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The American Dream As Revealed Through the Characters in Lorraine Hansberry’S a Raisin in the Sun

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The American Dream As Revealed Through the Characters in Lorraine Hansberry’S a Raisin in the Sun THE AMERICAN DREAM AS REVEALED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN LORRAINE HANSBERRY’S A RAISIN IN THE SUN AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ANTALASI FEBRISA Student Number: 034214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 THE AMERICAN DREAM AS REVEALED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN LORRAINE HANSBERRY’S A RAISIN IN THE SUN AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ANTALASI FEBRISA Student Number: 034214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i ii iii For to me to live is Christ to die is gain (Philippians 1: 21) Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your God works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. (Matthew 5: 16) There is always something left to love. And if you ain’t learned that, you ain’t learned nothing. (Lorraine Hansberry) iv v I sincerely dedicate this undergraduate thesis to My beloved Father and Mother My beloved Aunt Herminta My beloved Sister Astrid and Brother Andri My beloved Opa Sukardi in the hope of a better future vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my living Savior Jesus Christ who gives me His love, blessing and guidance. He gives me the capability and the strength in accomplishing my thesis. I would not be able to finish this thesis without Him. I would also give my deepest and everlasting gratitude to my dad, Drs. Sapto Rahardjo and my mom, Rumiris Rotua Hasiolan Silitonga for their endless love, limitless support, patience and most of all, prayers, that have always been given to me. I would also give thanks and my appreciation to my aunt, Herminta Rusmimariani Silitonga for her love, support, guidance and prayer. My huge thanks go to my sister, Astrid and my brother, Andri for their support and encouragement that have been given to me. To all my family members anywhere that I cannot mention here one by one: thank you for all your support and prayer in finishing my study. I would also give my deepest gratitude to my beloved Opa Drs. M.J.U. Sukardi who gives me his love, support, guidance, advise, time and prayers during my study and thesis writing. Without you, I cannot finish my study properly. They are one of my main reasons that have motivated me to write this thesis. I love you all and may Jesus Christ always bless you. I would like to thank my advisor, Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum. for her support, corrections and suggestions in completing this thesis. I also would like to thank my co-advisor G. Fajar Sasmita Aji, S.S., M.Hum. for his suggestions, ideas and critical corrections. This thesis would never been done without the great help from them. I also would like to thank Dewi Widyastuti, vii S.Pd., M.Hum., a generous academic advisor, all lecturers of the English Letters Department who had led, taught and guided me through all teaching-learning process during my study at the university. To the staff members of English Letters Department especially Mbak Nik who have given the best administration services, thank you very much. I would like to use this opportunity to offer my deep gratitude and appreciation to YBO-PGI, my sponsors who are united in Ausbildungshilfe – Christian Education Fund Kassel, Germany, the board of YBO and staff: Mr. Johannes Tomasowa and Mr. Sumurung Lumbantoruan, board of Ausbildungshilfe – Christian Education Fund: Rev. Eberhard Will and Mr. Neville Williamson who have given me financial helps and prayers. Jesus Christ blesses you and let Jesus Christ Himself repays my sponsors’ kindness. Amen. My thanks also go to my best friends: Dian, Lia, Amy, Anna, Ditha for their wonderful friendship, support and encouragement during my study. I also deeply thank my Man and Superman’s friends and crew for such a valuable experience. I am very grateful to all of my friends of the 2003 Class. It has been really great to know all of you, guys. I love you all, success and may God always bless you! I’ll be missing you. Thanks to others who I have not mentioned but, who of course, have given me certain supports. The journey has just begun… Antalasi Febrisa viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. i APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ................................................................................. iii MOTTO PAGE ............................................................................................. iv DECICATION PAGE ................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDMENTS ................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... x ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ......................................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ...................................................................... 6 D. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ............................................... 8 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................ 8 B. Review of Related Theories .............................................................. 11 1. Character and Characterization ................................................. 10 2. Theory of American Dream ...................................................... 14 C. Review on the Historical/ Biographical Background ........................ 17 1. Racism/ Racial Discrimination in the 1950s ............................. 17 2. Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s ......................................... 20 D. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................... 22 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 24 A. Object of the Study ............................................................................ 24 B. Approach of the Study ....................................................................... 25 C. Method of the Study .......................................................................... 26 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 28 A. The Characterization in A Raisin in the Sun ...................................... 28 1. Lena Younger ............................................................................ 28 2. Beneatha Younger ..................................................................... 31 3. Ruth Younger ............................................................................ 35 4. Walter Lee Younger .................................................................. 37 B. American Dream Revealed Through Each Character in A Raisin in The Sun ...................................................... 41 1. Lena Younger ............................................................................ 41 2. Beneatha Younger ..................................................................... 46 3. Ruth Younger ............................................................................ 51 4. Walter Lee Younger .................................................................. 54 ix CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .................................................................... 60 BIBLIOGRPHY ............................................................................................ 63 APPENDIX Appendix 1 ............................................................................................ 67 x ABSTRACT ANTALASI FEBRISA. The American Dream As Revealed Through The Characters in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2008. A Raisin in the Sun written by Lorraine Hansberry explores “American Dream”. This play depicts the lives of African-Americans in 1950s struggling to gain their dreams and the obstacles they had to face in pursuing their dreams. Each character in A Raisin in the Sun has her/his own dream of having a better life in various different aspects of life. Each character has to struggle to pursue the dreams, because they have to deal with the oppressive circumstances that defer the dreams. In the play, even though racial discrimination is faced by each African- American character, each character still lives with her/his “American Dream”. There are two objectives of the study. The first objective is to identify the characteristics of Lena, Beneatha, Ruth and Walter and how they are depicted in the play. The second one is to find out how the American Dream is revealed through the characters of Lena, Beneatha, Ruth and Walter in Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun. In this thesis,
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