ES48CH01-Fahrig ARI 18 September 2017 16:55 Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Ecological Responses to Habitat Fragmentation Per Se Lenore Fahrig Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; email:
[email protected] Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2017. 48:1–23 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on landscape pattern, landscape structure, landscape configuration, landscape May 31, 2017 complementation, landscape connectivity, landscape heterogeneity, patch The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and area, patch isolation, edge effect, SLOSS Systematics is online at ecolsys.annualreviews.org https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316- Abstract 022612 For this article, I reviewed empirical studies finding significant ecological Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. responses to habitat fragmentation per se—in other words, significant re- All rights reserved sponses to fragmentation independent of the effects of habitat amount (here- after referred to as habitat fragmentation). I asked these two questions: Are most significant responses to habitat fragmentation negative or positive? And do particular attributes of species or landscapes lead to a predominance of negative or positive significant responses? I found 118 studies reporting ANNUAL REVIEWS Further 381 significant responses to habitat fragmentation independent of habitat Click here to view this article's amount. Of these responses, 76% were positive. Most significant fragmen- online features: • Download figures as PPT slides tation effects were positive, irrespective of how the authors controlled for • Navigate linked references • Download citations habitat amount, the measure of fragmentation, the taxonomic group, the type • Explore related articles • Search keywords of response variable, or the degree of specialization or conservation status of the species or species group.