN EVERY COUNTS and Can Counts: activating Every

introduce additional waste streams and segregation on and segregation streams additional waste introduce distinguish from regular plastic. regular distinguish from engaged or those audiences with more who Festivals and support in engagement can more invest able to are Bioplastics such as PLA can cause contamination contamination Bioplastics such as PLA can cause to hard are industry as they in the recycling problems Festivalgoers should be encouraged to ‘When in doubt, should be to encouraged Festivalgoers other contaminate to so not recycling it out’ from leave streams. Festivals with low recycling rates should focus on streams streams on should focus rates recycling with low Festivals and process, such as PET identify easiest to are that bottles and aluminium cans. bin types or colour codes for materials. Understandably, bin types Understandably, or colour codes materials. for put to confused waste with what are and crew audiences bin. in what The UK’s waste sector is fragmented, with different with different sector is fragmented, waste The UK’s is no There streams. waste councils accepting different about contractors waste or event events across uniformity on what material streams we bring into events in the first in the first events bring into we streams material on what place. want to maintain the 50% recycling target for 2025, for target the 50% recycling maintain to want Along with 2020. should be 30% from achieving events focusing need we continue to rates, recycling increasing more difficult to achieve higher recycling rates, because recycling higher achieve to difficult more is actually that waste the proportion of the remaining be less. If we to is likely remains what from recyclable are already surpassing the 50% target set by Festival Festival set by surpassing the 50% target already are Vision 2025. it can make reuse shifting and to waste Reducing overall There is a wide range of recycling rates between events, rates of recycling is a wide range There while others less achieving than 5% recycling with many RECYCLING

Resource use and waste Resource use and waste into products such as decking and furniture. such as decking products into called Stormboard, 2019, a local enterprise Glastonbury At and the stations filling Water-Aid the toilets, created hoarding plastic non-recyclable Shangri-la stage from festival made from not Although theseboards. were opens an opportunity their technology waste, for festival circular into materials hard-to-recycle incorporating infrastructure. or will is having, is some concern incineration that There as it requires rates impact on recycling a negative have, sense, and in that less it than effort could segregation, overall. waste reduce to deincentivise measures

looking to divert waste from landfill. from divert waste looking to The Energy from Waste sector has grown significantly over over significantly has grown sector Waste from The Energy councils and businesses by driven the past decade, largely Some events are achieving Zero Waste to Landfill by Landfill to Waste Zero achieving are Some events (EfW). Waste from Energy create to waste sending residual DISPOSAL OTHER RECOVERY AND AND RECOVERY OTHER For example, TerraCycle’s Zero Waste Boxes® can collect Boxes® Waste Zero TerraCycle’s example, For festivals single-use of at commonly found streams items and turn them cable ties, etc. wristbands, cigarettes, like financially viable and can be collected as a separate waste waste can financially viable and be collected as a separate stream. Every material has the potential to be recycled (or down- be recycled to has the potential material Every this whether product; another however, into cycled) it is whether comes or not to down happens in practice NEXT LEVEL RECYCLING LEVEL NEXT Daniel Farrell 52 Resource use and waste 53 and 41 The plants generally use generally The plants 44 They were able to offer the audience compost made from the festival’s festival’s audience the compost the made from offer able to were They 45 can technically break down in both In-Vessel Composting (IVC) in both down In-Vessel break can technically 40 - but it is often identified as a contaminant sent to be incinerated in Energy from Waste (EfW)Waste from Energy in to be incinerated sent a as identified contaminant - but it is often 42

The in-vessel composting process mixes organic material, including food waste and compostable packaging, under strictly controlled environmental conditions within a sealed and fully enclosed and compostable environmental strictly controlled under food including packaging, waste The in-vessel composting material, process organic mixes This process tank called happens in a sealed, an in the absence of oxygen oxygen-free biogas produce and biofertiliser. to animal or food down waste digestionprocess is the of breaking Anaerobic 2013) with compostable in closed (Wrap and packaging products events Working & REA) (ADBA England action plan for recycling Food waste technology compostingFast Ecocreation machine by For compost products, acceptable standards are EN 13432 , EN 14995 or ASTM D6400 . For making digestate products acceptable standards are BS EN 13432, DIN V 54900 or ASTM D6400 BS EN 13432, DIN V 54900 or ASTM are acceptable products standards digestate making D6400 . For EN 13432 , EN 14995 or ASTM compostFor are acceptable products, standards purpose-built bunker. purpose-built bunker. digester. anaerobic 45. 41. 42. 43. 44. 40. commercial food waste. Animal products in compost can breed dangerous pathogens, making it essential to seek it essential to compost in making pathogens, Animal products can breed dangerous food waste. commercial safety. and for support complying with regulations both for professional waste – packaged as ‘black gold’ with seeds for growing – as a souvenir before the end of the festival in exchange for for in exchange the end of the festival – as a souvenir before as ‘black gold’ with seeds – packaged growing waste for donations. handling for of the licenses compost or locally required need be recycle onsite aware to to like would that Festivals ‘Into The Great Wide Open’ festival (ITGWO) in the Netherlands used a rapid composting composted used that in the Netherlands food technology a rapid (ITGWO) festival Wide Open’ The Great ‘Into and compostable in 24 hours. food packaging evolves with the supply of new materials on the market. These composting sites are initially hesitant to work with front- work These to initially hesitant on the market. composting are sites materials with the supply of new evolves and the competency prove can incrementally festivals However high risk of contamination. due to waste of-house festival start. place to back of house is a great IN COMPOSTING INNOVATIONS FESTIVAL International Book Festival, 22 x 240L worth and 100% sent Book of compostables collected Festival, the 17-day event daily over were International in-vessel composting.for infrastructure as the waste had 23 composting is growing the UK and this number across partners In 2019, Vegware Compostable packaging manufacturer, Vegware offer a ‘closed-loop’ system that promises collaboration between the collaboration promises that ‘closed-loop’system a offer Vegware Compostable manufacturer, packaging the 2019 Edinburgh at example, For compost in a closed and composter collector to packaging system. manufacturer, house of events, as it is technically difficult to remove non-compostable remove keep the biodegradable to and just difficult as it is technically contaminants house of events, and sends food waste Glastonbury’s sorts manually through Critical Waste contractor Waste and food waste. packaging all their compostable a local including PLA lined IVC. cups to packaging COMPOSTING CLOSED-LOOP IVC offers a solution for composting dry food containers and wooden utensils and was the opted technology for the 2012 technology for compostingwoodenwas the opted fooda and and solution dry utensils containers offers IVC and mechanically manually - which removed was 34% of contamination contamination. Olympic games, with a 2% target the front-of- from directly accept food to waste hesitant very are perspective. IVCs into events puts the challenge for IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING (IVC) COMPOSTING IN-VESSEL AD plants must operate with near 0% contamination, which is very difficult to achieve at events. at to achieve difficult which is very with near 0% contamination, operate must plants AD out compostable and cups, plates also separates – a process that contaminants out any separate a de-packing machine to EfW. to then sent which are ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (AD) DIGESTION ANAEROBIC Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Anaerobic facilities. ‘COMPOSTABLE’ PACKAGING PACKAGING ‘COMPOSTABLE’ with compostable certificationPackaging ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, AND AND DIGESTION, ANAEROBIC SPOTLIGHT ON COMPOSTING, ON COMPOSTING, SPOTLIGHT

Resource use and waste GRIST ENVIRONMENTAL CASE STUDIES Grist Environmental recycles and diverts waste from landfill for all events in 2019 Grist Environmental works with festivals and and recycling of waste materials and the diversion events to help them improve sustainability through of non-recyclable and contaminated waste from the effective management of waste. In 2019 they landfill. worked with events such as Camp Bestival, End In 2019 Grist worked with event clients to of the Road and Larmer Tree Festival to increase implement back of house systems to reduce the recycling rates and divert landfill destined waste to contamination of the waste collected in order to energy recovery – in each case recycling 57-59% improve recyclability. Segregating glass, food and of all waste sorted, and recovering the remaining cardboard resulted in an immediate increase in the waste. quantity and quality of recyclable waste streams. Grist know that the waste management process Grist are now working with the industry to tackle requires event organisers, waste contractors and the issue of food waste contaminating recyclable the public to act together: To achieve this they work material at events. Finding an effective front of closely with event organisers to encourage the use house food waste collection system that can be of recyclable materials from the outset and to help adopted across the industry would dramatically set up onsite waste segregation systems that are increase recycling rates. Segregating food waste designed to reduce the contamination of recyclable reduces contamination and increases the quality materials. Grist offer efficient waste collection and and quantity of recycling and also produces transportation with an added secondary sorting energy (electricity and syngas) through anaerobic of collected waste streams leading to the re-use digestion.

54 Resource use and waste 55 was a 200-volunteer team of ‘Eco- warriors’ who engaged of ‘Eco- warriors’ team a 200-volunteer was and reuse. recycle to in the campsites with audiences left climactic ending the message ‘Leave The festival’s from down went abandonment a result, As tent no trace’. in one year, 22% in 2019, a 50% decrease 44% in 2018 to weather. worse despite acid rain. Modern incinerators successfully the HCl filter Modern incinerators acid rain. to make the flue-gas it with an alkali from by neutralising these two a solid The process by-product. of incinerating resources than the more significantly requires products the by- make to household waste of general incineration to legal levels. ash, flue gas) (bottom safe products in reduction an observable was a result,As there a 50% showing Festival Reading abandoned tents, 2017. left to compared of tents in the amount decrease of their made sustainability the forefront Boomtown participating in in 2019 with artists’ and actors’ storyline There messaging in a fun way. environmental spreading believe this are four times more likely to leave their leave to likely times more four believe this are the the cost behind. is that of recycling The reality tent it and created, outweighs the value in tents materials left tonnage annual the large recycle to feasible is not behind end up in landfill – so almost all abandoned tents up to that estimates Comp-A-Tent or energy-from-waste. abandoned in fields can be back sourced tents of a third as ‘festival cheap tents who market two major retailers to tents’. not are that is made of materials Camping equipment fabric The polyester incineration. suitable for really retardant in fire usedvalue, is coated calorific has a low tent poles abandoned from chemicals, and the glass fibre is incombustible ash. and left as bottom which, when PVC made from are mattresses Inflatable to (HCl), a contributor Acid Hydrochloric burned, creates

46 https://aiforg.com/initiatives/take-your-tent-home/

Take Your Tent Home. AIF (2019) Home. AIF Tent Your Take 46. environmental pledges that were amalgamated into three three into amalgamated pledges were that environmental with the the festival, at videos, on each day one shown home. tents video on taking focusing Sunday problem. problem. Goer Festival Waste 2019 Zero Republic’s Festival to take artists goers, and staff festival campaign enlisted among its 60+ member festivals to tap into public concern tap into to among its 60+ member festivals 8,750 about to single-use one tent compared plastic. They the visualise help audiences and quantify to plastic straws PRECEDENTS AND CAMPAIGNS AND PRECEDENTS Single No To Home – Say Tent Your 2019 ‘Take The AIF’s messaging audience coordinate to Use’ campaign worked recycling and campsite practice in certain campsite areas, and working to foster a sense of community. a sense of community. foster to and working in certain areas, practice campsite and campsite recycling improve the overall audience experience. New companies such as MyCause allow festivals to out-source the management the management out-source to experience. companies festivals New audience allow MyCause such as the overall improve of eco-bond systems. or eco-camps campsites better commit to voluntarily also become‘Green’ to audiences allowing have widespread, Eco-bond incentives, usually set in the region of £10 for returning a bag of recycling and general waste, have become have waste, and general a bag of recycling returning Eco-bond of £10 for in the region usually set incentives, - and can also clean up during the event and campsite rates recycling improve They campsites. event at widely adopted audiences believe tents are recyclable – and those who recyclable are believeaudiences tents CAMPSITES AT LITTERING AND RECYCLING estimates only up to 10% of tents are salvaged – less are at 10% of tents only up to estimates events. many 36% of festival that shows research Comp-a-Tent’s to charity (39% of people). In reality, due to the time due to charity (39% of people).to In reality, resources human the of clearing a field and constraints & Distribution Reclamation Waste Festival requirement, In Festival Republic’s 2017 customer survey that went out went that survey 2017 customer Republic’s In Festival people their for leaving reason the top seven festivals, to believed they behind be it would that was donated tent There is a persistent misconception most abandoned that is a persistent There this advocate should not Festivals charity. go to tents abandonment. message further tent it can encourage as tents can be up to 77%. Comp-A- Tent estimated that that estimated Tent 77%. Comp-A- can be up to tents UK festivals abandoned at year every are 250,000 tents 900T of waste. over to contributing Compostable tent manufacturer Comp-A-Tent has been Comp-A-Tent manufacturer Compostabletent capacity audience 50,000+ multiple collecting at data of abandoned the rate that and has found festivals In 2018, the Association of Independent Festivals In 2018, the Association Festivals of Independent its member 10% of people events that reported attending season. festival year’s that during had left behind a tent WHERE DO TENTS GO? DOWHERE TENTS Campsite waste and abandoned camping gear remain a challenge for many outdoor events, events, outdoor many for a challenge and abandoned camping gear remain waste Campsite left behind by tents the number of in reduction’s steep achieve 2019 sawalthough some events audiences. SPOTLIGHT ON CAMPSITE WASTE WASTE ON CAMPSITE SPOTLIGHT Resource use and waste Contractually oblige concessions and contractors to to concessions oblige and contractors Contractually offices, from and materials streams waste segregate and compounds. bars kitchens, instruct their crew contractors cleaning Demand that during litter-picking. recyclables segregate to • •

2012 they have prevented 1,000 tents from going from 1,000 tents prevented have 2012 they 4,500 – over out saving landfill, and hired to needing one. Read buy a new from to campers the case study. Camplight’s circular economy economy circular Camplight’s waste campsite solution to left waste campsite is a response to Camplight turn abandoned They tents UK events. behind at them usable and rent camping equipment into option. Since as a pre-pitched festival-goers to CAMPLIGHT campaigns and communications that start from the start that from campaigns and communications buy their ticket. they moment segregating for signed clearly bin systems Provide of house and back of both front source, at materials support to people the house. in making Use volunteers bin choice. right Work with contractors and concessions limit the to with contractors Work waste into introduced and materials number of items reuse and focusing on by place the first in streams commonly used for requirements setting clear material disposables. change through in behavior festivalgoers Engage

• • • INCREASE RECYCLING INCREASE HELP REDUCE WASTE AND AND WASTE REDUCE HELP APPROACHES THAT CAN CAN THAT APPROACHES

CASE STUDIES 56 CASE STUDIES 57 Matt Eachus - Latitude Festival Eachus Matt

from the previous year. the previous from levy on single-use cups to encourage them to bring them to on single-uselevy encourage cups to bins so use cups dedicated to and asked their own, in the UK facilities one of the few could be to sent process polymer-linedable to paper cups. In 2018, cups were than 12,000 disposablemore drinks hot 50% of over – an increase recycling for captured FESTIVAL Own Cup’ initiative Your a ‘Bring in 2018 introduced drinks 30,000 hot the estimated help reduce to a charged cups used were the event. Audiences at SHAMBALA artists with reusable bottles available for sale the at for artists bottles with reusable available sold had a stands, all bottledmerchandise water and soft drinks content of 30% recycled minimum dispensed post mix dispense from units or cans. of single use plastic in a reduction This resulted half. bottles by Single use plastic bottles reduced by Republic & Festival Nation Live half at in 2019. events a implemented Republic & Festival Nation Live single use plastic policy in 2019. This included a and audience, crew at the campaign directed refill LIVE NATION NATION LIVE & FESTIVAL REPUBLIC Boomtown Fair’s Chapter 11 in 2019 saw a surge 11 in 2019 saw a surge Chapter Fair’s Boomtown responsibility taking for of citizens in the number - with home & equipment their tents taking In their new waste. in campsite a 50% reduction with worked they camping area waste’ ‘zero a achieve Recovery Solutions to Environmental 2018. to compared 90% reduction BOOMTOWN BOOMTOWN waste cut campsite Boomtown 50% in 2019 by PRECEDENTS

Resource use and waste CASE STUDIES

DGTL FESTIVAL DGTL Festival in the Netherlands has produced a ‘material flow analysis’ to better understand resource flows and specific opportunities to divert resources from ending up as waste. To do this they worked with consultancy Metabolic to collect detailed information about material types and waste streams entering and leaving the festival. They also engage audiences in a ‘resource street’ at the event, where people can watch waste being sorted and segregated, and experiment with new technologies like plastic pyrolysis.

OVERVIEW OF POTENTIAL FOR REDUCTIONS The key ambitions of Defra’s 2019 Waste Strategy are: In its Net Zero report to the government, the Committee on Climate Change proposes the following, more ambitious, • Work towards zero food waste to landfill by 2030 targets: • Recycle 65% of municipal waste by 2035 • A 20% reduction in avoidable food waste by 2025 • Work towards eliminating all biodegradable waste from • Eliminate key biodegradable waste (food, paper, card) going to landfill by 2035 from being sent to landfill by 2025 at the latest • Work towards zero avoidable waste by 2050 • Recycle 70% of municipal waste by 2025 or earlier

58 Resource use and waste 59 landfill Reduce the amount of Reduce the amount and resources materials consumed and reduce waste on with a focus overall, foodwaste avoidable reducing for re-useIncrease rates materials reusableIntroduce cups and in reuse audiences Engage , especially initiatives recycling bottles and bringing refillable their tents. hanging on to biodegradable Eliminate especially food,waste, to sent • • • • • 24% 5,500 tonnes 25,800 tonnes E 2

REDUCE WASTE AND AND REDUCE WASTE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED KEY OPPORTUNITIES TO TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY GENERATED BY FESTIVALS FESTIVALS BY GENERATED ANNUALLY ANNUALLY DUE TO WASTE DUE TO ANNUALLY OF WASTE AMOUNT TOTAL TOTAL AMOUNT OF CO AMOUNT TOTAL FESTIVALS BY PRODUCED FOOTPRINT OF A CAMPING OF A CAMPING FOOTPRINT FESTIVAL CONTRIBUTES TO TO CONTRIBUTES CARBON ONSITE THE TYPICAL % THAT WASTE WASTE THAT % TYPICAL REDUCTION MEASURES REDUCTION ON UK CAMPING FESTIVAL CARBON CARBON FESTIVAL UK CAMPING ON OF FEASIBILITY THE AND FOOTPRINTS OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF WASTE WASTE OF IMPACT THE OF OVERVIEW Resource use and waste

across all events that offer camping. offer that all events across The 2019 season has seen notable progress in tackling campsite waste that has often exceeded festival organisers organisers exceeded has often festival that waste campsite in tackling The 2019 season has seen progress notable shift a culture help cement to further engagement expectations: audience needs be through this momentum captured to landfill offers a clear opportunity to reduce GHG emissions for all types of event. Continuing to improve recycling rates rates recycling a clear opportunity to improve for all reduce types GHG emissions to event.landfill offers of Continuing processing, the extraction, supply chain, from in the further upstream GHG emissions from reduce means helping to materials. raw of and manufacturing refining, community. Interventions like reusable cups are now tried and tested and offer opportunities to build on other reuse opportunitiesother to build on and offer tried now and tested cups are reusable like Interventions community. initiatives. being to sent waste biodegradable food and other on eliminating focusing use overall, resource Alongside reducing OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE WASTE REDUCE TO OPPORTUNITIES events the results across measurable and significant shown have in the past 5 years initiatives reduction Waste SUMMARY OF FEASIBILITY OF OF FEASIBILITY OF SUMMARY 60 Resource use and waste 61

Resource use and waste 62

FOOD

63 Food Impacts and solutions and Impacts FOOD Scenarios 54

55 https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-technical-report/ The Economist declared veganism as one of the trends declared veganismThe Economist as one of the trends in 2019’ outlook, and it’s in its ‘The World look for to becoming plant-based see diets signs of more to easy ‘Grocer’ for A 2018 survey magazine found mainstream. (vegetarian, eaters non-meat of people 12.5% that were vegan, or pescatarian) highest – the proportion was for to 12.5% of respondents women. those under 35 and for also themselves identified survey as a 2018-19 Waitrose than half of them saidvegan or vegetarian, although more meat. did sometimesthey A further eat 21% described themselves as ‘flexitarian’. small based on relatively were Although these surveys alsoretail seensamples, a trend in the do reflect they vegan dedicated and more which is launching sector, in these growth and seeing vegetarian offerings strong in 2019 UK plant- report that Mintel example, For areas. based since 2015, while milk sales a third by increased the milk sales 5% over just over ‘traditional’ by increased same period. The Committee on Climate Change has identified a shift identified Change has on Climate The Committee lamb, with less consumption healthier diets of beef, to shift that as an importantand dairy products cultural zero its net reaching the UK to is needed contribute to gas emissions target. greenhouse scenarios model a fifth these in achieving targets Key planting, tree land shifting to agricultural of the UK’s – underpinned by restoration and peatland crops, energy in food waste. and reductions healthier diets changes in consumer more with higher ambition require shifts in diet. and faster behavior has beenhuge there boom a in years, In the past five impacts of about the environmental public awareness and or grown, raised choose we eat, it’s what how to where. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/ https://foodsource.org.uk/23-carbon-footprinting-based-lca-approach-focuses-only-greenhouse-gas-emissions https://foodsource.org.uk/chapters/3-food-systems-greenhouse-gas-emissions

2 52

emissions. There are also CO are emissions. There 2

Food Systems and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Food Climate Research Network Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate Gas Emissions. and Greenhouse Food Systems Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate the foodGreenhouse Gases system. arising from Change (2019) on Climate Committee Global Warming. Stopping to Contribution The UK’s Zero: Net Report (2019) Change Technical on Climate Committee Global Warming. Stopping to Contribution The UK’s Zero: Net for nature for boundaries so that we can feedboundaries nearly 10 billion we so that space 2050 – while still maintaining people by that works both within planetary, and health both within planetary, works that We need to transform our food system into one into our food system need transform to We giving more power to local producers. Out of these Out local three, producers. power to giving more most opportunitiesfor habits offers changing dietary a difference. make to organisers event These changes of will need happen in terms to production habits changeslevel, in dietary at efficiencies and socio-economic consumption level at shifts such as health boundaries can feed we nearly 10 billion so that nature spacepeople for while still maintaining 2050 – by species.and non-human it means we have produced more food than would produced more have it means we our food need transform to beotherwise We necessary. and both within planetary, works one that into system in the workforce and the displacement of people and the displacement and loss in the workforce of access land as a resource. to all of these issues because exacerbates Food waste deforestation, the catastrophic biodiversity loss we are biodiversity loss are we the catastrophic deforestation, of fish us, overfishingseeing and the depletion all around rights plus the social human justice issues around stocks, Our food systems also have significant impacts beyond significant also have Our food systems run- agricultural emissions including: pollution from desertification, degradation, soil availability, water off, emissions in the later stages of the food system, from the from stages of the food system, emissions in the later and fuel use in foodfossil processing, transport, storage refrigeration. fields – and nitrous oxide (N2O) from fertilized soil and oxide (N2O) from fields – and nitrous said, agriculture That land use change for animal manure. of CO is a big source most important greenhouse gases from the food system most important the food system gases greenhouse from cattle, like livestock ruminant (CH4) methane – from are in flooded as rice as well sheep grown and goats, paddy the agricultural production stage. production the agricultural CO where of the economy, sectors most other Unlike the emissions, fuels dominates burning of fossil the from land is managed, emissions arising directly from livestock and crops, fertilisers, processing,fertilisers, and crops, livestock land is managed, from emissions arising directly emissions occur The majority at food of transport, related and waste. packaging, retail storage, Greenhouse gas emissions are produced at every stage of food production: including the way food stage of the way including production: produced every Greenhouse are gas emissions at 50. 47. 48. 49. IN SUMMARY IN 64 FOODResource use and wate 65 54 52 https://foodsource.org.uk/chapters/5-food-systems-contributions-other-environmental- 55 CROPLANDS COVER 12-14% 12-14% COVER CROPLANDS ICE-FREE WORLD’S OF THE LAND. 85% ARE FISHERIES OF GLOBAL FISHED OR FULLY NOW OVEREXPLOITED. 12-14% https://foodsource.org.uk/chapters/3-food-systems-greenhouse-gas-emissions 51 https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/technical-summary/ https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/technical-summary/ 53 http://www.wrap.org.uk/food-drink

IPCC Special Report: Climate Change and Land, Technical Summary (2019) IPCC Special Report: Change and Land, Technical Climate Food Systems and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Food Climate Research Network Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate Gas Emissions. and Greenhouse Food Systems IPCC Special Report: Climate Change and Land, Technical Summary (2019) IPCC Special Report: Change and Land, Technical Climate Food and Drink WRAP Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate Problems. Other Environmental to and Contribution Food Systems problems 51.

OF EMISSIONS CAUSED BY HUMANS. BY OF EMISSIONS CAUSED 14.5% TO CONTRIBUTOR SIGNIFICANT MOST THE FAR BY ARE LIVESTOCK 14.5% AROUND EMISSIONS, CONTRIBUTING GHG FOOD-RELATED THE WORLD IS LOST OR IS LOST WORLD THE WASTED. AROUND ONE THIRD OF OF ONE THIRD AROUND FOODIN ALL PRODUCED GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONS ARE ARE GHG EMISSIONS GLOBAL FOOD THE SYSTEM. FROM AN ESTIMATED 21% - 37% OF 21% - 37% ESTIMATED AN 55. 52. 53. 54.

1/3 21- 37%21- FOOD

60 Lastly, Lastly, 59 58 they use in their menus e.g. by blending it with e.g. by usethey in their menus vegetables and vegetable protein. Increasing the number of traders offering plant-based offering of traders the number Increasing menus. serving meat. of traders Reducing the number of meat the amount reduce to with traders Working https://www.caplorhorizons.org/the-commitment • • • salvage scheme, Eighth Plate, estimate that 400 Tonnes 400 Tonnes that estimate Plate, salvage scheme, Eighth every away is thrown waste) campsite of food (excluding of one million meals. – the equivalent UK festivals at year Perhaps even more importantly, we can work through the through can work we importantly, more even Perhaps help support to the our events experience at audience Change shifts on Climate dietary the Committee cultural as has identified being so important: our across precedents In audiences. inspire powercommunity to our huge show on-goingdoing so, can also we reflect shifts in consumer concerns our among and meet growing preferences a 2019 to responding UK residents One in three audiences. reduced the action said had already they on climate survey 12% saying consume, they another with of meat amount do so. plannedthey to can help diet a low-meat to a high-meat Shifting from a third. emissions by people dietary their reduce to comes (post 10% of UK food farm-gate) waste an estimated hospitality from food and food waste service. Festival As events, we can work with our traders and partners to to and partners with our traders can work we events, As this figure. reduce https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/ That means That 56 Of course, as an events as an events Of course, 57 https://www.wwf.org.uk/sites/default/files/2018-03/Food_in_a_warming_world_report.PDF e annually. 2

e per in the UK. person per day 2

8th Plate – A Guide to Collecting Surplus Food From Events: FairShare, NCASS, A Greener Festival A Greener NCASS, FairShare, Collecting Events: Surplus Food – A Guide to From 8th Plate Food in a Warming World. WWF (2018) WWF World. Food in a Warming or day-tickets for Particularly events. from data basednot direct on approximation rough very a Of is 12,885,040. this of course, figure audience day our and kg CO2e day per 5.17 of figure WWF using Calculated Change (2019) on Climate Committee Global Warming. Stopping to Contribution The UK’s Zero: Net day events, not all meals might be eaten on site – and dietary choices at events may differ from ‘average’ days. days. ‘average’ from differ may choices events – and dietary at on site be all meals might eaten not events, day 60. 56. 57. (2019) Horizons The Commitment/Caplor do more. to the UK government want Change: UK Citizens 58. Climate 59. FOOD AT EVENTS FOOD AT beyond the ambition of many event organisers, but there but there organisers, event beyond the ambition of many and dairy consumption meat reduce to ways other are including: onsite by events that have taken this step is that there is a there is that this step taken have that events by the site. food across reduction in waste overall significant be and may is a big step or dairy outright Banning meat In response, festivals and events including Way Out West Out West including Way and events In response, festivals (UK), Shambala (UK),(Sweden), Gathering DGTL Green meat-and-fish- gone entirely have and more, (NL and ES) reported One significant years. many – some for free sheep, goats), followed by other meat including seafood, animal products (eggs, animal products including seafood, while dairy); meat other by followed sheep, goats), impacts. the lowest plant-based foods have MENU CHOICE (cattle, meat ruminant the foods with the highest greenhouse gas emissions are: Generally, GAS EMISSIONS THROUGH THROUGH EMISSIONS GAS REDUCING GREENHOUSE REDUCING outweigh the impact of our direct emissions from waste: waste: emissions from outweigh the impact of our direct is significant. the potential UK average carbon footprint from food per person per day, food per person per from day, carbon footprint UK average in carbon a 10% reduction emissions achieving then even community would the whole event food across from ingredients procured in our supply chains. procured ingredients food from the baseline carbon assume that If we footprint the same as the is roughly an event of someone attending selection of food on offer to audiences at our events by events audiencesat our to selection of food on offer build trust and meet our to closely with traders working the set for we the standards improving and by aspirations, of the world’s food systems: the people our coming food to systems: of the world’s can be. we But might they wherever need eat events to impact of the on minimising the environmental focus the carbon footprint of people eating at events could be events of people at the carbon eating footprint 66,600 t CO up to single-handedly solvecan’t the challenges we community, foodoffer. on food is from the carbon footprint that estimates WWF CO 5.17 kg ever and doesn’t show any signs of slowing down, with event organisers and traders racing to to racing and traders organisers with event down, signs of slowing any show and doesn’t ever quality and variety the of improve concepts to new introduce and experiences, and working The demand for food and drink to be a significant part of the event experience be is bigger than part foodevent a significant to and drink the of for The demand 66 FOOD

CASE STUDIES 67 62 e. 2 in burgers, curries and stews, or using meat only as a only or using meat curries and stews, in burgers, all). at garnish (if menus individual Detailed for food carbon foot-printing the number undertaking due to is complex and events seen a have years although recent involved, of variables carbon and of food number carbon calculators growing community, an events As servicescalculating appear. with these engagement benefitbetter would we from food strategies. future services help inform to – for example, blending meat with vegetables or proteins vegetables with or proteins meat blending example, – for

61 https://eatforum.org/lancet-commission/food-service-professionals/ 63 e. Health https://eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/ 2 https://www.shambalafestival.org/big-news-shambala-has-gone-off-milk/ e compared to the average UK meal of 2 kg CO of 2 kg UK meal the average to e compared 2 The best dish, voted by the audience, was rewarded with a rewarded was the audience, The best by dish, voted fee. on pitch which includes a 10% reduction award, trader PLANET PLATE PLANET CarbonCloud, in 2019 with food carbon calculator Working them to encouraging their traders, out to Shambala reached is responsible a meal that Plate’- ‘One Planet their own create CO 0.5 kg for SHAMBALA’S ONE SHAMBALA’S by almost 5 million litres, and its greenhouse gas emissions by gas emissions by and its greenhouse almost 5 million litres, by 15 t CO an estimated In 2018, Shambala banned the sale of dairy milk in hot drinks In 2018, Shambala banned the sale drinks hot of dairy milk in of alternative a number by replaced Dairy milk was site. across The credentials. their environmental chosenproducts for using dairy that calculate to able was sustainability team footprint water reduced the festival’s drinks in hot alternatives DAIRY-FREE SHAMBALA DAIRY-FREE CarbonCloud’s climate impact calculator CarbonAte to mark to CarbonAte impact calculator climate CarbonCloud’s event at the traders all 400 food options served 100 different by could the event to visitors that labels. This meant with climate see and, if they of everything the carbon on offer footprint smart choices. climate make wished to, CARBON FOOTPRINTS ON FOOTPRINTS CARBON ROSKILDE MENU AT THE with in Denmark worked festival In 2018, Roskilde EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, EAT-Lancet EAT-Lancet Commission Brief for Food Service Professionals (2019) Food Service Commission Brief for Professionals EAT-Lancet Shambala has ‘Gone Off Milk’ (2019) 61. 62. 63. of meat in wealthier countries such as the UK. in wealthier of meat Food businesses support can portion changing through sizes of red meat (pork, beef, or lamb), 203 grams of poultry, of poultry, grams or lamb), 203 (pork, meat of red beef, of fish per weekperson per and 196 grams – or less. consumption excessive will mean reducing there Getting recommended diet is flexitarian: largely plant-based but largely recommended is flexitarian: diet of meat, fish, and dairy. small amounts very can include 98 grams than consumptionIt recommends no more of The EAT-Lancet Commission has brought together together has brought Commission The EAT-Lancet health’ a ‘planetary to present evidence scientific current both people for and planet. is healthy The that diet FOOD higher consumption overall can more than can more higher consumption overall undo these efficiencies. animal Of course, is also own on its very and ethics welfare standards sourcing set good to grounds and policies. ALWAYS BAD? ALWAYS in food research topic This is a hot complex: is are and the answers currently biodiversity locally increase on to it better means using – which generally farmland practices, organic and/or less intensive yields and the means lower which in term the same produce land to need more for intensify to of food – or is it better amount so can we farmland on existing production land (habitat) of more the conversion spare In principle, if biodiversity farmland? into alongside is implemented friendly farming shifts - especially systemic other and land consuming less resource meat reducing foods (like intensive consumption, which needs both the land growing and the land for the livestock for so the livestock), the risk of the food for this so-called of effect converting ‘leakage’ is minimised. 65 farmland land into more always doesn’t animal welfare Similarly, impact: more environmental mean lower is example, for farming, livestock intensive gas and land greenhouse more generally to priceslower – although leading efficient IS INTENSIVE IS INTENSIVE FARMING Shambala’s procurement guidelines include requirements guidelines include requirements procurement Shambala’s fruit and free-range, eggs are dairy is 100% organic, that and Europe the UK sourced from and vegetables are of travel limit the impact to possible in order where with localemissions and support food relationships providers. a ‘bond’ traders charge Gathering Green like Some events breaking found are if traders be not returned may that specific any Fairtrade such as conditions, serving only certified tea or bananas. coffee, for in Denmark the target increased has slowly Roskilde – from be organic the proportion of food to served on site 90% in 2017. 30% in 2014 to https://foodsource.org.uk/54-how-do-food-systems-affect-land-use-and-biodiversity

https://foodsource.org.uk/33-how-important-transport 64

‘Best Choice’ rating on the Marine Conservation on the Marine Conservation ‘Best Choice’ rating Society Good Fish Guide also on the basis of ban specificSome events brands ethics. or company credentials Fairtrade certified tea only Fairtrade and coffee the EU within or sourced from be Fairtrade Sugar to sugar beet derived) (generally unsustainable sources soy from Restrict ‘Good is a minimum Choice’ fish that or Sourcing Fruit and vegetables to be organic e.g. Soil beFruit and vegetables organic to Association certified be eggs free-range to Animal welfare: RSPO CertifiedPalm Oil only Sustainable miles on their own are not a good environmental a good not environmental are miles on their own and seasonality methods and agricultural indicator, important equally – although sourcing or more are social other benefits, and have locally may supply chain greater supply chains mean shorter transparency. Fruit and vegetables to beFruit and vegetables local to or seasonal. locally that: the amount can reduce sourcing Note sourcing miles transport and impact of however emissions: lower mean locally doesautomatically not emissions can cause greenhouses in winter heating outweigh transport.that saved impacts Food from

How important is transport? Food Climate Research Network Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate importantHow is transport? How do food systems affect land use and biodiversity? Food Climate Research Network Foodsource. Network Research Food Climate land use and biodiversity? affect do food systems How 64. 65. ensure a high quality of produce, and create a new market market a new a high quality and create of produce, ensure to using collective sustainable options by procurement for manage cost. cheaper rates with key suppliers in exchange for for in exchange suppliers with key cheaper rates centralising traders. multiple from custom guaranteed can help supportsupply in this way specific producers; Some events also create suggested or approved supplier or approved suggested also create Some events source quickly help traders certain to lists for produce, guidelines, sometimes negotiating meets event food that For produce that is hard to source within specific within source to is hard that produce For or make suggest alternatives might guidelines, events specific (e.g. bananas and localexceptions sourcing). • • • • • • • • specific include: food Guidelines might areas. • for their traders. The process such guidelines of setting traders. their for their supply understand better organisers can help event and the impacts of chain, the needs of their traders, CERTIFICATION CERTIFICATION guidelines set specific now events procurement Many SOURCING STANDARDS AND AND STANDARDS SOURCING 68 FOOD CASE STUDIES 69

al cling Composting evention Dispos Recovery Recy Pr

Send to animal feed Send to Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic with energy recovery with energy Incineration of waste of waste Incineration Redistribute to people to Redistribute Reduce waste of raw materials, materials, of raw Reduce waste ingredients, and products overall and products ingredients, A number of events work with local with work food charities of events A number to people to in need. salvageable food waste redistribute collections drop- of surplus foodCampsite or campsite way as a overlooked food often for are salvageable offs more often audiences with weary food reduce waste, to carry surplus to have food to so as not leave to than happy home. weight Most preferable option Most preferable Least preferable option preferable Least 66

collected 23 tonnes of surplus food that year – the year of surplus foodcollected that 23 tonnes it via local of 55,000 meals – and redistributed equivalent sites. FareShare festival food in 2015 festival Festival A Greener by created is an initiative Plate Eighth which Association (NCASS), Caterers and the Nationwide while helping festivals surplus food from redistributes food poverty with food address working to in the UK by distribution local charities. Launched in 2015, the project EIGHTH PLATE EIGHTH surplus 23 tonnes redistributes Plate Eighth

https://ncass.org.uk/mobile-catering-home/articles/eighth-plate-food-waste-scheme-rises-from-the-flames-of-arcadia-london 66. misinformation on attendance figures. figures. on attendance misinformation sent to landfill). Food surplus at events comes from comesFood from events at landfill). surplus to sent this site; bring to food to much on how misjudgements or a lack of information by can be caused or exacerbated reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, by reducing reducing gas emissions, by our greenhouse reduce the food supply chain, ‘wasted’ emissions throughout (especially the waste if and emissions arising from Cutting food waste from events is an easy way to to way is an easy events from Cutting food waste

The UK government’s Food And Drink Hierarchy provides a framework for minimising the minimising for a framework provides Food Hierarchy And Drink The UK government’s of food impact waste: environmental FOOD AND DRINK HIERARCHY HIERARCHY DRINK FOOD AND FOOD 67 commissioned a Welsh producer to create a special batch a special batch create to producer commissioned a Welsh there realised ‘Shalloumi’ once organisers of organic options on the market. other any weren’t beer organic in 2015 its first created Tuborg Brewery and Roskilde Danish festivals meet demand from to serving to committed NorthSide, both of which were food and drink onsite. organic In order to enable traders to meet Shambala festival’s meet Shambala festival’s to enable traders to In order the festival dairy products, organic for requirement

Instock to create a menu that was not just based on festival just based not was on festival that a menu create to Instock on eat, but instead to wanted audiences classics or what local food surplus and “imperfect local available food” from to divertfoodredistribution it and effective help to suppliers, – closing the loop. waste to going from COURT Festival Food CourtCircular DGTL at in Amsterdam Festival Food Court DGTL at The Circular with local The Food partners Up and Line in 2019 worked CIRCULAR FOOD CIRCULAR

http://www.festivalinsights.com/2017/02/scenes-meat-fish-free-shambala-2016-story-facts/ 67. reductions on pitch fees or preferential pitch locations for locations for pitch fees or preferential on pitch reductions editions can be event a powerful incentive. future the burden where possible, them with and working where the burden results. most change can yield the deliver effective to like with incentives Awards Trader Green Additionally, such as higher welfare standards and compostable standards such as higher welfare costs. Being can also impact on their operating packaging sharing implementing, changes about you’re what upfront AND CATERERS AND policies of our event but many adaptable, are Caterers SPOTLIGHT: WORKING WITH TRADERS TRADERS WITH WORKING SPOTLIGHT:

CASE STUDIES 70 FOOD 71 68 decisions to audiences (around 70% of whom were meat meat of whom were 70% (around audiences decisions to on the journey. bring them along and to eaters) with conversation initiate also tries to Festival Roskilde Round servedKutling & Ukrudt in 2019, its food offering: species fish is having in an invasive Denmark that Goby, impact on local speciesa devastating including shrimp commercial a significant is not there date, and clams. To – the prepare to as it is difficult Goby Round for market new trialling project is part of a larger Roskilde stand at this species.uses funded was for through The initiative Programme and Demonstration Development the Green the Danish Ministry of Food, scheme run by grant-making Fisheries. and Agriculture (a food Vegan Gay Fat asked in London In 2018, Field Day the vegan curate to blogger with a big vegan following) itself into the offer turning line-up festival, the of stalls for an experience.

https://mst.dk/service/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2019/jun/sortmundet-kutling-paa-roskilde-festival/ 68. on the website to help explain the reasons behind their the reasons help explain to on the website experts and specialists popular challenge assumptions to meat- went When the festival food sustainability. around FAQs extensive had prepared in 2016, they and fish-free dedicated entirely to food, with talks, workshops on topics on topics workshops food, with talks, to entirely dedicated a It’s farming. food, palm oil, and post-Brexit waste like and learn with food can debate attendees space where conversation on site. on site. conversation festival Shambala at O’Feeden is a venue The Garden explaining your reasons, supporting any changes through supporting changes through reasons, your any explaining plenty of opportunities and providing for research, the in or participate feed back via surveys to audiences negatively affects their experience, their costs affects them more negatively choose. to or limits their ‘freedom’ money, Some of these challenges can be head-on met clearly by Food can be a highly emotive subject and festival Food can be subject a highly emotive and festival it changes feel if they to be resistant may attendees CONVERSATIONS SERVING UP SERVING FOOD e 2 Events can open new Events experiences and start with audiences conversations impact about the environmental inspire choicesof their dietary to lifestyle shiftsbroader offer to audiences, with priorityto offer less emissions-intensive to given plant-based e.g. more menus options and supply with traders Work ambitions shared chain towards for standards and set minimum of ingredients sourcing arising from Minimise food waste events in food waste traders Engage salvage schemes as Eighth (such food surplus redistribute to plate) support to the Huge potential Change on Climate Committee roadmap. zero net Unknown – there isn’t currently currently isn’t there – Unknown place in to an accessible system food impacts. measure the If it matches Unknown. UK daily per-person food average it could carbon be footprint up to 66,600 t CO food the Influence selection of on

e 2

OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES SUMMARY OF SUMMARY OF FEASIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND IMPACTS KEY OPPORTUNITIES TO TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY REDUCE FOOD CLIMATE CONSUMPTION OF CONSUMPTION AUDIENCES FESTIVAL TOTAL AMOUNT OF CO OF AMOUNT TOTAL FOOD BY PRODUCED FOOTPRINT OF A FOOTPRINT FESTIVAL CONTRIBUTES TO TO CONTRIBUTES CARBON ONSITE THE TYPICAL % THAT FOOD % THAT TYPICAL AND THE FEASIBILITY OF REDUCTION OF REDUCTION FEASIBILITY THE AND MEASURES ON UK EVENT CARBON FOOTPRINTS FOOTPRINTS CARBON UK EVENT ON OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF FOOD OF IMPACT THE OF OVERVIEW 72 FOOD 73 Improve data collection data on food Improve events impacts at Reduce meat and dairy consumptionReduce meat the like with initiatives traders Engage health diet planetary EAT-Lancet with Committee on Climate Change on Climate with Committee recommendations Reduce avoidable food waste by at at by food waste Reduce avoidable 2025 in accordance by least 20% Establish minimum sourcing standards standards sourcing minimum Establish guidelines procurement and trader 5. 3. 4. 2. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Water 74

Water 75 Water Impacts and solutions and Impacts Chapter Supported by:Chapter

Water Water https://www.theccc.org.uk/2017/09/12/pressure-preparing-uk-water-shortages/ e emissions from the transport of bottled water. of bottled the transport water. e emissions from 2 However, treating water like the precious resource it is resource the precious like water treating However, in and being wastage efficient water means reducing and taps, toilets, to in relation use we it,how example for a minimum. to leaks – and in keeping showers The current Julie’s Bicycle benchmark for water use at use at water benchmark for Bicycle Julie’s The current This is per person per is 14.3 litres day. camping events higher than the 2014 benchmark, due slightly potentially a series schemes and/or refill adoption of water greater to increasing years in recent and drier summers of hotter consumption. water all costs. use at For water reduce to The aim is not plastic bottled to eliminate initiatives refill example, an overall lead to to likely are consumption onsite water – but events by consumption recorded in water increase and reducingwaste benefits plastic of the huge are there CO Event organisers therefore have to be aware of the need of be aware to have therefore organisers Event the for also be must but prepared conserve water to at the water toomuch of effect catastrophic potential time. wrong

In particular, the South East is predicted to experience to the South East is predicted In particular, 69 million litres 71 https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/understanding-climate/uk-extreme-events-_heavy-rainfall-and-floods

70 emissions in comparison to an off emissions in comparison to e emissions, with unused water often often e emissions, with unused water 2 2

of water are consumed at UK music festivals every year every festivals consumed UK music are at of water 184.5 Areas of England, Scotland and Wales face risks of water of water risks face Scotland and Wales of England, Areas 2050 shortages by Under pressure: preparing for UK water shortages. Gemma Holmes for Committee on Climate Change website, 2017. Change website, shortages. on Climate Committee Gemma Holmes for water UK for preparing Under pressure: UK extreme events – heavy rainfall and floods. Office. Met rainfall – heavy events UK extreme UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017 Evidence Report Technical Chapter 4: Infrastructure. Committee on Climate Change (2017). on Climate Committee 4: Infrastructure. Chapter Report 2017 Evidence Change Risk Assessment Technical UK Climate https://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/preparing-for-climate-change/uk-climate-change-risk-assessment-2017/ccra-chapters/infrastructure/ grid site. grid site. wastefully emptied onto the site post event. the site emptied onto wastefully is almost certainly with mains water use of a site Making CO reduce going to If a site is connected to mains water, there are likely likely are there mains water, is connected to If a site road miles involves by tanker benefits.water Bringing in COwith associated shower) more and additional water is used manage to and additional water more shower) damping example for conditions on site, environmental and trackways. dust on roads down transported from further away (increasing transport transport (increasing further away from transported also drive weather emissions). Drier seasons and hotter drink (and as audiences consumption overall, up water Droughts can mean additional financial and can mean additional financial Droughts be has to as water events, impacts for environmental While the direct carbon emissions from water use are negligible in comparison to energy use, negligible energy use in comparison are to water carbonWhile the direct emissions from audiences to water get we issues with how associated scarcity environmental and other water still merit consideration. and manage it onsite WATER USE AT EVENTS EVENTS USE AT WATER become drier overall, but when rain does fall, it will does fall, but when rain become drier overall, bursts. do so in heavier becoming widespread by the 2080s. becoming by widespread droughts. and widespread frequent more will UK summers predicting that Office is The UK Met in rainfall driven by a changing climate, alongside population growth, are predicted to lead to predicted growth, alongside population are a changing climate, by driven in rainfall by 2050, Wales and partsEngland of Scotland and demand deficits across supply and to Water has to be recognised has to the UK. including in Changes resource, and vital scarce as a Water 69. 71. 70. IN SUMMARY IN 76 Water 77 beyond scope the report, of this waste reducing by but to and choosing we useoverall, of stuff and the amount in water themselves investing who are suppliers buy from reducing the amount to can also we contribute efficiency, many used example, supply chain. For in our of water of water the amount in reducing investing are breweries steam like in initiatives beer investing by make to required equipment. clean to Asking water using gray and capture as part of contract this information for suppliers key the issue on the agenda. can help put negotiations alsohave of water use a lot whose operations Contractors the in conservation water an opportunity to contribute to investing by and efficient being more by sector events example, harvesting. For rainwater in technologies like of in the development invested Trax supplier GT trackway water uses rain machine that recycled washing a custom as early as 2009. mats protection clean ground to and the risks reducing All of these towards can work at source. deficits in the UK and impacts of water materials and stuff we use. Trying to estimate this is far is this to estimate Trying use.we and stuff materials

from watercourses and potential sources of pollutant such as oils from cooking or boneyards, should not be should not close to cooking or boneyards, such as oils from of pollutant sources and potential watercourses from both festivalgoers for signage and communication by This can be augmented watercourses. lead to that or drains water especiallybuild and break. during thoseworking staff, and event river, although in some constrained sites this distance may have to be reduced); empowering environmental volunteers volunteers be reduced); to empowering environmental have this distance may sites although in some constrained river, in the objects thrown clear any to of the fence, breaches check daily or twice for daily to routes the watercourse walk to should be away located In addition toilets the water. liquids could leach into where areas any note and to watercourse One high risk of reduced water quality is from festivalgoers urinating in streams. This leads to an increase in ammonium an increase This leads to in streams. urinating festivalgoers quality is from One high risk of reduced water fairly generally this are prevent to a prosecution. Measures this could to lead reached, and if certainlevels, are levels the 15m back from around (ideally situated fencing along the banks by placing Heras courses water off simple; fencing SPOTLIGHT: WATER POLLUTION WATER SPOTLIGHT: goes into growing the food and drinks we serve, and the we the food and drinks growing goes into minimising water waste. minimising water of footprint is the water complex visible and more Less that everythingof water – the amount consumed on site Sessions. Each year they liaiseSessions. they with the Sustainability Each year or replacing reducing discuss options for Manager to of certain quantities and chemicals, lowering products cleaning with specifications for environmentally friendly friendly for environmentally cleaning with specifications are Portakabin possible.example, For chemicals where Summer and Glasgow TRNSMT to sanitation providers and more festivals developing sustainable procurement sustainable procurement developing festivals and more there materials, into policies and undertaking research for in chemicals usedhas been reduction on site a steady personal care products we choose to use determines the choose we use determines products to personal care – and the treatment for sent chemical load of wastewater With more up in our waterways. risk of chemicals ending pollution, with penalties for events that fail to do so. to fail that pollution, with penalties events for cleaning and like of products this, the kinds Alongside Associated with water use is water pollution. There has has pollution. There use is water with water Associated water protect long been in place legislation to strong from sites event around in and and streams in rivers

Water Water SANI cut toilets vacuum SANI’s use and emissions, energy costs sanitary toilets, water-saving SANI’s less units require and wash showers and less power than traditional water emissions solutions – on average festival reduced are transport wastewater from cut costs are 80%, energy up to by units and efficient 30% through by fresh costs for - and storage distributors halved. are and wastewater Compostable toilets use zero water and zero chemicals and zero water use zero Compostable toilets benefits especiallyenvironmental significant and can offer composted, can be and used stored, the land on if waste such as trenching some preparation require They locally. especially be practical, where always not which may used. are such as parks, public sites, efficient water more can also offer toilets Vacuum there experiences, luxury however more sanitation for use as can beusesome a trade-off energy- with energy three-phase pumps. intensive 72

they worked with 6 events, including Port with 6 events, worked they Eliot, Wilderness and Black Deer Festival, of water, 52,200 litres saving overall and collecting of waste 28.3 tonnes - enough to 1,078 KWh of energy creating 22,000 smartphones! charge toilets save 52,200 litres in 52,200 litres save toilets 2019 at toilets flush waterless provide Loowatt be to the waste and capture UK events In 2019 and fertiliser. energy turned into LOOWATT festival flush waterless Loowatt

Environmentally Friendly Toilets: an analysis of options for Bristol Event Organisers. Resource Futures and Kambe Events on behalf of Bristols Festivals Forum (2015). Forum Festivals on behalf of Bristols Events and Kambe Futures Resource Organisers. Event Bristol of options for an analysis Friendly Toilets: Environmentally dye is plant,dye based, chemical not and is biodegradable the environment. to less harmful effective, is difficult to dispose of. Products that are fully that Products of. to dispose is difficult effective, manage odour, biocides and contain biodegradable to blue The strong available. are then formaldehyde, rather Portable toilet suppliers are taking an increasing interest interest an increasing taking are suppliers Portable toilet using beginning stop in sustainability are to and suppliers which although formaldehyde, chemicals containing (which has been purified in some flush and transported) a plumbed not into are they options – in cases where toilet supply. mains water waste by road. Other sources of impact are: the way the the way of impact are: Other sources road. by waste (usually the blue liquid) the chemicals is treated; waste used and the use in the flush; of drinking-qualitywater The main source of GHG emissions associated with associated of GHG emissions source The main of human the transportation comes from toilets temporary SPOTLIGHT: TOILETS AND SANITATION AND TOILETS SPOTLIGHT: 72.

CASE STUDIES 78 CASE STUDIES 79

to that of a static tank. Similarly, MTD will calculate exact pipe lengths and routes prior to arriving on site so that arriving on site prior to pipe lengths and routes exact will calculate MTD tank. of a static Similarly, that to yearly. landfill 0% to achieve to utilisationtransport is maximised. endeavour They a signed industry charity up member are Energy of the event solutions, MTD Alongside these practical in renewable with investment events balance and from meaning they their carbon emissions to Revolution, energy. sponsorship. MTD has also seen increased demand this year for a chilled water solution for the production solution for has also a chilled seen water for this year demand increased sponsorship. MTD for long periods supply water and sparkling a chilled, Their 3-tap ambient coolers offer sites. on event workforce occupancy. of site an throughout stored volumes are water the correct ensure methods using precise to projects calculates MTD tanks, pillow and wastewater portfolio of potable water With a large on site. wastage water and reduce event compared on a single pallet tanks pillow multiple transporting by a minimum to is kept transport ensures MTD MTD Water: cutting water wastage and single-use wastage events at plastic cutting water Water: MTD offering. their client to sustainability who value as key and plumbing company management a water are MTD up with the keep to development in product investing committed to are and they factor is a key Innovation developed ban the use of single use have They plastics. to steps taking are that demands of sites increasing branding and the opportunity a sustainable solution whilst also offering for which provide stations’ ‘bottle refill MTD WATER No urinating signs were placed on fences and water placed and water on fences signs were No urinating ammonium, for monitor installed equipment to monitoring SEPA, and send a daily report to etc turbidity, dissolved oxygen, parties. the fisheriesother interested association and T in the Park: preventing water pollution water T in the Park: preventing ran that the streams in sensitive salmon country, Located a subject to (Scotland) were site the T in the Park through goers festival kept fencing plan. Heras pollution prevention the walked volunteers and uniformed the water from away over. objects thrown any remove times daily to three banks T IN THE PARK T IN THE PRECEDENTS

Water Water

Dan Regal - Bristol Live Dan Regal - Bristol At TRANSMT and Glasgow Summer Sessions, and Glasgow the TRANSMT At all standpipes ongoing on an monitor sustainability team a pre-start and during walk-over basis both through promptly are and ensure the event. Issues identify they manager include standpipes jammed the site to reported positions and standpipes no-drip missing in ‘on’ trays. inspectionsThese continual of help minimise the amount wasted. water

areas to improve lives in refugee camps and in lives in refugee improve to areas with no sanitation of the world or electricity. areas to develop their PEE POWER® system onsite. In onsite. system their PEE POWER® develop to installed2019 they a 40-person urinal, which electricity power lighting to urine into converts mobile phones, sanitising while or charge urine fertiliser The as a by-product. plant and producing off-grid to introduction for is being tested system GLASTONBURY the majority has replaced of its Glastonbury portaloos and long-drops. with compost The toilets Bristol also UWE with has a partnership festival PEE POWER AT AT PEE POWER

leaks and jamming are common with heavy use. common with heavy and jamming are leaks Even if water continues to pour for just a second pour for to continues if water Even and can be the wastage significant each user, after pooling for and floodingat the tap area the potential significant. the across minimise leaks to with contractors Work checktaps as frequently to maintenance site Ask site. As a minimum, using percussion taps or non- taps using percussion a minimum, As a after turn off automatically concussive taps that and showers. points short period water of time at need beUsing taps that stop held open to that as soon rather is removed, as the hand issuing water savings. greater even can yield than timed switches, • • • WASTE ONSITE WASTE HELP REDUCE WATER WATER REDUCE HELP APPROACHES THAT CAN CAN THAT APPROACHES

CASE STUDIES 80 Water 81

60 tonnes 184.5 million litres conserving Use of water and minimising technology with supply working leaks; reduce water chain to and of products footprint services <1% (excludes transport) <1% (excludes

REDUCE WATER USE AND USE AND REDUCE WATER IMPACTS ASSOCIATED KEY OPPORTUNITIES TO TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY USED BY UK FESTIVALS UK FESTIVALS USED BY ANNUALLY USE WATER ESTIMATED TOTAL PRODUCED BY UK FESTIVALS UK FESTIVALS BY PRODUCED WATER FROM ANNUALLY TOTAL AMOUNT CO AMOUNT TOTAL ONSITE CARBON FOOTPRINT FOOTPRINT CARBON ONSITE OF A UK FESTIVAL TYPICAL % THAT WATER WATER % THAT TYPICAL THE TO CONTRIBUTES Not a huge potential for carbon reductions, but has other environmental considerations. Water scarcity is a high risk in Water considerations. environmental carbon but has other reductions, for potential a huge Not implement. to straightforward are wastage water reduce to of the UK, and measures some areas WASTE SUMMARY OF FEASIBILITY OF OF FEASIBILITY SUMMARY REDUCE WATER TO OPPORTUNITIES MEASURES FEASIBILITY OF REDUCTION REDUCTION OF FEASIBILITY FOOTPRINTS AND THE THE AND FOOTPRINTS ON UK FESTIVAL CARBON CARBON FESTIVAL ON UK IMPACT OF WATER USE USE OF WATER IMPACT OVERVIEW OF THE THE OF OVERVIEW

Water Travel and Transport 82

Travel and Transport 83 Travel and Transport and Travel Impacts and solutions and Impacts Chapter Supported by:Chapter

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport Although there is Although there 81 Air pollution from Air pollution from 73 Transport is now the is now Transport source of largest UK greenhouse gas emissions.75 Travel and transport of audiences, artists, crew and artists, of audiences, and transport crew Travel least up at make beento found has consistently suppliers carbon footprint. 80% of an event’s where available, travel audience on data complete more up around has been it can make measured, travel other a festival, at emissions transport-related half of total depending on the variable although this can be hugely and artists. audiences This proportion of international on greener focus to a compelling argument presents have do not organisers that It is also an area journeys. needs one that and over a change in social control direct habits. and transport attitudes

79 https://fullfact.org/economy/do-15-people-take-70-flights/ The majority of the world’s The majority of the world’s 76

77 74 and more than 75% of UK goods and more we 78

Incentives to constrain the growth of aviation the growth constrain to Incentives or other of hydrogen the deployment Potentially, goods heavy transport. fuels for alternative overall road transport of Electrification pricing of, preferential and more into, Investment and local buses. - including trains public transport Reduced car ownership and fewer miles travelled miles travelled and fewer Reduced car ownership 74. Committee on Climate Change on Climate 74. Committee a glance – At Paper Air Pollution Jan 2019 – Explaining DEFRA Air Quality Policy and Figures – Facts Group Action Air Transport Fact Full Do 70% of flights? 15% of people take 2016 Survey Travel National Transport 78 Department for Report 2016 Freight Transport - Department for Zero to Road Change on Climate Oct the Committee Imperial 2019 for College, Zero London and Net change, public engagement Behaviour included travel alongside audience are travel based artist will vary on whether and crew/contractor/supplier breakdown The exact consumed embodied on site. food and materials This is excluding emissions from by their audience of higher percentage a much receive to city-based tend example, events location. For and demographic to according considerably varies travel of audience the contribution or not.In particular, those with a local for focus). walking/cycling public transport (or event Road Transport and Air Emissions, Office for National Statistics (2019) National Statistics for Office and Air Emissions, Transport Road

support these large-scale changes, as emphasizing as well to the climate a difference saved makes journey every that and air quality. • need industry we stand behind and an events to As • • • • ways that are driven by bigger picture government government bigger picture by driven are that ways and technological industry investment, regulations, changes include: These systemic advancements. consume travel across the UK in vans and trucks. in vans the UK across consume travel changes individual choices,Beyond will need we systemic in different travel to and incentives system our transport to Although attitudes to climate change are shifting, change are climate to Although attitudes 60% of UK than align: More always doesn’t behaviour car, by are journeys UK population takes 70% of all international and domestic international 70% of all takes UK population Britain. in Great flights emissions from all transport sources, and around 2% of and around sources, all transport emissions from all global carbonemissions. 15% of the that estimated It’s flown. has never population air quality limits. 12% of carbon for is responsible aviation Globally, stubbornly refused to budge in the last 20 years. In particular, road transport emissions have transport have emissions road In particular, budge in the last 20 years. stubbornly refused to by almostthird. a increasing since with traffic 1990, grow to continued meet statutory to fuelled serious health issues causes vehicles fossil the UK is still failing and While emissions from energy generation have fallen dramatically, transport emissions have transport emissions have dramatically, fallen have generation energy from While emissions 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 73. 74. 75. 76. IN SUMMARY IN 84 Travel and Transport 85 100% 90% 80%

70% 60% 50% 40% 42% car measured audience 26% up from occupancy, in 2017 30% 20% 10% 0% t al stiv st time anspor an passes e tr the fe car sharing to te or the r

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up from 53% in 2017 up from 67% measured audience transport methods, There is a trend towards increased measurement of transport impacts in recent years. of transport years. impacts in recent increased measurement towards is a trend There in 2018: assessed Festival A Greener and events by Of the festivals pr We POWERFUL THINKING INDUSTRY GREEN SURVEY 2019 GREEN SURVEY INDUSTRY THINKING POWERFUL FESTIVAL ORGANISERS FESTIVAL INITIATIVES REPORTED BY BY REPORTED INITIATIVES AUDIENCE TRAVEL TRAVEL AUDIENCE el options in 2019 or intr

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport

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(2018) 82 45% peopletwo or more Average car occupancy: data collected car occupancy: data Average Festival and A Greener Bicycle Julie’s by car occupancy both suggest an average 2.6 in 2015; although the of 2.9, up from with in cars travelling of respondents ratio survey in audience 2 occupants or fewer and CGA suggests it the AIF from data than this. lower slightly remain may 25-34 YEAR OLDS CHOOSING 25-34 YEAR WAY. THIS TRAVEL TO THOSE UNDER 34 ARE MORE UNDER 34 ARE THOSE USE PUBLIC TO LIKELY 40% OF WITH TRANSPORT, 30% OF OLDS AND 18-24 YEAR t https://www.agreenerfestival.com/consultancy-research/juicy-stats/ , CGA Travel: Festival Insights Festival , CGA Travel: https://www.agreenerfestival.com/consultancy-research/juicy-stats/ anspor Tr

n va and AIF Ten-Year Report (2018). Although there are some differences in the scopes of the different surveys, there was sufficient overlap and was sufficient there surveys, in the scopes some differences of the different are Report (2018). Although there Ten-Year and AIF alking or Cycling ain or other Public 30% two people in a car Coach Tr Other W Camper Car

Medians of combined datasets from Julie’s Bicycle CG Tools, A Greener Festival published at published at Festival A Greener CG Tools, Bicycle Medians Julie’s of combined from datasets www.festivalinsights.com/2018/07/report-festival-goers-travel/ picture. this estimated provide to consistency

82. carbon footprints (unless they are marketed specifically at international tourists). specificallyat international marketed (unlessare they carbon footprints Type by Travel Audience Festival UK Greenfield free, un-ticketed events. events. un-ticketed free, audience travel lower to have tend and advantages offer obviously with good events links public transport City centre amount of stuff needed of amount to – or be needed perceived (especiallyyounger children). for mobility of gear. for and carrying weight depend on cars may with an older demographic Events channels than direct offices communications box and opportunities through for engagement more offer events Ticketed The location and demographics of an event determine the audience travel footprint. Surveys footprint. Surveys travel audience the determine an event of demographics and The location the and carrying flexibility, convenience, for on cars rely audiences festival family that show AUDIENCE TRAVEL TRAVEL AUDIENCE MORE PEOPLE. FESTIVALGOERS ARE MORE ARE FESTIVALGOERS 2 OR WITH TRAVEL TO LIKELY MORE LIKELY TO TRAVEL TRAVEL TO MORE LIKELY YOUNGER WHILE ALONE, on their own 55+ ARE AGED THOSE FOR ALL OR PART OF THEIR JOURNEY BY CAR: CAR: BY JOURNEY OF THEIR OR PART FOR ALL 9% 84% RESPONDENTS STILL TRAVELLED TO FESTIVALS FESTIVALS TO TRAVELLED STILL 84% RESPONDENTS

PARTNERSHIP WITH ENERGY REVOLUTION ENERGY WITH PARTNERSHIP CGA FESTIVAL SURVEY 2019 IN 2019 SURVEY CGA FESTIVAL 86 Travel and Transport 87

90 83 Data Data 89

https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/letter-to-chris-grayling-and-greg-clark-assessment-of-the- be powered via mains grid or batteries in order to be to in order be grid or batteries via mains powered sustainable. Mobility describe used as a Service to (MaaS) is a term digital services, which smartphone often apps, through people and private of public, shared can access a range planning, booking integrates that transport, using a system be to likely are These developments travel. for and paying in the near future. events to relevant Currently, policy and research are looking at how we we how at looking are policy and research Currently, impact of the (and human) the environmental alleviate Sales of electric passenger batteries. vehicles are shift to 66,000 units, 75% in 2020 to nearly rise by to forecast to projected 2.9%, and are to share pushing the market 4.2% of all car sales further to increase in 2021. between that 1-2% shows surveys individual festival from 2018. from electric car in 2019, an increase by travelled 2025 about 10% of festival by that can estimate We years and in ten will be EV, car users comingaudience by growth EV Continued switched. will have a third around infrastructure charging future for implications will have this will need although sites, to festival at provision

84 with a current with a current https://europeanclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/FEF_transition.pdf Although there Although there 88 But current trends trends current But 85 https://www.smmt.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/WEBSUM-SMMT-CARLCV-MARKET-OUTLOOK-Q4-19-Final-060120.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/739460/road-to-zero.pdf Road to Zero strategy, strategy, Zero to Road

87 and we will likely need need will likely and we overall 86

Department for Transport 2017. Transport Department for of Household Car Ownership. al, 2018 Changes in Level et Chatterjee July 2018: Transport Department for Zero to Road Change (2018) on Climate Committee Strategy, Zero to Road Deben on the government’s Lord from Letter road-to-zero-strategy/lord-deben-to-chris-grayling-greg-clark-on-road-to-zero/ Friends of the Earthfor Quality (2018). Transport of Life, Lynn Sloman, Lisa than Electric Cars. and Hopkinson Briefing: More 2018: February Future Fuelling Europe’s Cambridge Econometrics (SMMT): and Traders Manufacturers Society of Motor occupancy rates. festival Individual reported

90. 86. 87. 88. 89. 83. 84. 85. These have remained the most popular incentives to taking public transport named by audiences audiences named public transport by taking the most popular remained to incentives These have future. The EU is currently working on a framework to to on a framework working is currently The EU future. chain. supply support sustainable battery a more are ethical, human rights, and environmental issues and environmental rights, human ethical, are of batteries, with the mining and manufacturing associated carbon energy shaping a zero essential to remain they Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to reduce reduce to the potential have Electric vehicles (EVs) 50%. over by gas emissions greenhouse is insufficient, achieve to order road miles in and in traffic reductions targets. reduction calling for an even earlier 2030 date. an even calling for enough, the Committee go far policiessuggest that don’t strategy government has said Change current on Climate In the UK the sale of petrol and diesel cars will be and dieselIn the UK the sale banned cars of petrol 2040 as partby of the and many 2035 to bring the ban forward to consultation 20 year olds, and 75% to 63% among 21-29 year olds. 63% among 21-29 year olds, and 75% to 20 year greater have those appealing 30 may under to Festivals modes. opportunity travel other divert to to The percentage of young people of young The percentage with driving licences fell 29% among 17- between 48% to 1992 and 2014: from method, whereas local bus services may have a lower reputation. However, the Association of the Association However, reputation. lower a local have method, bus services whereas may between reports that,Independent 2017, the 2007 and Festivals based surveys on audience 7.9%. to 18.3% from fell train by travelling audiences proportion of their festival decreased by 40% since 1985 due to lack of investment, cut back services cut back lack of investment, and price 40% since rises. 1985 due to decreased by transport reliable as a more travel train perceive will audiences that likely it’s Therefore AND TRENDS TRENDS AND risen have bus trips 56% since in London, 2002. Apart from UK have trips in the Train UK NATIONAL TRAVEL STATISTICS STATISTICS TRAVEL UK NATIONAL

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport

30% OF PEOPLE SAY THEY WOULD WOULD THEY SAY OF PEOPLE TO TRANSPORT USE PUBLIC IF IT FESTIVALS TO TRAVEL GUARANTEED ENTRY FAST-TRACK 42.7% USE PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO TO TRANSPORT USE PUBLIC FESTIVALS OF PEOPLE SAY DISCOUNTED DISCOUNTED SAY OF PEOPLE TICKETS PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO INCENTIVE BE AN WOULD over multiple years. Source: AIF Audience Survey 2017: Travel Incentives 2017: Travel Survey Audience AIF Source: years. multiple over 88 Travel and Transport 89 incentives to greener travel greener to incentives Collect audience travel information via information Collect travel audience and postcode including data, surveys about or audiences barriers asking provide free and frequent late night night late and frequent free provide the event to stations buses from shuttle Increase public transport use by public transport use by Increase those who can to incentives providing and public transport tickets, valid show (with discounts for cars carrying 3+ cars (with discounts for to those incentives offering passengers), passengers with 3 or more sharing cars number of cars by: reducing the number reducing by: number of cars available, spaces or tickets of car parking charges car parking introducing share of your audience arriving with a audience of your share transport footprint lower car occupancy and limit the Increase Provide subsidised tickets and other other and subsidised tickets Provide to localbenefits the increase to people 4. 3. 2. 1. IMPACTS OF AUDIENCE OF AUDIENCE IMPACTS TRAVEL APPROACHES THAT THAT APPROACHES THE HELP REDUCE CAN

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport Wednesday access those coach who also for purchase Wednesday or travel station, the train from bus tickets shuttle tickets, bicycle. by coaches organise to with festivals Travel works in Tuned data the UK, using ticketing around and minibuses from with journeys flexible and offering routes, key identify to drop-off results and incentives. Best locations different partner with the official ticketing working achieved by are company, GoCarShare, benefited from early Wednesday Wednesday early benefited from GoCarShare, company, cost, a competition to no extra as entry as well at entry now GoCarShare year. the following for win tickets to the last over and report that 100 festivals with over work to decade together been 70,000 people brought have journeys. festival share early free and allow tickets festival cheaper than standard e. 2 sustainable transport or to offset audiences the option Offer balance travel carbon emissions from greener transport throughout the transportgreener throughout and partner with journey, audience campaigns promoting external greenfield events) greenfield and communications marketing Engage support to messagingteams around VIP upgrades, showers, etc; ensure safe safe ensure etc; showers, upgrades, VIP and provided, are options lock-up bicycle (for operators tour partner with cycle Offer incentives for walking or cycling via cycling or walking for incentives Offer

7. 6. 5.

policy of offering a significant percentage of total tickets total tickets of percentage a significant policy of offering audience with 20% of the only, as coach packages are Tickets Saver coach. Transport Public arriving by with a coach ticket. A fifth of tickets for every tier were set were tier every for A fifthwith a coach of tickets ticket. packages. coach travel aside for successful their hugely continued In 2019 Boomtown Shambala Festival reduced their overall festival carbon festival reduced their overall Shambala Festival coaches dedicated with offering 10% by by footprint when bought with £20 off adult tickets Travel, In Tuned or more people. Those travelling with the car-share with the car-share people.or more Those travelling PUBLIC AND COACHES DEDICATED TRANSPORT for the first 100 cars, and VIP upgrades. At Download VIP upgrades. and cars, 100 the first for CO 16 tonnes this has saved approximately Festival, car with two by travelled 39% attendees Boomtown, At CAR SHARING CAR and Liftshare both GoCarShare promote Republic Festival car parking such as prioritywith incentives free parking, PRECEDENTS 90 Travel and Transport 91 e, and 2 e. In 2018, donations were invested invested were e. In 2018, donations 2 James Bridle - Download adding £1 to every car parking pass sold, 100% of which car parking every adding £1 to balanced Reading Revolution. Energy to donated was CO car miles or 170,360 kg 551,773 average car miles or Download balanced 1,024,194 average CO 316,220 kg support Schools to in Solar for two local primary schools will that install 30kw peak systems to the festivals close to energy. them with clean renewable provide significant number of single travellers (11% car travellers). number of single travellers significant Gathering’s Green eco border festival 98% of Welsh to their efforts to thanks is travel carbon footprint to uses its website emissions. The festival onsite reduce carry in our vehicles increases we kilo every how highlight pack light. to on how emissions and gives info handy the at available are and wheelbarrows trikes Luggage bring their own. to have so don’t audiences site festival also with Camplight, partners who help them The festival as tents pre-pitching by festivals other and numerous on gear. cut down to way another as as well World Co-operative and The Converging Energy the UK.community across and solar wind projects balanced have In 2018, Download and Reading festivals car by by of those who choose travel the journeys to travel) for the following year, and side of stage tours at the at tours and side of stage year, the following for travel) tent run an activation Coach Big Green event. Additionally, aboutaudiences sustainable event, to speaking every at came they where pin to UK festivalgoers asking and travel identify to BGC – allowing map of the UK on a large from need access coach of the country to more which areas travel. 3 cities. rides from guided bike such as the opportunity to win festival tickets (and coach (and as the opportunitysuch tickets festival win to

with donations going to support projects such as Bristol support such as Bristol going to projects with donations to balance travel carbon emissions through voluntary voluntary carbon emissions through balance travel to had helped of 2019 they As their or built-in donations. miles fuel travel 13 million fossil balancemembers over invested in renewable energy projects that also facilitate also facilitate that projects energy in renewable invested community benefit.work with now up in 2015, they Set and 40 suppliers and their audiences, 55 UK events over suppliers, audiences and artists to first measure and measure first and artists audiences to suppliers, emissions and help balance unavoidable travel reduce collecting - 100% of which are emissions by donations Energy Revolution is a charity that works with the live with the live a charity works that Revolution is Energy impacts of the environmental tackle industry to events events, with festivals, miles. work They travel fossil-fuel of vehicles carried 2 people, but there were also a of vehicles carried 2 people, were but there BALANCING CARBON volunteers from Manchester Metropolitan and Leeds Metropolitan Manchester from volunteers The majority Universities. of vehicles (73%) were Beckett The majority and 6.8% motorhomes. 16% SUV/MPV cars, emissions if car sharing increased would motivate them motivate would emissions if car sharing increased to do so. Greenbelt carried out of an effort more make to in 2016 with arrival audience at Survey a detailed Travel to calculate impacts and target changes. Cambridge Folk changes. Cambridge Folk target impacts and calculate to about also attitudes asked survey post-festival Festival’s and electric public transport vehicles. car share, to in about the drop knowing that indicated Festivalgoers Cambridge Folk Festival and Greenbelt have both and Greenbelt have Festival Cambridge Folk and calculations carried surveys out detailed audience In 2019, 1% of Shambala festival’s audience arrived by arrived by audience In 2019, 1% of Shambala festival’s IMPACTS MEASURING from either London or Bristol can purchase cheaper can purchase or Bristol either London from early access, and get a free the festival, to Tickets Saver vouchers. pass and drinks shower programme, Download Festival at Donington Park, raising money for for money Park, raising Donington at Download Festival of the Friday for upgrade a VIP receive charities. Riders Ride Bike in the Big Boomtown Participants the festival. At Download Festival, Heavy Metal Truants includes 50 Truants Metal Heavy Download Festival, At to London from 3 days 162 miles covering over cyclists of €450 for charity (registration fee included) and are included) fee and are charity (registration of €450 for In the finish line. at ticket festival weekend their awarded of 53,520 a total of 939 participants cycled 2019, a total 4,471km. ran and km Festival Republic’s Tour de Picnic is a fundraising and de Picnic is a fundraising Tour Republic’s Festival 80K or run 17K cycle participants fitness where challenge a minimum each raising Ireland, Electric Picnic Festival, to The Big Green Coach offer dedicated coaches to festivals festivals to coaches dedicated offer Coach The Big Green packages bespoke incentive the UK, creating around from with The work Republic up. Festival take encourage to with incentives packages travel Coach, offering Big Green CYCLING local operators. Carbon balancing is integrated into their into Carbon is integrated balancing localoperators. Revolution. with Energy a partnership through ticketing to engage at point of sale, point of at engage the support and with to of the early from team and communications marketing festival vehicles and emission standard useon. They the latest

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport

Motivation: at the moment in time where we make make we in time where the moment at Motivation: need we an action, be more a decision to or take other, a particular choice than any make to motivated either consciously or subconsciously habit through or emotion • the stations to the event; by offering an improved, an improved, offering the event; by to the stations ain was service there shuttle this year regular more in sales providing 85% increase with the event. By able to are they service on year, year a reliable to vehicles of individual the number taken decrease carbon footprints. event overall reduce thus an event bespoke create help festivals in Travel Tuned using localpassenger packages, transport transport and using bio-fuel, electric and euro6 operators possible. vehicles wherever compliant For one of their festival partners they analysed they partners one of their festival For year and the first from collated passenger data servicefor the shuttle from a demand identified http://www.behaviourchangewheel.com/ 91

Travel offset 100% of the carbon on all emissions offset Travel in investment bookings through of their customers’ Revolution. with the charity Energy energy renewable travel emissions by offering festival-goers the option offering emissions by travel in a coach or with friends and family by travel to Travel, in choosing By Tuned vehicle. hire private of vehicles the number reducing are audiences issues and traffic an event, decreasing to taken in this, Tuned impacts. Further to environmental Tuned in Travel are an innovative and an innovative are in Travel Tuned company travel events environmentally-conscious festivals to travel greener and affordable safe, offering the UK. across events and music of passenger problem the environmental tackle They TUNED IN TRAVEL TUNED carbon emissions travel and balancing festival reducing in Travel: Tuned The Behaviour Change Wheel, Susan Michie, Lou Atkins & Robert West & Robert West Change Wheel, Susan Atkins The Behaviour Michie, Lou University Cardiff CAST, – Transformations Change and Social for Climate UniversityCentre Cardiff – CAST, Change and Social Transformations Climate for Centre carry gear on public transport, knowledge of available transport,carry gear on public of available knowledge options pubic transport Opportunity: need factors we the social and physical – e.g. do something in place to and infrastructure options or low public transport of reliable availability carbon options, social transport norms Capability: need we necessary the abilities physical stamina to – e.g. physical knowledge and required

92. 91. • is determined by: is determined • Behaviour, including transport including choices, Behaviour, DRIVING CHANGE DRIVING

CASE STUDIES 92 Travel and Transport 93 98 ty fe 93 y e t er Supply t e for medium- e for 2 ast ackwa Tr Health and Sa Plan W Wa 97 Light commercial commercial Light 94 ater olding e W tacabins ast oilets and Stage Other Sca T W Por 96 Create the Community. Share success stories that success that stories Share the Community. Create adds that part effort feel a shared of help everyone acting as a that shows big changes. Research up to choices. better peoplecollective make spurs to Offering. Your DecisionsUnderstand and Tailor drives people their transport what to Understand choices cost; – including travelling age demographic; weight; and size camping equipment with children; elsegoing with friends; does; everyone doing what availability; night and safety; late reliability, flexibility; surveys, from this information can get You mobility. solutions, tailor your and use the responses to and disincentives. incentives targeted creating Our research suggests that contractor travel emissions travel contractor suggests that Our research widely;can vary between CO 15-50 tonnes between 4-10% of a total to It is likely festivals. sized footprint. transport festival’s knowledge but current will be different, event Every marquee infrastructure, production for suggests that be highest,mileage may with portacabins, power, to HGV contributors significant loos as other and bars transport. 3. 4. ty fe y r quees e t er Supply t encing ast ackwa Mar Bar AV F Powe W Wa Health and Sa Plan Tr ater

olding e W tacabins ast

oilets and Por T W Stage Other Sca

Empty load HGV mileage, where a lorry has delivered goods a lorry has delivered back and then returned mileage, where Empty load HGV 95

International Transport Forum Is Low-Carbon Road Freight Possible? 2018 Possible? Is Low-Carbon Freight Forum Road Transport International 2017 Transport Department for 2018, RFS0125 Transport Department for research Thinking Powerful 2019 Survey Contractor Lansdowne Warwick co-benefits of sustainable travel alongside the carbonco-benefits of sustainable travel reductions: • Clean air • Health and wellbeing nature • Protecting congestion• Less and financial • Incentives benefits Make a Stand. Communicate your event’s intention intention event’s your a Stand. Communicate Make on get to ask everyone carbon travel, be zero net to early. Engage them how. and tell board, to be heard likely more You’re Co-benefits. Promote about the with peoples’ Talk values. resonate if you r quees 97. 93. 94. 95. 96. vehicle movements and transport mileage. and transport movements vehicle Sector by Emissions Travel Contractor Medium-sized Festival Typical contractor transport will be powered by diesel for much much diesel be will transport by for powered contractor This footprint. travel partslonger than other of festivals’ be should of the number means our focus on reducing technology, hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen combustion fuel cells and hydrogen hydrogen technology, engines, and advanced biofuels, none of which is ready expect that can therefore be scale. We deployed at to More efficient vehicles for and efficient logistics will help, but More the targets carbon climate meet zero to haulage road of electric a mixture vehicle will need involve future to the UK. 30% of the total. a huge at empty base, is estimated to Moving goods by road consumes about goods road Moving 50% of all global diesel used. by miles in up 15% and 5% respectively of travel make goods (HGVs) and heavy vehicles vehicles TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL CONTRACTOR AND SUPPLIER SUPPLIER AND CONTRACTOR 2. TRANSFORMATION? 1. SO HOW DO WE APPROACH A DOSO HOW APPROACH WE encing F Powe AV Mar Bar

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport

100

99 be included in contracts. at The Freight Portal. The Freight at carbon or balancing the in offsetting contractors Engage needs of their services always focus – although the footprint be first. on reductions to Carbon could balancing or offsetting impacts and options like load sharing. Find out what they they Find out what load sharing. impacts and options like plans, e.g. introducing investment doing and their future are loads. Further information small/medium electric for vehicles on fuel and carbon can be savings found guide contractors to mileage associated with your event from key contractors. key from event with your mileage associated prioritising the most and suppliers, Choose local contractors by distancevolume or transport significant reduce travel about to ambitions your Speak with contractors Collect information on mileage, vehicle type, on mileage, vehicle and emptyCollect information load Future trends may include the use of biomethane as a low carbon as a low include the use of biomethane may trends Future goods the infrastructure transport, heavy vehicle fuel for however in its infancy. scale remains at deployment for 4. 2. 3. already liaise with other suppliers to share loads, but the majority loads, but share to suppliers liaise with other already sharing for platform online a festival-organised that indicated have could be of interest. 1. Low Emission Zones are helping to speed helping to are up the business Zones case Emission Low than 50% of contractors More cleaner vehicles. to upgrades for electric and would vehicles into had looked reported they a few Quite available. were if charging consideron-site using them Research undertaken by Powerful Thinking/Lansdowne Warwick Warwick Thinking/Lansdowne Powerful by undertaken Research target already most contractors that shows encouragingly optimisation, including: route reduction impact travel methodsfor and fuel efficiencies, driver tire loads, load maximisation, return vehicles. efficient more into lift and investment shares, awareness, REDUCE THE IMPACTS OF OF IMPACTS THE REDUCE TRAVEL CONTRACTOR APPROACHES THAT CAN HELP HELP CAN THAT APPROACHES sites, however it is beyond the scope of this report to apportion greenfield vs. urban audience figures. Conversely, some urban festivals may have a higher % travel mode of visitors flying to attend events. attend to flying mode of visitors travel a higher % have may festivals some urban Conversely, audience figures. the scope it is beyond vs. urban apportion of this report however to sites, greenfield Powerful Thinking Contractor Travel Questionnaire 2019 Questionnaire Travel Contractor Thinking Powerful most festivals, reported by mode breakdowns based travel on most recent TransportEstimate Department and Partnership for Carbon Vehicle the Low Trust, Savings the Energy Portal is run by The Freight from events greenfield to distance travelled return and using average of 2.9, reported car occupancy rates average most recent festivals, reported by mode breakdowns based travel on most recent Estimate to greenfield travelled will have visitors festival all 4.9 million as not be lower may audience travel actual emissions from Note: visitors. festival of 4.9 million and UK Music figure research Bicycle prior Julie’s events. attend to flying mode of visitors travel a higher % have may festivals some urban Conversely, audience figures. the scope it is beyond vs. urban apportion of this report however to sites, greenfield from events greenfield to distance travelled return using average of 2.9, and reported car occupancy rates average most recent festivals, reported by mode breakdowns based travel on most recent Estimate to greenfield travelled will have visitors festival all 4.9 million as not be lower may audience travel actual emissions from Note: visitors. festival of 4.9 million and UK Music figure research Bicycle prior Julie’s 100. 98. 99. 94 CASE STUDIES 95

and GHG emissions. 2 e emissions. 2 and snowstorms. As part of the breakdown requirements all 122 requirements part As of the breakdown and snowstorms. C

conditions and sometimes working in -23 conditions and sometimes working 56 hours. in a record removed units were solutions container typically in an 80% cost foldable cut on result market-leading innovative Continest’s costs, of CO and a similar reduction logistic and storage Continest delivered and built 122 Continest units, for the Main Service Area to host the national teams service teams host the national to the Main Service Area units, for and built 122 Continest delivered Continest All 122 to to offices accommodation kiosks. sales site from with units ranging suppliers equipment for centre that the normal containers in comparison to with only 8 trucks transported were containers foldable Continest needed have would 40. weather extreme in operating in 7 days out the 122 containers built and fitted service team Continest’s reduction. Through the innovative design of Continest’s folding container units, transport was reduced from 40 reduced was units, transport from container folding design of Continest’s the innovative Through reduction. 80% cut in CO in an resulting just 8 trucks to folding disruptive use decision Continest’s to Committee’s Organizing Local The FIS Championship’s sport a sustainable global event. Besidesits sustainability, to create their aspiration reflected containers solution also was financially technology competitive. innovative Continest’s CONTINEST 80% reduce transport emissions by containers folding Technologies Continest Championship Ski FIS Alpine World the solutions for infrastructure suppliedIn 2019 Continest temporary carbon emission travel sustainability global sports helping the in Sweden, goals around meet strong event

NUMBERS OF HGVS NUMBERS FLAT PACK INNOVATION TO REDUCE REDUCE TO INNOVATION PACK FLAT PRECEDENTS

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport – this can 2 has reduced traders has reduced traders by choosing more local choosing by more 2

Cambridge Folk Festival Cambridge Folk 33% since 2016 - saving by travel and caterer’s CO 2.5 tonnes over of survey carry out an onsite They traders. all their concessions and engage them with and Conditions and via their Terms initiatives sharing. on vehicle communications other festivals in the Netherlands. They have installed a home have They in the Netherlands. festivals can choose fuel type. so their customers base with HVO than rather venues, close to vehicles stay ensure Logistics miles, save and they to load-in, base after to returning and colleagues specific on with competitors collaborate costs. also They empty save loads and travel to projects which combinations, long trailer in 25 meter invested have 30% fuel persave drive. emissions from emissions from 2 , equivalent to 32,000 travel 32,000 travel to , equivalent 2 emisisons from crew travel, which makes which makes travel, crew emisisons from 2

miles. also In 2017 they balanced the CO in renewable investment miles through 250,000 travel over Revolution. with charity Energy energy tackling the CO tackling carbon In footprint. of their overall percentage up a large EcoBlue 9 fleet vehicleslow emission fitted with 2019 they on their and installedEngines a 30KW solar panel system 26,000 kwh year, per roof - thisoffice converts approx. tonnes of CO 13 over offsetting CREW impacts and aim for travel tackle Rock City Stage Crew 2020 carbon by neutrality become 2020 meant by Rock City’s aim to Carbon Neutral ROCK CITY STAGE STAGE ROCK CITY prices. centralising deliveries by operating an operating deliveries by centralising e.g. serveware supplier list for approved or in offsetting contractors Engage of their balancing the carbon footprint services- this could be included in pitch Choose and caterers locally based traders – consider share vehicle to traders Ask

• • • concession travel add up across all traders and concessions. all traders add up across can help reduce the impact of that Approaches TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL CO 20 kg approx. creating 50 miles in a diesel van A typical travel concession may HVO pilots with Eurosonic and Into The Great Wide Open The Great and Into with Eurosonic pilots HVO CATERERS AND TRADERS SPOTLIGHT: hydrogen fuel cell options. Electric charging availability availability fuel cell options. Electric charging hydrogen so their Europe, and cost issue throughout is still an carried they fuel. In 2019, out is on HVO focus current with artist tours at all scales. All their vehicles are Euro VI VI Euro all scales. at All their vehicles are with artist tours the at emission standard European (the latest compliant electric and future exploring are they time of writing), and ALTERNATIVE FUELS ALTERNATIVE Smit works specialist transport music Pieter European ROUTING EFFICIENCIES AND AND EFFICIENCIES ROUTING

CASE STUDIES 96 Travel and Transport 97

Engage artists the carbon or balancing Engage in offsetting – this could beincluded in of their travel footprint contracts. to better plan their touring routes. routes. plan their touring better to about public amplify information with artists to Work with their fans. transport initiatives and car-sharing artists able to travel by train; celebrate local talent; and celebrate train; by travel artists able to can what for consider contingency building in a budget air travel. vs. travel be train higher costs for artists allow to or exclusives zones exclusion Eliminate Pick local hotels or onsite camping solutions where camping solutions where or onsite Pick local hotels possible. as part of booking: of artistConsider the impact travel to or giving preference consider a booking radius shared vehicles and minibuses from hotels and key and key hotels and minibuses vehicles shared from connection and choosing hubs, electric an or travel transport bookings. ground for car provider hybrid Collect travel data from agents and artists – for artists and artists agents – for from data Collect travel on the same continent, dates apportiondoing multiple impacts accordingly. flight organising transport by impacts Minimise ground

• • • • • • • REDUCE THE IMPACTS OF IMPACTS THE REDUCE TRAVEL ARTIST APPROACHES THAT CAN HELP CAN THAT APPROACHES

AND TRANSPORT AND ARTIST TRAVEL TRAVEL ARTIST

Travel and Transport Travel and Transport

flying in. passengers pay for the fuel to be in another replaced fuel to the for pay passengers advanced biofuel via the Goodship to Shipping partnered has with SkyNRG, The festival Programme. fuel alternatives aviation developing a company oils from such as waste sustainable feedstocks from artists for residue, biological origin and agricultural WIDE OPEN WIDE to on an island aspires located festival The Dutch The zone. itselfchange and declares a fossil-free diesel-fuelled, are but the the festival to get to ferries INTO THE GREAT GREAT THE INTO

operate commercially in China, Switzerland and Africa. and Africa. in China, Switzerland commercially operate and events all festivals action for used loads. A key for people with handheld trolleys or cycle can ensure walk Smaller sites used not unnecessarily vehicles are is no engine idling. ensure and there to and contractors engage with crew is to not diesel generators in order to be environmentally beneficial. Going forward we are likely to see a much bigger take up in up to take seemuch bigger a likely we are forward beneficial. Going be environmentally to in order dieselnot generators may Drones also now common, fuel needs although be buggies are sourced sustainably. to vehicles. HVO electric onsite already drones delivery cargo site: a large around small essential transport items become method to of delivery a future Several festivals have been trialling electric alternatives for onsite vehicles over the last few years. Buggies, trikes, bikes and bikes trikes, Buggies, years. the last few vehicles over onsite been for trialling electric have alternatives festivals Several an electric these and source need be from charged to can be electric – however, platforms, plant, such as aerial working ONSITE VEHICLES ONSITE Hay Festival partners with BMW who provide electric/hybrid cars for use to transport artists to and from the train station. station. the train and from artists transport use to to for cars electric/hybrid who provide with BMW partners Festival Hay also encourage as many artists as possible to stay onsite using the glamping option to avoid hotel runs. hotel avoid to the glamping option using onsite artistsstay as possible many as to also encourage line-up their 2018 Dutch for booked an entirely in the Netherlands Amsterdam RAI at festival music electronic Valhalla local the scene. edition, successfully celebrate selling out and helping to Greenbelt Festival fly in a small amount of artists each year but ask them to travel by train once they land. They encourage encourage once land. They they by train travel to of artists them year but ask in a small amount fly each Greenbelt Festival They service a dedicated Wagon”. using the “Band collecting station the and have artists from train by travel UK artists to PRECEDENTS

CASE STUDIES 98 Travel and Transport 99

Reduce car travel in favour in favour Reduce car travel public cycling, of walking, transport and dedicated incentives, coaches through and building bundled tickets, locally based audiences car occupancy Increase and products Sourcing services locally impact travel Integrating in booking considerations decisions • • • • Up to 126,860 tonnes* 126,860 tonnes* Up to Unknown

e e 2 2

IMPACTS REDUCE ARTIST AND AND REDUCE ARTIST TRAVEL CONTRACTOR KEY OPPORTUNITIES TO TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY REDUCE AUDIENCE TRAVEL TRAVEL REDUCE AUDIENCE IMPACTS EVENTS TO OPPORTUNITIES KEY BY ARTIST, CREW, AND AND CREW, ARTIST, BY TO TRAVEL CONTRACTOR TOTAL AMOUNT OF CO OF AMOUNT TOTAL ANNUALLY PRODUCED FESTIVALS PRODUCED ANNUALLY BY BY ANNUALLY PRODUCED UK TO TRAVEL AUDIENCE TOTAL AMOUNT OF CO AMOUNT TOTAL CARBON FOOTPRINTS AND THE THE AND FOOTPRINTS CARBON MEASURES OF REDUCTION FEASIBILITY TRAVEL ON UK GREENFIELD FESTIVAL FESTIVAL GREENFIELD ON UK TRAVEL OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF AUDIENCE AUDIENCE OF IMPACT THE OF OVERVIEW Feasibility can vary depending on event demographic, but organisers can exercise a significant level of control over how how over of level control a significant exercise can but organisers demographic, dependingFeasibility on event can vary carbon savings can lead to and transport their policies and decisions. through Small shiftspeople events in travel at arrive of the industry. emissions than the operational greater TRAVEL IMPACTS TRAVEL SUMMARY OF THE FEASIBILITY FEASIBILITY OF THE SUMMARY REDUCE TO OF OPPORTUNITIES

Travel and Transport Governance 100

Governance GOVERNANCE 101 Impacts and solutions and Impacts

Governance Governance 102

the strategic frameworks or oversight to pull everything to oversight or frameworks the strategic and an vision with targets a clear into together direction. overarching a working creating These by challenges can be overcome action is built into in which environmental environment effectively and held up as a clear priority, of working ways in their organisations. a sustainable ‘culture’ creating Where festivals and events are successfully implementing are and events festivals Where lack often they of actions on the ground, a wide range 1 in 3 1 in introduced environmental a new Festivals in their event action plan for and/or policy 2019

Just over 25% 25% Just over sustainability a specificfor environmental budget have of festivals Of festivals have a sustainability have Of festivals / someone responsible for coordinator sustainability in the team 50%

suppliers, and audiences in environmental actions in environmental and audiences suppliers, and initiatives. the impact and success and evaluate measure to Fail interventions. of their environmental Lack an environmental policy or multi-year strategy, strategy, policy or multi-year Lack an environmental their environmental implement unable to Are objectives and best-laid keep plans on paper or to among of decision-making the forefront them at deadlines. competing priorities and relentless external freelancers, engage contractors, Struggle to All stats from Powerful Thinking’s Event Industry Green Survey, 2019 Survey, Industry Green Event Thinking’s Powerful from All stats • • challenging, as many events: challenging, as many • • key production services and taking on large numbers of numbers services on large production and taking key the duration for and volunteers contractors temporary governance environmental of the event. This can make Festival organisation is fast-paced and relies on the and relies is fast-paced organisation Festival parts. of countless moving Most festivals collaboration outsourcing of full-time staff, with a small skeleton operate they are implemented (or not implemented) will decide implemented) (or not implemented are they or not. targets meet we our environmental whether The processes by which decisions are made and how made and how The processes which decisions are by IN SUMMARY IN 102. 102 Governance 103 opportunities to take risks and trial new and trial new risks opportunities take to services or technologies in contained areas of the site. and investment relationships Long-term suppliers. with key in the team culture shared Establishing are considerations environmental where responsibility seen as part of everyone’s and volunteers including freelancers, suppliers. among suppliers, achievements Celebrating etc. audiences, volunteers, traders, team, Understanding of relevant legislation and legislation of relevant Understanding our work, e.g. The UK it applies to how Change Act. Climate and progress tracking Mechanisms for to – ‘measure emissions reductions external include This might manage’. through verification and/or auditing certification schemes. environmental for Dedicated resource including a specificinitiatives, ring-fenced line. budget finding ‘Rapid imperfect prototyping’:

environmental initiatives to audiences, audiences, to initiatives environmental can support they including how them. Transparently communicating communicating Transparently learning with others in the industry. learning with others enforcement. enforcement. sharing expertise to and Commitment clauses and targets in contracts with in contracts targets and clauses and with methods of oversight suppliers and impact. requirements, Inclusion of environmental Ensuring decisions remain critical and decisionsEnsuring remain and an or evidence, research by backed priorities of environmental understanding team with responsibility for strategic with responsibility strategic team for and implementation. oversight Clear responsibilities within the in the core – including roles organisation measurable, achievable, relevant, and time- relevant, achievable, measurable, bound. An environmental policy and multi-year and multi-year policy An environmental – specific, targets SMART with strategy and priorities, such as the Committee on and priorities, such as the Committee roadmap. Zero Change Net Climate Reference to external targets, frameworks, frameworks, targets, external to Reference GOVERNANCE AND PRACTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICAL AND TABLE: PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESSFUL SUCCESSFUL OF PRINCIPLES TABLE:

Governance Governance

Edinburgh Science Festival Edinburgh Julie’s Bicycle has an on-going has Bicycle with Good partnership Julie’s businesses the UK switch across help creative to Energy 53 creative To date, electricity tariff. a 100% renewable to over representing made the switch, have organisations of clean power. 10,100 MWh The charity running the a ban on accepting introduced sponsorship from have campaigners, climate from protests oil companies after change issues ever-present “With climate stating; the compromised by increasingly feel we and urgent, fossilconflict fuel between accepting sponsorship from scrutinise that the events companies and programming change.” of climate main causes Netherlands for mobile renewable energy solutions that solutions that energy mobile renewable for Netherlands such as refugee contexts humanitarian to could be taken camps. festivals. In 2019, they were heavily involved in shaping involved heavily were In 2019, they festivals. Nation the global Live sustainabilitythe new for charter representatives Nation Live business along with other charter Nation the Green for targets Key Europe. across ending and reductions gas emissions include greenhouse the sale of single-use Nation plastics. In the process, Live Europe, Head of Sustainability, for roles new introduced UK and Ireland. and Head of Sustainability for to a staged approach is taking Greenbelt Festival to areas as possiblecollecting data on different as much rates their recycling at looked action. In 2018, they inform focused and in 2019, they on measuring energy in detail, site. consumption across Open-House a start-up was in the Netherlands incubator music including electronic events bringing together government institutions, and key research ID&T, promoter specific sustainabilityagenciesevents challenges around This type including power provision. of model allows co-invest to developers and technology organisers event in specific supply chain gaps or challengeseven – and in the Cross with the Red in a collaboration resulted

switch if necassary. switch to bank about your Ask their policy with regards to and consider switching fuel investments fossil bank.an ethical Switching to a 100% renewable electricity supplier a 100% renewable to Switching office the helps support renewable for additional in the UK. generation energy Shift pensions fuel investments your out of fossil their what pension provider current – ask your change and climate to policy is in relation investment

Being one of the first UK events to introduce reusable to introduce events UK Being one of the first campaign in refill Own Bottle’ cups and a ‘Bring Your 2014. in 2016, and going dairy- and fish-free Going meat- in 2019. free Shifting to 100% renewable energy. 100% renewable Shifting to

• • Key areas for consideration: for areas Key • considers how our financial decisions our financial how supportconsiders the global society. a fossil-fuel-powered from shift away A holistic approach to environmental action also environmental to approach A holistic

THE EVENT SITE EVENT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION BEYOND BEYOND ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL Festival Republic has employed a full-time sustainability Republic Festival on-the-ground oversee since 2007 to coordinator its of sustainability across initiatives implementation chain explaining the reasons behind the shift, the reasons chain explaining and successes collected.reporting and evaluating using data Each newly introduced initiative is supported by research, is supported research, initiative by introduced Each newly and the supply with audiences engagement extensive • • • waste, and most recently, food. most and recently, waste, This has included: also pioneered individual actions, backed up by research research up by also pioneered individual actions, backed time over journey shaping an environmental and data, plastics and to energy, – from of focus with shifting areas years. Alongside being instrumental in getting industry in getting Alongside being instrumental years. Vision Festival Thinking, including Powerful initiatives have they off the ground, Revolution 2025, and Energy industry GHG emissions reduction targets. industry GHG emissions reduction an all-encompassing has taken Shambala Festival than ten more action for environmental to approach Festival Vision 2025 uses the UK Climate Change Act carbon budgets to help define festival festival help define carbon to Change Act budgets Vision 2025 uses the UK Climate Festival PRECEDENTS 104 Governance CASE STUDIES 105 PLAYPASS sustainability smart for tech Playpass of options a suite has incorporated PlayPass enable festival its RFID software to into accurately to and caterers bars organisers The schemes on their events. manage reuse support to carbon with clients work company with smart and initiatives technology reduction plastic-free wristbands and cards. offers services onsite – for example, the Semilla Sanitation Hub, the Semilla Sanitation example, services – for onsite has and possible water drinking which purifies urine into contexts. humanitarian for applications future in the Netherlands Festivals’ Deal:The ‘Green Circular Ministry of supported Dutch the is an initiative by co-initiated by Management and Water Infrastructure Deal, the Green Through International. Events Green and pilot targets with new will experiment festivals festival circular a more to move in a bid to initiatives include UK festivals 2025. Participating industry by and Boardmasters. Shambala Festival Boomtown, who bring new start-ups to pilot their products and products their pilot start-ups new who bring to team in eliminating the use of single-use in eliminating team events drink cups at and hot plastic items on Plastic Drastic in support of the AIF’s a has led the project to campaign. So far, of 200,000 plastic bottles reduction and total landfill. 120,000 cups being to sent FGH SECURITY save FGH Security to engage team landfill 200,000 plastic bottle from In 2018 FGH Security engage their out to set flagship event in Amsterdam is used to trial new and and to trial new is used in Amsterdam event flagship with INNOFEST pioneering including working initiatives, Netherlands, Spain, and other international locations: international other Spain, and Netherlands, cups, a smart generator reusable power plan for food and fish-free policy.Their and a meat- efficiency, DGTL Festival has established a set of core environmental has established environmental a set of core Festival DGTL between countries easily transferable are actions that portfolio in the whole event their across shared are that will re-tender to enlist a new supplier better able to meet able to supplier better enlist a new to will re-tender objectives. their environmental One promoter has used has engage a three-year policy to One promoter year the third – if by switch’ called ‘ask,suppliers require, been the promoter realised, changes haven’t of a contract

Governance Governance Even this is short of the 35% reduction required this is short required of the 35% reduction Even 103 a 50% reduction in 2025, emissions by 2050 by zero and net visitor numbers in the same numbers periodvisitor of time, efficiencies solve the to enough not are reductions and relative crisis: need we peakclimate and lock emissions to in gas emissions in greenhouse reductions absolute steep years. few within the next have we emissions per day, audience of relative In terms from per day 18% reduction audience achieved an up to from diverting waste by mainly driven and waste, energy landfill. carbon Change Act budgets. 2020 under Climate by reductions opportunitiesremain emissions Significant on realising need focus events to untapped. In particular, use on site. energy from emissions reductions need achieve to We Marc deGroot for Festival Republic Festival for deGroot Marc to increased from the core the core from e 2 19,778 tCO target by 2050 (i.e. a 100% by target net zero net in 2019, driven by the growth of the festival of the festival the growth by in 2019, driven e 2

The primary targets are reducing greenhouse greenhouse reducing are The primary targets ending 2030, and 50% by gas emissions by the sale of single-use all Live at plastics and venues owned and operated Nation 2021. by festivals Live Nation Entertainment, the world’s leading world’s the Entertainment, Nation Live announced their company, entertainment live 2019, setting in May charter Nation Green for out global sustainability goals and targets venues, ownedoperated and Nation all Live and festivals. clubs, theatres GREEN NATION NATION GREEN

Emissions reductions may be overstated owing to a high/conservative baseline set in the original 2015 Show Must Go On report, for which it was assumed that 100% of waste was sent to landfill due to due landfill to sent was waste of report,100% On Go assumedMust baseline Show 2015 original the was in it set which that for high/conservative a to owing be overstated may reductions Emissions widespread uncertainty around recycling figures. While energy-from-waste has undoubtedly become more widely adopted, event organisers are getting smarter about recycling, and volumes of waste per waste volumes and of recycling, about smarter getting are organisers event has undoubtedly widely adopted, become more While energy-from-waste figures. uncertainty recycling widespread around with some caution. should be treated reduced, figure this reduction have day audience 103. Go On is far less than the reported 50% growth in festival less in festival 50% growth than the reported Go On is far Although the estimated 20% growth in onsite emissions in onsite 20% growth Although the estimated since the sector the last edition Must across of The Show impacts of energy, waste, and water has water and waste, impacts of energy, 24,261 tCO overall. numbers industry and visitor concerted, unified effort to reduceconcerted, emissions had to unifiedbeen effort date. made to of This baseline estimate Must Go On report chose to use a baseline from 2014, useMust Go On report chose a baseline from to landscape had changed the events that based on the fact and no in the preceding 25 years so dramatically Because we do not have a 1990 baseline of carbon have do not Because we The Show the first industry, the festival emissions for not enough to halt irreversible climate change, and that change, and that climate halt irreversible enough to not 2045, emissions by zero net should bewe aiming for 2025. 2030, or even 2025 and a new 2025 and a new of an 80% target the previous up from reduction, this is say campaigners environmental Many reduction). TARGETS a 51% 2008 commits Change Act to The UK Climate by 1990 levels in UK carbonreduction emissions from

UK FESTIVAL AND OUTDOOR AND UK FESTIVAL INDUSTRY EVENTS UPDATING A VISION FOR THE FOR THE A VISION UPDATING

CASE STUDIES 106 Governance 107 Gas used on site or used to heat offices heat or usedGas used to on site vehicles owned or Fuel use in on-site on site operated used refrigerants emissions from Fugitive air-conditioning refrigerators, in freezers, equipment, etc. the generation from Scope are 2 emissions of electricity and used purchased – e.g. in offices, and mains grid electricityfestival are events – although more used on site to the grid, this to connect efforts making of small percentage a relatively remains overall. the sector consumption from energy • • • • should be counted within Scopeshould be counted the 1 – and a useful model construction industry offers sector. events the outdoor for in their own Scopein their own 1 accounting, but Network guidance the European published by Research of Construction Companies for (ENCORD)and Development suggests for an organisation by fuel purchased that ‘projects’ at and machinery use in plant Diesel powered generators, lights, etc where where etc lights, Diesel generators, powered some is buying the fuel. Note: the festival also include these emissions power providers divided into Scopes 1, 2, and 3. Scope 1 emissions are from ‘assets that are owned or controlled’. For For owned or controlled’. are that ‘assets Scopesdivided from Scope 1, 2, and 3. into are 1 emissions includes generally this events, and outdoor festivals • The GHG Protocol develops standards and guidance for how companies and organisations should should companies how and organisations and guidance for standards develops Protocol The GHG a business These has. based gas emissions, their greenhouse are of control level on the account for

Governance Governance ENERGY USE ON SITE. USE ON SITE. ENERGY BASED TARGETS FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR GREENHOUSE GAS TARGETS BASED BELOW WELL A 1.5ºC OR A IN LINE WITH REDUCTIONS SHOULD THIS SCENARIO. CHANGE 2ºC CLIMATE EMISSIONS FROM A MINIMUM THE AS COVER REDUCTION IN OVERALL WASTE VOLUMES. VOLUMES. WASTE IN OVERALL REDUCTION COMMIT AND SET NEED TO WE INDUSTRY, AN AS SCIENCE- DELIVER PLEDGE TO A RENEWED TO SPECIFICATION. ACROSS IMPLEMENTED ZERO-WASTE-TO-LANDFILL (SIGNIFICANTLY INDUSTRY EVENTS WHOLE THE A 10% EMISSIONS) ALONGSIDE REDUCING METHANE PRESENT-DAY LEVELS, FOR EXAMPLE WITH 17% OF WITH FOR EXAMPLE LEVELS, PRESENT-DAY GRID OR MAINS A SHIFT FROM TO REDUCTION THIS ABSOLUTE AN REMAINING THE AND POWER BATTERY BETTER AND EFFICIENCIES THROUGH REDUCTION REDUCING OVERALL DIESEL USE BY 50% FROM 50% FROM USE BY DIESEL REDUCING OVERALL • • REDUCTIONS, ESPECIALLY ON ENERGY. ON ENERGY. ESPECIALLY REDUCTIONS, MEAN: WOULD ONE POSSIBLE SCENARIO • PRECEDENTS FROM EVENTS ACROSS EUROPE. FIVE FIVE EUROPE. ACROSS EVENTS FROM PRECEDENTS INITIATED OF CHANGE DECADE THIS INTO YEARS IN 2015, WE GO ON REPORT MUST SHOW THE BY OF PACE UP THE SPEED NEED TO WE RECOGNISE THAT YES. IT WILL TAKE CONCERTED INVESTMENT AND AND INVESTMENT CONCERTED TAKE WILL IT YES. UP EXISTING SCALE TO EFFORT ACCELERATED CURRENT IN THE EXPERTISE AND TECHNOLOGY ON PIONEERING DRAWING MARKETPLACE, REDUCTION IN ANNUAL UK FESTIVAL FESTIVAL UK IN ANNUAL REDUCTION 2025? BY EMISSIONS CAN WE STILL ACHIEVE A 50% A 50% ACHIEVE STILL WE CAN 108 Governance 109 and more. and more. festival has shown audiences’ audiences’ has shown festival Bluedot Extinction Rebellion , creating opportunities for audiences to engage with opportunities to audiences for creating programme, ideas as partscientific events of the wider music, on the main stage alongside and putting scientists needed and build urgently scientific helps to the event connectionemotional and an to literacy environmental Earth. with has been together Republic working Festival Greenpeace since 2016 on their cup and bottle deposit scheme on site. return been have professionals production event Many such protests in supportinginstrumental environmental as Extinction lending their expertise Rebellion, and in production. including technical areas reaches far deeper as we far even than individual action, reaches to enable our audiences that environments create within the ecological live mean to it might question what boundariesour planet. of can also build on the specific and circumstance skills We which we mini cities for are sites of our industry: our event challenges including power, need solve infrastructural to food, and of water, management, provision and the waste the opportunity underestimate should not sanitation. We technologytest pioneering new and to develop this offers challenges in the wider world. can help address that Award-winning By science and the environment. celebrate to appetite Friends of the Earth , respondents respondents Greenpeace One in three

event boundaries. event vegetarian or vegan) also responded had they saying festival, since the and fish intake reduced their meat far our shiftsbeyond cultural can effect we that showing survey voted to keep Shambala meat and fish free, rising and fish free, Shambala meat keep to voted survey 94% in the secondto year. already were that of attendees the third counting (not order to spark a conversation with their audiences about with their audiences spark a conversation to order choose we eat. impact of what to the environmental to the post-eventrespondents 77% of year, the first After artists, makers, musicians, foodies and poets from across foodies across musicians, and poets from artists, makers, In 2016, hosting activities conversations. and Ireland in and fish-free, decided go meat- to Shambala festival green ideas, inspiration and action. For over a decade over this and action. For ideas, inspiration green has been the ‘conscious Cultivate, by coordinated area, heartbeat’ activists, with of the Electric Picnic Festival Festivals across the UK have partnerships with environmental and climate charities and and climate partnerships with environmental the UK have across Festivals campaigns, including Electric Picnic is a pop-up at Global Green eco-village of PROGRAMMING AND INSPIRATION INSPIRATION AND PROGRAMMING As events, we can amplify calls for more ambitious more can amplify calls for we events, As that supports policy that a transformation government CREATIVE CAMPAIGNS, SPOTLIGHT: we run our events, inspire and normalise new behaviours. and normalise behaviours. new inspire run our events, we significant a carbon will take emissions zero net Achieving all of our lives. deep into reaches shift that cultural audiences to take action; highlight and amplify campaigns highlight action; take to audiences by lead level; a political and systemic change at make to conditions in the ways right the and, in creating example We can make a meaningful contribution to mitigating mitigating to contribution a meaningful make can We sites. beyond event our far reaches change that climate our urging use can continue our collective voice to We BEYOND THE FESTIVAL SITE FESTIVAL THE BEYOND

Governance 110

Drivers of change Drivers of change of Drivers 111 WHAT IS HOLDING Drivers of change US BACK?

According to Powerful Thinking’s Industy Green Survey 2019, the three most common frustrations or barriers to action for event organiers are: 1. COST IMPLICATIONS 2. LACK OF INTERNAL TIME TO MAKE CHANGES OR IMPLEMENT NEW PRACTICES 3. INABILITY OF CONTRACTORS TO DELIVER SUSTAINABLE OPTIONS

Encouragingly, lack of expertise – identified as a key barrier in 2015 – no longer features, pointing to a more environmentally literate events community that feels more supported and confident to make changes.

However, cost was identified as a key barrier by more than 8 in 10 events. New services and solutions – and more recently, the ‘idea’ of ‘green’ – can attract a premium – but economies of scale can be achieved through collective commitment that gives suppliers the confidence to invest in new equipment and bring new services to scale.

With only one in four festivals saying they have a specific budget for environmental sustainability, there remains a tangible disconnect between environmental action as a priority issue and the (financial) resources we dedicate to it as a community. DRIVERS OF CHANGE Change is driven by; legislation, consumer opinion, opportunity, cost and company ethos - or by a combination these reasons. The main driver for sustainability identified by respondents to the Powerful Thinking industry green survey is overwhelmingly the internal commitment of the company, staff, or festival team; followed by audience expectations as a secondary driver.104 LEGISLATION

Much like in 2015, there is currently no legislation directly regulating event environmental performance beyond long- established pollution and contamination laws. Some wider environmental policies and legislation, such as the landfill tax, continue to have a direct impact on the cost of resources and services. While these kinds of legislation can influence sourcing decisions and planning for events and the supply chain, legislation remains a relatively weak driver of change for festivals to date.

104. Festival and Event Industry Green Survey 2019, Powerful Thinking (2019)

112 Drivers of change However, the outdoor events sector is still subject to the UK Climate Change Act 2008, which sets a statutory target of Drivers of change reducing UK carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.

Upcoming highlighted legislation likely to impact event environmental initiatives include:

• UK single-use plastics ban: a total ban on plastic stirrers (and plastic stemmed cotton buds) from April 2020, and significant restrictions on the availability of plastic straws.

• EU single-use plastics directive: a total ban on single-use plastic plates, cutlery, straws, and drinks-stirrers by 2021, and an obligation on all member states to set significant reduction targets for other single-use plastic items, including cups.105 CONSUMER ATTITUDES

Recent event audience surveys suggest environmental action and credentials is an issue of increasing importance for audiences, and this trend is unlikely to reverse in the coming years as awareness of the climate emergency continues to grow.

A survey undertaken by CGA in 2019 saw more than half of respondents say that they care more about the overall environmental, social and sustainability impacts of festivals than they did the previous year.106

When selecting which festival to attend in 2019, one in five consumers cited, ‘the festival promotes environmental sustainability,’ as a major factor – ranking behind other factors such as; ‘previous experience’, ‘overall line-up’, and ‘friends and like-minded people going’; but ahead of ‘that the festival supports charitable causes’ and ‘the provision of non- musical attractions and entertainment.’

In Ticketmaster’s State of Play: UK Festivals audience survey, two in three festivalgoers said they wanted ‘to see reduced waste at festivals’.107 Nearly as many festivalgoers said they wanted ‘to see more eco-friendly initiatives’ - more than selected, ‘greater variety of events/activities’, ‘more communal/chill spaces’, and ‘more photo opportunities’ - suggesting that visible environmental action is starting to rate as an important part of the festival experience. REPUTATION, COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS, AND LICENSE

The outdoor events industry continues to receive negative press exposure for the amount of waste and tents left behind at the end of events, even though 2019 has seen significant improvements in this space. Issues such as littering and congestion can have a significant impact on the relationship with local communities and may affect the licensing process. As the public becomes more aware of issues such as air pollution, we can expect this area to grow as a driver for change.

In 2019, two thirds of the UK’s district, county, unitary and metropolitan councils (i.e. local authorities) declared a climate and ecological emergency,108 many of them putting in place their own greenhouse gas reduction targets that are more ambitious than the UK Climate Change Act national targets. As these begin to be translated into action, we can expect greater questions to be asked of how festivals, particularly larger events, will support councils to meet them. COMPANY ETHOS AND STAFF COMMITMENT

Personal conviction and company ethos are the main driver for environmental action in the event sector to date, especially in the absence of meaningful legislation driving action.

Two in three festivals now report having a sustainability coordinator or someone responsible for sustainability in the team. However, there remains a value-action gap between our passion for taking action, and the level of resource (financial and otherwise) needed to make change at the scale and speed required. Some of the precedents in this report show what is possible even with the stretched budgets and competing priorities familiar to all of us.

105. Council adopts ban on single use plastics (2019) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/05/21/council-adopts-ban-on-single-use-plastics/ 106. Festival Audience Attitudes to Sustainability. CGA (2019) https://www.cga.co.uk/report-tag/consumer-research/ 107. State of Play: UK Festivals. Ticketmaster (2019) 108. Declare a Climate Emergency, figure retrieved at 5 January 2020.https://www.climateemergency.uk/blog/list-of-councils/

113 Vision

114 Vision 115

resources, supportresources, and expertise available. certifications such as A Greener Festival Assessment Festival certifications such as A Greener Green. and Creative Reduce and impacts using the current emissions change by signing up to the Vision 2025 pledge. signing up to change by broaden to as a community of committed events Work of impacts using and monitoring the measurement and carbon calculator such as the CGtools Tools Make a commitment to be actively involved in positive be involved actively to a commitment Make • • This is a challenge to all of us to all of us to to This is a challenge work. we change how fundamentally • far-reaching and unprecedented far-reaching changes in all aspects of society.” The UN IPCC tells us that in order not not in order IPCCThe UN us that tells exceed degrees 1.5 need, to we “rapid, ACTIONS

ACTIONS FESTIVALS CAN Vision TAKE: FOR 2020 AND 2021

Year Action Actions • Sign up to the Festival Vision 2025 pledge for 2020 • Create or update your environmental policy with aims and targets • Create or update a Green Action Plan or checklist for your event • Nominate someone with specific responsibility for environmental action or hire a part- or full-time sustainability manager • As a minimum, measure and report your events’ energy, waste, and water data using the free CG Tools carbon calculators. For events already collecting this data, expand your data collection to include audience and contractor travel surveys • Include energy monitoring and efficiency targets in contracts with power providers • Create a specific budget line for environmental initiatives • Consider signing up for the A Greener Festival Award, Julie’s Bicycle Creative Green Certification, or other external assessment. Actions • Review progress and data from 2020 to update action plans and refine for 2021 targets • Collect data on food to set an industry baseline – including procurement by volume and across key categories, food waste, and improved data on composting and anaerobic digestion rates across the industry • Share case studies and experiences • Engage supply chain through contractual agreements

116 Vision Vision Year Action Actions Some of the most meaningful interventions for emissions reductions we for Long can and need to aspire to include: term ENERGY: • Investment into better specification, real-time monitoring, and energy management for efficiency, resulting in an overall reduction in energy use. Embrace opportunities for introducing smart grid technologies on site. • Sector-wide move away from generator power to mains grid electricity (thus allowing us to benefit from broader investments into grid decarbonisation) and batteries, preferably charged by renewable energy generation either on or off-site. Where generators are unavoidable, specify sustainably sourced traceable biofuel from suppliers, and continue working on due diligence of the biofuel supply chain. FOOD: • Significantly scale up sector-wide focus on providing plant-based and lower-meat-and-dairy food options at all events to support a wider cultural shift • Reduce avoidable food waste by 20% by 2025 in accordance with Committee on Climate Change recommendations TRANSPORT: • There are ways in which event organisers can start exercising greater control over how audiences are travelling to events, especially those located at greenfield sites – including setting aside an escalating share of event tickets only available bundled with dedicated coach or public transport travel • Create event-specific and monitored reduction targets for travel and transport emissions from audience, contractor, and artist travel WASTE AND MATERIALS USE: • Eliminate biodegradable waste sent to landfill by 2025 or earlier • Sector-wide introduction of reusable cups, preferably unbranded or generically branded to maximise re-use • Sector-wide focus on refill initiatives to significantly reduce sale of all kinds of single-use packaged water • Sector-wide approach to food serve-ware and packaging, working with waste management contractors and treatment facilities to identify the optimal solution(s) • Sector-wide focus on improving sustainable sourcing of timber and other building materials for set and scenery, and improved re-use and recycling of all set materials

117 MEASURE

PLAN

IMPLEMENT

REVIEW

118

Summary of Recommendations Recommendations 119 Summary of of Summary Summary of Recommendations ENERGY 1. Continue aiming for a 50% reduction in diesel use by 2025 through efficiencies, better specification, and shifting to mains grid and/or battery power. 2. Plan for longer-term phasing out of diesel generators underpinned by greater use of mains grid, battery, and renewable energy sources 3. Build fuel reduction targets into contracts with energy suppliers

RESOURCE USE AND WASTE 1. Reduce total tonnage of waste annually by 5-10% 2. Segregate materials onsite 3. Eliminate biodegradable waste from being sent to landfill 4. Aim for 50% recycling and composting rate (of total materials present onsite) 5. Improve accuracy of reporting

FOOD 1. Establish minimum sourcing standards and trader procurement guidelines 2. Reduce avoidable food waste by at least 20% by 2025 3. Reduce meat and dairy consumption 4. Engage traders with initiatives like the EAT-Lancet planetary health diet 5. Improve data collection on food impacts at events

WATER 1. Use water conserving technology across site 2. Work with contractor to minimise leaks 3. Ensure robust measures are in place to prevent pollution of local waterways

TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT 1. Measure audience, contractor, and artist travel and set reduction targets. 2. Reduce car travel and increase car occupancy, with a focus on high-control measures such as bundling a set proportion of festival tickets with dedicated coach travel for greenfield events. 3. Consider carbon balancing or offsetting initiatives to recognise unavoidable emissions.

120 Summary of Recommendations Summary of Recommendations

MAKING BETTER USE OF WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE BY CUTTING OUT WASTE, WHETHER IT’S FUEL, FOOD, PACKAGING OR CONSUMPTION, OUGHT TO BE A NO-BRAINER AS IT WILL NOT ONLY SAVE MONEY BUT IT COULD SAVE OUR PLANET. Bob Wilson, Head of Events, Greenpeace UK

121 Festival Vision: 2025: Vision: 2025: Festival The Pledge

122 WE AIM TO ACHIEVE A 50% Festival Vision: 2025 – The Pledge REDUCTION IN FESTIVAL- RELATED GHG EMISSIONS BY 2025. We, the UK festival industry, are deeply concerned about the potentially irreversible impacts of the climate crisis. We recognise that the increased GHG emissions caused by human activities is affecting the quality of life of millions of people today and has potentially devastating consequences for future generations. Therefore we pledge that we will play an active role in creating a positive future by: • Taking action to make our businesses and our industry more environmentally sustainable and actively managing our carbon-related impacts. • Speaking out to our audiences and stakeholders and using our creative voices to contribute to the public narrative about positive change. As a participating festival we will put in place measures to achieve this by:

• Reducing waste where possible and • Working together as an industry aiming for 50% recycling rates. to share experiences (positive and negative) about the changes we make, • Reducing reliance on fossil fuels and sharing best practice and working aiming to reduce diesel consumption toward industry standards where by 50% by 2025 compared with 2014 appropriate. figures. • Measuring and recording our key • Working with audiences, suppliers and impacts in order to measure progress. artists to positively influence travel choices and reduce travel-related • Sharing information to enable emissions. (anonymous) annual reporting for the industry e.g. working with Powerful • Working with the supply chain to Thinking and other closely affiliated improve accountability and the organisations such as Julie’s Bicycle sustainability of food sourcing. and A Greener Festival. SIGN UP TO THE PLEDGE AT www.vision2025.org.uk

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123 124

Festival Vision: 2025 – The Pledge 125 Key Resources Key Key Resources Topic Free Guides Industry Paid-for services and Tools Initiatives or specialist consultants

Tracking impact Julie’s Bicycle Creative Festival Industry A Greener Festival Awards Green Tools Green Survey / certification Julie’s Bicycle Creative Green Governance JB Guide to Writing Festival Vision 2025 Julie’s Bicycle Environmental Policy Kambe Events and overall & Action Plan strategy Ideeas Lansdowne Warwick

A Greener Festival

Green Events International

Hope Solutions

Sustainable Sidekicks

Energy Powerful Thinking Powerful Thinking SMART Power Smart Energy Guide management ZAP Concepts Powerful Thinking Energy Logging Factsheets and Templates

Julie’s Bicycle Creative Green Tools

Julie’s Bicycle Biofuels Guidance

Resource Julie’s Bicycle Guide to AIF Drastic on Plastics Hope Solutions Waste Management at Take Your Tent Home – Comp-A-Tent Management Outdoor Events Say No To Single Use A Greener Festival RAW Foundation Making Waves Plastic- Ideeas Free Festivals Guide Sustainable Sidekicks WRAP Understanding plastic packaging and the words we use to describe it [PDF]

Hope Solutions Factsheet - It doesn’t stack up: how disposables compare to reusables

Julie’s Bicycle Sustainable Procurement Guide

126 Key Resources Topic Free Guides Industry Paid-for services and Tools Initiatives or specialist consultants

Transport Julie’s Bicycle Jam Energy Revolution Lansdowne Warwick Packed Audience Travel Report

Energy Revolution Travel Guide

Food Sustain Good Food for 8th Plate CarbonCloud Festivals Guide

The University Caterers Organisation Greenhouse Gas Footprint Calculator for different menu options

Office Impacts Julie’s Bicycle Creative Energy Julie’s Bicycle Practical Guide: Project Greening the Office

Julie’s Bicycle & Good Energy: How to Buy Sustainably Sourced Power

Note this is not a full director of services and suppliers in each of these areas – instead, it is intended as an overview of free guides and resources, industry initiatives, and key consultants/experts able to offer additional support in each area. ABOUT POWERFUL THINKING Powerful Thinking is a not-for-profit industry think-tank founded by the event industry in 2010 to help understand and take action on environmental impacts. Co-founded by Julie’s Bicycle and Chris Johnson (Chair), the group includes: Festival Republic, the Association of Festival Organisers (AFO), the Production Services Association (PSA), the Association of Independent Festivals (AIF), the National Outdoor Events Association (NOEA), the Nationwide Caterers Association (NCASS), Kambe Events, Brown Fox Comms, Lansdowne Warwick and Smart Power.

127 THE FACT IS THAT NO SPECIES HAS EVER HAD SUCH WHOLESALE CONTROL OVER EVERYTHING ON EARTH, LIVING OR DEAD, AS WE NOW HAVE. THAT LAYS UPON US, WHETHER WE LIKE IT OR NOT, AN AWESOME RESPONSIBILITY. IN OUR HANDS NOW LIES NOT ONLY OUR OWN FUTURE, BUT THAT OF ALL OTHER LIVING CREATURES WITH WHOM WE SHARE THE EARTH. Sir David Attenborough

Photo Credit Front/Back Cover: Michelle Roberts for Leeds Festival