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The Yazidi Homeland Lost to War

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The Yazidi Homeland Lost to War october 2018 A Publication of the Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors The Yazidi Issue Dangerous Times Homeland Jorge Aroche Lost to War — A Bridge to Justice Anne Mainsbridge — New arrivals: How do we protect the children? Refugee Transitions exists to report on a wide range of refugee and human rights issues of relevance to the work of STARTTS; to focus attention on the impact of organised violence and human rights abuses on health; to provide ideas on intervention models that address the health and social needs of refugees, to debate and campaign for changes necessary to assist refugee communities in their settlement process and ultimately bring together a vehicle for personal expression. Refugee Transitions is published biannually by the NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) Address PO Box 203 Fairfield NSW 2165 Tel: (02) 9794 1900 ISN 14416247 Editor Olga Yoldi Associate Editor Karen Collier Sub-editor John Hampshire Contributing Authors Geoffrey Robertson QC, Anne Mainsbridge, Daniela Aroche, Karen Zwi, Karen Collier, Jorge Aroche, Shaun Nemorin, John Hampshire. Art Direction Miguel Sicari Cover Image Displaced people from the minority Yazidi sect, fleeing violence from forces loyal to the Islamic State in Sinjar town, walk towards the Syrian border on the outskirts of Sinjar mountain near the Syrian border town of Elierbeh of Al-Hasakah Governorate August 11, 2014. REUTERS/Rodi Said Opinions expressed in Refugee Transitions are those of the authors and not necessarily the official views of STARTTS. No material may be reproduced in part or in whole without written consent from STARTTS © 2018 STARTTS. CEO’s Message Welcome to the 33rd edition of of Refugee Transitions, STARTTS is celebrating its 30th anniversary this sexual orientation and gender identity. year, and since Refugee Transitions first publication was At the same time feature articles such as the Bridge to shared with our friends and supporters at our 10th Justice - building the case for an integrated legal practice Anniversary event, this is also Refugee Transitions provides us with Anne Mainsbridge’s reflections on her time 20th Anniversary! as a lawyer working with refugees within a clinical practice. Much has changed in the world in the intervening An article about the ISSHR conference identifies the years, yet sadly, STARTTS role remains as relevant in key issues dominating the human rights agenda at the 2018 as it was in 1988. So does the need to communicate moment and a look into the future. about these issues and about our work that resulted in the I hope you enjoy reading these and the other articles birth of Refugee Transitions 20 year ago and remains its of issue 33 of Refugee Transitions. Each section has been mission now. specially designed to provide you with in depth coverage As I write these words, across norther Iraq, in places of the issues affecting refugees today. My thanks and like the Nineveh Plain in Sinjar members of the Yazidi congratulations to the devoted team that has made this community are slowing returning back to towns and possible over the last 20 years, and in particular Refugee villages destroyed by war. This is a minority group that Transitions editor Olga Yoldi, who has been involved in has suffered some of the greatest abuse and dislocation in the production of this publication since the very beginning. Iraq’s latest spasms of violence. Many are still displaced We plan to celebrate this achievement at the 30th in refugee camps. Others have been accepted in different Anniversary of STARTTS on 30 November at Paradiso, western countries. Refugee Transitions main feature article 3 Barbara Street Fairfield, of course you are warmly invited is dedicated to the plight of the Yazidis and the challenges to join us! they face in reclaiming their rightful place in Iraq’s future. I hope to see you there! Like Iraq, the situation in Syria is not improving. Award winning Syrian American composer Malek Jandali tells us in an interview about the important role of music All the best, in healing, in bringing people together and his dream of a free and peaceful Syria. This issue of Refugee Transitions also features individuals who are excelling in their work to help refugees and disadvantaged groups, such as Violet Roumeliotis, winner of Telstra Woman of the Year Award and Victor Madrigal Jorge Aroche Borloz, lawyer and human rights activist (and current IRCT Secretary General) who has been appointed to the Chief Executive Officer /STARTTS prestigious position of UN Independent Expert on President, International Rehabilitation Council protection against violence and discrimination based on for Torture Victims, (IRCT) Contents MODERN CONFLICTS 04 Yazidis: A Homeland Lost to War Olga Yoldi HUMAN RIGHTS 26 Dangerous Times Jorge Aroche 36 ISHHR 2017: A snapshot of Novi Sad, Serbia Daniela Aroche 50 A Bridge to Justice: Building the case for an integrated legal practice Anne Mainsbridge 56 Tosca and the ticking time bomb Geoffrey Robertson QC HEALTH 30 New arrivals – how do we protect children? Karen Zwi PROFILE 12 Ancient music pleads for a modern peace Malek Jandali Olga Yoldi 20 Rebel with a cause Violet Roumeliotis Daniela Aroche 42 The making of a militant conscience Victor Madrigal-Borloz John Hampshire AGENDA 46 Working to improve refugee resettlement in Australia Peter Shergold & Shaun Nemorin 66 Refugee Ball 2017 Yazidi refugees live in unfinished houses. Photo: Christian Werner The Yazidi Homeland Lost to War MODERN CONFLICTS awaz was sleeping soundly in his bed in a village in the Sinjar district of northern Iraq when his family woke him up in the dead F of night and told him they had to flee. The When Islamic State militants stormed day before had been a hot Sunday in August into the Yazidi heartland in northern 2014, and Fawaz had celebrated the end of Iraq in the summer of 2014, they killed the fasting period with his family and friends. They had shared food, drinks and conversation, but the atmosphere and abducted 10,000 people in a matter was tense. There were rumours of an imminent attack of days. Four years later IS has been forced and people shared their worst fears. A sense of out, but thousands of Yazidi women and foreboding grew as darkness fell. children are still missing and refugees That night, local Yazidi men stayed up to patrol the streets. But when convoys of cars started to approach cannot go home OLGA YOLDI reports. the village, there was little anybody could do but flee. With the Kurdish Peshmerga fighters gone there was nobody left to protect the men or their families, so they collected a few personal belongings and fled to nearby Mount Sinjar to hide. Fawaz, who is now living in the NSW regional town of Wagga Wagga, was 11 years old at the time he was forced to leave his home. He describes the fear, despair 6 REFUGEE TRANSITIONS • ISSUE 33 and uncertainty he felt, trapped in the mountains with For the past four years, thousands of displaced another 50,000 Yazidis in sweltering temperatures of Yazidis, scattered throughout northern Iraq, Syria and up to 50C, but with no water, food, shelter or medical Turkey, have been living in plastic tents, surviving on supplies, and surrounded by fighters from Islamic State donations of food and clothing, and enduring extreme (IS). Many of his fellow Yazidis died of dehydration, temperatures. With no access to housing, jobs or starvation or illness during the siege. Fawaz and his education and still haunted by horrific memories, all family survived on dry bread and water airdropped by they want to do is return home and rebuild their lives, American and British forces. but many are too afraid to do so. Fortunately, Turkish Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) fighters and People’s Protection Units (YPG) intervened or centuries Yazidis, a religious minority and helped the Yazidis flee the area, via a safe corridor group, have led a simple life, farming their that took the refugees through Syria to a safe side of land on the foothills of Mount Sinjar in the the mountains in Iraqi Kurdistan, where about 300,000 F Nineveh plains of northern Iraq, one of the remain displaced. poorest and least developed areas of Iraq. Fawaz and his family managed to escape to safety, The group was comprised of some 550,000 but many fellow Yazidis were trapped. Once Yazidis in people before the genocide. They also live in southeast Mount Sinjar began leaving, the IS fighters turned back Turkey, northern Syria, the Caucasus regions and parts to the villages, blocking roads and killing anyone who of Iran. tried to escape. Human rights reports say about 10,000 They practice Yazidism, an ancient and mysterious were killed or kidnapped, and 3,100 were murdered – religion that, according to historian Philip Kreyenbroek, either shot, beheaded or burnt alive while 6,800 women remains little known and often misunderstood, not and children were enslaved, with many boys kidnapped only in Kurdistan but also to Western literature and to be trained as child soldiers. scholarship. Kreyenbroek writes that Yazidism emerged “The true scale of the horror is impossible to know, in the 12th century, but it is unknown when or how it as thousands have disappeared, and are either dead or developed into a highly syncretistic religion in which remain in captivity,” says a study published in May 2017 elements of mystical Islam, Christianity and Judaism by PLOS Medicine journal Mortality and kidnapping were integrated into and reconciled with elements of estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount ancient Iranian religions. Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household Yazidis worship God and seven angels, including survey, by Dr Valeria Cetorelli et al.
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