Lizzie Lloyd Thesis FINAL Feb 2019
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This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Lloyd, Lizzie Title: Art Writing and Subjectivity Critical Association in Art-Historical Practice General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Art Writing and Subjectivity: Critical Association in Art-Historical Practice Lizzie Lloyd A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Arts. School of Humanities, September 2018 Word Count: 68,802 !ii Abstract This thesis stages three pairings of artworks and texts – Francisco de Zurbarán and Susan Sontag (chapter 2); Walter Pater and Peter Doig (chapter 3); Michael Simpson and Gertrude Stein (chapter 4) – that are connected through a perceived material and phenomenological association articulated through my writing. The basis for their connection is neither historical, thematic nor causal. The matter of writing in this thesis is, therefore, key: it is used less as a vehicle to convey falsifiable findings than as a means to generate ideas, and an exploratory performance of research. As a result, its form, style and timbre is highly contingent on its physical, emotive and intellectual encounters with particular artworks and texts. The character of each chapter is distinct in tone, mood and content because these qualities materialise through the occasion of their writing; they are individuated ‘bespoke’ responses where my words in each chapter are ‘site-specific’, alive to the landscape of particular images and words, enacting and bearing witness to the critical nature of association at stake in each chapter. In this way, fundamental questions emerge around how the coupling of texts and images suggest themselves. How do they unfold in thought and writing? And what is the value and implication of foregrounding the development of their association as the objective of research in its own right? This manner of approaching art and writing harnesses subjectivity as an active, responsive, and ultimately improvisatory, mode of thought and feeling while simultaneously maintaining productive tension with the discipline of art history at large. Since subjectivity here makes itself felt in the way that it asserts itself through the writing into association of each pairing – through, for example, description, affective response, experimental rendering and serendipitous detour – the manner of its writing is both reflective and performative. This thesis focuses on the practice rather than the product of research, asking what an approach like this can add to disciplines like criticism, art history, and art writing. !iii !iv Acknowledgements This thesis began under the supervision of Elizabeth Prettejohn whose support of my work through my Master’s dissertation spurred me to develop the text that appears here. When she left University of Bristol for University of York, Andrew Ginger’s scholarly rigour and daring, as well as his generosity of spirit, became invaluable. Peter Dent joined my supervisory team late on but his comments and advice have, nonetheless, been crucial. Grace Brockington has been with me throughout, her trust in me even through my inarticulate gesticulations and many an unfinished (non) sentence has been unwavering. Many thanks also go to my examiners, Gavin Parkinson and Simon Shaw-Miller, whose feedback and suggestions got right to the heart of things. Elements of this thesis have been presented at various conferences, workshops and seminars. Most valuable of these was ‘Situate Yourself’ (2012, Concordia University, Canada) and ‘Hybrid Writing: Literature as Criticism, Criticism as Literature’ (2016, University of East Anglia, UK) for which I thank the conference convenors for their inclusion of my work and the attendees for their support and critique. Thank you to Rebecca O’Dwyer for extending an invitation to me to contribute to her project ‘Response to a Request’, a version of which forms part of chapter 3 here. Thanks to Bruce Haddock and James Wakefield with whom I worked between in 2013 and 2014 on the translations of Giovanni Gentile which are referenced throughout this thesis. Thanks to Michael Simpson for your many conversations. Three funded writing residencies – at the Arvon Foundation (supported by Visual Arts South West), at Arnolfini Gallery and in Plymouth for the Art Writers Group (funded by Arts Council England) – have given me invaluable opportunities to keep at it. Throughout this process a number of artists, writers, curators and editors have helped hone my writing by offering me freelance opportunities to write for, with and about them. You know who you are – thanks for taking a chance on me. And to my family: In many more ways than one neither I nor this text would be here without my parents whose support and patience have been a wonder. My children, Archie, Emmett and Len – the oldest of whom was a mere 7 years when I began – have been a source of constant amazement and necessary distraction (even if I didn’t always know it at the time). Thank you, boys, for your patience, your mid- sentence shoulder massages, and morale-boosting cuddles (I couldn’t see my computer screen at the time but they were worth it). The biggest thanks must go to my husband, Owen, who has fed me, watered me, picked up my pieces, and reminded me, on more than one occasion, that this is just a process. You are the greatest. !v !vi Declaration I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the University’s Regulations and Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, the work is the candidate's own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of, others, is indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the author. SIGNED: ............................................................. DATE:.......................... !vii !viii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Brief Overview 2 Preliminary Thoughts on Structure and Tone 6 Extended Overview Chapter 1 Thinking Around a Poetic Art History 18 Conversation and ‘Poetic Imagining’ 23 Art History as Practice 25 Art Transhistorically 28 The Essay 30 Types of Subjectivity 31 Subjectivity through Art History 37 Subjectivity and Giovanni Gentile 40 The Implications of Matthew Rampley’s Critique 45 A:1 Triangulation 45 A:2 Pursuit of Intimations 48 B:1 Followable Anomalies 50 B:2 On Method 52 C:1 On Knowledge 53 C:2 On Art Writing 54 Art Writing/Creative Criticism/Art Criticism/Art History 56 Chapter 2 ‘Stray Associations’ and Interpretation: Francisco de Zurbarán’s, Still Life with Four Vessels and Susan Sontag 61 Introduction 62 Section 1: Thinking Still Life with Four Vessels 66 Section 2: Enter writing around Zurbarán 73 Section 3: Enter Susan Sontag 78 Section 3.1: Sontag’s Formalism and Sensualism 83 Section 3.2: Making sense of Sontag 86 Section 3.3: Sontag’s Aesthetic Hunger 88 Section 4: When Sontag meets Four Vessels 91 Section 4.1: ‘The truth is balance, but the opposite of truth, which is unbalance, may not be a lie’ 92 Section 4.2: ‘Expounded’ 95 Section 4.3: ‘Soul’ 96 Section 4.4: ‘How it is what it is, even that it is what it is’ 97 Section 4.5: Learning ‘to see more, to hear more, to feel more’ 99 Section 5: In Focus: Sontag’s Art Writing 101 Chapter 3 Time and Confluence: Passing between Peter Doig and Walter Pater 107 A red boat, put one way 108 Passing about the painting 110 A red boat, put another way 112 Not mine but 113 !ix Clustering 121 Drift adrift 124 Reflections go further 127 Reflection across history 129 History, doubled and reflected 132 Accident 141 Pater and contemporary scholarship 144 Closing with water 151 ‘Our place knows us no more’ 154 This chapter has already fallen 157 Chapter 4 Thinking Through: Michael Simpson and Gertrude Stein 160 Beginnings: This is the beginning 161 This is a beginning (of sorts) 164 This is beginning again, by juxtaposition 166 ‘Beginning again and again is a natural thing even when there is a series’ 170 Repetitions: ‘It was all so nearly alike it must be different’ 171 In their repeating something else emerges 180 ‘Can I repeat it’: Essaying (lists) 181 Adverbs: Mechanically 182 Metaphysically 185 Systematically