PART THREE HOW to PROCEED 84 Adobe Conservation INSTALLING a SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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Initial Evidence of Plant and Animal-Origin Organic Additives from the Second-Century Bce Earthen Plaster of Rock-Cut Caves of Karla, India**
bs_bs_banner Archaeometry ••, •• (2019) ••–•• doi: 10.1111/arcm.12522 INITIAL EVIDENCE OF PLANT AND ANIMAL-ORIGIN ORGANIC ADDITIVES FROM THE SECOND-CENTURY BCE EARTHEN PLASTER OF ROCK-CUT CAVES OF KARLA, INDIA** B. DIGHE and M. R. SINGH† Department of Conservation, National Museum Institute, Janpath, Delhi, 110011, India Analytical investigations through phytochemical screening, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscopic observation of the earthen plaster of Karla Caves of western India identified the presence of antifungal, antibacterial and insect repellent Careya arborea stem fibres as a vegetal additive. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) study also revealed the inclusion of rice (Oryza sativa) husk as a plant additive in the plaster. In the high rain-fed coastal regions of western India, the an- timicrobial, antioxidant and termite-resistance properties of C. arborea helped the survival of the plaster in unfavourable climatic conditions. Besides, the C. arborea and rice husk together played a role in reducing cracks, decreasing the density, and imparting a plasticity and a du- rability to the plaster. The liquid Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) of organic extracts revealed carboxylic acid (fatty acids)-based additives in the earthen plaster. From the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the plaster, the presence of animal milk fat, animal and vegetable fat, and vegetable oil was identified, and probably used to strengthen the earthen plaster for their resistance to tensile stress. The analysis also diag- noses the inclusion of methyl commate B, a resinous material obtained from the Burseraceae plant family, which has antimicrobial properties, through GC-MS analysis. -
National Register of Historic Places Inventory
N. H. L. - ARCHITECTURE IN THE PARKS Form No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ___________TYPE ALL ENTRIES •• COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS_____ NAME HISTORIC Bandelier Buildings and Friloles Canyon Lodge__________________ AND/OR COMMON Bandelier National Monument CCC Historic District (Preferred') LOCATION STREET & NUMBER _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Bandelier National Monument VICINITY OF 3 STATE CODE COUNTY CODE New M 35 Los Alamos and Sandoval Q28 and Q&3 CLASSIFI CATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE _3jDISTRICT X_PUBLIC -^OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE. -XMUSEUM _BUILD ING(S) —PRIVATE -.UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH -WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _.IN PROCESS %YES. RESTRICTED ^-GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED -XYES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION -NO —MILITARY Q AGENCY REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS. National Park Service Southwest Regional Office STREET & NUMBER P. 0. Box 728 CITY, TOWN STATE Santa Fe VICINITY OF New Mexico LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. National Park Service Southwest Regional Office STREET & NUMBER P.O. Box 728 CITY. TOWN STATE Santa Fe New Mexico REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE List of Classified Structures Inventory DATE 1984 X.FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS National Park Service CITY. TOWN STATE Washington D. C. DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED X.UNALTERED 2LORIGINALSITE X.GOOD _RUINS siALTERED _MOVED DATE. _FAIR —UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Bandelier CCC Historic District contains 31 buildings all of pueblo revival design executed with a solid architectural unity that -romantically -mimicked a small New Mexican village. -
STRAW-BALE AS a VIABLE, COST EFFECTIVE, and SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL for USE in SOUTHEAST OHIO a Thesis Presented to the F
STRAW-BALE AS A VIABLE, COST EFFECTIVE, AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL FOR USE IN SOUTHEAST OHIO A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science Leanne R. Marks June 2005 This thesis entitled STRAW-BALE AS A VIABLE COST EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL FOR USE IN SOUTHEAST OHIO by LEANNE R. MARKS has been approved for the Program of Environmental Studies and the College of Arts and Sciences by Christopher Boone Associate Professor of Geography Leslie A. Flemming Dean of College of Arts and Sciences Marks, Leanne R. M.S. June 2005. Environmental Studies. Straw-Bale as a Viable, Cost Effective, and Sustainable Building Material for use in Southeast Ohio. (118pp.) Director of Thesis: Christopher Boone In Southeast Ohio, the humidity is relatively high all year round; the maximum monthly average humidity readings exceeded 80% during the ten months of sampling. Precipitation levels, and its’ effect on moisture accumulation within straw-bale walls, had been a concern to individuals skeptical about the use of straw-bales as a viable building material. Athens County, Ohio, is located within the Appalachian region, a poverty stricken region that desperately requires livable, affordable housing. Throughout this document, it becomes evident that straw-bale construction is in fact, a viable, cost effective and sustainable and safe building method for use in southeast Ohio. Within the study the moisture content of three Athens County straw-bale homes were recorded during a ten-month period (Dec. 2001–Sept. -
EARTHEN Natural Clay Plaster Can Also Help Moderate Temperature Swings - Wall Surfaces Remain Cool in Summer and Warm in Winter
NATURAL CLAY PLASTER - Adj. earthen - made of earth Clay as a construction material has been around for thousands of years. We have recognised these age old benefits, combined these with modern manufacturing, application, and colouring techniques to provide some very special qualities to enhance your living environment. Ideally suited for high comfort, modern buildings and historic building refurbishment. EARTHEN is a breathing surface in that it assists in regulating both humidity and temperature by absorbing and releasing vapour. It makes rooms more tolerable in humid weather, and when the weather becomes drier it releases moisture into the room helping to improve the air quality. EARTHEN is a hard, durable surface that can be repaired when damaged, re-surfaced and even completely recycled. If a colour change is required to update an interior you can maintain all the benefits of the EARTHEN plaster by simply painting with EARTHEN clay paint. EARTHEN Natural Clay plaster can also help moderate temperature swings - wall surfaces remain cool in summer and warm in winter. The more clay used in a room the greater the beneficial effects including acoustic. EARTHEN Clay is a natural product available in almost every corner of the earth, contains no VOC’s or cements. It is composed of fine white china clay, silica sands, and natural binders. This is then mixed with water to create a workable material for plastering. EARTHEN FEATURES v A more environmentally friendly choice than traditional gypsum plaster. v A 100% natural, breathable material. v Material naturally absorbs odours. v Mould resistant. v Natural properties are anti allergenic. -
The Scope of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) Use in Historical Conservation in India
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 17(2), April 2018, pp. 314-321 The scope of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) use in Historical conservation in India M Singh 1*, Divija Mamania2 & Vasant Shinde3 1National Museum Institute, Janpath, New Delhi-110 011, India; 2IITian’s Pace and Pace Junior Science College, Mumbai-400 028, India; 3Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune-411 006, India E-mail: [email protected] Received 22 September 2017, revised 11 December 2017 Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) has preserved the ancient artwork in India’s sacred Ellora Caves for 1500 years. The long life of earthen plaster of Ellora, despite damaging environmental parameters, may be attributed to the material properties of hemp which is fibrous and durable as studied through stereo and scanning electron microscope. The properties of Cannabis sativa (hemp) including its ability to repel insects and regulate humidity must have been known to the ancient Indian technicians in 6th CE. Moreover, Cannabis has an excellent carbon dioxide sequestering capacity and is green house negative and these properties were exploited by ancient Indians in cave murals of Ellora. The finding could be applied in future construction technology, as well as conservation of historical structures, where more sustainable materials are being sought. However, it would be illegal in places where Cannabis is banned. The numerous useful properties of hemp can also be exploited for several environmental friendly applications. This paper deliberates upon the utilization of this plant from the ancient period to its present use to regulate green house impact. Keywords: Cannabis sativa L., Shiv, Greenhouse, Conservation IPC Int. -
Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1990 Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico Hector M. Abreu Cintron University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Cintron, Hector M. Abreu, "Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico" (1990). Theses (Historic Preservation). 535. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/535 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Cintron, Hector M. Abreu (1990). Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/535 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Cintron, Hector M. Abreu (1990). Rehabilitation Guidelines for Historic Adobe Structures in Northern New Mexico. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is -
Natural Finishes Overview
Page 1 Natural Finishes Overview Natural plasters and finishes are a great alternative to the conventional finishing products that are available on the market. The ones that are just riddled with toxic chemicals! Most people don’t even realize the negative effects that these products have on their health. Indoor air pollution and toxic off gassing is a whole subject unto itself. But by using natural plasters and paints, you avoid the added toxicity of cement stucco, drywall, chemical paints, and the destructive industry that produces them all. Natural plasters and finishes can be applied to cob walls or even to drywall board! The majority of natural plasters and finishes are made from a combination of these simple ingredients: Clay, sand, straw, lime, kaolin clay, wheat paste, pigments, and water. Copyright 2015 - This Cob House LLC - All Rights Reserved Page 2 Plastering your cob home is like putting the icing on the cake. Once you have built your walls, built your roof, and installed the windows and doors then you can begin to plaster your building. The plaster will protect your walls from rain on the outside, and it will protect your cob walls from any crumbling off on the inside. A good foundation and a good roof overhang (a good hat and boots, as they say) will protect your cob home from most weather and rain. Some people decide not to plaster the exterior walls of their cob homes and they are fine in many cases, but you will still get deterioration. It is recommended to plaster your walls to protect them from driving rain and frost. -
Historic England Practical Building Conservation
HISTORIC ENGLAND PRACTICAL BUILDING CONSERVATION EARTH, BRICK & TERRACOTTA 0 Prelims PART A.indd 1 07/09/2015 17:37 © Historic England 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Historic England has asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author and editor of this work. Historic England 1 Waterhouse Square 138–142 Holborn London EC1N 2ST Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2009925645 ISBN-13: 9780754645535 0 Prelims PART A.indd 2 09/09/2015 03:45 A: ii Notes oN Volume editors & CoNtributors Volume Editors: Alison Henry (Earth), Iain McCaig (Brick), Clara Willett and Sophie Godfraind (Terracotta), John Stewart (General Introduction, Tiles) The volume editors are all members of Historic England's Building Conservation and Research Team. Alison Henry is a former conservation officer, and has practical experience as a stone conservator, but also has a special interest in earthen construction. She was an editor for the Mortars, Renders & Plasters, Stone and Roofing volumes in this series. Iain McCaig studied architecture before specialising in building conservation and has many years of experience, working in local authority, private practice and within Historic England. -
Testing and Evaluation of Soil Based Grouts for the Adhesion of Consolidated and Un-Consolidated Painted Lime Plaster at the Mission San José De Tumacácori
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2017 Testing and Evaluation of Soil Based Grouts for the Adhesion of Consolidated and Un-Consolidated Painted Lime Plaster at the Mission San José de Tumacácori Nicole M. Declet Díaz University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Declet Díaz, Nicole M., "Testing and Evaluation of Soil Based Grouts for the Adhesion of Consolidated and Un-Consolidated Painted Lime Plaster at the Mission San José de Tumacácori" (2017). Theses (Historic Preservation). 619. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/619 Suggested Citation: Declet Díaz, Nicole (2017). Testing and Evaluation of Soil Based Grouts for the Adhesion of Consolidated and Un- Consolidated Painted Lime Plaster at the Mission San José de Tumacácori. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/619 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Testing and Evaluation of Soil Based Grouts for the Adhesion of Consolidated and Un-Consolidated Painted Lime Plaster at the Mission San José de Tumacácori Abstract The interior decorative painting at Mission San Jose de Tumacácori is a rare survival of late 18th century- early 19th century artistic traditions of northern Sonora and the Kino mission churches. Despite earlier attempts to stabilize these finishes, the original painted lime plaster has continued ot detach from the adobe substrate. Previous techniques to stabilize the paintings began with research by J. Rutherford Gettens in 1949-1952 and subsequent attempts in 1984 to reattach detached plaster have proven ineffective. -
A Dobe C Onserva Tion a P R E S E R V a T I O N H a N D B O O K
A DOBE C ONSERVA TION A P R E S E R V A T I O N H A N D B O O K by THE TECHNICAL STAFF of CORNERSTONES COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS with illustrations by FRANCISCO UVIÑA CONTRERAS santa fe Adobe Conservation - a Preservation Handbook has been compiled by Cornerstones Community Partnerships, a 501(c)3 organization based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Since 1986, Cornerstones Community Partnerships has worked to preserve architectural heritage and community traditions in New Mexico and the Southwest. Cornerstones has assisted more than 300 rural communities preserve historic earthen structures by teaching tradi- tional building skills and engaging youth and elders in the process of understanding and maintaining their cultural connection to earthen architecture. Youth training and applied learning have proven to be key factors in historic preservation in New Mexico and the Southwest, where the labor-intensive nature of traditional building methods poses unique challenges. Cornerstones is committed to working in partnership with communities to preserve historic resources, encourage traditional building practices and affirm cultural values. Tax-deductible contributions may be sent to Cornerstones Community Partnerships, P.O. Box 2341, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501-2341. Funding for this publication was generously provided by the Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs, by the Santa Fe Community Foundation and by the New Mexico Historical Society. © 2006 by Cornerstones Community Partnerships. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adobe conservation : a preservation handbook / compiled by the technical staff of Cornerstones Community Partnerships ; with illustrations by Francisco Uviña Contreras. -
Build a Cob House a Step-By-Step Guide
Build a Cob House A Step-By-Step Guide Copyright © 2013 by Alex Sumerall Page 1 www.thiscobhouse.com Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5 How, and By Whom, Should My Cob Building Be Built?............................................. 5 Characteristics of Cob Homes ........................................................................................ 8 Cob Home Concepts ................................................................................................... 8 Cob Home Advantages ............................................................................................... 9 Common Questions About Cob.................................................................................... 10 Site Selection .................................................................................................................... 12 Design ............................................................................................................................... 14 Materials and Tools........................................................................................................... 21 Selecting and Testing Soils........................................................................................... 21 Sand........................................................................................................................... 23 Clay.......................................................................................................................... -
A Dobe C Onserva Tion a P R E S E R V a T I O N H a N D B O O K
A DOBE C ONSERVA TION A P R E S E R V A T I O N H A N D B O O K by THE TECHNICAL STAFF of CORNERSTONES COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS with illustrations by FRANCISCO UVIÑA CONTRERAS santa fe Adobe Conservation - a Preservation Handbook has been compiled by Cornerstones Community Partnerships, a 501(c)3 organization based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Since 1986, Cornerstones Community Partnerships has worked to preserve architectural heritage and community traditions in New Mexico and the Southwest. Cornerstones has assisted more than 300 rural communities preserve historic earthen structures by teaching tradi- tional building skills and engaging youth and elders in the process of understanding and maintaining their cultural connection to earthen architecture. Youth training and applied learning have proven to be key factors in historic preservation in New Mexico and the Southwest, where the labor-intensive nature of traditional building methods poses unique challenges. Cornerstones is committed to working in partnership with communities to preserve historic resources, encourage traditional building practices and affirm cultural values. Tax-deductible contributions may be sent to Cornerstones Community Partnerships, P.O. Box 2341, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501-2341. Funding for this publication was generously provided by the Historic Preservation Division of the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs, by the Santa Fe Community Foundation and by the New Mexico Historical Society. © 2006 by Cornerstones Community Partnerships. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adobe conservation : a preservation handbook / compiled by the technical staff of Cornerstones Community Partnerships ; with illustrations by Francisco Uviña Contreras.