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Shaoxing-Pingxiang Fault and Late Early Paleozoic Juxtaposition of the Yangtze Block and the West Cathaysia Terrane, South China

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Shaoxing-Pingxiang Fault and Late Early Paleozoic Juxtaposition of the Yangtze Block and the West Cathaysia Terrane, South China Origin and age of the Shenshan tectonic mélange in the Jiangshan- Shaoxing-Pingxiang Fault and late Early Paleozoic juxtaposition of the Yangtze Block and the West Cathaysia terrane, South China Lijun Wang1,2, Kexin Zhang1,3, Shoufa Lin2,†, Weihong He1, and Leiming Yin4 1 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada 3 Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 4 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China ABSTRACT mélange is not an ophiolitic mélange, but extensional tectonics, passive margin evolution, rather a tectonic mélange that formed as a subduction zones, collisional tectonics, strike- When and how the Yangtze Block (Yang- result of movement along the JSP Fault in the slip tectonics, and intracontinental deformations tze) and the West Cathaysia terrane (West early Paleozoic. We suggest that Yangtze and (Naylor, 1982; Harris et al., 1998; Huang et al., Cathaysia) in South China were amalgam- West Cathaysia were two separate microcon- 2008; Festa et al., 2010; Osozawa et al., 2011; ated are critical to a better understanding of tinents, were accreted to two different parts Wakabayashi and Dilek., 2011). Tectonic mé- the Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic of the northern margin of Gondwana in the langes at plate boundaries are commonly sub- evolution of South China and remain highly early Early Paleozoic, and juxtaposed in the ordinate to broken formations and can provide debatable. A key to this debate is the tec- late Early Paleozoic through strike-slip move- much useful information through analyses of tonic significance of the Jiangshan-Shaoxing- ment along the JSP Fault. We further suggest their contact relationships, matrix characteris- Pingxiang (JSP) Fault, the boundary between that the ca. 820 Ma collision in the Jiangnan tics and detailed studies of the blocks (e.g., Fes- Yangtze and West Cathaysia. The Shenshan Orogen took place between Yangtze and a ta et al., 2010, Robertson and Ustaömer, 2011; mélange along the JSP Fault has the typical (micro)continent that is now partly preserved Zhang et al., 2014; Raymond, 2019). Mélanges block-in-matrix structure and is composed as the Huaiyu terrane and was not related to at plate boundaries are not only of the subduc- of numerous shear zone-bounded slivers/ West Cathaysia. We compare our model for tion-accretion-related types but also other types lenses of rocks of different types and ages that South China with the accretion of terranes in that are not directly associated with the closure formed in different tectonic environments, the North American Cordillera and propose of oceans (e.g., strike-slip mélanges). Under- including middle to late Tonian volcanic and a similar model for the relationship between standing the mélange-forming processes and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks (turbidite) the Avalon and Meguma terranes in the Ca- related units in the geological record is of first- of arc/back-arc affinity, a series of middle nadian Appalachians, i.e., the two terranes order significance in understanding the tectonic Tonian ultramafic to mafic plutonic rocks of were accreted to two different parts of the evolution of mountain belts and the amalgama- oceanic island basalt affinity, a carbonaceous Laurentian margin and were later juxtaposed tion of terranes. This requires documentation of shale that was deposited in a deep marine through margin-parallel strike slip faulting. the spatial and temporal relationships between environment, and a red mudstone. U-Pb zir- the mélange-forming processes and tectonics. con ages and acritarch assemblages (Leios- INTRODUCTION The Jiangshan-Shaoxing-Pingxiang Fault phaeridia-Brocholaminaria association) found (JSP Fault; Fig. 1B) is one of the most important in the turbidite confirm its Tonian age, and Mélanges are mappable units or bodies of fault zones in South China and is traditionally fossils from the carbonaceous shale (Asterid- rocks characterized by a lack of internal conti- considered as the boundary between the Yang- ium-Comasphaeridium and Skiagia-Celtibe- nuity of contacts or strata and by the inclusion tze Block (Yangtze) and the Cathaysia Block rium-Leiofusa) constrains its age to the Early of blocks of different ages and origins in a fine- (Cathaysia) (Ren et al., 1990, 1998; Guo et al., to Middle Cambrian. Field relationships and grained matrix (typically shale/slate, sandstone, 1989; Wang and Mo, 1995; Xu et al., 1992; available age data leave no doubt that the ul- or serpentinite and less commonly carbonate, Li, 1993; Zhang et al., 2015b). Some studies tramafic-mafic rocks are exotic blocks (rather evaporate, or volcanic rocks) (block-in-matrix suggest that it is a Neoproterozoic suture zone than intrusions) in the younger metasedimen- fabric) (Greenly, 1919; Hsü, 1968; Silver and resulting from the amalgamation between the tary rocks. We conclude that the Shenshan Beutner, 1980; Raymond, 1984). Mélanges are two blocks (Shui 1986; Shu et al., 2014; Yao not unique to subduction/accretion zones, as they et al., 2019) and was reactivated in the early Shoufa Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172- also occur in other tectonic or sedimentary envi- Paleozoic to accommodate intraplate deforma- 922X ronments (Raymond, 1984; Festa et al., 2010; tion between them (Sun et al., 2018), where- †Corresponding author: [email protected]. Zhang et al., 2014). They can be associated with as others argue that it is an early Paleozoic GSA Bulletin; Month/Month 2021; 0; p. 1–17; https://doi.org/10.1130/B35963.1; 14 figures; 1 supplemental file. published online 7 April 2021 © 2021 The Authors. Gold Open Access: 1 This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license. Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/doi/10.1130/B35963.1/5400065/b35963.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Lijun Wang et al. A B Figure 1. (A) Map showing the tectonic-stratigraphic divisions of China (modified from Zhang et al., 2015b). (B) Map show- ing the tectonic framework of South China (modified from Zhao and Cawood, 2012; Lin et al., 2018a). subduction-accretionary zone (He et al., 2015; the mélange, its relationship with the JSP Fault terrane and Southwest terrane (Yao et al., 2019). Qin et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015b; Dong, and implications of our results for the tectonic The Northeast Jiangxi Fault is the suture zone 2016; Pan et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2018). Ex- significance of the JSP Fault, the Neoprotero- between the Huaiyu and Jiuling terranes (Zhang posed in the middle segment of the JSP Fault zoic to Paleozoic evolution of South China, and et al., 2015a; Lin et al., 2018a). Following the as- is the Shenshan mélange (Fig. 1B) which was the position of South China in the Gondwana sembly between the two terranes at ca. 820 Ma, previously considered to be an early Paleozoic supercontinent. In particular, we emphasize the the Jiangnan Orogen underwent regional exten- subduction-accretionary mélange or ophiolitic importance of strike-slip faulting in the tectonic sion, resulting in the development of the Nanhua mélange (Pan et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016). evolution of South China. Rift Basin (Wang and Li, 2003; Li et al., 2005; However, the presence of the mélange has Shu et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012; Wang et al., been disputed; Yang et al. (2012) and Wang GEOLOGICAL SETTING 2014). This was followed by the deposition of et al. (2019) suggest that the lithological units Cryogenian to early Paleozoic successions in involved are all of Neoproterozoic ages and the South China was previously considered to this basin, characterized by earlier clastic rocks volcano-sedimentary rocks form part of a con- have formed by the amalgamation of Yangtze to sourced from Yangtze, tillite, dolostone cap, and tinuous volcano-sedimentary sequence, intrud- the northwest and Cathaysia to the southeast, re- later (passive margin) platform and basin and ed by mafic and ultramafic rocks, all formed in sulting in the intervening Jiangnan Orogen (Guo slope facies (Fig. 2). The rift system features the a middle to late Neoproterozoic rift basin (the et al., 1989; Charvet et al., 1996; Li et al., 2002; Tonian to Cambrian sedimentary sequences in Nanhua Rift Basin). Thus, it is important for a Zhao and Cawood, 2012; Zhang et al., 2013). the Jiangnan Orogen (Fig. 2B). better understanding of the tectonic evolution The most recent studies suggest that the Jiang- Across the JSP Fault, Cathaysia is divided into of South China to investigate if the Shenshan nan Orogen and Cathaysia formed by accretion/ the West Cathaysia terrane (West Cathaysia) and mélange is truly a mélange and, if so, what collision of multiple terranes at different times, the East Cathaysia terrane (East Cathaysia) by type of mélange (ophiolitic mélange or not) involving arc-continent accretion, continent- the Northwest Fujian Fault (Fig. 1B; Lin et al., and of what age (Paleozoic or Neoproterozoic). continent collision, and orogen-parallel large- 2018a). West Cathaysia is featured by two suites In this paper, we report results of a detailed scale strike-slip motion (Fig. 1B; Yin et al., 2013; of Neoproterozoic arc rocks (Fig. 2B). The ear- field-based investigation of the Shenshan mé- Xia et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2018a, 2018b; Yao lier suite includes ca. 1.0–0.9 Ga meta-rhyolite lange. After a brief introduction of the geologi- et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2020b). and meta-basalt that sporadically occur in the cal setting, we describe the various lithologies in The Jiangnan Orogen occurs to the north of Yunkai and Wuyi domains (Wang et al., 2013b; the mélange and present U-Pb geochronological the JSP Fault (Fig.
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