Western Great Lakes
Pte.Mouillee 27 Jun (p.a.,AMB). Refound throughat least13 Jul wasa Tricoloredat Horicon27 Jun+ (p.a., AM et al.). Cattle Western Egretspeaked at 17 in Wayne,MI 12 Jun (WGP,m.ob.), 20+ at Horicon26Jul (BW), and 38 in Grant,MN 16 Jul (DAB). Yellow- crownedNight-Heron was found in all three Great Lakes states,including an ad. and imm. at last year'slocation in Jackson,MI 17-20 Jul (p.a.,m. ob.) and one in Jefferson,W1 3 Jun (p.a.,LZ). ThirteenPlegadis in LacQui Par- le, MN 2 Jul (BU) weremost likely White- is•aenllt••s Gunflint faced. WATERFOWLTHROUGH RAILS A Greater White-fronted Goose at Salt L., LacQui Parle 26 Jun-17Jul (BU,JMJ, PHS, M t rest• fish PCC) wasone of veryfew everfound lin- geringinto Jul in Minnesota.Reflecting late •othsa ß ' •au•e. migrationand/or poor conditions on their Arcticbreeding grounds were SnowGeese ) S•ur• • n NicoletN.•a ' • _ in seven Minnesota locations and 3 Rossg ( Big•t•.•R.= Stk •e•eadows•.• ...... • ' ' Geeseat BlackRush L., Lyon,MN 10-11 K Mmneapol• • • • •'• •. uuenaVista n ..... • • •uron Jun (RJS,ph. JGW). ProvidingMinnesota's I • • •lac•%•. GrasslandsB•. • Traverse 4th summerrecord in the pastfive years • • ...... •'• L •nne•,o• Nayanquing•. wasa drakeCinnamon Teal in Lac Qui Par- -. • 7-' I '•;¾e•k •Crosse • •egon • le 1 Jun (ph. BU). Uncharacteristicof the •,,.a• II ' I ValeyS.R 1 I HoriconN •R 1 • Wastewater ..... I Dewl•Lake S.R m Ozauk•: • roSystun seasonwere a HarlequinDuck in Door,W1 S.R Murp•- Pod 5 Jun (T&IB) and a drake Red-breasted HahrenanPark •usingS.R Madison-.. mwauKee Co.' ••' .mAgegan -GrandS.G.A.R•ids Hum Pre•me • •bm• •tmit. Merganserat Pte. Mouillee 20-27 Jun /•e (AMB). Uew' ou,t. SingleMississippi Kites in Milwaukee, • errran o. no a•h- W1 5 Jun (p.a., MK) and at Muskegon S.G.A.,Muskegon, MI 26 Jun (p.a., CF) werepresumably spring overshoots; Michi- necked Grebes nested at Horicon (JBa, gan'sfirst summer record of thisspecies PederH. $vingen m.ob.). Single Eared Grebes visited was from 2003. Rare enoughin summer Muskegon20Jun (BJ) and Columbia, W1 28 was an ad. FerruginousHawk in Yellow 2602East 4th Street Jun(p.a., MP). A WesternGrebe showed up Medicine,MN 9 Jul (BU), but even more at Hodcon27-28 Jun (p.a.,m.ob.). Clarkg unusualwas the imm. Rough-legged Hawk Duluth,Minnesota 55812 Grebewas reportedfrom traditionalMin- in Cottonwood,MN 23 Jul (BRB). This nesotalocations in BigStone, Lac Qui Parle, speciesis casualin summer,and previous ([email protected])and Todd. A few American White Pelicans records have been from areas much farther wandered as far e. as Mackinac and White- north.Spruce Grouse were found in Alger fish Pt. in the U.P and Pte. Mouillee in se. and Chippewain the U.P.and Forest (ST) Michigan.A BrownPelican in Sheboygan, and Vilas(JAB) in n. Wisconsin.Michigan's throughJune, with localized flood- WI 13Jul (p.a.,J&FS) may have embarked onlySharp-tailed Grouse report was from '.ing.uch Julyof thewas Region relatively was cooldry andbut wetstill on a circle tour of the Great Lakes. Algerin the U.P.Northern Bobwhite was cool. Shorebird habitat was excelllent in Sno?yEgrets were at Pte.Mouillee 5 Jun reportedin only 11 Michigancounties vs. westernMinnesota but verypoor in Michi- (SJ),Brown, W1 11Jun (T&IB), andHoricon 20 lastsummer; this species is now consid- gan. 27 Jun-10Jul (TW, DG, MP,TP). Thirteen ered extirpatedin Minnesota.Wisconsin Snowy Egretsin w. Minnesotawas excep- had Bobwhite in Dane, Marquette,and Abbreviations: Horicon (Horicon Marsh, tional for summer but followed an excellent Rock.Providing Michigan's 3rd recordand Dodge,W1); Mud L. (Traverse,MN); Mur- springshowing there. The onlyLittle Blue first for the U.P. was a Black Rail at Munus- phy-Hanrehan(Murphy-Hanrehan Park Heronswere an ad. in Big Stone,MN 2 Jun congW.M.A., Chippewa 3-4 Jun(p.a., BJ). Reserve,Dakota/Scott, MN); Muskegon (BU) and an imm. in Berrien,MI 25 Jul+ KingRail was not reportedin the Region; (MuskegonWastewater System, Muskegon, (m.ob.).Furnishing Michigan's first summer Minnesota'slast acceptedrecord was in MI); Pte. Mouillee (Pointe Mouillee State record since 2000 was a Tricolored Heron at 1992.A pair of CommonMoorhens pro- GameArea, Monroe,MI); Shiawassee(Shi- ß awasseeN.W.R., Saginaw, MI); U.P.(Upper Peninsulaof Michigan). [stump inhis family's backyard near'Grand Marais,Cook 17Jun. He exclaimed tohis father,"Papa, there'sa really big LOONSTHROUGH IBISES :birdoutThree-and-a-half-year-oldthem." Lynden's fatherlooked Lynden oUt•Biotaberg Win•low,discoveredgrabbed Minnesota'shiscamcotaler, first andb•nWoodStork videotaping perched onastopLynden of a said, tree ] TwoHorned Grebes on L. Superiorin Lake, "tie'sintrouble, papa." Thebird stayed forat least 45minutes andwas seen byother family members beforeit flew away. MN 19 Jun (RSF) were apparentlynon- Thisspecies haslong been anticipated inMinnesota, butno one could have predicted thisscenario! breeders.Despite massive flooding, Red-
VOLUME 58 (2004) ß NUMBER 4 531 duced8 youngin Brown,MN (PH et al.); GULLSTHROUGH HOIVIIVIINGBIRD5 speciesin ninecounties (17 lastyear), while Minnesota'sonly other reportwas one in Presumablythe sameLaughing Gull visited Wisconsinand Minneota managed only one Stearns16 Jul (BU). Milwaukee,WI 9 Jun (SL), 25 Jun (KJ), and reporteach. Red-breasted Nuthatches ranged 28 Jul 0I); an apparentLaughing Gull x farthersouthward than usual in Michigan SHOREBIRDS Ring-billedGull hybrid was also reported on and provideda 2nd breedingrecord for The only southboundBlack-bellied Plover thelatter date 01). An ad LaughingGull fre- Berrien;also unusualwas a Red-breastedin reportedwas at Floricon30 Jul (SF).Eleven quented the beachesin Berrien,MI 26 Milwaukee, WI 12 Jun (MB). Northern AmericanGolden-Plovers at Mud L. 3 Jul Jun-13Jul (m.ob.).Franklin's Gulls stayed Mockingbirdswere in eightMichigan coun- (PCC) possiblyattempted to summer;the in threeMichigan and four Wisconsin loca- ties,including Marquette in the U.E, but only Region'sfirst unequivocal fall migrant was in tions.Wisconsin hosted the Region'sonly halfthat many Minnesota and Wisconsin lo- Green, WI 24 Jul (ME). Minnesota's8th Little Gulls in Manitowoe26 Jun (RH) and cations.Adroitly photographed in flight was SnowyPlover was at AlbanyW.T.E, Stearns Brown10 Jul (PS).Small numbers of mostly Minnesota's11th SageThrasher at Dodge 4-5 Jun (ph. tKJB,m.ob.), the first to be imm.Bonaparte's Gulls normally summer in NatureCenter, Ramsey 26 Jun (DN). found since one at Lake of the Woods in n. Minnesota,but the flock of 216 in Roseau 1982!Piping Plovers fared well in Michigan, 27 Jun (PHS)was extraordinary. Amazingly WARBLERSTHROUGH FINCHES with 55 pairsproducing 93 fledglings(fide earlywas a Sabine'sGull in Sank,WI 28Jul TennesseeWarblers in Sheboygan,WI 15Jun JTW); nestingwas not documentedin Min- (p.a., AH). EstablishingMichigan's 10th (SB)and at Shiawassee25Jun (LA, BG) were nesota or Wisconsin. recordwas a pair of LeastTerns at NewBuf- apparentlystill northbound.Fall migrant TwoBlack-necked Stilts lingered at Hori- falo,Berrien 8 Jul (p.a.,TR). Tennesseesnormally first appear in lateJul, conthrough 17Jul 0Ba et al.), and2 more Eurasian Collared-Doves were at six Min- e.g.,one in Portage,WI 17Jnl(JSc). Unusu- visitedJefferson, WI 28 Jul (p.a.,JBi). Amer- nesotalocations, including nesting in Dako- ally latewere Black-throated Blue Warblers icanAvocets nested again in BigStone, MN ta (TN) and Houston(ph. FZL, KAK). In in Anoka,MN 16Jun(PG), Dane,WI 19Jun (PCC,PHS). Difficult to classifywas an avo- Wisconsin,single collared-doves cooed in (CM), and Sherbnrne,MN 23 Jun (P&JG). cet at New Buffalo,MI 29 Jun 0TW), but 2 Columbia8 Jun-10 Jul (KB, TP), Green11 Wisconsinhad severaltardy Blackburnian near St.Joseph 13 Jul (WEJ) and 2 in Mil- Jul (QY), and Milwaukee28 Jul (BA). Visit- Warblers,including one in Ozaukee7 Jul waukee30-31 Jul (m.ob.)represented first ing a feedernear Duluth 16Jun (CE et al.) OF). Yellow-throatedWarblers were con- fallmigrants in Michiganand Wisconsin, re- wasMinnesota's 6th White-wingedDove-- fined to Berrien,MI (m.ob.) and Grant, WI spectivelyA SolitarySandpiper was late in alsothe 3rd for thestate this year. Another (MP,TW, Jl). Michigan's1341 singing male Ozaukee,WI 25 Jun OF); 42 in BigStone, White-wingedstrayed to Kenosha,WI 26 Kirtland'sWarblers was the highesttotal MN 18Jul(PCC, H-IS) was a recordhigh for Jun(p.a., EH). A pairof BurrowingOwls in since the first census in 1951 and included 9 Minnesota.Willets peaked at 9 in Berrien, Watonwan,MN disappearedafter their bur- malesin fourU.E counties.Inexplicable was MI 13 Jul (fideJTW), followingmany re- rowwas dug out by a fox(fide AXH). Michi- a maleBay-breasted Warbler in Berrien,MI 8 ports 20 Jun-31 Jul. Wisconsinreported gan'sfirst Great Gray Owl nestingwas con- Jul (MW). Encouragingwere Cerulean War- Willets in Milwaukee25 Jul (SL) and Sank firmednear Seney N.W.R., Schoolcraft (RB, biersin 12 Minnesotacounties, including 28 Jul (AH). Anotherhigh countwas 132 KA). More widespreadthan usual were oneas far n. as Todd(BU). A Worm-eating SpottedSandpipers at Muskegon26 Jul Grea! Graysin nine Minnesotacounties. Warbler visitedWarren DunesS.E, Berrien, (PCC).Rare in fall,up to 4 HudsonianGod- TwoChuck-will's-widows from spring were MI 1 Jun 0TW). EarlyJun Kentucky War- wits transitedMud L. 30-31 Jul (KJB,PCC still in Vernon,WI 6 Jul (DJ, DT, MP, DB). bierswere in all threestates. Out of range et al.). Marbled Godwits visitedBerrien, MI Poor-qualitydigital imagesof an alleged wasa Kentuckyin Big Stone,MN 24 Jun 14Jul US) andFloricon 8Jul (DT, MP). MagnificentHummingbird in Anoha12 Jun (BU). Wisconsin had Hooded Warblers in Unusual for Michigan was the Semi- (CR) wereastutely recognized as Minneso- Ozuakee13 Jun and Fond du Lac 20 Jun palmatedSandpiper summering at Pie. ta's first Green Violet-ear. (both WM). At Murphy-Hanrehan,22 Mouillee(AMB). A WesternSandpiper was HoodedWarbler territories were mapped; reportedat Horicon8 Jul (p.a.,DT). Single FLYCATCHERSTHROUGH THSHERS six parasitizednests failed, one unpara- White-rumpedSandpipers were document- AcadianFlycatcher extended its breeding sitizednest fledged 3 young,and a recently edin BigStone, MN 18Jnl (PCC,PHS), Lac rangein Wisconsinto EauClaire (JP). Log- fledgedbrood was seen (BAF). Michigan's Qui Parle,MN 22 Jul (BU), and Berrien,MI gerheadShrike was absentfrom Michigan onlyYellow-breasted Chats were in Hillsdale, 25 Jul (TB). SevenDunlin summeredat Pie. this summerand appearedin only three VanBuren, and Washtenaw,while Wisconsin Mouillee(AMB), while singles at Horicon16 Wisconsinlocations, but shrikesoccurred in hadone in Waukesha13Jun (DG), 2 in Rock Jul (TP) and30 Jul (SF)were deemed early 12 Minnesota counties as far nw. as Kittson in mid-Jul (AP), and up to 4 in Dane migrants.An injured Buff-breastedSand- 28Jun (SSP). Casual in Minnesotayet estab- (m.ob.). Chats in five Minnesota locations piperin BigStone 26 Jun (PCC) furnished lishingthe 3rd Clay record was a White-eyed representedthat state'sbest summer show- only the 2nd mid-summerrecord for Min- Vireo banded at BuffaloRiver S.E 5 Jun ing in 25+ years. nesota.An ad. maleRuff in BigStone, MN (GEN,ph. JGa).White-eyeds were in four MaleSummer Tanagers in Dakota0PM et 25-29 Jul (PHS,JMJ, m.ob.) unfortunately Michiganand four Wisconsincounties, in- al.) and Scott,MN (BAF,m.ob.) were pre- disappearedjust beforethe startof the Big cludingone as far n. asMarathon, WI 5 Jun sumablythe sameindividuals that paired StoneN.W.R. shorebirdworkshop. Short- (DB). A PhiladelphiaVireo in Berrien,MI 1 with femaleScarlet Tanagers at theseloca- billed Dowitchercounts peaked at 267 at Jun (AV) wasa bit behindschedule. tions in 2003, as their territorieswere virtu- Pie. Mouillee23 Jul (ATC). An ad. Wilson's Inspiringwere 18,000 Tree Swallowsat ally identical.If accepted,a maleWestern Phalaropewith 4 chicksat Shiawassee18 Jul Shiawassee14Jul (LA,BG, CS). May's Rock Tanagerat Gobles,Berrien 24Jul would fur- (BG,CS) furnished Michigan's first nesting Wrenal FeltonPrairie, Clay, MN attracteda nishMichigan's 2nd summerrecord. A Lark recordin many years.Two Wilson'swere mateand produced 4 young(PCC), provid- Buntingcould not be refoundin Burnett,WI southerlyin Walworth,WI 18-19Jun (KD, ing Minnesota'sfirst breedingrecord. The 9 Jun (p.a.,GJ). Henslow's Sparrows were in WR). TwoRed-necked Phalaropes were ear- range of CarolinaWren has contracted seven counties each in Wisconsin and Min- ly at Horicon8-31 Jul (DT, TW,TP). throughoulthe Region;Michigan had the nesota,including Otter Tail 10Jun+ (CB et
532 NORTH AMERICAN BIRD al.) and Polk 25 Jun (KLP) in nw. Minneso- (ph.RLE, m.ob.). All butfour of Minnesota's thony X. Hertzel, Pete Hoeger, Aaron ta. Wisconsin'sonly Nelson'sSharp-tailed 16 recordshave occurred within the past10 Holschbach,Eric Howe, Robert Hughes, Sparrowwas in Burnett,WI 19 Jun (AP). years.A pairof Great-tailedGrackles was at JohnIdzikowski, Dan Jackson, Scott Jennex, TwentyLincoln's Sparrows comprised a lastyears location in Rock,MN in Jun(ph. Brian Johnson, GretchenJohnson, Karen uniquebreeding population in Sanilac,MI; a CBr).Evening Grosbeaks were found in four Johnson,Wendy E. Jones,Jeanie M. Joppru, nestwith 2 eggswas found 10 Jul (DF,KO, Wisconsinand five Michigancounties, in- TedKeyel, Karla A. Kinsder,Mark Korducki, NS). White-crownedSparrows lingered in cludingCrawford and losco in the n. Lower Fred Z. Lesher, Gregory Links, Steve all three states;the latestwas in Racine,WI 8 Peninsula. Lubahn, Chester Martin, JamesE Mattsson, Jul (TK). Alsotardy were single Dark-eyed Anne Moretti, William Mueller, David Nel- Juncosin Monroe,M1 24 Jun (GL) and Mil- Cited observers(subregional editors in son, Tom Nelson, Gary E. Nielsen, Karl waukee,WI 4Jul (SS).For the 2nd consecu- boldface):Larry Abraham,Betsy Albert, Overman,Katy L. Patterson,Shane S. Patter- tive summer,Chestnut-collared Longspur KarenArquette, Tim Baerwald, Rick Baetsen, son, Andy Paullos,Walter G. Pawloski, was found s. of its traditional Minnesota lo- Jeff Bahls(,JBa), Karl J. Bardon,David A. Mark Peterson,Janine Polk, Tom Prestby, cationat FeltonPrairie: single males were in Bartkey,James Baughman (JAB), Scott CarolReed, Tim Rodenkirk,Wayne Rohde YellowMedicine 9 Jun and Lac Qui Parle 11 Baughman,Ty & Ida Baumann,Dan Belter, (Wisconsin),Joe Schaufenbuel(JSc), Paul Jun (bothBU). JohnBielefeldt (JBi), Brad R. Bolduan,Mari- Schilke,Roger J. Schroeder,Napier Sheldon, An ad. femaleand a first-yearmale Blue lyn Bontly,Conny Brunell (CBr), Carole John& FawnShillinglaw, Jan Shillito (JS), Grosbeakestablished Michigan's first sum- Brysky(CB), Adam M. Byrne(Michigan), GarySiegrist, Ed Smith, Sharon Stiteler, Ped- mer recordin ConstantineTwp., St. Joseph KayBurcar, Allen T. Chartier,Philip C. Chu, er H. Svingen(Minnesota), Carol Szaroletta, 19-26Jul (ATC,JG,m.ob.). The maleLazuli Karl David, Pat & RoseDeutz, RobertL. Ek- DarylTessen, Steve Thiessen, Bill Unzen, Al- Buntingin Leelanau,MI lingereduntil 16 blad,Chris Elmgren, Marty Evanson,Bruce lisonVillage, Mindy Walker,Josh G. Wat- Jun (GS) and has been acceptedas that A. Fall, SeanFitzgerald, Chip Francke,Jim son,Brad Webb, Thomas Wood, Jonathan T. state's first record The influx of Painted Frank, Randy S. Frederickson,Darlene Wuepper,Quentin Yoerger, and Libby Zim- Buntingscontinued in Minnesotawith an Friedman,Joe Gartner (JGa), Peter Getman, merman. Our sincere thanks to hundreds ad.male in Lyon9-11 Jun (P&RD et al.) and Jim Granlund (JG), Bob Grefe, Paul & more contributors who could not be ac- an imm. male at Rochester17 or 18-22Jun JoAnnGunderson, Dennis Gustarson, An- knowledgedindividually. • t Stateof the Region EdwardS,Brinkley, 9 Randolph Avenue- Cape Charles, Virginia 23310- ([email protected]) NoelJ, Cutright ßSenior Terrestrial Ecologist-We Energies ß333 West Everett Street, fioomA231' Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203- ([email protected])
Manyofthe bird conservation concerns thatface Wisconsin, Minnesota, andMichigan are shared withsurrounding regions: theimpact offetal cats, bmod parasitism bycowbirds, window and buildipgstrikes, andover-browsing bydeer will undoubtedly surface repeatedly inother conser• vationsummaries. Weerr if weassume that these concerns are"ginbar' rather than fegionai issues,unlikely tobeimproved byactions atthe state level. In fact, were each such issue tobe addressedandremedied seriously atthe state level as well as the national, thebenefit tobirdlife wouldcertainly beremarkable. • do not mean to minimize theimportance ofsuch issues in givingthom onlya brief mention here, but we will focus inthis summary moreon thespedtics of birdconservation intbe three Western Great Lakes states• Thearian biogeogral•y ofMinnesota, Wisconsin, and•chigan:is similac inthe south, the PrairieHardwood Tr•ns'Rion (8Cfi23) ofthelJpper Great Lakes Plain ispredominant, withbroadleaf forestsand oak savannahs, while in the north, the Boreal Hardwood Transition (BCfi 12) forests are aheterogeneous matrixofoaks, maples, bitch, pines;spruces, tamarack, andbalsam fir,:with •spen acommon early successional spedes.Minnesota's westom and southwestore reachesdiffer from theother two states inhaving:extensive PrairiePothole (BCI• 11) couotvj,andthere are small sec- tionsofsootheastom Michigan andsoutheastern Minnesota withEastern Taft-grass Praide habitats orhabitat poteotial (8CR 22), Hot treated explicitly inthese BCR fabeis, butof vital importance for birdconservation, arethe bomendons lacustrine habitats ofLakes Superior. Huron, and Michigan, sharedwith the enormous province ofOntario. The G•'eat Lakes affect both regiunal climates •nd forestcommunity •ompesition anddeeply affect human settlement pattoms aswell. Thethree-state areacontains onlythree federally listed species: BaldEagle IThrnatened), Piping Plover(Endangered), andKirtland's Warbler (Endangered), Thewarbler has been one ofthe key speciesinpublic relations andawareness campaigns fo•endangered speciesgenerally, anditis the mostendangered Amedcan songbird,.with 1341Singing males in2004--the highest count s'mce surveysbegan in1951. This species providesadear modelfor spncies•based bkdconservation:it has beencarefully studied, itsbreeding ecology iswdi understood, themanagoment of.lackPine habi- tatsand the exdusion ofcowbirds have been measurably successful inincreasing productiv'mj, and theecotoutisro developed around the species hasbeen carefully managed aswell. But there are manyother bird spedes (Table 1)whose populations aresmall, declining, orotherwise imperiled in thethree states. Some ofthese spedes arebirds that reach the edges ofrange inthe Region, whetherfrom the prairies, eastore woodlands, orboreal forests. Others, however, include spedes whoseRegional pep,-•lations aresignificant incuotinental terms--gaird's Sparrow, Golden-winged Kirtland's Warbler isa benchmark species forconservationists seeking tounderstand Wa•oler,Yellow Rail, and Hensiow's Sparrow, forinstance. Some ofthese spedes aremonitored by local,specialized passe6nes. Though some ofthe management Issuesfor this warbler stateDepartment ofNatural Resources agencies, often in partnerships withother organizations; are particular •oits Jack Pine habitat, lessons learned flora its successful recovery have someofthese, and other species, areincluded ininng-term monitoring studies aswell. Species on broadappikations andimplications forother songbird conservation efforts. otberlists, such asthe PIF WatchList andthe ABC's Green list, occupy what might be called the next PhotographbyOlin Jewall Petting•11, Jr/VIREO.
VOLUME 58 (2004) NUMBER 4 533 levelof centera; wewili attempt toiocorporate consideration ofsome ofthose species, bycrude Partne•inFlight Bird ConservatiOn Planforthg Upper G•eat Lakes Plain, which canbe down• habitattype, inwhat follows, asthey complement statelists in several important respects. loadedatthe organizatiun's website••Of all the •abi•ats represented inthe'three sta•,•prairie habitatisboth the most•altered Regionally andthe most threatened globally• Forestedand early•sUccassional'habitats Loss,degradation, andfragmentation ofweoc•and habitats byland couversinn• sprawl,.timber Ongoing initiatives, harvest,andother uses have combined toproduce alarming reductionsin specksconsidered rel? Inaddition tn.those mentioned •beve•ther• are many promisingsefforts underwaytha• will'aid adveiycommon, bethin northe[n andsouthern forests ofthe Region. Although thetotal forested bird conservation in each state, TheWisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas project acreagesinnorthern Wlscousin, forinstance, maybe dose tothose ofprecolonial time;the age, (•www.uwgb.edu/birds/wbba•) mustered-1604partkipa•ts tomap nesting birdsin that state; cornposition, and fragmentation levelsare drastically different, Many of the industrial forests and thesedata help guide conservation decisions byseveral agencies, TheWisconsin BirdConserva- othe!'private lands are being rapidly subdivided jritoincreasingly smaller ownershipS, withinure tionInitiative (
534 NORTH AMERICAN BiRD