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An Introduction to Metaphysics John W Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82629-7 - An Introduction to Metaphysics John W. Carroll and Ned Markosian Index More information Index ‘Ability’ Version of The Consequence universals , 96–98 , 101 , 234 , 238 Argument , 59–62 , 63 atomless gunk , 203 , 207 ‘Control’ Version of The Consequence Austere Nominalism , 234 , 238 , 243 , 244 , Argument , 63–64 245–47 , 248 , 249 ‘no criteria’ approach to The Problem of Ayer, A. J. , 18 Identity over Time for Physical Objects , 220 B series , 160 , 162 B Theory of Time , see time, B Theory a posteriori , 6 , 7 , 8 , 83 , 84 , 234 background conditions , 30–31 , 44 a priori , 6 , 7 , 51 , 83 , 146 , 147 , 168 backtracking , 28 , 29 A series , 160 , 161 , 163 , 164 , 165 Barnes, Jonathan , 203 , 205 A Theory of Time , see time, A Theory Beauchamp, Tom , 24 abstract , 230–31 , 233 , 236 , 237 , 238 , Behaviorism , 148 , 149 242 , 245 Bennett, Jonathan , 25 , 35 abstraction , 230 , 231 , 236 Berkeley, George , 17–18 , 186 Actualism , 179 best balance , 96 A-facts , 169 , 170 B-facts , 169 , 170 , 173 Alternative Possibilities , 8 , 59 , 60 , 62 , Bird, Alexander , 84 63 , 64 Blackburn, Simon , 43 Anaxagoras , 211 Block, Ned , 157 Anti-Realism , 43 , 101–02 Bode, Johann Elert , 79 apparitions , 189 Bode’s law , see Titius–Bode law Aristotelian universals , 233–34 , 236 , body transplant cases , 113 , 126 , 242 , 244 127 , 128 Aristotelianism , 230 , 233–34 , 236 , 240 , Boolos, George , 247 , 248 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 250 brain transplant cases , 113 , 126 Aristotle , 1–2 , 4 , 48 , 54 , 161 , 203 Brutal Composition , 199 , 200–02 , agent causation , 70 , 71 209 , 210 Metaphysics , 2 Brutal View of Simples , 209–10 Physics , 2 , 4 brute facts , 17 , 131 , 132 , 155 , 200 , 201 , universals , 230 , 233 202 , 210 , 220 , 233 , 237 , 239 Armstrong, David , 14 , 89 , 92 , 94 , 96 , 145 , brute predications , 232 , 235 , 237 , 238 , 148 , 239 , 244 240 , 250 laws of nature , 14 , 96–98 , 101 Buddhism , 224 259 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82629-7 - An Introduction to Metaphysics John W. Carroll and Ned Markosian Index More information 260 Index Campbell, Keith , 230 , 237 , 244 persistence of , 127 , 128 , 130 Carroll, John , 43 , 96 Consequence Argument , 58 , 59 , 62 , 63 causation , 2 , 3 , 4 , 17 , 19 , 20–44 , 48 , Constant Conjunction , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 50–51 , 70 , 80 , 92 , 96 , 101 , 102 , 30 , 38 156 , 176 , 177 , 231 , 233 , 236 constraint , 57 , 58 , 64 action, externally caused , 72 , 75 , 76 Contact , 192 , 193 , 196 , 197 , 198 agent , 22 , 23 , 69–75 , 76 , 77 contingency , 5 , 7 brute , 43 continuum argument against Brutal chancy , 37–43 Composition , 202 event , 22 , 69 , 71 , 72–74 cotenability , 82 fact , 22 , 245 Counterfactual , 91 general-case , see causation ; property- counterfactual conditional , 26 , 61 , 82 , 83 level counterfactual dependence , 34 , 35 , 36 intermediate chain of events , 34 , 41 , 42 ancestral of , 34 , 36 mental , 136–37 , 138–40 , 141–44 , 155–58 Counterfactual Dependence , 26 , 27 , 28 , property-level , 22 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , proposition , see causation ; fact 38 , 39 single-case , 22 , 43 counterfactuals , 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 90 , state of affairs , 22 91 , 92 , 98 , 101 , 102 without physical necessity , 50 Chalmers, David , 154 Davidson, Donald , 22 , 155 chance , 92 Decision Condition , 57 , 58 chauvinism , 147 , 148 , 152 , 153 , 155 , deductive systems , 94–96 , 100 156 , 157 Delambre, J. B. J. , 79 , 91 Chinese Room Argument , 152 , 153 Democritus , 203 , 205 Chisholm, Roderick , 71 , 73 , 74 , 82 Descartes, René , 135 , 136 , 137 , 189 , 190 Churchland, Paul , 138 , 155 Desire Condition , 56 , 57 , 58 Circular Predication via Sets , 241 determinism , 40 coincident entities , 220 Determinism , 48 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , coincident objects theory , 220–22 63 , 65 , 69 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 139 common-sense account of physical as conceptual truth , 51 objects , 187–89 , 196 as contingent truth , 51 Compatibilism , 21 , 53–58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , as empirical matter , 51 76 , 77 , 78 as necessary truth (a priori) , 51 Combo , 57 , 58 backwards , 50 Hobartian , 58 Future-Oriented , 50 Stacean , 8 , 58 Devitt, Michael , 240 Compatibilist Agent Causation , 75–77 d’Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry , 52 composition , 17 , 190 , 194 , 195–204 , 205 , DI , see Dualistic Interactionism 208 , 209 , 210 , 214 , 219 , 223 , Discobolus , 212–13 225 , 226 discontinuous motion , 216 compresence , 237 , 238 does-exist list , 11 , 12 , 15 , 236 , 243 , 246 Conditional Analysis of Ability , 60 , 61 does-not-exist list , 11 , 236 consciousness , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 Dretske, Fred , 19 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 fl ow of , 119 , 122 Dualism , 21 , 115 , 136 , 135 , 139 , 140 , gaps in , 120 , 122 147 , 155 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82629-7 - An Introduction to Metaphysics John W. Carroll and Ned Markosian Index More information Index 261 dualist ontology (of things and stuff) , Functionalism , 144 , 148 , 149 , 155 , 156 , 213–14 157 , 158 Dualistic Interactionism , 135–44 , Fundamental Particle View , 207 157 , 158 Fundamental Particle View of Simples , 209 fundamental particles of physics , 207 , Eells, Ellery , 39 208 , 210 Ehring, Doug , 26 , 237 Einstein’s principle , 10 , 29 , 30 , 79 , 81 , 84 , Galileo’s law of free-falling bodies , 88 , 95 87 , 88 , 100 , 102 Gauss, C. F. , 79 Eliminative Materialism , 145 , 153–55 , generality , 231–32 , 233 , 234 , 240 156 Gibbard, Allan , 222 Eliminativism , 43 , 101 Goodman, Nelson , 82 , 85 –86 , 92–94 EM , see Eliminative Materialism Growing Universe Theory , 181 , 182 , 183 epiphenomena , 27 , 28 grue , 85 , 93 Epiphenomenalism , 136 , 140 epistemology , 2–3 , 17 , 19 , 102 Hall, Ned , 36 Eternalism , 179 , 181 , 182 , 183 hallucinations , 189 ethics , 2 , 3 Hard Determinism , 51–53 , 58 events , 12 , 21–23 , 29 , 69 , 70 , 110 Haslanger, Sally , 172 undetermined , 65 Hawley, Katherine , 172 Exclusion Problem , 135 , 138 , 142–44 , 145 , Heil, John , 138 , 237 155–58 Heller, Mark , 172 existence , 2 , 11–16 Heraclitus , 224 extensions , 180 Hinchliff, Mark , 172 extreme answers to SCQ , 198 Hobart, R. E. , 54 , 56 Hobbes, Thomas , 189 facts , 12 , 23 , 201 , 202 , 245 , 250 Hofweber, Thomas , 247 causal , 33 , 41 , 42 , 43 human embryo , 129 compositional , 201 , 202 human-events , see person-events facts as instantiations of universals , 169 , Hume, David , 24 , 54 , 95 , 96 201 Humean Supervenience , 96 , 101 , 177 Fastening , 192 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 201 , 202 Humeanism , 99 , 100 Field, Hartry , 36 Humean accounts , 96 , 97 , 98 , 100 Fischer, John Martin , 60 Humean constraints , 95 , 96 fi ssion , 125 , 130 Huxley, Thomas , 136 , 137 , 140 FN , see Functionalism Fodor, Jerry , 149 Idealism , 18 , 115 , 136 Four-Dimensionalism , 108 –109 , 111 , 131 , Identifi cation Problem , 97 , 98 , 101 170–73 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177–79 , identity , 2 , 17 , 19 183 , 199 , 221 concept-relative , 106 Frankfurt, Harry , 59 , 62 consciousness , 128 , 129 Frankfurt-style examples , 62 , 63 , 64 personal 3 , 4 , see also Problem of Free Will , 47 , 48 , 54 , 58 , 76 Personal Identity freedom , 3 , 4 , 8 , 21 , 47–48 , 52 , 58 same-person , 114 moral , 8 , 11 , 45–78 , 56 , 65 , 66 , 75 sortal , 106 functional properties , 151 , 152 , 153 transitivity of , 123 , 224 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82629-7 - An Introduction to Metaphysics John W. Carroll and Ned Markosian Index More information 262 Index Identity Theory , 144 , 145 , 153 , 155 , Lewis, David , 54 , 61 , 83 , 122 , 145 , 148 , 156 , 157 150 , 172 , 176 , 197 , 198 , 199 , Incompatibilism , 21 , 58 , 65 , 67 , 69 , 70 , 203 , 240 77 , 78 “Patchwork” Argument for Person- indeterminism , 37 , 38 , 40 Stages , 175–77 Indeterminism , 50 , 52 , 66 , 69 , 78 , causation , 26 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 42 see also Volitional Indeterminism ; Humean Supervenience , 96 Simple Indeterminism , see also lawhood , 90 , 95–96 , 97 indicative mood , 26 Mary and vegemite , 154 induction , 85 , 92 , 94 , 97 , 98 necessity and possibility , 9–11 , 14 , Inference Problem , 97 , 98 15–16 , 17 instantiation , 109–11 , 169 , 201 , 223 , Set Nominalism , 235 –236 , 244 228–30 , 231–34 , 235 , 237 temporary intrinsics , 173 –175 intensions , 180 liberal approach to The Problem of Inverse Special Composition Question , 203 Identity over Time for Physical inverted qualia , 152 Objects , 219–20 in-virtue-of relation , 48 Libertarian Agent Causation , 74 , 69 , 76 , Irvine, A. D. , 232 77 IT , see Identity Theory Libertarian views of freedom , 69 , 70 , 75 Libertarian’s Dilemma , 69 Jackson, Frank , 154 , 249 life , 195 , 196 , 198 , 202 Jaki, Stanley , 79 Linguistic Theory of Vagueness , 198 , 199 Locke, John , 115 , 116 , 127 , 189 , 190 , 221 Kant, Immanuel , 48 , 51 Loux, Michael , 238 Kim, Jaegwon , 23 , 29 , 156 Kripke, Saul , 7 , 8 , 84 , 147 Mackie, John L. , 25 manipulability theories of causation , Lange, Mark , 101 26 , 27 Laplace, Pierre Simon de , 79 , 91 Markosian, Nahid and Zane , 104 lawhood , 19 , 79–102 Markosian, Ned , 56 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 107 , 166 , lawlikeness , 87 , 90 , 92–94 168 , 181 , 183 , 189 , 192 , 197 , 199 , laws of nature , 3 , 4 , 14 , 17 , 25 , 49 , 79–102 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 208 ceteris paribus , 82 Maslen, Cei , 36 contingency , 83–85 , 86 material objects , 3 , 4 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 184–226 examples , 79–80 Materialism , 21 , 116 , 136 , 137 , 144–58 , generality , 81–82 , 86 186 224 , see also physicalism physical , 138 matter , 187 , 211–12 , 224 , 226 , probabilistic , 82 , 93 , 141–44 see also stuff projectibility , 86 , 93 , 94 MaxCon , see Maximally Continuous View quantum mechanical , 141 , 142 , of Simples 143 , 144 Maximally Continuous View of Simples , restricted , 87–88 , 89 , 91 , 95 207 , 208 –209 truth , 80–81 , 86 Maxwell, Nicholas , 169 vacuous , 88 , 91 , 95 McCall, Storrs , 181 Leibniz, Gottfried , 48 , 51 , 137 , 140 McTaggart, J.
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