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Middle–Late Devonian and Early Permian magmatic events in East Asia Discovery of Middle–Late Devonian and Early Permian magmatic events in East Asia and their implication for the Indosinian orogeny in South China: Insights from the sedimentary record Xinchang Zhang1,2, Yuejun Wang2,†, Ron Harris3, Yi Yan1, and Yi Zheng2 1 Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China 3Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, S389 Eyring Science Center, Provo, Utah 84602, USA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION and Clift, 2008; Wang et al., 2005, 2013; Shu et al., 2008, 2009, 2015; Zhang et al., 2013). In Whether the driver of the Indosinian During the Late Permian to Triassic, several contrast, others have argued that the deforma­ orogeny in the South China block was re- major continental blocks, including Sibumasu, tion and magmatism in the South China block lated to the evolution of the Paleotethyan Indochina, South China, and North China, ulti­ were influenced by the subduction of the Paleo­ Ocean or the Paleo-Pacific Ocean has been mately were amalgamated (Fig. 1; Metcalfe, Pacific Ocean along the southeastern margin a point of much debate. We applied detrital 1996, 2013; Lepvrier et al., 1997, 2004; Faure of the South China block (Fig. 2C; Carter and zircon U-Pb dating to Permian–Triassic et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2018). This amalga­ Clift, 2008; X.H. Li et al., 2006, 2012; Z.X. Li sedi mentary rocks from South China to mation controlled the tectonic framework of et al., 2012; Li and Li, 2007; Zhu et al., 2014; trace sediment provenance and to further East Asia, as well as the construction of the ba­ Pang et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2015). How­ test these models. Our results, combined sic tectonic pattern of the South China block by ever, the onset of Paleo­Pacific subduction is with other published data from the Ping- the end of the Indosinian orogeny (Ren, 1964, controversial (e.g., Taylor and Hayes, 1983; xiang, Youjiang, Yong’an, and Yongding Ba- 1991; Zhang et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013; Engebretson et al., 1985; Li and Li, 2007; Hen­ sins, show that 400–350 Ma and 300–260 Ma Shu et al., 2015). However, during this time, nig et al., 2017; Breitfeld et al., 2017). For ex­ zircon grains are ubiquitous throughout the the South China block was in the dynamic ample, Li and Li (2007) have speculated that entirety of southern South China. This indi- environment of eastern Tethys expansion and this subduction started in the earliest Permian cates regional magmatic events as potential Pangea assembly, and surrounded by different (ca. 280 Ma) or at least in the Triassic (Hen­ sources. The discovery of Middle–Late De- plates, including the Paleotethyan Ocean to the nig et al., 2017; Breitfeld et al., 2017), whereas vonian and Early Permian igneous rocks, west and the Paleo­Pacific Ocean to the south­ Engebretson et al. (1985) argued that it did not tuffs, and volcaniclastic rocks in Southeast east (Metcalfe, 2002, 2013; Li and Li, 2007; commence until the Early–Middle Jurassic (see Asia and Hainan Island implies the presence Wang et al., 2013, 2018; Faure et al., 2014). In also in Metcalfe, 1996, 2002; Veevers, 2004; of two magmatic events (400–350 Ma and part because of its complex tectonic position Shu et al., 2015). 300–260 Ma) within or beyond the southern and later strong tectonic modification (e.g., One way of resolving this problem is by in­ margin of South China. This information, during the Yanshanian movement, ca. 190–80 vestigating the sedimentary record in the South together with the mostly negative εHf(t) val- Ma; Chen and Jahn, 1998; Li and Li, 2007), China block, to determine whether it is related ues of 400–350 Ma and 300–260 Ma zircon the driver for the Indosinian orogeny in the to the convergence of the Paleotethys or influ­ grains, arc-like geochemical signatures of South China block has long been a point of enced by the subduction of the Paleo­Pacific. the possible source rocks, and the regional much debate. Sedimentary sequences record significant infor­ geology of East Asia, suggests that they Some authors have considered that orogene­ mation about their source rocks and can be fur­ origi nated from sources related to Paleo- sis was driven by continental collisions, includ­ ther used to identify their depositional environ­ tethyan and even Proto-Tethyan subduc- ing the collision between the South China block ment, tectonic setting, and continental growth tion. Thus, Permian–Triassic sedimentation and Indochina block (Fig. 2A; Lepvrier et al., (Spencer et al., 2016; X.C. Zhang et al., 2017; and the Indosinian orogeny in South China 2004; Yang and He, 2012; Yang et al., 2012; Breitfeld et al., 2018; Hennig et al., 2018). Thus, were largely controlled by the evolution of Faure et al., 2014, 2016; Qiu et al., 2017), col­ the Upper Permian to Upper Triassic sedimen­ the Tethyan Ocean. lision between the Sibumasu and Indochina tary rocks that are now exposed in an area where blocks (Metcalfe, 2011, 2013), or intraconti­ the Paleotethys and Paleo­Pacific tectonic zones †Corresponding author: wangyuejun@ mail .sysu nental reworking with an indirect link to sub­ overlapped may provide one of the best oppor­ .edu.cn. duction of surrounding plates (Fig. 2B; Carter tunities for elucidating the geodynamic frame­ GSA Bulletin; Month/Month 2019; v. 131; no. X/X; p. 1–18; https://doi.org/10.1130/B35032.1; 10 figures; 1 table; Data Repository item 2019018.; published online XX Month 2016. For permission to copy, contact [email protected] Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 1XX, no. XX/XX 1 © 2019 Geological Society of America Downloaded from https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/doi/10.1130/B35032.1/4655206/b35032.pdf by Brigham Young University user on 28 March 2019 Xinchang Zhang et al. A Early Permian C 30 North China Nanjing N NC Xiangf lt an-G u P Dabashan zone A Paleote u Fa SC angj NG 0 t NI Kongling i Fa anlu hys u T E SI Complex lt A Hangzhou Wuhan Mesote t SQ S t 30 hys n Faul ha es RALIA u Fault iy an INDIA Q g Fault ngn AUST Cili -Baoji n Jia t Huna n Nanchang ul Sichua n a ult Songpan ao Fa u F g-S h p Jian a -Ganzi t n ai Changsha n he-D m yi g Faul ai n Do m e g Wu t Zh l Do en Guizho u f u Yong'an e Jiangxi Xu Basin Guiyang ng Fa Fuzhou Xianshuihe e ch Fujian Z o F DF SM -Lu a Yunnan Yongding Anhu Guilin Basin Kunming 3 Meizhou Youjiang Basin t ul Guangxi Guangdong Fa e ao -Nan Guangzhou e plat gl fic Napo an i Nanning Ch c in ta J n 2 Kaiping Pa in Ho NF -S shajiang-A ng P SWB o he Mou ng M Faul B t kai a F Pingxiang F n au ila BC Yu lt os Indochina han 1 Qinzhou Legends Haikou Permian-Triassic sequences Sample locations in published literatures Indosinian(257–205 Ma) granites Triassic samples S ima fic Permian(290–255 Ma) granites Permian samples o i J c Ba A Fig.1C a Early Carboniferous samples ngxi-Ch SB P Kwangsian(460–400 Ma) granites enxing Precambrian granites Late Devonian samples Hainan CMS Major fault Sample locations in this study B 500km Figure 1. (A) Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Tethyan region for the Early Permian (modified from Metcalfe, 2013; Wang et al., 2018). Abbreviations: NC—North China block; SC—South China block; NI—Indochina block; SQ—South Qiangtang; SI—Simao; S— Sibumasu. (B) Tectonic framework of East Asia (modified from Metcalfe, 2002; Hu et al., 2015b). JASB—Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan–Song Ma belt; CMSB—Changning-Menglian and Chiangmai suture zone. (C) Simplified geological map of the South China block (modified from Yang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). The locations of previous detrital zircon U-Pb age analyses are shown (Yang et al., 2012; Yang and He, 2012; Liang et al., 2013; X.H. Li et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2014, 2015a, 2015b; Wang et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2014). ZDF— Ziyun-Danchi fault; SMF—Shizong-Mile fault; BCF—Bobai-Cengxi fault; PNF—Pingxiang-Nanning fault; SWB—Shiwandashan Basin. work of the South China block. In this study, we sin, Shiwandashan Basin, Pingxiang Basin, and GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND carried out detrital zircon U­Pb age dating and Laowangzhai region in the west side of Yunkai Hf isotope analysis of Upper Permian to Upper Mountain; Yong’an and Yongding Basins on It is well acknowledged that the architecture Triassic sedimentary rocks in the southeastern the east side of Yunkai Mountain), we further of Asia resulted from the amalgamation of large and southern South China block to determine discuss its tectonic setting and possibly two continents, including the South China, North their provenance (Fig. 1C). Together with a large­scale magmatic events that occurred in China, Sibumasu, and Indochina blocks, and comprehensive analysis of the petrography and the Middle–Late Devonian and Early Permian, several microcontinents (e.g., Metcalfe, 2013; sedimentology of rocks exposed in the other ba­ either within or outboard of the southern South Fig. 1A). These blocks are interpreted to have sins in the South China block (e.g., Youjiang Ba­ China block.
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    Zhang et al.: Imported Fire Ants in Mainland China 723 AN OVERVIEW OF THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN MAINLAND CHINA RUNZHI ZHANG1,2, YINGCHAO LI1, NING LIU1 AND SANFORD D. PORTER3 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2E-mail: [email protected] 3USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 ABSTRACT The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is a serious invasive insect that is native to South America. Its presence was officially announced in mainland China in Jan 2005. To date, it has been identified in 4 provinces in mainland China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) in a total of 31 municipal districts. The total area reported to be infested by S. invicta in late 2006 was about 7,120 ha, mainly in Guangdong Province (6,332 ha). Most of the re- ported human stings are in the heavily infested area around Wuchuan City. The most com- monly reported reactions have been abnormal redness of the skin, sterile pustules, hives, pain, and/or fever. It has been predicted that most of mainland China is viable habitat for red imported fire ants, including 25 of 31 provinces. The probable northern limit of expan- sion reaches Shandong, Tianjing, south Henan, and Shanxi provinces. Traditional and new insecticides including the bait N-butyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide and the contact insecti- cide Yichaoqing have been developed and used to control S. invicta. The Ministry of Agricul- ture and the Chinese government have established an 8-year eradication program (2006 to 2013) for S.