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A Framework for GIS and Safe Routes to School

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A Framework for GIS and Safe Routes to School A Framework for GIS and Safe Routes Bakersfield - Pedestrian or Bicycle Collisions Near School Sites (2007-2009) Standard Elementary Norris Elementary to School ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Beardsley Elementary ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ? ^ ^ ^ ?? ^ ? Bakersfield City Elementary ^^ ? ^ Fruitvale Elementary ^ ? Rosedale Union Elementary ^ ^ ?^ Schools by % FRPM* ^ ^ ^ ^ Improving^ Unknown ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Edison Elementary ^ ^ ^ High Income (<40) ? ? Data Collection, ^? ^ Middle Income (40-75) ? ^ ? Access^ Low Iandncome ( >75) ^ ^ ?^^ ^ ? ^ ? UsageFairfax ElemMenrgtaeryd or Closed Schools ^? ? ^ Pedestrian or Bicycle Collisions ^ ^ ? ^ ^ ^ ? ^? ^ Injury ?^ ^ ^ ^ Panama-Buena Vista Union Elementary Fatality ?^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ? Safe Routes Grants Awarded** ?^ ^ ") Infrastructure ^ ") ^ ^ ^ Non-Infrastructure ^ Greenfield Union Elementary ") Both ^ ^ Collisions within 1/2 Mile ^ ^ ^ 0 Lamont Elementary ^ 1 - 4 ^ ^ Lakeside Union Elementary 5 - 8 9 - 17 ¯ 0 0.5 1 Miles 18 - 303 Vineland Elementary *Schools classified according to percentage of students eligible for the Free/Reduced Price Meal Program (2010). Sources: California Public School **Safe Routes to School awards include state and federal Database; SWITRS 2007-2009; Bing Maps funding from 2005 - 2011. Table of Contents 01 Executive Summary 03 Introduction 04 Background 06 Data Collection 08 Findings from the Field 10 The Top Ten List 14 GIS and Active Transportation: Recommendations 17 GIS Specific to Safe Routes to School 21 Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 23 Footnotes front cover bottom photo courtesy U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District photo above courtesy Lee Toma on Flickr A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As Safe Routes to School programs have increased across the country, a clear need for better data management at the national level has become apparent. Many communities and Safe Routes to School programs have used Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping in assessments of the built environment and promotional campaigns, but because there is not a central place to store data, this information is stuck, in a sense, at the local level, and often not accessible to local champions. This leads to minimal sharing and discovery of local data and a lack of continuity in data collection on a national scale. In light of this, the Safe Routes to School This group of experts first discussed National Partnership brought 15 experts valuable tools and collections of data that from various GIS-related fields to Austin, already exist at the federal, state and local Texas in April 2013 to discuss existing levels. They identified ways that the federal datasets and what is not being collected, government could improve data collection how the general public can create and access through federal funding processes and data, existing tools and technology and what possible solutions to assist communities that is needed to improve data connectivity and lack the funding or staff to collect data. mapping, how GIS could be better utilized in Safe Routes to School and other active transportation initiatives, and how to create a national bicycling and walking database. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTINUED The two biggest discussions that came out The Top Ten datasets list was recommended of the meeting were for 1) a national as a way to ensure that data from across database that could store data which could the country can be collected and compared. be easily accessed via the internet, and 2) While most recommended datasets had to a standard Top Ten list of datasets that do with infrastructure such as the presence should be collected when communities of sidewalks, striped crosswalks, and bicycle assess built environment conditions for facilities, the group consistently came back bicycling and walking. to one question: “Do people feel safe walking or riding a bicycle here?” Regardless One way to make the data accessible is to of the presence or absence of sidewalks, use open source, where the underlying paths, crosswalks, crossing guards or traffic software code is freely available to all users, calming devices, if people do not feel safe, and open data, where the data is available they are less likely to walk or ride a bicycle. for anyone to access and use. The biggest By using GIS to map where people do advantage to these approaches is that users and do not feel safe at a particular block are not constrained to one private GIS or street, a community can then evaluate company or tool and they can access and why they feel that way and then address use data as soon as it has been uploaded. the specific problems. In order to feed data into a national Our goal is that this report will advance database, there needs to be a software conversations regarding ways that GIS can application (app) and/or standards for assist Safe Routes to School programs and mobile devices that allow champions, how to go about creating a national active After discussing the basics of GIS, how it is parents, communities and schools to easily transportation database. GIS is an extremely currently being used in the active transporta- assess and map sidewalks, bicycle lanes and powerful tool for numerous reasons, especially tion world and the major players that are crosswalks, produce quality maps, and as it allows people to have a more complete involved, the group made several recommen- upload data. Mobile devices are an impor- picture of what is happening in their own dations. Some recommendations were easy to tant component of the database, as they communities, states and the nation. make, while other topics, such as how to go allow information to be quickly and easily about funding a national database, will require uploaded to the database. more discussion with important players in the future. photo courtesy U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District 2 INTRODUCTION Safe Routes to School is a national and international movement to get more students walking and bicycling to school and in daily life. Safe Routes to School initiatives can save money, decrease traffic congestion, increase safety, improve health and have long-term positive economic impacts for communities that are interested and willing to make the initial investment. A critical first step for any initiative is to As Safe Routes to School programs have The first step in the effort to increase the perform an inventory of the built environ- increased across the country, a clear need number of communities using GIS for Safe ment around the school to identify existing for a national inventory of walking and Routes to School and active transportation sidewalks, sidewalk gaps, needed sidewalk bicycling facilities has become apparent. is to create a clear understanding of what improvements, bicycle facilities, and traffic Many communities have done assessments needs to be done and where to begin. In safety hotspots, and to assess the environ- of their built environment conditions, this report, we will address ways to collect ment where students live and play. Many but because there is not a central place to consistent data, using GIS to improve Safe programs create maps that outline the safest store data, this information is “stuck” at the Routes to School efforts, and where all the routes to and from school, highlighting local level. This leads to minimal sharing data needs to be kept. infrastructure elements such as crossings, of data and a lack of continuity in data stoplights and bicycle lanes. collection on a national scale. As a result, it is difficult to demonstrate the cumulative The number of people viewing the world impact of Safe Routes to School successes from the perspective of a map has greatly across the country and to make the case that increased thanks to the use of the internet; bicycling and walking is under-resourced various Global Positioning System (GPS) throughout the nation. However, local devices such as smartphones enable people communities may or may not be collecting to get directions, view images and make data on bicycling and walking, and many maps. Geographic Information Systems people do not yet understand the value (GIS) is a tool that can help map walking and possibility of collecting datasets and routes within a community, identify existing using GIS to benefit and other active infrastructure, safety and equity problems, transportation and health initiatives. and provide clues to better understand complex issues. GIS is a commonly used tool within the planning sector. There are thousands of GIS datasets, and communities all over the country are now using GIS in planning, implementation and evaluation efforts. It is also gaining traction among champions. By tapping into this new paradigm, communities can collect and disseminate data and have a more complete picture of what is happening at the local level by integrating GIS technology. 3 BACKGROUND In April 2013, the Safe Routes to School National Partnership (National Partnership) brought together fifteen Geographic Information System (GIS) experts in Austin, Texas to discuss the development of a framework for the use of GIS in active transportation. (A list of attendees is available at the end of the report.) Because GIS covers such a broad spectrum, experts from various active transportation and GIS-related professions were invited to participate. Several of these experts specialize in technol- After the meeting, the National Partnership ogy that focuses on walking and bicycling staff created this report based on meeting applications, others focus on education work notes to give an overview of GIS, data involving
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