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1 Jan Opletal UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Pedagogická fakulta Katedra primární pedagogiky Romana Zv ěř ová 4. ro čník – prezen ční studium Obor: U čitelství pro 1. stupe ň ZŠ PO STOPÁCH JANA OPLETALA DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí diplomové práce: Mgr. Jitka Petrová, Ph.D. Olomouc 2010 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatn ě a použila jsem jen uvedených pramen ů a literatury. V Nákle dne 31. b řezna 2010 ---------------------------------- - 2 - Na tomto míst ě bych cht ěla pod ěkovat své vedoucí práce, Mgr. Jitce Petrové, Ph.D. za odborné vedení p ři vypracování diplomové práce, za pomoc, cenné rady a p řipomínky. Cht ěla bych také pod ěkovat mým rodi čů m za psychickou a nemén ě významnou materiální podporu. - 3 - Obsah ÚVOD..................................................................................................................................6 1 JAN OPLETAL...............................................................................................................7 1.1 ŽIVOT JANA OPLETALA ...............................................................................................7 1.1.1 Rodinné zázemí....................................................................................................7 1.1.2 Studium................................................................................................................7 1.1.3 Vojna....................................................................................................................9 1.1.4 Druhá sv ětová válka.......................................................................................... 11 1.2 JAN OPLETAL A LHOTA NAD MORAVOU ....................................................................14 1.3 JAN OPLETAL A NÁKLO .............................................................................................17 1.3.1 Náklo .................................................................................................................17 1.3.2 Škola v Nákle.....................................................................................................18 1.3.3 H řbitov v Nákle .................................................................................................20 1.4 JAN OPLETAL A LITOVEL ..........................................................................................21 1.4.1 Litovel................................................................................................................21 1.4.1.1 Radnice.......................................................................................................23 1.4.1.2 Morový sloup..............................................................................................23 1.4.1.3 Svatojánský most........................................................................................24 1.4.1.4 M ěstské hradby...........................................................................................24 1.4.1.5 Gymnázium Jana Opletala..........................................................................25 2 PROJEKTOVÉ VYU ČOVÁNÍ...................................................................................27 2.1 PROJEKT ...................................................................................................................27 2.2 PROJEKTOVÁ METODA ..............................................................................................28 2.3 PROJEKTOVÉ VYU ČOVÁNÍ ........................................................................................29 2.3.1 Fáze řešení projektu..........................................................................................29 2.3.2 Typologie projekt ů.............................................................................................31 3 RÁMCOVÝ VZD ĚLÁVACÍ PROGRAM PRO ZÁKLADNÍ VZD ĚLÁVÁNÍ .....35 3.1 ČLOV ĚK A JEHO SV ĚT................................................................................................36 3.1.1 Místo, kde žijeme...............................................................................................37 3.1.2 Lidé kolem nás...................................................................................................37 3.1.3 Lidé a čas ..........................................................................................................38 3.1.4 Rozmanitost p řírody ..........................................................................................38 3.1.5 Člov ěk a jeho zdraví..........................................................................................38 4 ŠKOLNÍ VZD ĚLÁVACÍ PROGRAM .......................................................................40 4.1 CHARAKTERISTIKA ŠKOLNÍHO VZD ĚLÁVACÍHO PROGRAMU .....................................40 4.2 VÝCHOVNÉ A VZD ĚLÁVACÍ STRATEGIE .....................................................................41 4.3 VYU ČOVACÍ P ŘEDM ĚT VLASTIV ĚDA .........................................................................44 4.3.1 Charakteristika výuky........................................................................................44 4.3.2 Výstupy z RVP ZV..............................................................................................46 - 4 - 5 JAN OPLETAL V PROJEKTOVÉM VYU ČOVÁNÍ...............................................50 5.1 PRVNÍ ZASTAVENÍ ......................................................................................................51 5.2 DRUHÉ ZASTAVENÍ ....................................................................................................51 5.3 TŘETÍ ZASTAVENÍ ......................................................................................................52 5.4 PROJEKTOVÉ STEZKY ................................................................................................53 6 PO STOPÁCH JANA OPLETALA ............................................................................57 6.1 CÍLE VÝZKUMNÉHO ŠET ŘENÍ....................................................................................57 6.2 POPIS VÝZKUMNÝCH METOD ....................................................................................57 6.2.1 Didaktický test...................................................................................................57 6.3 VÝZKUMNÝ VZOREK A JEHO CHARAKTERISTIKA ......................................................58 6.4 ANALÝZA ZÍSKANÝCH DAT .......................................................................................59 6.4.1 Vstupní test ........................................................................................................59 6.4.2 Výstupní test ......................................................................................................78 6.5 SHRNUTÍ A ZÁV ĚRY ...................................................................................................95 ZÁV ĚR .............................................................................................................................96 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY A PRAMEN Ů...................................................98 SEZNAM P ŘÍLOH .......................................................................................................100 PŘÍLOHY.......................................................................................................................101 - 5 - Úvod Je nesmírn ě d ůležité si neustále p řipomínat historii. Vysv ětlit d ětem, že jde o jakýsi příb ěh, který nikdy nekon čí a my jsme jeho sou částí. Je d ůležité d ětem ukázat historii místa, kde žijeme a vyr ůstáme. Žák ům 1. stupn ě základních škol je vhodné p ředávat znalosti pro ně zábavnou a inspirativní formou, která se jim jeví jako hra a p říjemné povídání. Cílem mé diplomové práce bylo využití regionálních prvk ů ve vlastiv ědném vyu čování. V rámci praxe na Základní škole v Nákle jsem žák ům povídala o život ě a významu Jana Opletala. Následn ě jsem zrealizovala procházku, kde m ěli žáci možnost zábavnou a sout ěživou cestou získávat informace o Janu Opletalovi. Teoretická část podrobn ě pojednává o život ě a vlastnostech Jana Opletala, o historii měst Lhota nad Moravou, Náklo a Litovel, kde Jan Opletal vyr ůstal a studoval. V této části je také popsán jeho život v Praze, jeho zapojení do demonstrací a tragická událost, díky níž vešel Jan Opletal v podv ědomí národa. Teoretická část také vymezuje pojmy, zabývá se vyu čovacím p ředm ětem vlastiv ěda, rámcovým vzd ělávacím programem, školským vzd ělávacím programem a výukovými metodami. V praktické části jsem se zam ěř ila na využití regionálních prvk ů ve vlastiv ědném vyu čování. Je zde zahrnut nám ět na vlastiv ědnou vycházku, která byla také realizována. V této části jsou detailn ě rozepsány vytvo řené dotazníky pro žáky a výsledky test ů přehledn ě zpracovány formou graf ů. Žáci touto formou mohli aktivn ě poznávat své okolí, kde vyr ůstají, hrají si a kam chodí do školy. Upevnily si základní znalosti o významném českém člov ěku, který svou povahou a činy dokázal upozornit na problémy, které se na území tehdejšího Československa d ěly. - 6 - 1 Jan Opletal 1.1 Život Jana Opletala 1.1.1 Rodinné zázemí V dob ě první sv ětové války se narodilo starším rodi čů m Ann ě a Št ěpánovi Opletalovým další dít ě, kterému dali jméno Jan. Narodil se 1. 1. 1915 v přízemním domku č. 34 ve Lhot ě nad Moravou. Ovšem jeho rodi če uvedli datum 31. 12. 1914, to aby mohl o rok d říve nastoupit do u čení. Jan Opletal byl již osmé dít ě Opletal ů (P říloha č. 1). „Pom ěry rodiny byli velmi nuzné. Vlastnili jen pole a krávu, kterou živili z pozemku, který byl nedaleko lužního lesa Doubravy 1.“
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