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An Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma Arising from Mature Cystic Teratoma with Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastasis: a Case Report

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An Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma Arising from Mature Cystic Teratoma with Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastasis: a Case Report J Gynecol Oncol Vol. 19, No. 4:275-278, December 2008 DOI:10.3802/jgo.2008.19.4.275 Case Report An ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis: a case report Jee Hyun Park1, Sung Ook Whang1, Eun Seop Song1, Suk Jin Choi2, Woo Young Lee1 Departments of 1Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2Pathology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is an uncommon complication. The most common form of malignant transformation of a MCT is squamous cell carcinoma, representing 75% of malignant transformations. The frequency of malignant transformation of MCT to adenocarcinoma is just 6.8%. To the best of our knowledge, no case of para-aortic lymph node metastasis in mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from MCT has been reported before. The prognosis of malignant transformation of the MCT is very poor. Here, we report an unusual case of a 41-year-old woman with mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from MCT with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. Key Words: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, Mature cystic teratoma, Para-aortic lymph node INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT The mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common A 41-year-old multiparous woman (gravida 2, para 2) was re- germ cell tumor of ovary, composing more than 20% of all ferred to our hospital from a local hospital with intermittent ovarian neoplasms and occurring at any age, with a peak in- lower abdominal pain and an abdominal palpable mass, begin- cidence in the first two decades of life. Malignant trans- ning one month prior to her visit. In the initial physical exami- formation of a MCT is an uncommon complication occurring nation, an approximately adult head-sized movable cystic in approximately 1-3% of all mature cystic teratomas.1 mass with regular contour was detected in the left lower Although any of the constituent tissues of teratoma has the abdomen. The uterus and right adnexa were not palpable due potential to undergo malignant transformation, squamous to the large mass. The cervix was of normal appearance. There cell carcinoma is the most commonly associated cancer.2 was no induration and no nodular mass of the Douglas pouch. Other tumors arising in a MCT include adenocarcinoma, basal The rectal examination was free. Otherwise her physical ex- cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, thyroid carcino- amination was unremarkable. Pelvic ultrasonogram showed ma, sebaceous carcinoma, malignant melanoma, sarcoma, 13×10 cm sized thickened, multiseptated solid-cystic mass carcinoid tumor, and neuroectodermal tumor.2-4 To the best of our knowledge, there is no report so far that has presented para-aortic lymph node metastasis in mucinous adeno- carcinoma arising from a MCT. We describe the case with un- usual occurrence of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a MCT with para-aortic lymph node metastasis as her only evi- dence of extraovarian disease, which was treated with staging operation and postoperative chemotherapy. Received October 20, 2008, Revised November 17, 2008, Accepted November 18, 2008 Address reprint requests to Woo Young Lee Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, Shinheung-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea Tel: 82-32-890-2270, Fax: 82-32-890-3097 Fig. 1. Pelvic CT shows a 15×9 cm sized multiseptated solid-cystic E-mail: [email protected] mass with internal calcification and fatty component in the left ovary. 275 J Gynecol Oncol Vol. 19, No. 4:275-278, 2008 Jee Hyun Park, et al. with calcification in the left ovary. The uterus and the right Chest radiograph and electrocardiogram were within normal ovary were unremarkable. Pelvic computed tomography limits. The value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) showed a 15×9 cm sized multiseptated solid-cystic mass with was 41.8 ng/ml and that of CA 125 was 45 U/ml. The endo- internal calcification and fatty component in the left ovary metrial biopsy showed late secretary phase. A gastro- (Fig. 1). There was also para-aortic lymph node enlargement duodenoscopy and colon study to exclude other primary can- and ascites. There were no significant abnormal findings in cers metastatic to the ovary were normal. Exploratory lapa- the colon or small intestine. Papanicolaou smear was normal. rotomy was performed. Routine laboratory investigations revealed no abnormalities. On entering the peritoneal cavity, the left ovary was found to Fig. 2. (A) Macroscopic appearance of ovarian tumor shows muliseptated myxoid and mucinous areas and Rokitansky’s protubernace com- posed of osteocartilagenous tissue and hair tufts admixed yellow sebaceous material. The ovarian surface is clear. (B) The cystic portion of the ovary consists of well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma (inset; H&E, ×200), which is intimately associated with dermoid tissue mature cystic teratoma (H&E, ×100). Fig. 3. (A) The tumor cells of the well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma is positive for cytokeratin 20 (left lower) and negative for cy- tokeratin 7 (right lower), suggesting the mucinous tumor must have arisen in the colonic type epithelium of the matue cystic teratoma. (B) The left para-aortic lymph node shows metastasis from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor cells are positive for cytokeratin 7 (left lower) and some of them are positive for cytokeratin 20 (right lower), suggesting that the tumor has originated from the solid area of the ovarian lesion (H&E, ×100). 276 Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma arising from MCT with para-aortic LN metastasis be a over adult- head sized semisolid cystic mass with an in- risk of malignancy is related to age and is substantially greater tact smooth capsule. The frozen biopsy at the operating room in postmenopausal women, the highest incidence being in the disclosed a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma combined with be- fifth and sixth decades of life.5 nign cystic teratoma. The left para-aortic lymph node revealed Malignant change is rarely recognized preoperatively. Most firm and thumb-tip sized enlargement. Hysterectomy with bi- patients with such tumors have symptoms which do not differ lateral salpingo-opherectomy, appendectomy, omentectomy, from those of a uncomplicated mature cystic teratoma. pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection, and peritoneal Adenocarcinoma arising from a benign MCT is extremely lavage were performed. rare. Because of the rarity of these tumors, few studies have Grossly the left ovarian tumor measured 16×16×10 cm and been able to make a preoperative diagnosis. Definitive diag- weighed 1247 gm. It was multilocular mass with an intact nosis is most often rendered postoperatively. smooth capsule. The cut surface of the left ovarian mass dis- Mucinous ovarian tumors occasionally may be associated closed multiseptated myxoid and mucinous areas, and with MCT and the mucinous epithelium in such cases may be Rokitansky’s protubernace composed of osteocartilagenous histologically benign, borderline or malignant.6-11 It is now tissue and hair tufts and mixed yellow sebaceous material. The well-established that cytokeratin (CK) 7/ CK 20 expression ovarian surface was clear (Fig. 2A). The pathologic diagnosis profiles are quite useful for distinguishing primary ovarian was mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a mature cystic mucinous tumors from metastases of the lower intestinal teratoma of the left ovary. The cystic portion of the ovary con- tract origin (appendix, colorectum), as most often exhibit dif- sisted of well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma, which fuse expression of CK 20 coupled with lack of or limited ex- was intimately associated with dermoid tissue mature cystic pression of CK 7, whereas primary gastrointestinal tract mu- teratoma (Fig. 2B). The tumor cells of the well differentiated cinous tumors secondarily involving the ovaries most often (more than 90%) mucinous adenocarcinoma were positive for exhibit diffuse expression of CK 7 coupled with variable ex- cytokeratin 20 and negative for cytokeratin 7, suggesting pri- pression of CK 20 that is often present, but usually patchy mary ovarian mucinous tumor that must have arisen in the co- rather than diffuse.12,13 In our case the mucinous epithelium lonic type epithelium of the mature cystic teratoma (Fig. 3A). was diffusely immnuoreactive for CK 20 and CEA, and neg- The left para-aortic lymph nodes showed metastasis from ative for CK 7. This result suggested that the tumor has origi- poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Fig. 3B). The tumor nated from the solid area of the ovarian lesion. Our patient al- cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 and some of them were so had a raised preoperative serum CA125 and CEA level, sim- positive for cytokeratin 20, suggesting that the tumor origi- ilar to the findings in the previously reported case.14 To the nated from the solid area of the ovarian lesion. The peritoneal best of our knowledge, though there are several reports about cytology was negative for malignancy. There was also a mature occurrence of a mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a cystic teratoma in the right ovary and no recognized abnormal- MCT, there is no report that has presented para-aortic lymph ity in the appendix. Neoplastic cells were not seen in the extra- node metastasis in such cases so far. We describe the case ovarian sites, except for the left para-aortic lymph node. with unusual occurrence of mucinous adenocarcinoma aris- Her postoperative course was not eventful. Eight days after ing from MCT with para-aortic lymph node metastasis as her the operation, adjuvant combination chemotherapy per 3 only evidence of extraovarian disease. weeks using paclitaxel (135 mg/m2) - carboplatin (75 mg/m2) The optimal management of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma - gemcitabine (700 mg/m2) was administered nine times. arising from MCT has not been established. In our case, the Postoperatively, upon the completion of the first chemo- adjuvant combination chemotherapy per 3 weeks using gem- therapy, the values of CA 125 and CEA returned to normal. citabine (700 mg/m2) carboplatin (75 mg/m2) paclitaxel (135 Currently, at 39 postoperative months, the patient is well and mg/m2) was administered because gemcitabine carboplatin disease-free.
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