INCORPORACIONES SOCIEDAD DE GENÉTICA CHILE ADAR1 Transcriptome Editing Promotes Breast Cancer Progression Through the Regulation of Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Response
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
LXI REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD DE BIOLOGÍA DE CHILE XIV REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE NEUROCIENCIA LI REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD DE GENÉTICA DE CHILE XII REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE EVOLUCIÓN 20 al 22 de Noviembre 2018 HOTEL ENJOY DE PUERTO VARAS 2 AUSPICIADORES 3 CONFERENCIAS 4 CONFERENCIA INAUGURAL My Long Journey with Calcium, a Remarkable Universal Second Messenger Hidalgo C 1 Department of Neurosciences, CEMC and Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile The pioneering studies of Sydney Ringer in 1882-83 showed that heart contraction requires Ca2+ ions. In the 1960’s three independent German, Japanese and US teams showed that Ca2+ binding to troponin C allows actin-myosin interaction and muscle contraction, and described relaxation via Ca2+ uptake by the muscle SERCA pump. Many subsequent studies showed that Ca2+ is a highly versatile intracellular signal that operates over a wide temporal range to regulate many different cellular processes. I first became acquainted with Ca2+ in the 1960’s when I studied Ca2+ efflux from the squid giant axon under the guidance of Eduardo Rojas; we reported in 1968 that this high energy-demanding process requires mitochondrial function. My later work in Boston (1974-1983) showed that the physical state of the lipids surrounding the SERCA pump control its activity; this work provided key information on the mechanisms underlying active transport across biological membranes. On returning to Chile in 1983, I continued to work on Ca2+ signaling in striated muscle and in the 90’s I began studying Ca2+ signaling in neuronal cells, studies which I continue up to now. We discovered and reported that cellular redox state controls calcium signals; this crosstalk is important for conditions entailing cellular oxidation, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, I have been actively involved in promoting science and the participation of women in science in our country. I will present in my lecture a narrative account of my research, made possible by many collaborators, and my involvement in other activities. 5 CONFERENCIA DR. HERMAN NIEMEYER Resurrección de proteínas ancestrales para el estudio de las trayectorias evolutivas de la adaptación de proteínas a ambientes extremos Guixe Victoria 1 (1) Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile Life inhabits all possible places on Earth. Archaea, the third domain of life, comprises organisms that are metabolically very diverse and able to thrive in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, with extreme conditions (extremophiles) of temperature, salinity, pressure, pH or a combination of them (polyextremophiles). A major question is how the proteins and enzymes of such organisms have evolved to cope with these extreme conditions. Then, we are interested in what are the structural and functional principles underlie the capacity for adaptation. By using ancestral enzyme reconstruction, we will address the structural and functional traits that allow protein adaptation through evolution in the ADP-dependent kinase family. Specifically, we will illustrate the functional and structural changes that enable these enzymes to be active and folded at high salt concentrations, at low temperatures, and how substrate specificity was achieved from bifunctional ancestors. We will show that cold- adaptation of catalysis relies on an increased structural flexibility due mainly to the absence of two ionic interactions which is an ancestral trait in the psychrophilic branch of this enzyme family. Also, we will illustrate that the halophilic character is an ancient trait in the evolution of the ADP-dependent kinase family and that these enzymes adapt to saline environments by a non-canonical strategy different from the one currently proposed. Finally, the study of ancestral enzymes of increasing historical age allows us to explore the mechanism underlying the change of protein function during natural evolution, illuminating the evolutionary basis for substrate recognition. Fondecyt 1150460 6 CONFERENCIA DR. DANKO BRNCIC Grapevine, a woody fruit crop scrutinized from the perspective of its genetic constitution Hinrichsen Patricio 1 (1) Plant Genetics & Biotech, INIA, LA PLATINA Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Investigación La Platina. Santa Rosa 11.610, Santiago, Chile. (+56-2) 25779110; (*) [email protected] Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the first domesticated plant species, originated from the Trans- Caucasus valleys surrounding the Black Sea to Central Europe. The species was brought into America by Spanish conquerors five centuries ago and become naturalized all along the continent in the Mediterranean areas, wonderfully adapted to this part of the New World. Chile has become a key player in the production of table grape (first world exporter) and wine (top five). During the last 25 years, I have been involved in the study of this marvelous fruit crop, being a close witness of the raise of the knowledge on this species, from the understanding of its genetic diversity and population structure, through the unveiling of the complexity and uniqueness of its genome organization, to the identification of markers, genes and genomic regions associated to quali- and quantitative traits of productive significance. In this opportunity, I will summarize the modest but significant contributions we have done regarding the characterization of the Criolla varieties diversity and the up-to-now challenging intra-cultivar variability, to the development of markers and identification of genes related to berry quality in table grapes, combining genomic and phenotypic characterizations. 7 CONFERENCIAS SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE EVOLUCIÓN Premio a la Trayectoria en Biología Evolutiva 2018 Searching the chromosomal footprints in space and time. Studies examples .(Buscando las huellas cromosómicas en el espacio y el tiempo. Ejemplos de estudio) Lamborot Madeleine 1 (1) Ciencias Ecológicas, Ciencias, Universidad de Chile Speciation or the formation of new species constitute an important wide topic of general interest, full of controversies, which necessarily must be study at different levels and from a multidisciplinary perspective involving evolutionary scientists. From the chromosomal point of view, it is accepted that numerous related organisms can differ in their chromosomalcharacteristics, sometimes in extreme degrees. Numerous models of chromosome speciation have been proposed, in which thechromosomal mutations could play an important role by reducingrecombination contributing to the reproductive isolation. The somatic and meiotic chromosomes characterizationfocussed on big groups of organisms in Chile: Gryllidae andMogoplistidae; Iguanidae, mainly Liolaemus, helped to understand the great diversity and the possible causalrelationship between chromosomal changes and speciation. Two excellent species biological models to understand the meaning of the chromosome variation and the origin of the mutations: 1) The endemic Liolaemus monticola complex, with several chromosome races, hybrid zones,whose complexity increase South to North, it is spatially fragmented, as our geography, forming a metapopulation system. I illustrate how chromosome mutation originated in the germline must pass over the selective meiotic barriers conducive to viable gametes, thenby hybridization to be established as heterozygote, perpetuated as such, to disappear, or be fixed in homozygosis; then to expand in a demo and/or to colonize new environments, to replace or becomeextinct. 2) the complex Liolaemus chiliensis, with different ploidies(2n;3n;2n/3n).With these species we can follow the parental, intermediated and thederived chromosome footprints in the space and the time. 8 Convergent evolution in cetacean inner ears. Cooper N 1, Travis Park1 Department of Life Sciences (Vertebrates) Natural History Museum, London Odontocetes (toothed whales) are the most successful marine mammal lineage. The catalyst for their evolutionary success is their ability to use echolocation - a form of biological sonar that allows them to sense their environment using high-frequency sound, which is produced in the forehead and detected by the cochlea. In recent years, several studies have identified different echolocation types, largely correlated with habitat, with an emerging consensus that the morphology of the cochlea is an excellent proxy to distinguish both of these in extant and extinct taxa. Given this strong influence on cochlear shape, we tested whether convergent evolution of the cochlea has occurred within Odontoceti. To do this we used SURFACE; a method that fits Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models with stepwise AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) to identify convergent regimes on a phylogeny. We fit SURFACE models to a phylogeny of odontocetes and identified three convergent regimes: True’s and Cuvier’s beaked whales; sperm whales and all other beaked whales; and kogiids and Dall’s porpoise. We then used distance-based convergence metrics to test whether these convergences were statistically significant. We then discuss factors that may have driven these convergent shifts. 9 CONFERENCIA SOCIEDAD DE GENÉTICA DE CHILE Epigenetic mechanisms in the process of speciation Frias Daniel 1 (1) Instituto de Entomología, Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de La Educación There are described many concepts of species and modes of speciation. However with the advent