Wrestling Is Part of the Martial Arts

TOMSK POLYTECHNIС UNIVERSITY

M.V. Netesova E.A. Leksina

SPORT FOR PROFESSIONALS STUDENT’S BOOK

Recommended for publishing by the Editorial Board of the Tomsk Polytechnic University

Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House 2010 Федеральное агентство по образованию Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

М.В. Нетесова Е.A. Лексина

СПОРТ ДЛЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛОВ

Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия Редакционно-издательским советом Томского политехнического университета

Издательство Томского политехнического университета 2010

2 УДК 802.0(075.8) ББК Ш143.21-923 Н571

Нетесова М.В. Н571 Спорт для профессионалов: учебное пособие / М.В. Нетесова, Е.A. Лексина - Томск: Изд-во Томского политехнического университета, 2010. - 84 с.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов факультета физической культуры Томского Политехнического Университета и ВУЗов России. Учебное пособие состоит из профессионально-ориентированных текстов по теме спорт и физическая культура. Ко всем учебным текстам авторами разработаны упражнения, которые предполагают индивидуальную, парную и групповую работу. Текстовый материал пособия позволит студентам получить профессионально-ориентированную информацию на английском языке и пополнить словарь профессиональных терминов по своей специальности. Тексты являются аутентичными и отобраны из современных англоязычных источников (в том числе Интернет сайтов).

УДК 802.0(075.8) ББК Ш143.21-923

Рецензенты Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, зав. каф. теории и методики преподавания иностранных языков ТГПУ О. Н. Игна

Кандидат философских наук каф. английской филологии факультета иностранных языков ТГУ И. А. Черепанова

© ГОУ ВПО «Национально исследовательский Томский политехнический университет», 2010 © Нетесова М.В., Лексина Е.А., 2010 © Оформление. Издательство Томского

политехнического университета, 2010

3 TO THE STUDENTS

This book is for you if you are studying sport or if you work in the sport industry. What is in English for sportsmen? The Class Book and the Student’s Book contain 8 units. All based on themes from sport industry. It includes topics such as: . tennis . football . wrestling . dancing . fitness Each unit opens with a few questions. And often some pictures, to start you thinking about the theme you will be studying. Reading will improve your reading skills. Speaking activities present realistic and motivating situations where you can practice the language you have studied. The Vocabulary sections will help you to develop a richer vocabulary. These sections introduce and practice many words and expressions required in the sport industry. A word list of more than 100 sport terms included in the Class Book is printed on the final pages, along with translations into Russian language. A Workbook provides extra tasks for study at home or in class.

We very hope you will enjoy using SPORT FOR PROFESSIONALS.

4 UNIT 1. THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

WARM-UP

1. What do you know about Tomsk Polytechnic University? Do the following quiz to check your knowledge.

1. Tomsk Polytechnic University was founded in … A. 1898. B. 1927. C. 1896.

2. The faculty of Physical Education was founded in … A. 1898. B. 1927. C. 1896.

3. For about 20 years the group cross country running in honour of Alexandra Postolskaya was held because she … A. was the best sports girl B. was the student of the C. was the student of the of the University. University who was University who was perished as a hero during perished as a hero during the Great Patriotic war. World War I.

4. The head of the University is … A. Vladimir Andreyev. B. Yuri Pokholkov. C. Peter Chubik.

5. The lingo centre of the faculty of Physical Education is situated on … A. Sovetskaya street. B. Usov street. C. Lenin street.

2. Read the text about the faculty of Physical Education below and the text about Tomsk Polytechnic University in the Workbook to check your answers.

PRE-READING

3. Find the similar words.

A. academic 1. prize-winner B. diverse 2. supply C. laureate 3. scholarly D. equip 4. different E. provide 5. fit out F. course 6. line of motion or direction

5 4. Complete the sentences with the words above. You can use the words of both columns.

1. An umbrella ______protection from the rain. 2. The price is ______from ten to one hundred dollars. 3. The ship is on a ______to Spain. 4. She loved school and wanted an ______job. 5. Sorry, we can't handle that work. Our office is not ______for such a big job.

READING 5. You will read the text about the Faculty of Physical Education in Tomsk Polytechnic University. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the best ending to each section (1-6). There is one extra sentence.

A. … at the Olympic Games in Beijing. B. … friendly and supportive atmosphere. C. … students and staff and helps to ‘evolve and develop.’ D. … were Nikolay Konstantinovich Zhuravlev and Dmitriy Vladimirovich Moravetskiy. E. … got the right to represent our country at the European championship in 2007. F. … was perished as a hero during the Great Patriotic war. G. … got the title “The Couch of the Year”. H. … are available for both training and recreational use.

The Faculty of Physical Education The Faculty of Physical Education is based on Tomsk Polytechnic University, its academic roots go back to 1927. Members of faculty pride their selves on their (1) … . The Faculty consists of 2 departments: the department of Physical Education and the Department of Sports Disciplines. Physical training course at Tomsk Polytechnic University was introduced in 1927 at the military department. In 1934 the new sports equipment appeared in sport gymnasiums and the department of Physical Education was opened. The founders of this department (2) … . Not only military-applied sports were developed, but weightlifting, track- and-field athletics, skiing, boxing, basketball, volleyball, football were also popular. The first traditions of sport days among the faculties were formed after the Great Patriotic war. For about 20 years the group cross country running in honour of Alexandra Postolskaya was held. She was the student of the University Geological department and she (3) … . 6 In 2006 the Department of Physical Education became the Faculty of Physical Education. Disciplines provided by the Department of Sports Disciplines are:

weightlifting swimming track-and-field sambo athletics karate-do cross country judo skiing mountaineering boxing, rock-climbing volleyball sport orienteering basketball sport dances football chess biathlon table tennis

Students come from diverse social and cultural backgrounds; some local, others from all over the Russian Federation and increasingly overseas. Many come after a break from full-time education. This makes the Faculty an exciting place for (4) … . Several gyms, football fields, outdoor tracks, courts for basketball and volleyball, a swimming pool, well equipped sports centers and sport camp for rest and training on the river Ob (5) … . The university became the winner of Tomsk Universities Tournaments. Maxim Tsoy and Eugenia Podborodnikova became the winners of karate region competitions. Also Eugenia became the winner of Russians competitions and (6) … . Kurilov Aleksey won the bodybuilding cup and became “Mister Universe”. In the regional contest Eugenia Podborodnikova became the laureate and her coach Grigorovich Sergey Stanislavovich (7) … . The Faculty’s graduates are prepared for a wide range of career outlets such as PE teachers, coachers, physical activity and fitness leaders, sport managers, exercise physiologists, and college and university professors.

6. Complete the sentences, using the information from the text.

1. Students of Tomsk Polytechnic University can study sport disciplines at … 2. Military department was … 3. The department of Physical Education was opened when … 4. Disciplines provided by the Department of Sports Disciplines are … 5. There you can find students from … 6. If you want to have a rest in summer you will … 7. Winners of karate tournament are … 8. My future speciality is …

VOCABULARY

7 7. Complete the sentences with the missing words from the box below. There is one example.

0 studying 3. obligatory 6. artificial 9. information 1. winners 4. facilities 7. pass 10. championships 2. term 5. knowledge 8. competition 11. after-class

1. While (0) studying students get the (1) … of anatomy, physiology, hygiene, biochemistry, biomechanics, sport medicine, medical massage, (2) … technologies in physical culture and sport, methodology. 2. The students of Tomsk Polytechnic University became the prize - (3) … of the world (4) … . 3. Sport training is (5) … for all student for three years. 4. They must (6) … the exam at the end of the sixth (7) …. 5. Besides all the students can participate in (8) … sport activities. 6. The traditional first year sport (9) … including 7 kinds of spots. 7. Every hostel has mini sport centres with training (10) …. 8. Sport facilities of Tomsk Polytechnic University include stadium; mini-football playground with (11) … covering; skiing lodge and others facilities.

8. Divide your class into two teams. Match each specific term in column I, with the generic term in column II. The team which will match the terms first correctly wins the score.

1. barbell A. volley-ball 2. racket B. cricket 3. wicket C. golf 4. alpenstock D. fencing 5. catcher E. figure - skating 6. gauntlet F. tennis 7. puck G. ice-hockey 8. tee H. mountaineering 9. spin I. baseball 10. ring J. boxing 11. net K. chess-playing 12. chess-board L. weight-lifting

SPEAKING

9. Do you like studying at Tomsk Polytechnic University: what are advantages and disadvantages? 8 10. Speak on each kind of sport on the list below; briefly describe it as well as the qualities it requires from the sportsman, e.g. strength, endurance, quickness of reaction, courage, etc. Say a few words about its advantages and attractive features:

mountaineering, rowing, yachting, hockey, tennis, basket-ball, volley-ball, chess, boxing, wrestling, fencing, artistic gymnastics, figure-skating, skiing, ski-jumping, archery, discus throwing, wind-surfing, marathon.

11. Make up dialogs discussing one (or several) of the sports from the list above. Use the following:

in my opinion …; there’s nothing like …; I don’t quite see what people find in …; how can you say such a thing!; I don’t know anything more exiting than …; I see nothing exiting in …; I can’t agree with you there; absolutely marvelous; I like it immensely

12. Say in what countries the following sports and games are popular:

cricket, surfing, karate, rugby, baseball, judo (jujitsu), lacrosse, soccer, croquet, golf, tennis, football.

LISTENING

13. You will hear a conversation between a TV presenter and Professor Giffen. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If it is correct put a tick (√) in the box under Yes, if it is incorrect put a tick (√) in the box under No. Yes No 1. Teaching profession is criticized 2. Professor Giffen has never been a classroom teacher 3. Most students study better when they feel relaxed and confident 4. Many people think that “friendly approach” leads to bad discipline 5. Today teachers have less time to get to know their students 6. Successful teacher constantly updates materials

14. What were your favourite subjects at school? Why? Was it a pleasure to study them? Would you like to become a teacher after graduating from the university?

9

WRITING

15. Try to describe your favourite game. Use a dictionary to look up any special words. Write the description according to the plan given in the example. Then change the writing papers with your partner. Let your partner guess which game you are describing. Example: 1. Number of players (per team): Two teams of eleven players each.

2. Equipment necessary: a ball. 3. Place where played: a special field which has goal posts at both ends. 4. How to play and win: the players kick the ball to each other. They try to kick it between the goal posts of the opposing team. The opposing team try to stop them. The team scoring the greatest number of the ‘goals’ wins. 5. Length of game: one hour and a half, with a break in the middle. 6. Some of the rules: only the two goal keepers (who stand in front of the two goals) are followed to touch the ball with their hands; no one can kick or push another player.

10 UNIT 2. WHAT IS WRESTLING?

WARM-UP

1. The term ‘wrestling’ is an old English word originated some time before 1100 A.D. But what is ‘wrestling’? Choose the right answer. Explain your choice. Use the model: I think wrestling is …, because … I think the first variant is true, because …

1. It is perhaps the oldest word still in use in the English language to describe hand-to-hand combat. 2. A sport or contest in which two unarmed individuals struggle hand-to-hand with each attempting to subdue or unbalance the other. 3. It is a strength sport that requires a large amount of muscle stamina.

PRE-READING

2. You are going to read an article about wrestling. Before reading guess if the sentences (1-4) are True (T) or False (F).

1. Wrestling is a fight. 2. There are three people usually take part in the fight. 3. The only one style of wrestling exists nowadays. 4. There is no such kind of wrestling as beach wrestling.

3. Match the words (1-5) from the text to their synonyms A-E.

1. martial A. fight 2. engagement B. line

3. current C. compete

4. range D. fight

5. combat E. modern, running

6. strive F. warlike

11 READING

4. Read the first part of the article and answer the questions. What does a wrestling match consist of? What do physical techniques include? How many styles of wrestling are there in the world?

Wrestling is part of the martial arts. A wrestling match consists of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over, or control of the opponent. Physical techniques used, include clinching, holding, locking, application of leverage and takedowns. Today there are a wide range of styles with varying rules. Particular wrestling styles have particular rules. Also, one can distinguish between traditional and non-traditional styles of wrestling, and wrestling techniques found in military hand-to-hand combat and self-defense systems. According to the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, there are five current International wrestling disciplines acknowledged throughout the world. They are Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Grappling, Beach wrestling and Sambo.

5. Match the words 1-6 from the text to their synonyms A-E.

1. clinching A. leverage 2. holding B. taking

3. locking C. retention

4. application of leverage D. tough capture

5. distinguish E. recognized

6. acknowledged F. to differ

12 6. Read the second part of the text about styles of wrestling. Match the titles (A-D) to the paragraphs (1-6). There is one extra letter. The first is given as an example. (0) A

A. Greco-Roman B. Freestyle wrestling E. Beach wrestling C. Submission wrestling F. Collegiate wrestling D. Sambo G. Professional wrestling

0. A. 1. It is an international discipline and an It is standing wrestling done by Olympic sport. "In this style, it is wrestlers, male or female, forbidden to hold the opponent below inside a sand-filled circle the belt, to make trips, and to actively measuring 6 meters (20 ft) in use the legs in the execution of any diameter with only two weight action.". Pinning ones opponent to the categories, heavy and light. mat, is one way of winning. One of the The objective is to throw an most well known Greco-Roman opponent or take the opponent wrestlers is Alexander Karelin from to their back. The wrestlers Russia. wear swimsuits rather than special wrestling uniforms. Wrestlers may also wear spandex or athletic shorts. 2. 3. It is international discipline and an It is a martial art that Olympic sport, for both men and originated in the Soviet Union women. This style allows the use of the (particular Russia) in the 20th wrestler's or his opponent's legs in century. It is an acronym for offense and defense. Freestyle "self-defense without wrestling, has its greatest origins in weapons" in Russian and had catch-as-catch-can wrestling and the its origins in the Soviet armed prime victory condition in this styles forces. Its influences are involves the wrestler winning by pinning varied, with techniques his opponent on the mat. borrowed from sports ranging from the two international styles of Greco-Roman and freestyle to judo, jujutsu, European styles of folk wrestling, and even fencing.

13 4. 5. This competitive wrestling is This kind of wrestling uncommon. Professional wrestling (sometimes known as refers in practice to "sports scholastic wrestling or folkstyle entertainment", where matches are wrestling) is the commonly commonly 'worked' to an arranged used name of wrestling outcome, as a result of staged combat. practiced at the college and university level in the United States. This style, with modifications, is also practiced at the high school and middle school levels, and also for younger participants. The term is used to distinguish the style from other styles of wrestling used in other parts of the world, and from those of the Olympic Games: Greco- Roman wrestling, and Freestyle wrestling.

7. Complete the sentences (1-7) choosing the best variant A, B or C.

1. The term wrestling is … A. an American word that originated some time before 1100 A.D. B. an American word that means fight. C. an Old English word that originated some time before 1100 A.D.

2. A wrestling match consists of … A. tight embrace between two people. B. physical engagement between two people. C. physical engagement between four people.

3. This kind of fight is not a kind of wrestling. A. Sambo B. Judo C. Grappling

4. The one way of winning in wrestling is A. pinning one’s opponent to the mat. B. holding one’s opponent on the mat. C. locking one’s opponent in the hands.

5. It is not possible in wrestling A. to hold the opponent below the belt. B. to make trips. C. to hit the opponent’s head. 14 6. Sambo techniques were borrowed from A. Freestyle wrestling. B. Greco-Roman and freestyle, judo, jujutsu, European styles of folk wrestling. C. Greco-Roman wrestling, and Freestyle wrestling.

7. The objective of Beach wrestling is A. to throw an opponent or take the opponent to their back. B. to throw sand into opponent’s eyes. C. to break some parts of the opponent’s body.

8. Professional wrestling refers in practice to A. sports for money. B. sports entertainment. C. sports competitions.

VOCABULARY

8. Make up the word collocations. Use the words from the box.

martial particular well of winning physical military the belt circle trips combat younger categories middle without weapons

______arts hand-to-hand ______participants way ______engagement below ______rules to make ______combat sand-filled ______known weight ______school self-defense ______

9. Replace the word or words in italics in each sentence with the word from the box.

arranged outdoors record second captain postponed referee side champion professionally score spare crew a) Mary plays tennis as a way of earning her living. PROFESSIONALLY b) Tomorrow's hockey match has been put off for another time.______c) In motor racing last year William Green was the best driver of all. ______d) The player with the lowest number of points wins the game.______e) A match between the two top teams has been fixed for next month.______f) I like going swimming in my free time.______g) Jane Briggs was the runner-up in the 100 meters hurdles.______h) Who is the player in charge of your football team? ______i) She won all her matches this season, which is a best ever performance.______

15 j) Charles was sent off for punching the person who controls the match.______k) We decided to hold this year's dancing competition in the open air.______1) Everyone agreed that United were the best team.______

SPEAKING

What are advantages and disadvantages of doing wrestling?

10. Work in two teams: team 1 is for wrestling team 2 is against wrestling

11. Divide the list of advantages and disadvantages of doing wrestling into two columns: for / against. Points: If you do wrestling you

1. stay fit 2. stay healthy 3. get up early in the morning 4. can’t sleep in the morning 5. are strong and brave 6. have boring life 7. don’t need to visit PE lessons 8. are late everywhere 9. can miss your morning bus 10. have no time for personal life 11. are always in good mood 12. don’t have symptoms of depression and anxiety 13. sleep well 14. lose weight 15. have attractive figure 16. can’t stay at home for the hole day 17. can be a champion 18. can’t have a lot of friends, because of limited time

12. Use the following examples of the sentences to tell about the choice of your team. Can you add some more points into your list? a) I am sure … b) We suppose … c) We think … point … is for/against morning exercises, because d) I think …

13. Have you got the same points in the both lists?

14. Are there any points your teams disagree? What are they? Why?

16 LISTENING

15. You are going to listen to part of a sport radio programme. All the things shown in the pictures (A-F) appear in the programme. What do you think it is about? Why do you think so?

A. Ranulph Fiennes and Mike Stroud B. A heart operation

C. The New York Marathon D. Cairo

E. The Antarctic F. Millions of pounds

16. Now listen to the programme to find out if you were right.

17. Listen again and choose the correct answers.

The winner of the marathon was Martin Lel / Rodgers Rop. The fastest woman ran the race in 2 hours 10 minutes and 30 seconds / 2 hours 22 minutes and 31 seconds. They ran their first marathon in the North Pole / Patagonia. In the last seven days, Fiennes and Stroud have been to Sydney, Singapore and Cairo / the Andes, the Amazon and the desert of Oman. They have raised more than two / four million pounds for a multiple sclerosis research centre. Ranulph Fiennes is going into hospital / to work soon. 17 18. Who are the great sport heroes in your country? What have they done?

WRITING: an informal letter

19. Read the exam task and answer the questions. You have recently taken up a new sporting activity and your pen friend Alex wants to hear about it. Write a letter to Alex describing the activity and explaining what you particularly like about it. Write your letter in 120-180 words in an appropriate style. Do not include any postal addresses.

1. Who will read your letter? A. your pen friend B. your sports instructor 2. Should the style be: A. formal? B. informal?

20. The task has two parts. Tick (/) the two points that you must include in your letter.

A. what made you decide to take up this sport B. what the activity involves C. what your instructor is like D. the best thing about the sport E. why the sport is popular in your country Exam tip!

You may mention other points about the sport in your letter as long as you cover the two things that are asked for. However you should keep to the subject of sport. Don't introduce other topics, e.g. your family, holidays, etc.

21. Look at the question again. Which one of the following would not be a suitable activity to write about?

• golf • basketball • fishing • photography • swimming

22. Tick the most suitable content for each paragraph of your letter.

Paragraph 1 1. news about your family 2. thank Alex for his/her letter and introduce the sport 3. news about your school

18 Paragraph 2 1. the history of the sport 2. what taking part in the sport involves 3. how popular the sport is in your country

Paragraph 3 1. describe a game or match you have enjoyed watching 2. say why you like the sport 3. say which aspect of the sport you enjoy most

Paragraph 4 1. invite Alex to come and take part in the sport 2. arrange to go on holiday with Alex 3. tell Alex about your exams

23. Now write your letter. Remember to: write a suitable greeting and ending, use an informal style, cover both parts of the task, divide your letter into paragraphs.

24. Check your work.

• Have you completed the task? • Is the style appropriate? • Have you used a good range of vocabulary and structures? • Are the grammar and spelling correct?

19 UNIT 3. FITNESS, DANCING & AEROBICS

WARM-UP

1. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.  What’s the best way to be fit?  Is it easy or difficult to get fit and healthy?

2. What kinds of dancing do you know? What style is in the picture? Can you dance?

3. Learn the components of physical fitness. Decide which component is a central component. Explain your choice. There are four main elements that define physical fitness: Aerobic (cardiovascular) fitness - The body's ability to take in and use oxygen to supply energy throughout the body. Muscular fitness - The strength and endurance of muscles. Flexibility - The ability to move joints and stretch muscles fully through their normal range of motion. Body composition - The amount of fat tissue in relation to other tissue in the body. T1: All these are important elements to consider when analyzing your personal fitness. But aerobic fitness is a central component. Increasing your aerobic fitness has many health benefits, and can best be improved with exercise that dynamically employs large muscle groups, such as walking, running, cycling, an aerobic group fitness class, rowing and cross-country skiing.

PRE-READING

4. You are going to read an article in which Olympic athletes describe how they train. Look at the photos and discuss these questions, using the words and expressions from the box.

1. What special equipment and facilities do you need for each sport? 2. What physical and mental skills do you need for each sport? 3. How do you think each athlete trains for competitive events?

goggles net whistle trainers flippers rowing machine running machine helmet weight-lifting equipment cycling machine racquet gloves stick punch bag speed fast reflexes stamina a good sense of balance hand-eye coordination determination motivation courage

20

READING 5. Read the text and do the task after the text.

A. The Boxer I need all-body strength. I build myself up with a lot of running, eight kilometers every morning. Then I go and train at a local sports centre - weight machines, plus running, rowing and cycling machines. I box from six to eight in the evenings, either a punchbag or training with another boxer, whatever my coach says. It's difficult to find a good way to make my footwork faster except to keep working on it. I've never done ballet, though many boxers are keen on ballet as a way to improve their agility. I have some cereal and a glass of orange juice for breakfast. At lunchtime, I have fruit. When I've finished training, I have rice or pasta, with white meat. It may not sound much, but as a feather-weight I've got to keep my weight below 57 kilograms.

21 B. The runner I am a marathon running; I mainly need lower-body muscles, chiefly the legs. They're developed over very long periods, I mean years. The upper body doesn't need so much development, run 200 kilometres a week, so the most important thing for me is to replenish my energy source because I'm burning up a lot of calories. I need a large amount of carbohydrates and plenty of fluids. I make an effort to eat a really good variety of foods, but not too much high-protein food, so that I'm taking in all the necessary vitamins and minerals. And that makes my diet interesting as well. On long training runs I think about a variety of things, just like someone out for a walk. But in a race, it's very different. The focus is on what's happening, your plans and responding to what people are doing around you. C. The hockey player For hockey, you need to be ready fit. I always do about thirty minutes running or cycling first thing in the morning. That's followed by a session in the gym, but I never do more than two hours a day. My coach warned me against overtraining. I once became ill through training too much and missed out on an important competition. As well as general fitness training, I practise hockey skills with the rest of the team about three times a week. I'm still at university, and living on campus, so I don't get much choice about my diet. I eat more or less whatever they put in front of me. There tends to be a lot of high-carbohydrate food like pasta, bread or mashed potatoes. I burn off the calories during training. D. The cyclist It might sound strange, but when pedaling a bike you don't use that much actual strength. Cycling is about energy output, so you need stamina, not strength. As for diet, I need the highest amount of carbohydrates I can get. I steer clear of fatty food as much as I can. For breakfast I have cereal and a glass of orange juice. I eat again when I feel hungry. I don't stick to traditional mealtimes because I don't think the human body is designed to have three big meals a day. Mid-afternoon I might eat some fish and then a couple of hours later I might have another bowl of cereal. So the whole thing can vary. My training is very methodical and it hurts a lot! I've got a static bicycle in my garage, and I try and do a fraction more each time. When you look back at the record over a long period of time, the difference is quite appreciable.

6. Look at the text again. Answer the questions.

1. Which athlete seems to have the hardest routine? 2. Which sport do you find most exciting? 3. Which athlete a) tries to eat a varied diet? b) dislikes a certain activity? c) doesn't pay special attention to what he/she eats? d) mentions the time it takes to build the right muscles? e) has to be careful how much he/she eats? f) carefully measures his/her improvement? g) mentions taking advice about his/her training? h) does some training at home? i) mentions an activity practiced by others in his/her field?

22 j) avoids certain types of food? k) is careful not to spend too much time training?

VOCABULARY

7. Match the words (1-14) with their definitions (A-N).

1. burn up A. Have a chance to do something 2. get to B. To be completely destroyed or consumed by fire. 3. work on C. Can be noticed or seen. 4. appreciable D. Be different from. 5. necessary E. feeling excited, angry, worried 6. quite F. Completely or very much so 7. ready G. Not moving or changing 8. replenish H. Make better. 9. static I. Prepared. 10. vary J. To fill something that was emptied. 11. respond K. A small part of something. 12. fraction L. Related to most members of a category. 13. improve M. To answer with words or actions. 14. general N. Needed

8. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.

1. My taste in music ______greatly from my friends. 2. We ate all the food and now we have to ______the refrigerator. 3. The police ______to her call for help. 4. In ______, dogs have brown eyes, but a few dogs have blue eyes. 5. He studied harder to ______his grades. 6. I only got a ______of the cake. 7. I never ______say goodbye. 8. The letters ______in the fire. 9. He gained an ______amount of weight after he stopped playing sports. 10. Dinner will be ______in twenty minutes. 11. War is ______bad. 12. It is ______to have a drivers license to rent a car.

9. Add the missing letters and find out what dancing styles are these. Example: 12 cha - cha - cha

1. l_ _ ina 5. s_ls_ 9. _ip-h_ _ 2. _um_a 6. ma_mb 10. _ _ zz 3. s_m_a 7. fl_ m_ _ _o 11. w_ _tz 4. t_ _ _o 8. pa_ad_ _l 12. cha-_ _ _-cha

23 SPEAKING

10. Think of someone you know who would be a good contestant for a TV game show as a:  dancer;  runner;  fitness trainer. Why would they be good? Make notes about the following: their personality their practical skills their appearance and health other reasons

11. Work in groups. Take it in turns to describe your person. Then decide in a group who is the best person to go on the game show.

12. Choose the topic from the list below. You must talk for thirty seconds without stopping. Before you speak, spend some time preparing what you are going to say.  Fitness  Waltz  Cycling  Boxing

LISTENING

13. Listen to five short conversations and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Dave is going to cycle from London to Brighton to find money for charity. 2. He wants his colleagues to cycle with him. 3. Everybody in the office agrees to give some money. Listen to the conversations again and complete the sentences with Camilla (C), Avril (A), Derek (D), Linda (L) or Dave (D). ____doesn't have much money at the moment. ____doesn't think that Dave will complete the cycle ride. ____ gives the least amount of money. ____ gives £20. ____ has received some good news. ____ is extremely easy. ____ is not happy about doing somebody else's w ____ wants a cup of tea.

24 WRITING: report (evaluating)

Exam files: you may be asked to write a report for a superior or for colleagues or other members of a club. You will have to supply information, for example, about a place or a facility, and you may need to add recommendations or suggestions.

14. Read the writing task below.

A. Underline the points you need to keep in mind when you write your report. One important point has been underlined for you. You are a member of a student club. The club secretary wishes to find out more about a new sports centre in your area so that he can inform club members about it. Write a report for the club secretary describing the sports centre and outlining some of its good and bad points. Write your report in 120-180 words in an appropriate style.

B. Answer these questions. 1. Who are you writing your report for? 2. What style will be appropriate? 3. Why are you writing the report? You need A. to compare different sports centres B. to give information about one sports centre

15. Read the report one student wrote and answer these questions. 1. Has the writer included all the necessary information? Would the reader be fully informed about the subject? Style/register

2. Is the report written in an appropriate style for the target reader? Format

3. How could the writer make the topic of each section stand out more clearly? Strategy

Make sure you: • use a neutral or formal style depending on your reader. DON'T use informal style. • use the correct format for a report. • divide information into separate sections. Use an appropriate heading for each section. The reader can then quickly and ea identify the information he/she needs. • number points in a section if this helps to make things clearer. • write a clear introduction and conclusion. • use short sentences to make the information easier to understand.

25 Report To: The club secretary From: Peter Kay Date: 12 May 20 Subject: Description of Kings Sports Centre Introduction

Here is my report. This centre is located in the city centre, so it is easy to reach. It opens every day from 6 a.m. 10 p.m. There is a well-equipped gymnasium, indoor and outdoor football pitches and several tennis courts. There is also a large pool. (It was closed last week due to technical problems but reopens next week.) Admission prices are reasonable, so all our members can afford them. A booking scheme is being introduced in order to limit numbers at peak times. 1.The centre is bright and well-equipped. 2.The instructors are well-qualified. 3. The changing rooms are excellent and there are secure lockers for belongings. A member of staff patrols the rooms regularly so as to discourage thieves. But the new car park is tiny, so you will spend a lot of time for a parking. In spite of minor drawbacks, I think all our members would enjoy using this excellent centre.

26 UNIT 4. TENNIS

WARM-UP

1. What do you know about these people? Match the persons with the names of the sports.

1. Alina Kabaeva a) basketball

2. Hassiba Boulmerca b) tennis 3. Serena Williams c) surfing 4. Michael Jordan d) gymnastics 5. Kostja Tzju e) figure skating 6. Roger Federer f) running 7. Jack O’Neill g) boxing

8. Maxim Marinin h) tennis

2. Work in two groups. Try to remember as many names of tennis players as you can. The group which knows more names is the winner.

PRE-READING

3. You will read an article about the world famous tennis player. But what tennis tournaments do you know? Match the names of tournaments A-D with their descriptions 1-4.

1. The Australian Open A. is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is generally considered the most prestigious. The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July. 2. The US Open tennis B. is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis tournament tournaments held each year. The tournament is held each January at Melbourne Park 3. The Championships, C. is a men's and women's tournament Wimbledon, or simply played on a hard court surface in Beijing. Wimbledon 4. China Open D. is one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, first contested in 1881. It was the final event of the Grand Slam Tournament.

27 4. What do you think is the name of this player?

A. Marat Safin B. Roger Federer C. John Best D. Tyler Hochwalt E. Pete Sampras

READING 5. Now you are going to read the text about one of these sportsmen. Who is this text about? Divide the text into paragraphs. ______… was born in August 8, 1981. Now he is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked World No. 2. He was the World No. 1 ranked player for a record 237 consecutive weeks, from February 2, 2004, through August 17, 2008. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest male singles players in the open era. This sportsman has won 13 Grand Slam singles titles (3 Australian Open, 5 Wimbledon, 5 US Open), currently just one shy of all-time leader Pete Sampras. He has also won 4 Tennis Masters Cup titles, and 14 ATP Masters Series titles, as well as winning Olympic gold in doubles. He holds many records in the game, including having appeared in 10 consecutive Grand Slam men's singles finals (2005 Wimbledon Championships through the 2007 US Open) and 18 consecutive Grand Slam singles semifinals (2004 Wimbledon-present). He also holds the open era records for most consecutive wins on both grass courts (65) and hard courts (56). He has a storied rivalry with Spaniard Rafael Nadal, who recently succeeded him as the World No. 1 player. As a result of his successes in the sport, he has been named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year four times (2005-08). He is highly involved in various charities. He established the … Foundation in 2003 to help disadvantaged people and to promote sports to youth. He was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF from 2006. Since then, he has visited South Africa and Tamil Nadu, one of the worst tsunami-affected areas in India. He has also appeared in UNICEF public messages to raise public awareness of AIDS. … considers Swiss German his first language. He also speaks German, French and English fluently and conducts press conferences in all four. His favourite vacation spots are Dubai, the Maldives, and the Swiss mountains. He is a good friend of golf superstar Tiger Woods and musician Gavin Rossdale. He is Roman Catholic and met Pope Benedict XVI while playing the 2006 Internazionali BNL d'Italia tournament in Rome. Time Magazine named Federer as one of the 100 most influential people in 2007. He is also a cricket and football fan. And he is a fan of Italian club AS Roma. He spends part of his off-time playing cricket. In 2007, he was photographed by Annie Leibowitz as King Arthur. This was part of a series of photographs taken by her of many different celebrities for Disney's Year of a Million Dreams project. He won the Kooyong AAMI Classic, an exhibition tournament after defeating Carlos Moya 6-2, 6-3 and Fernando Verdasco 6-3, 3-6, 7-6 and compatriot Stanislas Wawrinka 6-1, 6-3 in the final. In the first round of the Australian Open, he beat Andreas Seppi 6-1, 7-6, 7-5. And then progressed onto the second round where he faced hard-hitting Russian Evgeny Korolev, then he faced Russian Marat Safin in the third round, whom he defeated in straight sets 6-3, 6-2, 7-6. In the fourth round, he came back from 2 sets down to defeat Tomas Berdych 4-6, 6-7(5), 6- 4, 6-4, 6-2. He will now face the number 8 seed Juan Martin del Potro in the Quarter Finals.

28 6. Read the text again then, for questions 1-7, choose the best answer, A, B, C or D. More than one answer can be right.

1. This text is about … . A. Jack O’Neill. C. Michael Jordan. B. Maxim Marinin. D. Roger Federer.

2. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest … in the open era. A. champions C. players B. starts D. celebrities

3. Roger Federe is famous for his … . A. gaming C. wins B. records D. words

4. As a result of …, he has been named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year four times (2005-08). A. his successes in the sport C. his hobby B. his records D. his personality

5. The main aim of Roger Federer Foundation in 2003 is to … . A. help disappointed sportsmen C. to help youth to go in for sport B. to help disadvantaged people D. to help organizing different. competitions

6. He speaks German, French and English fluently, that’s why we can call him a (an) … . A. polyglot C. super star B. master of foreign languages D. excellent player

7. His best friends are …. A. Jack O’Neill and Tiger Woods C. Carlos Moya and Gavin B. Fernando Verdasco and Tiger D. Tiger Woods and Gavin Woods

VOCABULARY

7. Complete the text with the missing words. Use the table below.

THE HISTORY OF TENNIS

Everyone agrees that tennis is a very old game but its actual (0) age is unknown. Some people (1) ……… it came from ball games played in ancient (2) ……………. However, most historians believe it was started in France

29 in the twelfth century, by groups of men (3)………… a simple religious life. They played a very (4)…………game, where a ball was (5) …………….. against a wall or over a rope with the palm of the hand. During the next century, the French upper classes became interested, and they (6) ……………… the sport. (7) ……………….., in the sixteenth century, people started to (8) ……………….. rackets of varying shapes and sizes. In those (9) ……………… days of tennis, balls were made (10) …………… leather with wool or hair inside, and were hard enough to cause serious injury. The game soon spread to England and (11) ………….. in a big way. Even kings became (12) …………… players. The scoring system in tennis (15, 30,40 - Game!) is interesting but it has often (13) …………… great confusion. It probably comes from the time when the hand on a clock face was moved forward (15) …………minutes to show that a point had been (14) ………. and when the hand reached 60 the game was over. Eventually, for reasons no one understands, the 45 minutes was abbreviated

1. A. demand B. claim C. request D. confess 2. A. cultures B. backgrounds C. customs D. traditions 3. A. holding B. running C. carrying D. leading 4. A. similar B. same C. like D. alike 5. A. punched B. hit C. kicked D. popped 6. A. brought up B. set out C. took up D. put on 7. A. Following B. Later C. Soon D. Shortly 8. A. use B. wear C. exercise D. play 9. A. previous B. beforehand C. preceding D. early 10. A. by B. in C. of D. to 11. A. got out B. took off C. turned on D. came out 12. A. keen B. interested C. occupied D. busy 13. A. influenced B. made C. resulted D. caused 14. A. won B. beaten C. succeeded D. marked 15. A. at B. with C. to D. on

8. Find the odd one word in the line and explain why it is the odd one. The first line is the example.

1 The Australian Open - Davis Cup - China Open - Wimbledon 2 net - racquet - ball - boots 3 pitch - hit - catch - kick 4 semifinal - final - game - victory 5 points - glasses - score - bonus 6 complication - tournament - championship - contest - competition 7 runner up - silver winner - second place - bronze winner

SPEAKING

9. Answer the questions. 1 In what ways is tennis different from other sports? 2 Do you know much about the history of tennis?

30 10. Talk about the sports that use the ball. Use the words from the box. Example: We use the ball to play football. It is necessary to score a goal.

kick hole net throw goal club hit basket racquet

11. Look at these remarks. Which sport could they be about?

B. It was a A. The referee has blown his whistle.

super match!

C. They’ve You are loosers! scored again! D. We are the best team!

12. Let’s play a game. What are you? The teacher will give you a card with the name of an object. Imagine you are this object. Describe yourself. But you must not name the object. Your classmates must guess what you are.

LISTENING

13. You will hear an interview with Dinara Safina. Listen to the tapescript and complete the text with the missing words.

A. Well, we play like (0) four B. Well, I think because we times already this year. So we spoke after about this, you know, know each other (1) and he didn't like not exactly they ………well. We just played a wrote the things that he said. It (2) ……. ago in San Diego last was like I have to take (5) time. ………. myself, not that It's difficult to play against her, I somebody else taking decisions can say. Because she runs (3) for me. So that's why he said …….. good. You know, she, maybe she cannot play to (6) whenever you give her more ……… because when it comes to angle, she gives you more the tough moments she cannot angle back. So you have to be be strong enough herself to take really, you know, wait for the the decision what to do. Maybe right shot. And I think I, for one, that's what it was. And well, now, I change a little bit my game. I finally I'm taking my own was starting to wait for (4) decisions, and I think it's working. ……… the ball I can go for it.

31 14. Listen again and write the questions for two answers above.

15. Say if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. She will play with Camille. 2. Dinara had never played with Camille earlier. 3. Last time they played in San Diego. 4. It is not difficult to play against Camille. 5. Dinara lost her previous match. 6. Dinara took place at Gold Coast and Australian Open. 7. Dinara doesn’t always try to fight for every point. 8. Dinara’s brother thought she was not serious. 9. Dinara thinks? That she plays better now.

WRITING

16. You are a sportsman. What do you need to take part in the Olympics 2014? Think about this question. Use the following tasks as the help. a) make a list of qualities you must have to be a successful sportsman; b make up a list of things that you must do to take part in the Olympics 2014. Write a short composition. Use 80-120 words.

32 UNIT 5. FOOTBALL

WARM-UP

1. Look at the photographs opposite. Where do the activities take place? Match a word in Box A with a word in Box B to form compound nouns.

A. B. football basketball track centre running sports hall court swimming fitness pitch pool

2. Look at the words and expressions in the box and explain how they relate to the topic of football.

a man’s game club to toss a coin sponsor(ship) coach fans transfer deal to score referee a back-up career to press

Example:

Football is often considered to be a man’s game.

PRE-READING

3. You will read the text about different kinds of football. Before you read, answer these questions:

1. What kinds of football do you know? 2. What are the differences between them?

4. Try to complete these sentences.

1. In Rugby and American Football players can… 2. Soccer is played with … 3. A game lasts …. 4. Each teams tries … 5. If a player is hurt and has to leave the field…

33 READING

WHAT KIND OF FOOTBALL? In different parts of the world, people play different kinds of football. In some countries, people play Rugby football. In France and Britain, both Rugby and Soccer are played. Rugby football is played with a different ball. Players can kick the ball with their feet and use their hands to pass the ball to another player. In the USA, a lot of people play and watch American football. The players wear different clothes. As in rugby, American football players can pass the ball with their hands. But in most of the world football means soccer. The name 'soccer' comes from the official English name for the game: Association Football. One hundred years ago, some English students took the 'SOC in 'Association Football' and started calling this new game soccer. Soccer is easy to understand. There are only seventeen rules. It is played with a round ball on a soccer field or pitch. Each team has eleven men or women on the field: if a player is hurt and has to leave the field, another player - a substitute - can take his or her place. A game lasts for ninety minutes. At half time the players have a rest for fifteen minutes and when the game starts again, the teams change ends. Each team tries to score goals. The team with the most goals after ninety minutes is the winner; the other team is the loser. Teams do not usually score more than three or four goals in one match. If both teams get the same number of goals, or if neither team scores, the game is a tie. In some competitions if the game ends as a tie there is extra time, and then penalty kicks are used to find the winner.

5. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or falls (F).

1. In France only Rugby is played. 2. Rugby and Soccer are different kinds of sport. 3. The name ‘soccer’ came from the United Kingdom some years ago. 4. Soccer has many difficult rules. 5. If a player is hurt, he has to leave the field.

34 PRE-READING

6. You will read the text about a famous referee. Before you read, answer these questions: 1. What does a referee's job involve? 2. What difficulties might he/she encounter?

7. You will read an article about Pierluigi Collina, a famous referee. Before you read, look at the title of the article. What attitude do you expect him to have towards his job?

8. The following comments are made by Collina in the article. What do you think he means? Discuss with a partner, then read the article quickly to see if you were right. 1. ‘I’m quite a normal man, really.’ 2. ‘At each step I was considered one of the best...’ 3. ‘Nobody is perfect.’ 4. ‘I don't want to start the match without trusting the players.’

9 Read the article. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (А, В, С or D). 1. Collina's health disorder A. has at times affected his refereeing. B. makes players view him with respect. С. made him more popular with the public. D. affected his appearance dramatically.

2. When the writer sees Collina for the first time, he is A. disappointed by his appearance. В. impressed by his command of English. С. surprised at how ordinary he is. D. shocked by his manner.

3. Collina's university studies in Bologna A. enabled him to succeed in refereeing. В. made him want to become the best. С. took place alongside his refereeing career. D. suffered from his involvement in football.

4. Collina quotes the Fiorentina coach in order to show that A. mistakes in football must be forgiven. В. footballers should not make mistakes. С. refereeing mistakes can be quite serious. D. attitudes towards goalkeepers are unfair.

5. According to Collina, why do people say referees make more mistakes today than in the past? A. Football techniques have changed. 35 В. TV coverage is more effective. С. TV cameras cause confusion. D. Refereeing decisions are more difficult.

6. What does Collina refer to as 'simulation'? A. A form of cheating В. A style of refereeing С. A form of strategy D. A kind of injury

7. What does Collina imply about the 1990 Barcelona match? A. Manchester United didn’t really deserve to win. B. Refereeing stopped him from enjoying the game. C. He would have liked his presence to have been noticed. D. He found the end of the match very exciting.

READING

WHISTLE WHILE YOU WORK

You can argue about the best team in the world - but not about the best referee.

Pierluigi Collina tells Jon Henderson that he's much less fierce off the pitch, and explains why diving is a crime against football. About 18 years ago, Pierluigi Collina lost all his hair in the space of 15 days due to an attack of the little-understood disease alopecia. ‘I don't know what happened,’ he says. ‘I don't remember anything in particular that could have triggered the attack. All I can tell you is that I was 24.’ It is Collina's great achievement that the disorder which gave him such a distinctive look, and would have been the most memorable thing about almost any other referee, is not the reason why we all know him so well. Earlier this year he was voted best referee in the world for the fourth time in a row. As his wife, Gianna, opens the front door of the family home in Viareggio, Collina skips down the stairs. He extends a hand and greets me in English. He is clearly as diligent a foreign language student as he is a referee. The first impression is that Coflina looks much younger in the flesh than does on television. He says that a combination of his looks and the concentration involved in refereeing may make him seem older - and, occasionally, angrier - than he is. ‘But I'm quite a normal man, really.’ Collina, born and brought up in Bologna, played football until he was 17 when a school friend suggested they attend a referees course together. ‘At each step I was considered one of the best, sometimes the best,’ he says of the 14 years it took him to work his way through the ranks to become a Serie A referee. He also went to the University of Bologna, graduating with a degree in Economics. In 1991 he moved to Viareggio to work for a bank, which he still does as a financial consultant (Italian referees are not yet full-time professionals). Does he think of himself as a referee or a financial consultant? ‘It's not easy to say what 36 my real job is, but being a financial adviser is something I will be doing long after I've stopped refereeing.’ All the same there is no doubting his commitment to football and the sense of kinship he feels with his fellow referees, and this is reflected in sensitivity to questions about the standard of refereeing. He is weary of the idea that referees are the only people who make mistakes in football. ‘Nobody is perfect. In football, everyone tries to dо their best, but sometimes they can't. I remember a short speech by Giovanni Trapattoni, given while he was the coach of Fiorentina, three or four years ago. His goalkeeper had made a terrible mistake, which cost his team dearly. Trapattoni said afterwards, "If a player cannot commit an error on the field, then we might as well stop playing this game and go home now." And I think it has to be the same for the referee, too.’ He regards television as ‘an unequal instrument’ when it comes to recording refereeing mistakes. 'It's too easy to find an angle of vision different from my angle of vision that could show clearly that something happened in a different way from the way I judged. That's why it seems as though nowadays there are many more refereeing mistakes than there were 15 years ago. Back then there were only three cameras in the middle of the field covering the whole playing area. Now there are 16. Maybe at the next World Cup there will be 20.’ Later, though, he does waver over whether television may help in eliminating what he calls ‘simulation’ - what we know as ‘diving’ - a player falling deliberately to fool the referee into awarding a foul or -quite often - a penalty. Collina sees diving as a crime against fellow workers. ‘At the end of the day, all footballers are colleagues. I think gaining an unfair advantage by diving can create a lot of problems for an opponent. The result of a relegation match, for instance, could end a player's career. So I think a player should think carefully, very carefully, before diving.’ Trust in players is a recurring theme with Collina and, even if you suspect there must be some notable exceptions, it is equally possible to believe that the secret of his success is his inclination to think the best of the 22 others he shares a pitch with. ‘I don't want to start a match without trusting the players because I couldn't have a good working relationship with a man I didn't trust. It's impossible.’ And the match he most enjoyed being part of? Refereeing usually gets in the way of enjoying the football on display, ‘but there are matches with high emotion, and I think no one will ever forget the Champions League 1999 final in Barcelona (Bayern Munich 1, Manchester United 2). The way United clinched the title in the last three minutes is, to my mind, one of the greatest moments in world football.’ They say the ultimate success for a good referee is if you hardly notice his presence. You know, I'd clean forgotten Pierluigi Collina was in charge that night in Barcelona.

10. Match the highlighted words/phrases in the article with their synonyms.

tendency in person hard-working characteristic secured nevertheless

37 11. What does the writer mean by the following?

1. …Collina skips down the stairs… 2. …work his way through the ranks… 3. …I’d clean forgotten Pierluigi Collina was in charge that night… (From: Virginia Evans, Upstream, Advanced)

LISTENNING

12. Discuss: 1. What do you think a football agent does? 2. Why does a football player need an agent?

13. You will hear an interview with Rachel Anderson, who talks about being a football agent. For each of the questions, choose the best answer, A, B or C.

1. For Rachel, what was the first step on the road to her present career? A. She met a relative of a footballer. B. She read an article in a newspaper. C. A footballer offered her a job. 2. Which of these is part of Rachel’s job? A. She represents fifteen clubs. B. She writes articles for newspapers. C. She gives advice about money. 3. In her job, Rachel A. always knows how much she will earn. B. is not always paid immediately by her clients. C. works as a part of a large team. 4. Rachel’s first contact with football came through A. her family. B. her friends. C. her first job. 5. Rachel complains about a social event because A. she was prevented from attending. B. she was not invented to attend. C. she was not the member of the club. 6. Rachel says that a woman working in football must A. act like man B. be good at football C. work harder than men 7. Rachel says her family benefits from her A. professional contacts B. international experience C. knowledge of football (From: Alan Stanton, Fast Track to FCE)

VOCABULARLY

38 14. Complete each sentence with the word from the box.

handlebars racket rope glasses net whistle saddle costume club ice

1. When Brenda entered the swimming competition she bought a new costume. 2. He learned ride a horse without using a ______. 3. Gimme tried to hit the golf-ball with his _____, but missed it. 4. After the tennis match, one of the players jumped over the __. 5. My bike crashed into a tree, and I was thrown over the _____. 6. A mountain-climber’s life may depend on their ______. 7. Open-air skating can be dangerous if the ______is too thin. 8. Suddenly the referee blew his_____ and pointed to the penalty spot. 9. Skiing can be dangerous if you don’t wear dark ______. 10. I had to pay the doubles match with a borrowed ______.

15. Decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space.

Sport Someone once said that there are three kinds of people who are(1)____C____ in sport: people who (2)______part, people who watch, and people who watch (3)______television. It's very easy to make fun of stay-at- home sports (4)______, but on the other hand, television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of (5)_____ events. We can watch a racing car (6)_____ another, see a cyclist (7)______the finishing line, or enjoy the goals of our favourite football (8)______. The first time I watched a tennis (9)_____was on television, and I found it 10)______interesting. It's not always easy to (11)______long distances to football (12)______, and television is a good solution. Of course, you can (13)______used to sitting indoors all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to (14)______fit, and have other interests and (15)______.

1) A. playing B. really C. interested D. succeed 2) A. take B. have C. make D. get 3) A. on B. with C. by D. from 4) A. people B. centres C. programmes D. fans 5) A. the B. future C. sports D. athlete 6) A. cross B. overtake C. or D. from 7) A. overtake B. and C. cross D. professional 8) A. group B. class C. band D. team 9) A. match B. it C. which D. that 10) A. valuable B. imaginatively C. unexpectedly D. real 11) A. trip B. tour C. pass D. travel 12) A. areas B. grounds C. teams D. fans 13) A. or B. which C. get D. is 14) A. keep B. make C. do D. have 15) A. customs B. habits C. pastimes D. leisure (From: Michael Vince, First Certificate, Language Practice)

39 SPEAKING

16. Discuss in groups:

1. What sports are the most popular in your country? 2. What sports do you like a) to play? b) to watch as a spectator? 3. How has professional sport changed in recent years? Talk about: a) women in sport b) sponsorship c) sports personalities as role models 4. How important is the concept of ‘fair play’ in sport.

WRITING

17. You have recently taken up a new sporting activity and your friend wants to hear about it. Write a letter to him/her describing the activity and explaining what you particularly like about it. Write your letter in 120-180 words in an appropriate style.

40 UNIT 6. CHESS: sport or hobby?

WARM-UP

1. What famous names of chess players have you heard? What chess players do you know? There is a list of world famous people. Work in groups. The task of the group is to choose only chess players. The winner is the group, which do the task correctly.

1) Anatoly Karpov 8) Dick Baker 2) Viswanathan Anand 9) Andrea Nahrgang 3) Ruslan Ponomariov 10) Andrew Agassi 4) Veselin Topalov 11) Raúl 5) Robert Fisher 12) Aleksei Cherepanov 6) Roger Federrer 13) Garry Kasparov 7) Ivan Cherezov 14) Vladimir Linder

2. What sport do the other sportsmen do?

3. Where do the sportsmen come from? Match the name of the country (1-7) with the sportsman’s name A-G.

1. Anatoly Karpov A. Uzbekistan 2. Alexander Khalifman B. Russia 3. Viswanathan Anand C. India 4. Ruslan Ponomariov D. Russia 5. Rustam Kasimdzhanov E. Ukraine 6. Garry Kasparov F. America 7. Dick Baker G. Russia

PRE-READING

4. You will read an interview with the world famous chess player Viswanathan Anand. Before you read the text, study the words below: find the synonyms.

1. defend A. competition 2. tournament B. mistake 3. speculation C. destruction, ruin 4. looses D. protect 5. unsettle E. to be known beforehand 6. blunder F. reflection, thought 7. predetermine G. disorder, irritate

41 READING

5. Read the interview. Choose the right question (A-G) for answers 1-6. There is an example.

A. Where do you feel more comfortable, during a match or tournament? B. Were you ready to the draw? C. Don’t you think that the quick game is not attractive? D. What do you think about your victory? E. Was it difficult to set to the game after the previous looses? F. Is it true that the result of the match was predetermined by one move? G. What strategy helped you to win?

ONE MOVE DETERMINED THE RESULT OF THE MATCH WITH KRAMNIK

The Indian grandmaster Viswanthan Anand, who has defended his world champion’s title in the match with the Russian Vladimir Kramnik, gave an interview to Sport Express. 0 A. Where do you feel more comfortable yourself, during a match or a tournament?

”For me there is no difference between the so-called “match” and “tournament” champion,” said Anand. “I am very glad that I have won Kramnik. And he is after all a “match” player, is not he?

1. I hear the speculations on this topic for ten years but know no man who would change his opinion. People who like “knock-out” will always say that it is good. 2. There is an opinion that losses easily unsettle me. That allegedly happened in the match with Kasparov. That was just my blunder that having a spare pawn in the endgame and should not have been lost but made a mistake. While I was recovering I lost two more games. I think something similar has happened to Kramnik. 3. I was just playing what I have prepared. We do understand the danger of playing passively so sometimes I was rather aggressive.

4. Of course I was ready to the draw in the ninth game but played the way I thought was the best in that situation. I was absolutely sure in my preparation.

42 5. No one can argue that the result of the match was predetermined by one move. 6. I think that my victories play a great part in the development of chess in India. Now the interest to chess is 100 times higher than it used to be 20 years ago. Lots of young people take up chess. I hope to make grandmasters of them.

6. Complete the sentences.

1. Viswanathan Anand thinks that tournament … 2. Vladimir Kramnik is … 3. Looses are always unsettled, because … 4. The result of the match … 5. Chess in India will develop, because of …

VOCABULARY

7. Complete the text with the missing words from the table below.

woman title number chess player Chess Championship position records history

Judit Polgar - No.1 Woman Chess Player Judit Polgár is the (1) … female (2) … in the world. Polgár was the first, and so far the only (3) … to smash chess' glass ceiling by competing for the World (4) … title and entering the FIDE's Top 100 Players list, even to the top 10, with 2735 rating and the number 8 (5) … . However, not all of Polgar's (6) … are gender related. The Hungarian Princess of Chess was also the youngest International Master, claiming the (7) … at the age of 12 and at 15 the youngest Grandmaster in (8) … of chess.

8. What are these sports? Add the missing letters and find out. Example: 0. F _ _t _a _ l Football 1. _ _gg_ng 2. _ _ _ mm_ng 3. _ _ nn_s 4. s_ _ _ng 5. _ _ _n_st__s 6. _ _ _ _et_ ll 7. cr _ c_ _t 8. g_l_ 9. _ _ r_b_cs 10. _ _ll_ _b_ll

9. Read the article below and choose the correct item.

The modern (1)… of calisthenics is only 1.66 metres tall and 42 kilos. The 43 first (2)… came to Alina Kabaeva at the International Competitions of Moscow in 1996. In 1998 she (3)… in Goodwill Games in the USA and won four gold (4)… and silver. Then there were Japan, Holland, Australia and the girl was always a success. She won the European Championship and the World Cup final in 2000. She took the third place in the Olympics Games in Sydney. Alina (5)… in Tashkent, but since 1995 she has lived in Moscow and has been working with a famous (6)… Irina Vinner who (7)… a lot of famous gymnasts. Alina is keen on ballet. She likes reading and she (8)… soft toys. She took part in the Olympic Games in Athens. Now she left the sport and became the (9)… on TV. The name of her programme is ‘The secret of success.’ In her programme she meets with a lot of successful and famous people.

1. a. fate b. star c. luminary 2. a. luck b. fortune c. success 3. a. took part b. was c. played a role 4. a. awards b. medals c. prizes 5. a. was born b. appeared c. proved 6. a. trainer b. coach c. leader 7. a. upstairs b. brought up c. up to the top 8. a. gathers b. accumulates c. collects 9. a. TV presenter b. announcer c. TV reporter

SPEAKING

10. Use the information about sportsmen below and tell about them.

Dinara Safina Residence: Monte Carlo, Monaco DOB: April 27, 1986 Birthplace: Moscow, Russia Height: 5' 11 1/2" (1.82 m) Weight: 154 1/2 lbs. (70 kg) Plays: Right-handed (two-handed backhand) Status: Pro (2000)

Garry Kasparov Residence: DOB: April 13 1963 Birthplace: Baku, Azerbaijan SSR Status: Grand Master 3 times was married. Children : daughter Nika

44

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik Residence: France DOB: 25 June 1975 Birthplace: Tuapse, the Black Sea. Status from 2006 to 2007: World Chess Champion Married, daughter Dasha (2009)

LISTENING

11. Remember everything you know about doping tests, doping scandals and share the information with the rest of the class.

12. In groups speak of the possible reasons for taking drugs. Then listen to the text, compare your versions with the real reasons and find out who has the closest version.

13. You will hear a man talking about drugs in sport. For questions 1-6, choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

1. When did the history of drug use in sport begin? A. in 400 BC B. in the 20th century C. in 1967 D. in 1988

2. What happened in 1988 at the Seoul Olympics? A. there was the first recorded death from an overdose B. the first drug tests were conducted C. the Medical Commission was established D. Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medal

3. What was sport in ancient times? A. an activity in free time B. a way to earn money C. a way to become famous D. a way to take drugs

45

4. What actions were conducted by the International Olympic Committee against drug use in sport? A. Olympic games were banned B. a list of drugs was developed C. no actions were conducted D. some rewards were suggested

5. Why does drug use in sport continue? A. because of moral principles B. because of prestige C. because of material interest D. because of medical researches’ low level

6. What replace sometimes moral principles? A. sport achievements B. financial interests C. activity to fill in leisure time D. sporting performance

WRITING a Creative Story

14. You are going to write a creative story. Read the example story. Underline linking words.

A young Swedish man named Lars met a beautiful young French woman named Lise. They met in a cafe in Amsterdam during the afternoon. As soon as Lars saw Lise, he fell hopelessly in love because she was so beautiful and sophisticated. He wanted to meet her, so he introduced himself and asked her if he could speak to her. Soon, they were talking about their two countries and having a wonderful time. They decided to continue their discussion that evening so they made a date to have dinner in a wonderful restaurant. They continued to see each other every day because they had such a wonderful time together. Five months later, Lars moved to France and they married and lived happily ever after.

15. Now think about your story, then read the questions below. Quickly answer the questions and then use the information to write your short story. Use your imagination to make the story as enjoyable as possible! Which man? (nationality, age) Loved who? (nationality, age) Where did they meet? (place, when, situation) Why did the man fall in love? What did he do next? What did the two do together that day? What did they do after that day? Why did they continue to see each other? How does the story end? Do they get married, do they separate? 46 Is your story sad or happy?

Write about 120-150 words.

47 UNIT 7. OLYMPIC GAMES

WARM-UP

1. Do you know: a) Where and when were the XX Olympic Winter Games held? b) Who are the stars of the XX Olympic Winter Games? c) How many medals did Russian team win?

PRE-READING

2. Match the names of the sports (1-9) with the definitions (A-I). There is an example.

1. Alpineskiing A 4. Curling 7. Ice hockey

2. Biathlon 5. Figure skating 8. Short track speed skating 3. Bobsleigh 6. Freestyle skiing 9. Speed skating

A. to move over snow on skis B. sport with a large racing sledge for two or more people C. ski racing with shooting D. team game on ice with puck E. skiing method that has few special rules F. a game played on ice (native country is Scotland), with heavy flat round stones which players slide along the ice towards the mark G. skate racing H. dancing on ice I. skating with very high speed on short distance

3. Read the article about the XX Olympic Winter Games. Choose from sentences A-F the best ending to each section (1-6). There is one extra sentence.

A. He also congratulated the female athletes with International Women's Day B. Olympic events were mainly held in Turin, but other events (namely skiing, snow-boarding, and the track sports) were held in outlying mountain villages. C. Italy also hosted the Games of the XVII Olympiad in Rome in 1960. D. Also bobsleigh racer Andre Lange is German and won 2 gold medals. E. The Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the Russian Olympic team had confirmed its high status, and awarded the athletes with Japanese cars, while their trainers received financial rewards.

48 READING

THE XX OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES

The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were held in Turin, Italy from February 10, 2006, through February 26, 2006. 1______Torino was chosen as the host of the Olympics in 1999. The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was "Passion lives here". The Games featured 84 medal events in 15 disciplines grouped over 7 sports. Disciplines: •Alpine skiing •Biathlon •Bobsleigh •Cross country skiing •Curling •Figure skating •Freestyle skiing •Ice hockey •Nordic combined •Short track speed skating •Ski jumping •Snowboarding •Speed skating Events that made an Olympic debut in Turin included mass start biathlon, team sprint cross country skiing, snowboard cross and team pursuit speed skating. 2______Torino 2006 was an all German success, winning 29 medals and putting them at the top for medals. German biathlete Michael Greis won gold three times. 3______Among the disappointed nations there was certainly Norway. Russia shown excellent results, and 4______

4. Torino brought Russia success. There is a short text passage about Russian Olympic stars. Read it and fill with the missing names. Before reading the text guess the sport for each person.

A. Yevgeny Dementiev B. Yevgeny Pluschenko C. Tatyana Totmyanina and Maxim Marinin D. Ivan Alypov E. Svetlana Ishmuratova

RUSSIAN STARS

There are many faces of Torino 2006 who have made themselves known. Russian "tsar" of figure skating 1______was of an extremely high artistic level. The first Russian athlete to win a gold medal was Siberia's 2______in the cross-country skiing event. The next day Vasily Rochev and 3______won bronze medals in team sprint. A gold medal for 4______was to be expected in pair figure skating. 5______became a gold-winner in the 15 km biathlon rankings.

49 5. Answer the questions.

1. Who is …

- Svetlana Ishmuratova? - Ivan Alypov? - Maxim Marinin? - Andre Lange? - Tatyana Totmyanina? - Michael Greis? - Yevgeny Pluschenko?

2. Who won …

- a gold medal? - bronze medals? - three gold medals? - two gold medals?

6. Work in pairs. Do you know more names of winners or losers of the XX Olympic Winter Games?

PRE-READING

7. Work in pairs. Match at least one sport to each verb.

catch - hit - jump - kick pass - run - serve - throw

athletics - baseball - boxing - football - gymnastics - rugby volleyball - water polo

8. Can you think of one more sport for each verb?

9. Work in groups. Look at the sports in exercise 1 and discuss the questions.

1. Which two sports are the most popular in your country? 2. Which two sports is your country best at? 3. Which two are the most enjoyable to do? 4. Which two are the most interesting to watch?

10. Read the article about a world champion sportswoman and answer the questions.

1. What sport does she compete in? 2. Is she famous in her home country?

50 READING

LOUISE’S OLYMPIC DREAM Louise Crandal has been named European Champion twice and has won the Women's World Cup on two successive occasions Louise's sport is one of a small number of sports where men and women sometimes compete together. In 1998, she was awarded her 10 first international championship gold medal in Argentina, beating all the men to do so. But despite her huge success, hardly anyone has heard of her. The reason lies with her chosen sport: paragliding. If she were a swimmer or a gymnast, Louise would be a household name. However, she fell in love with paragliding and not athletics. She first discovered the sport in 1992 when she was working in Switzerland as a waitress. Three years later, she entered her first competition. Paragliding first became popular in the 1970s and it is estimated that; there are already 400,000 paragliders in Europe alone. The first world championships were held in 1979 and paragliding schools can now be found around the world. Paragliders say that they do their sport simply for the love of flying, but the World Paragliding Association is busy trying to get the sport accepted as an Olympic sport. This will immediately make paragliding even more popular It will help athletes to find sponsors and it will attract more people to the air To be accepted as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at 75 countries on at least four continents (for women's sports 45 countries 30 on three continents).The new sports that have been introduced in recent Olympic Games reflect changing fashions around the world. Snowboarding was introduced in Nagano in 1998, and the first Olympic Taekwondo competitions were held in Sydney in 2000. Air sports such as paragliding, hang-gliding and skydiving are becoming increasingly popular. Official competitions for paragliding are held in more and more countries each year, and there is reason to hope that paragliding will be added to the Olympic list before long. When that happens, Louise will finally become a household name - at least in her native Denmark. But in the meantime, what will she be doing when the Olympics are being shown on TV? The one thing she enjoys most, of course: flying.

11. Read the article again. Which topic 1-6 is not mentioned in the article? 1. Louise's sporting successes. 2. Why Louise chose paragliding? 3. Why it is important to be accepted as an Olympic sport? 4. The process for acceptance as an Olympic sport. 5. Sports which have recently become Olympic sports. 6. Louise's paragliding ambitions.

12. Complete the sentences with the words from the article.

1. Can you name two athletes who are h____ names in your country?

51 2. In which sport would you like to с_____ in the Olympic Games? 3. What was the last sporting e____ that you went to? 4. Which companies are the best-known s______of sport in your country? (From: Philip Kerr, Straightforward, Intermediate) LISTENNING

14. Listen to a psychologist talking about child sports stars and answer these questions.

1. Which two sports do they talk about? 2. Does the psychologist think the child star phenomenon is a positive one? Why or why not?

15. Listen to the interview again and put the points below in the order they are mentioned.

Child sports stars can health problems when they get older. Child sports stars do not have a normal childhood. It’s important for tennis players to be successful before they are sixteen. Sometimes, it is the parents of the sports star who get the money. Sports stars are getting younger and younger. The first child sports stars appeared in the 1970s. (From: Philip Kerr, Straightforward, Intermediate)

VOCABULARY

16. Find the words. Example: postr - sport.

1. iabhtnol 2. hgbobesli 3. ingrcul 4. ginkast 5. elfrsteye 6. yekcoh 7. mpingju

52 17. Form the new words by adding - ing. Example: swim - плавать; swimming - плавание.

Words: yacht, row, jump, skate, boat, run, read, listen, dance, sing, play, box

18. Match the words with the definitions.

1. motto a) Build 2. construct b) To win a contest, game or battle 3. defeat c) A phrase or expression that expresses a guiding thought. 4. come from d) Be a native of a place 5. come from e) To have a powerful over something or someone. 6. dominate f) The source of something 7. recover g) The quality of action. 8. success h) A place on a comparison list. 9. performance i) To get back or return to the original condition. 10. ranking j) A good ending

19. Complete the sentences. Use the words from the previous exercise.

1. Mohammed Ali ______Joe Frazier in the Thrilla in Manila. 2. The Brooklyn Bridge was ______over 100 years ago. 3. "Live and let live" is his ______. 4. Everyone had a good time- the party was a ______! 5. Tom's ______in the game was terrible! He must be very angry. 6. Her ______is school is great! Only three students did better. 7. She lost her wallet on the subway but the police ______it. 8. Several of the students ______Mexico. 9. The recipe ______her grandmother. 10. For many years, Coca-Cola ______the soft drink market.

20. Make up word collocations.

a) bronze b) mass c) disappointed d) figure e) artistic f) official g) team 1.______level 2.______motto 3.______skating 4.______sprint 5.______start 6.______nations 7.______medals

21. Make up some sentences using these word collocations.

SPEAKING

53 22. Work in groups. Discuss these questions.

1. Why do so many countries want to host the Olympic Games? 2. Has your country ever hosted the Olympic Games? 3. If yes, when? Which city was the host?

23. Work in groups. Choose a city in your country which you think could host the Olympic Games. Then make a list of five reasons why it would be an ideal location.

24. Explain which city you think it should be and why.

Useful phrases We believe… is ideally suited because of its… It would make the ideal host thanks to its… In addition, it has… What’s more, it can offer… In conclusion, we are confident…

WRITING

25. You and ten other students went on a school trip to a summer sports camp which offered a wide variety of sporting activities and instruction in each sport. It was the first time your school had been to this particular camp, and on your return your teacher asked you to compare notes on the trip. Read the original advertisement and the comments you have collected and write a report for your head teacher outlining the positive and negative features of the trip and recommending whether the school should send students there next year (about 175 words).

Rockridge Summer Sport Camp Rockridge is definitely for the adventurous. As well as all the popular indoor and outdoor team sports, we offer instruction and close supervision in • rock climbing & abseiling • white-water canoeing • hang-gliding and paragliding • orienteering • moto-cross (18yrs & above) Situated in rugged countryside, Rockridge is all you could want of the 'great outdoors'. Accommodation consists of ranch-like bungalows (sleeping 6) and our refectory provides three full meals a day (and we have frequent barbecues and camp fire nights). For those who want to cater for themselves there is a fully-stocked mini-market. At Rockridge we firmly believe in sports as promoting cooperation and teamwork and self-discovery - not to mention meeting like-minded new friends. If you want fun, excitement and adventure, Rockridge is the place for you.

54 Sports (outdoor) OK for football, rugby and hockey (no cricket) & athletics, (indoor) gym an old hall with poor amenities - could just about play a game of basketball. No instructors for hang- or paragliding & orienteering instructor got lost - otherwise very good. Accommodation Not bad. Comfy beds, log fire, one bungalow leaky roof, a bit cold at night. Food Simple but good & lots of it - only two barbecue nights. Limited choice at market but adequate for roughing it. General Middle of nowhere - little to do evenings/ weekends for a change. One communal TV (so long arguments about what to watch) - have to take own entertainment. Agree had a good time but disappointed by above problems.

55 UNIT 8. EXTREME SPORT

WARM-UP

1. The pictures above all show extreme or dangerous sports.

1. Compare and contrast two of the sports and say which of them you think is more enjoyable. 2. Compare and contrast the remaining two sports and say which sport you think is more difficult.

2. Read the magazine article about extreme sports below quite quickly and match each paragraph to the picture. Have you changed your ideas about each sport?

PRE-READING

3. You are going to read the article again. For questions 1-12, choose from the sports (A-D). Each sport may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A. Street luge C. Base-jumping B. Ice-climbing D. Zorbing

Of which of the sports A-D are the following true? You do not need to have any special abilities. 0 D The equipment and clothes are specially made for the participant. 1.

56 You need to co-operate with a group of people. 2. It was started by the inventors of another extreme sport. 3. You can hurt yourself while trying to stop. 4. It demands previous experience in another sport. 5. You need to be both strong and psychologically prepared. 6. It offers reasonably good protection from injury. 7. It could get you into trouble with the police. 8. It has caused deaths. 9. 10. You can make your own protection for your feet. 11. You need to be able to react quickly. 12.

READING

THE THRILL OF IT ALL As our lives become safer, danger is being marketed as more and more desirable. Here is an armchair guide to some of the sports which can make skydiving seem about as 'extreme' as dominoes. Street luge Ice luge is an adolescent but established Olympic sport, but street luge, the pavement version is its undisciplined younger brother. Both involve lying flat on your back and steering a luge not much bigger than a skateboard, with your head just inches off the ground. Street luge started off in southern California, where groups of riders first began flying down steep, winding roads for thrills. A complete lack of fear is an essential requirement for this sport, as well as a thick piece of rubber, preferably from car tyres, for your footwear. Top lugers can reach speeds of 145 kilometres per hour, yet their only way of braking is to use their feet, often causing painful injuries. But it is not only the element of risk which prevents many people from taking up this sport. Not everyone can afford to pay $1500 for a skin- tight, tailor-made leather race suit and the luge, which is also built to fit the athlete, is equally expensive. Ice-climbing As the name suggests, practitioners of this activity clamber up glaciers with the aid of an ice axe and a great deal of other specialist equipment. It was inspired by American climber Yvonne Chouinard who, in the 1970s, introduced ice picks and crampons (metal spikes which are attached to the bottom of the climbers boots) to the UK. As well as all the equipment, incredible physical and mental toughness are essential, together with an ability to work closely with other team members in the most dangerous circumstances. Extreme ascents are as famous for the climbers who died trying to conquer them as for those who made it to the top. Zorbing Brought to us by the same people who gave us bungee-jumping, zorbing is the latest adventure experience from New Zealand. It involves rolling around in a three-metre ball, or zorb, made out of PVC. It requires no more skill than a hamster running in its wheel, because centrifugal force will keep you pinned inside the zorb. Although zorbonauts have hurtled downhill at speeds of 50 kilometres per hour, the air cushioning inside means you don't risk hurting yourself too seriously. Having said this, co-inventor Andrew Akers broke his collar 57 bone the first time he tried it. Base-jumping This sport began way back in 1978, when parachutists started jumping off EI Capitan, a 100-metre-high cliff in Yosemite National Park, California. BASE is an acronym for Buildings, Antenna, Span, Earth and participants have to freefall from an object in each case. Being able to make split-second decisions is essential as these objects are not very high off the ground and you need to open your parachute at just the right moment. Before even contemplating your first jump you should have done at least 100 skydives. You are at the mercy of gusts of wind during the descent and must know exactly how to steer yourself away from danger. Illegal in some countries, this sport has claimed the lives of 20 jumpers since it was invented and many more have been severely injured.

4. Answer the questions:

1. Which of these extreme sports would you most and least like to do? Give reasons for your answers. 2. Have you ever tried any unusual sports?

PRE-READING

5. Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the statement below. Give examples to support your opinion.

You can't experience real excitement without taking risks.

6. The article opposite is about people who take risks. Read the text quickly and find the names of the two people in the photos.

7. Find these adjectives in the text and explain their meanings in the context in your own words. a. countless b. tiny c. inhospitable d. furious e. even f. major g. single-minded h. addictive

8. Read the text again carefully and for questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

1. According to the text, most people would prefer to have A. a comfortable life without risk. B. occasional chances to test their endurance. C. some experience of danger. D. fewer unpleasant tasks in their lives. 58 2. Kanchana Ketkeaw did not suffer serious injury from the scorpions because A. they did not sting her. B. scorpion stings are not very dangerous. C. she did not allow the scorpions to touch her body. D. her body has become used to the poison.

3. The writer of the text believes that Kanchana Ketkeaw A. is a bit mad. B. was asked to perform her feat by her country. C. did not perform her feat only for her country. D. does not know why she performed her feat. 4. When did Lynne Cox first discover that she enjoyed swimming in difficult conditions? A. in her forties B. when she was nine C. between the ages of nine and fourteen D. at the age of fourteen 5. Why is Lynne Cox particularly well suited to what she does? A. Her style of swimming is similar to a seal's. B. She likes swimming in outdoor pools. C. She's rather fat. D. Unusually, the fat below her skin has a regular thickness. 6. In both of the expeditions mentioned, Sir Ranulph Fiennes A. suffered physical injury. B. endured very severe weather conditions. C. discovered ancient ruins. D. spent several years away from home. 7. Sir Ranulph Fiennes uses the memory of his father A. to give him strength at difficult moments. B. to remind him of the limits of human endurance. C. to remind him that death is always a risk. D. to help him make difficult decisions. 8. Adventurers find that they cannot stop taking risks because A. they have become famous for risk-taking. B. their lives are less stable than other people's. C. they love the feeling it produces. D. they believe they can achieve the impossible.

READING

AGAINST ALL ODDS

59

Why do some people feel compelled to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders this question. Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama - a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live in a comfortable world of central heating, gadgets and package holidays. We lead increasingly risk-free lives, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way. However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, should you wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, |uncomfortable or just plain dangerous. Thirty-year-old performance artist, Kanchana Ketkeaw, £who spent 32 days and nights in a scorpion-filled room, said that she completed her amazing feat of endurance for her country, Thailand. The new world record holder, shared a tiny room for over a month with 3,400 deadly little friends, and was stung at least nine times! Fortunately she has worked with scorpions for several years now and has developed some natural protection against their poison. Anyone else would be dead. To endure all that for her country, which certainly didn't request it of her, must seem a bit mad to most people! There must be another reason. American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most inhospitable oceans wearing only a swimsuit - for fun! According to Lynne, now in her forties, there is always something driving her on. She just has to do it. As a nine-year-old child she was rather fat, and she used to swim in an outdoor pool with the local youth club. One day a furious storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something made her carry on. Then she realised that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At the age of 14 she broke her first endurance record, one of many more to come. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems. The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (and has lost several fingers) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle, which took three years! He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent. Sir Ranulph's father was Commander of a regiment in the British Army, and died just before his son was born. Fiennes has said, 'If I am getting weak, I find a very powerful way of squashing it is to know that my 60 father would have definitely done it.' Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us. There is probably no such thing as a 'normal' adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single- minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the sheer 'fun' of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison. The famous sailor, Sir Robin Knox-Johnston says: 'Humans have been taking risks since we evolved. If something is difficult, almost impossible to achieve, then it is worth doing.' Well, obviously. Could someone please pass me the TV remote control?

9. Which of the three people in the article do you admire, if any? Why?

10. Quiz Answer the questions given in the following quiz. The results of the quiz will help you to figure out whether “extreme sports” can be your hobby or one of the ways of spending your leisure time. Pop quiz Are you the sort of person who loves adventure? 1. Which activity would you prefer? a. Gliding b. Horse-riding c. Stamp-collecting 2. You are lost in a strange town. What would you do? a. I'd panic. If I had enough money, I'd take a taxi. b. I'd ask a passer-by for directions. c. If I wasn't in a hurry, I'd explore. 3. You've been to a disco. It's past midnight and you have missed the last bus home. What would you do? a. I'd start walking home. b. I'd hitch a lift from a passing car. c. I'd phone home and ask to be collected. 4. You are invited to dinner by some Australian friends. They want you to try a special dish: kangaroo steaks. What would you say? a. I'd say 'Fantastic! I wouldn't miss it!' b. I would make an excuse so that I didn't have to go. c. I would accept the invitation, a bit hesitantly. 5. If your best friend dyed his/her hair blue, what would you think? a. I would think about changing my own hairstyle to something a little bit more original. b. I'd think that they were mad. c. It would depend whether or not the colour suited them. 6. You win first prize in a competition: a trip to East Africa. What would be the main attraction for you? a. I'd enjoy staying in a luxury hotel and relaxing b. I'd enjoy improving my sun-tan at the beach and joining a couple of sight-seeing tours. c. The main attraction would be discovering a new country: 61 the people, the scenery, the wildlife.

Add up your points How to score the quiz: 1. a = 3; b = 2; c = 1 4. a = 3; b = 1; c = 2 2. a = 1; b = 2; c = 3 5. a = 3; b = 2; c = 3 3. a = 2; b = 3; c = 1 6. a = 1; b = 2; c = 3

If you scored between 6 and 10 points: You are not an adventurer. You don't like to take risks. 'You are the sort of person who feels most comfortable with the people and places you know. Our advice: Have more confidence in yourself and in other people. Try something new you might enjoy it! If you scored between 11 and 14 points: You are the sort of person who is not afraid of adventure. But you have enough common sense not to take unnecessary risks. Our advice: You seem to be a well-balanced person. Enjoy yourself! If you scored between 15 and 18 points: You have a very adventurous spirit. You are the sort of person who loves to try anything new. You are happy to take risks. Our advice: Be sensible. Don't let your enthusiasm for adventure blind you to the danger of a situation.

LISTENNING

11. Answer these questions.

1. How popular is snowboarding in your country? Have you ever done it? 2. What are the potential dangers of snowboarding? 3. What are sponsors? How do you think they might help snowboarders?

12. You will hear an interview about snowboarding. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer А, В or С.

1. How long has Liz been snowboarding? A. one year В. five years С. every year since she was a child 2. According to Liz, if you want to be a snowboarder A. you have to be naturally sporty. В. you need to be born with good co-ordination and balance. С. you don't need long to acquire the skills. 3. What injuries has Liz suffered? A. She broke her back. В. She broke an arm. С. She fell badly on her back. 4. What does Liz say about the ratio of male to female snowboarders? A. There are nearly the same number of girls as boys. 62 В. You almost never see girls who snowboard. С. There are a lot more girls than boys. 5. What does Liz say about money? A. Girls don't get paid as much as boys. В. Her sponsors don't give her any money. С. She doesn't have to pay for her equipment. 6. What does she recommend to girls who want to snowboard? A. They should have lessons on an artificial slope В. They should buy lots of warm clothing. С. They should go to a place where it snows. 7. Why does Liz do modelling work? A. She earns money to finance her snowboarding В. It will improve her job prospects. С. She has always wanted to be a model.

VOCABULARY

13. Read the following text about the sport of free-diving. Use the word given in capitals in the box to form a word that fits the space in the line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0) instruct, 1) possible, 2) compete, 3) appear, 4) dive, 5) common, 6) water, 7) courage, 8) likely, 9) judge, 10) direct Former swimming (0) instructor Tanya Streeter, 26, has achieved what many thought was (1) ______and dived to 370 feet below the sea on a single lungful of air. (2) ______in free-diving take a deep breath before (3) ______into the depths of the ocean. Rigorous training has helped Tanya to go deeper than male (4) ______and break one of the most difficult diving records. Free-diving is a dangerous sport. Deaths are frequent and it is not (5) ______to pass out or have a nose bleed on the descent. Tanya, who can hold her breath for five minutes (6) ______, says that many men tried to (7) ______her from attempting to break the record. “They all said it was (8) ______that a woman could reach such depths without breathing equipment. They (9) ______my abilities and I proved them wrong.” In 1988 the French film (10) ______Luc Besson made a film about free-diving, Le Grand Bleu, which became the biggest box-office hit in France of all time.

14. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick, if a line is incorrect, write the wrong word. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00).

0 I have admired Tiger Woods since I was started playing golf was years ago. He has changed golf from a sport for the few to √ a sport for everyone, and has proved that every one of us can 1 be successful in the life. Tiger’s father is an Afro-American who 2

63 served in the army for a number of some years, and his mother 3 she is from Thailand. When he was two, Tiger appeared on TV 4 hitting any golf balls, and at three he was already playing 5 a very good golf. At 21, he was the youngest-ever world 6 champion. One thing I like about which Tiger is that he always 7 seems calm and has a great deal of much confidence. He is 8 polite to his opponents, and he speaks and dress well. Like many 9 famous people, he rarely carries many cash. When he stays in 10 hotels, he makes his bed and irons shirts that have already been 11 pressed. Although a megastar, he is a private man who enjoys to 12 watching lots movies, going fishing or scuba diving and playing 13 video games. When he was young, he had speech problems and now 14 he cannot speak not any foreign languages, although he reads Spanish. 15

15. In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. For each numbered line 1-16, find the unnecessary word. Some lines are correct. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).

JOGGING 0_too__At one time, I used to think that jogging was simply too 00_√_impossible. I can remember a time when just a two-minute 1.___dash to catch a bus would leave me with red in the face and 2.___barely be able to breathe. The turning point for me came when 3.___ a very persuasive friend talked me into the accompanying her 4.___on a four-kilometre run round the local park. I managed just 5.___five minutes before which my legs decided they'd had enough. 6.___I think it was that image of my friend as rapidly disappearing 7.___into the distance that it stuck in my mind, and led me to 8.___take up seriously a sport which has genuinely and benefited 9.___my health, state of mind and fitness. My love of jogging is now 10.___about three years of old and is prone to the natural peaks and 11.___troughs that affect by most enthusiasms. Recently, I've been 12.___going jogging just once a week. But I've reached the point where, 13.___however many long I leave between runs, I can still go out for 14.___twenty minutes, and feel any better for it. I guess there is 15.___a risk of gradually losing out my fitness, but having overcome 16.___the problem before, I know it will never be so difficult again.

16. In 1-6 below, one of the four words is not normally used. Underline the word.

1. undercook undercharge underestimate undersleep 2. overgrown overweight overlittle overcrowded 3. overeat oversing oversleep overwork 4. misbehave misunderstood misspell missucceed 64 5. dislove dishonesty disappearance disbedience 6. manageress doctoress actress waitress

17. For sentences 1-4, complete each of the spaces with the correct form of one of the words from exercise 16.

1. These jeans should have cost £30, but the assistant made a mistake and______me. I only paid £20 for them. 2. The house has been abandoned for years. That's why the garden is looking so ______. 3. I'm sorry I'm late. My alarm didn't go off, so I . 4. You've ______my surname. There are two 't's in Hutton, not one.

SPEAKING

18. Compare and contrast the two activities shown in the pictures. Think about the equipment/qualities required and the risks involved. Which would you prefer to do? Why? WRITING

19. You have seen this advertisement in a magazine and you want to organise a weekend for you and six friends. One of your friends is only 17. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Adrenalin Adventure asking for more details.

Activities: choose two from: kayaking, hill-walking, surfing, wind-surfing, mountain-biking, climbing, horse-riding experienced climbers only £20 supplement applies Accommodation: our three wooden lodges sleep 12 people

65 each (single rooms?) Cost: £199 per person (includes meals and hire of equipment?) Dates: weekends in July and August (places available on 12-13 August?) We welcome individuals and groups (adults only). (lower age limit?)

Put a-f into the paragraph plan below, with the two most important queries before the less important ones. a. ask about dates b. ask about accommodation с. say where you saw the advertisement d. ask about age limits e. say who you are and why you are writing f. ask about cost

Paragraph 1 ______Paragraph 2 ______Paragraph 3 ______

66 TEXTS AND EXERCISES FOR SELF-CONTROL

READING

1. Read the article of Richard Powers about dancing. Match the titles (A- D) to the paragraphs (1-6). There is one extra letter. The first is given as an example. (0) A

A Dementia medicine. B What kind of dancing? C Dance often D Social Dancing E Why dancing? F Who benefits more, women or men?

Use It or Lose It: Dancing Makes You Smarter

1. Dementia medicine. For hundreds of years dance manuals and other writings have lauded the health benefits of dancing, usually as physical exercise. More recently we've seen research on further health benefits of dancing, such as stress reduction and increased serotonin level, with its sense of well-being. Then most recently we've heard of another benefit: Frequent dancing apparently makes us smarter. A major study added to the growing evidence that stimulating one's mind can ward off Alzheimer's disease and other dementia, much as physical exercise can keep the body fit. One of the surprises of the study was that almost none of the physical activities appeared to offer any protection against dementia, but dancing frequently - 76% reduced risk of dementia 2. …………………….. We immediately ask two questions: Why is dancing better than other activities for improving mental capabilities? Does this mean all kinds of dancing, or is one kind of dancing better than another? That's where this particular study falls short. It doesn't answer these questions as a stand-alone study. It's one of many studies, over decades, which have shown that we increase our mental capacity by exercising our cognitive processes. Intelligence: Use it or lose it. And it's the other studies which fill in the gaps in this one. Looking at all of these studies together lets us understand the bigger picture. One way to do that is to learn something new. Not just dancing, but anything new. Don't worry about the probability that you'll never use it in the future. Take a class to challenge your mind. Dancing integrates several brain functions at once, increasing connectivity. Dancing simultaneously involves kinesthetic, rational, musical and emotional processes. 67 3………………………. Take the kinds of dance classes where you must make as many split- second decisions as possible. That's key to maintaining true intelligence. Does any kind of dancing lead to increased mental acuity? No, not all forms of dancing will produce this benefit. Not dancing which, like golf or swimming, mostly works on style or retracing the same memorized paths. The key is the decision-making. Remember, Jean Piaget suggested that intelligence is what we use when we don't already know what to do. 4……………………… In social dancing, the follow role automatically gains a benefit, by making hundreds of split-second decisions as to what to do next. Women don't "follow", they interpret the signals their partners are giving them, and this requires intelligence and decision-making, which is active, not passive. With different dance partners, you have to adjust much more and be aware of more variables. This is great for staying smarter longer. But men, you can also match her degree of decision-making if you choose to do so. 1) Really notice your partner and what works best for her. Notice what is comfortable for her, where she is already going, which moves are successful with her and what aren't, and constantly adapt your dancing to these observations. That's rapid-fire split-second decision making. 2) Don't lead the same old patterns the same way each time. Challenge yourself to try new things. Make more decisions more often. Intelligence: use it or lose it. 5………………………. Finally, remember that this study made another suggestion: do it often. Recall that seniors who did crossword puzzles four days a week had a measurably lower risk of dementia than those who did the puzzles once a week. If you can't take classes or go out dancing four times a week, then dance as much as you can. More is better. And do it now, the sooner the better. It's essential to start building your cognitive reserve now. Don't wait - start now.

2. Say if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Dancing benefits for health were revealed not so long ago. 2. Exercises are much more important for our body. 3. Dancing has got the more essential influence on our mental state. 4. You should quickly change your decisions if you want to avoid dementia. 5. Women get more benefits from dancing than men. 6. The more you dance, the more you smart.

3. Read the text an answer the question below.

Majority Of Americans Never Use Physical Education After High School Kevin Higgins has found no real-world application for "jogging." Kevin Higgins always hated gym class. Like many of his classmates, he questioned the relevance of things like "exercise" and "physical fitness," and

68 wondered if these skills would ever provide any practical, real-world benefits. Though he endured more than 720 hours of gym over 12 years, the 32-year- old accounting clerk said Monday that he has still never used physical education once in his life. "I don't know why they bothered teaching us all that stuff," said Higgins, who since graduating has not once encountered a situation that required him to move his body at a sustained pace or keep himself in healthy shape. "I mean, come on - when will I ever need to physically exert myself for an extended period of time?" Higgins is not alone. According to a recent poll, nearly 85 percent of all Americans admitted that, since entering the real world, they have found very few reasons to utilize the concepts they learned in physical education. In fact, most high school graduates claim that despite their gym teachers' insistence that this knowledge would come in handy later in life, they have still never used bending, breaking a sweat, or coordination. "I remember my gym teacher droning on and on about this thing called 'physical well-being,'" Higgins said. "I still don't even know what that means." Many educators and high-ranking health officials maintain that it is essential for young adults to learn such valuable skills as participating in activities and interacting with peers, increasing the intake of oxygen and nutrients to the blood, going out of doors, and moving. However, thousands of Americans have nonetheless gone on to lead very successful lives without ever bringing their heart rate over 120 beats per minute. Erica Burnstrom, a 28-year-old aeronautics engineer living in San Jose, CA, said that abstract concepts such as aerobic activity and raising one's knees above the hips in a rapid "pumping" motion have not added any appreciable value to her day-to-day life. Many Americans claimed that once they finished high school, skills such as increasing joint mobility and building muscle strength were no longer necessary. "If something needs to get from one place to another, I can just use my cell phone, or hop in the car. And I know they say that physical education promotes balance, but that's what my cane is for," said Miami, FL resident Keith Monahan, 32. "The only thing I still use from gym class is that occasionally I'll throw on some sweatpants while I'm sitting on the couch watching television. So I guess I learned that." Omaha insurance salesman William Haylor, 43, said that when his 8- year-old son asked him how to do a chin-up, he realized that he had simply forgotten. "I know I used to be able to do that, but for the life of me I can't remember," Haylor said. "They're really hard to do. I think that's why I stopped." "I wish I could help him out," Haylor added. "But what's the point? He's never going to use it anyway." In response to these findings, many Americans have urged the government to stop wasting millions of dollars on useless physical education programs and start focusing on real problems, such as obesity, arthritis, and chronic back pain.

69 1. Why does Kevin Higgins suppose exercises as stuff? 2. What are the main reasons why people avoid physical exercises? 3. What does “physical well-being” mean? 4. Why do Americans complain about wasting time at PE lessons at school or college? 5. Do you consider Russians think in the same way as Americans, or not? 6. Do you agree with people who think doing exercises is a waste of time? 7. Is it necessary to change the system of PE at Russian schools? 8. Why don’t Russian schoolchildren like visiting PE lessons? 9. What problems can people have if they don’t train their bodies? 10. Do the Russian Federation and the United States of America have the same problems concerning physical education? 11. Is it prestigious to do sports in our country?

4. You will read an interview of Scottish football couch Alex Ferguson. Choose from the sentences (A-E) the best ending to each section (1-5).

A "We are as bemused as anyone can be, we can't quite understand why he would want to leave," said the Scot." B "I was in the office on 14 August and David phoned me to say he [Rooney] wasn't signing a contract," confirmed Ferguson. C However, last Tuesday, after England's 0-0 draw against Montenegro in a Euro 2010 qualifier at Wembley, Rooney contradicted the Scot's statement and insisted he was fit and had not had an ankle problem. D Rooney's future has been the subject of intense speculation over the last few days following reports that he was not prepared to sign a new contract. E However, Ferguson added: "I feel that we still have to keep the door open for him, especially as he's such a good player."

70 Ferguson confirms Rooney rumours in dramatic media conference

Sir Alex Ferguson has revealed Wayne Rooney wants to quit Manchester United. The Old Trafford boss admitted he was "shocked" and "disappointed" to hear the news but said he had not fallen out with the 24-year-old England striker. 1. ______Ferguson said the "door is still open" for Rooney, who will miss Wednesday's Champions League game with Bursaspor after being carried off in training. The forward suffered minor ankle damage at the end of the session and will sit out the European tie at Old Trafford. 2.______His current deal is due to finish at the end of the 2011/12 campaign. If he does leave then Everton would be in line to scoop a small fortune. The Toffees have a sell-on clause in Rooney's contract which states that they would get 25% of any excess sum over the 27m United eventually paid for the striker. In an interview with MUTV filmed before he spoke to the media, Ferguson said United chief executive David Gill had told him about Rooney's decision not to sign a new contract back in the summer. 3. ______"I was dumbfounded. Only months before he was saying he was at the greatest club in the world." Rooney's decision has clearly had a big impact on Ferguson, who signed the player from Everton in August 2004. United paid the Toffees an initial 25.6m for the 18-year-old, a world record fee for a player aged under 20. "We've done nothing but help him since he's been at this club," said Ferguson, who has not given up hope of Rooney remaining at Old Trafford." 4. ______Rooney has been a key figure for United, helping them to win the Premier League in 2007, 2008 and 2009 as well as the coveted Champions League in 2008. He enjoyed a stellar 2009-10 season, scoring 34 goals for his club, although he did not find the net after injuring his ankle in a Champions League game against Bayern

Munich in March. Rooney injured his ankle in 5. ______training on Tuesday

71 5. Using the words from the bold, make up word collocations.

following signing a contract deal damage a world record a key dramatic media to hear executive to have a big

1……………………….. conference 6 ……………………………. impact 2 chief ……………………………… 7 ……………………………….. deal 3……………………………the news 8 ………………………… a contract 4 ………………………………….fee 9 ……………………………..reports 5 …………………………………….. 10 ……………………………..figure

VOCABULARY

6. Read an advertisement about the ability to watch football on-line. Complete the ad with the missing words. The first word is given.

watch directly action service streams miss buying world top

Live Football Do you love to 0watch football and wish you could see more of the 1.______? Well, we offer live streaming of all the 2.______football matches right to your PC, 24 hours a day, without the need of 3.______Sky or Cable – no hardware needed! We enable you to watch live sports 4.______online, as well as movies, music and more, directly via your computer! Sign up today for a TRIAL MEMBERSHIP and you could be five minutes away from watching live football streaming 5.______on your PC. Never 6.______a game again: with our 7.______you can watch live football anywhere in the 8.______! For a 9.______of forthcoming 10.______shown live on Watch-Football.tv please click here! SIGN UP TODAY FOR A TRIAL MEMBERSHIP! INSTANT ACTIVATION!

72

7. Do the crossword.

1 2 3 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 12

13 14

15

16

17

Across 15. A pass that is not 8. The player who caught. usually passes the ball. 3. Bring someone who is carrying the ball to the 17. The player who most 9. A player that usually ground. often runs with the ball. catches passes. 6. Place where touchdowns Down 10. 6 points for running are scored. or passing the ball into 1. How a football game the end zone. 7. Drop the ball. begins. 12. 3 points for kicking 11. The person who calls 2. Something that protects the ball through the penalties. a player's head. posts. 13. Throw the ball from one 4. The player who usually 14. Tackle the player to another. kicks the ball. quarterback. 5. When the defense

catches a pass. 16. Kick the ball

73 8. Read the news from the Official Website of the Paralympic Movement. Complete the sentences with the missing words from the box below. There is one example.

0 countries 1. title 5. mark 9. outstanding 2. silver 6. winning 10. pressure 3. performances 7. events 11. individuals 4. turf 8. teams 12. Championship

FEI Announces First Three Nations Qualified for London 2012 Paralympics

The International Equestrian Federation (FEI) has announced the three 0 countries that have qualified for the London 2012 Paralympic Games following their medal 1. ______2. ______at the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games in Kentucky.

The three 3. ______that have earned their tickets to London are Great Britain, Germany and Denmark. A total of 11 team slots are available for the London 2012 Paralympic Dressage 4. ______, with three nations qualifying from the 2010 Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games.

The British riders were in stunning form in the Para Dressage World Championships winning the team 5.______, taking a clean sweep of the medals in the Grade 1a Individual and gold and 6. ______in Grade 1b Individual events.

Britain's Para Dressage record is 7. ______- they have never been beaten in the battle for the World title since taking team gold on their home 8. ______in 1991.

Germany took team silver in the Para Dressage and 16 year old Stinna Tange Kaastrup helped clinch team bronze for Denmark. Kaastrup was under huge 9. ______going into the ring to do her Grade 1b test, but her 10. ______of 70.174 with her 14 year old bay gelding Labbenhus Snoevs secured the bronze medal for Denmark.

The British team dominated the Para Dressage 11. ______at the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games in Kentucky by winning six 12. ______Gold medals besides the team title.

9. What is sport equipment? Match the description of sport equipment with its name. Say in what sport and what for each item of equipment is used and guess kind of sport, where these kinds of equipment are used. Make up sentences.

74 There is one example: 0 A a Flying discs are disc-shaped gliders which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8-10 inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross-section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotating Flying discs are used for games such as disc golf and ultimate.

0 Flying discs A … are disc-shaped gliders which are a disc golf generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 ultimate centimeters (8-10 inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross- section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotating 1. A racquet B … the modern hard plastic version of which b association (or racket) was created by Paul Brown. It consists of a football, rugby, hard plastic top with thick padding on the baseball, ice inside, a facemask made of one or more hockey plastic bars, and a chinstrap. Some players add polycarbonate visors, which are used to protect eyes from glare and impacts. 2. A net C … consists of garments worn on the feet, for c weight fashion, protection against the environment, training, and adornment. weightlifting and power lifting. 3. A football D … are metal loops with spring-loaded gates d American helmet (openings), used as connectors. Once made football and primarily from steel, almost now are made from Canadian a light weight aluminum alloy. Steel … are football harder wearing, but much heavier and often used by instructors when working with groups. 4. A shin E … is a sports implement consisting of a e tennis, guard, shin handled frame with an open hoop across volleyball pad or sport which a network of cord is stretched tightly. It is badminton greave used for striking a ball. fishing 5. Footwear F is a piece of exercise equipment. f climbing 6. A barbell G … in its primary meaning comprises fibers g squash, woven in a grid-like structure. It blocks the tennis, passage of large items, while letting small racquetball, items and fluids pass. It requires less material and than something sheet-like, and allows seeing badminton. through. 7. Carabiners H … protect against a large range of very h almost all serious leg injuries. Modern day they are made kind of of many differing synthetic materials, including: equipment

75 10. Find the Olympic events in the grid below.

archery gymnastics soccer badminton hammer throw softball baseball high jump swimming basketball hurdles synchronized beach volleyball javelin swimming boxing judo table tennis canoe kayaking tae kwon-do cycling long jump tennis decathlon marathon triathlon discus pole vault triple jump diving relay race volleyball equestrian rowing water polo fencing sailing weightlifting field hockey shooting wrestling

76 11. Fill in the blanks with words from the box below.

compete four parade silver determined train represent podium fastest bronze national anthems gold opening judges honor speed bobsled events alpine luge cross country ice hockey snowboarding figure

The Winter Games: Every ______years, athletes from around the world gather to ______in the Winter Games of the Olympics. The athletes, who ______extremely hard, are chosen to ______their countries. The games begin with the ______ceremony, where the athletes ______in front of an audience.

The Events: The Winter Games is comprised of many different ______. There are sledding events such as the ______and the ______. There are skiing events such as ______and ______. There are also team sports such as ______. Every Olympics some new events are added such as ______, which was added in the 1998 Nagano Olympic Games.

Winning: The dream of every athlete is to make it to the ______, which is where the medals are handed out. The first place winners receive the ______medal and have the ______of hearing their countries’ ______played. The second place winners receive the ______medal and the third place winners receive the ______medal. Often, the winners are ______by who has the ______time. Events such as the ______skating are decided this way. Other events such as ______skating are determined by a panel of ______, who give marks according to artistic and technical ability.

77 Phrasal Verbs

12. Match phrasal verbs with their definitions.

0 break something down A divide into smaller parts 1 break up B move back in a position/group 2 come across something C start, proceed

3 cross something out D end a relationship 4 drop back E fall to the ground 5 fall apart F stop trying 6 fall down G remove something (usually clothing)

7 give up H find unexpectedly

8 go ahead I exercise

9 take something off J break into pieces

10 work out K draw a line through

13. Complete sentences with missing prepositions from the box below. The first verb is given.

back down across up out ahead up apart off out

0 Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts. 1. My boyfriend and I broke … before I moved to America. 2. I came … these old photos when I was tidying the stockroom. 3. Please cross … your old address and write your new one. 4. Andrea dropped …to third place when she fell off her bike. 5. My new dress fell … in the washing machine. 6. The picture that you hung up last night fell … this morning. 7. My maths homework was too difficult so I gave …. 8. Please go …and eat before the food gets cold. 9. Take … your socks and shoes and come in the lake! 10. I work … at the gym three times a week.

14. Match phrasal verbs with their definitions.

1. step forward A. K to appear 2. succeed in something B.1. to make a step forward; 2. to move forward as a volunteer 3. turn around (the corner) C. to turn and go back 4. turn back D. to train at the gym 5. turn up E. to go past something or someone 6. work out F. to succeed in something

78 7. pass by G. if you … something …, you give it to another person after receiving it yourself 8. pass on H. If you … of something you're participating in, like a competition or a deal, you stop participating. 9. pull out I. to go around (the corner) 10. hurry up J. be quick, act speedily

15. Complete sentences with missing phrasal verbs from the box below. There is one example:

stepped forward x2 turned back pull out turn up pass by works out turned around succeed in pass on

0 Hurry up! We'll miss the bus. 1. He ………and waved his hand. 2. He ………the corner and went down the street to the bank. 3. Three people ………to offer their help. 4. I ………because I left my wallet. 5.He often ………in the swimming - pool. 6. Everyone wants to ………life. 7. After taking the ball, … it … to the next person 8. Don't worry, some opportunity will ………sooner or later. 9. I ………the post office on my way to work, so I can drop in and post your parcel if you like. 10. Phil was leading the tournament, but he had to ………after injuring his knee.

79 Word list A H Achieve - достигать, добиваться Head - голова Assign - назначать, определять на Hand - рука должность I Attract - привлекать Ice hockey - хоккей на льду Aerial - воздушный, парящий Improve - улучшать, исправлять Chin - подтягиваться на руках J Arm - рука Judo - дзюдо Alpineskiing - горные лыжи K Athletics - занятия спортом, Kick - удар ногой, пинок атлетика Karate - do карате-до Arrange - приводить в порядок, Knee - колено классифицировать L Awards - присуждение, стипендия, Lean - поджарый, тощий награда Lacrosse - лакросс B M Baseball cap - бейсбольная кепка Mountaineering - совершать восхождение Breathtaking - поразительный, на горы захватывающий N Bend - высотная болезнь Nod - кивнуть головой, задремать Boxing - бокс Neck - шея Basketball - баскетбол O Biathlon - биатлон Outdoors - на открытом воздухе C P Canoeing - гребля, гонки на каноэ Play - участвовать в игре Click - иметь успех Perform - играть, делать трюки Course - курс Performance - выступление, Court - площадка для игр, корт представление Coach - тренер, инструктор Parachuting - парашютный спорт Clap - хлопать, аплодировать Pitch - поле Chess - шахматы Prize-winner - лауреат премии Contest - состязание, соревнование R Championship - первенство, Ring - ринг чемпионат Rock-climbing - скалолазание Competition - соревнование, конкурс Rink - каток Circle - круг для метания Referee - рефери, судья D S Drive away - разгонять, уезжать Synchronised swimming - синхронное E плавание Elbow - локоть Shoulder - плечо Equip - снарядить, экипировать Skip - прыжок, скачок F Skim - легкое скольжение Feet - ноги Swimming - плавание Forehead - лоб Stadium - стадион Foot - нога Step - степ Fingers - пальцы Sport orienteering - спортивное Figure skating - фигурное катание ориентирование Flexible - подвижный, гибкий Sport dances - спортивные танцы Football - футбол Sambo - самбо G Score - счет, очко Go - идти 80 T V Tongue - язык Volleyball - волейбол Technique - методика, прием W Trajectory - траектория Wrist - запястье Trainer - инструктор, тренер Waist - талия Tournament - турнир Wind-surfing - виндсерфинг U Waterskiing - катание на водных лыжах Up to the top - подняться вверх, Waistcoat - жилет быть в лучшей позиции Water polo - водное поло Weightlifting - тяжелая атлетика

table tenni

81 References 1. Alan Stanton, Mary Stephens. Fast Track to FCE. - Longman, Pearson Education Limited. - 2001. 2. Diana L. Fried-Booth, First certificate. Practice Tests. - Longman. - 2002. 3. Danuta Gryca, Russel Whitehead. Exam Excellence. - Oxford University Press. - 2006. 4. Evans V., Dooley J. Enterprise 4. Intermediate. Workbook. - Express Publishing. - 1997. 5. Evans V., Dooley J. Enterprise 4. Intermediate. Teacher’s Book. - Express Publishing. - 1997. 6. Evans V., Dooley J. FCE Mission 1. Course Book/Teacher’s book. - Express Publishing. - 2001. 7. Evans V., Dooley J. FCE Mission 2. Course Book/Teacher’s book. - Express Publishing. - 2001. 8. Evans Virginia, Edwards L. Upstream. Advanced. Course book. - Express Publishing. - 2003. 9. Fast track to FCE. - Longman. - 2001. 10. Fried-Booth D. Focus on PET: Preliminary English Test. - Longman. - 1996. 11. Fried-Booth D. Focus on PET: Preliminary English Test. Teacher’s Book. - Longman. - 1996. 12. Harris M., Mower D., Sikorzynska A. Opportunities. Intermediate. Student’s Book. - Longman. - 2000. 13. Harris M., Mower D., Sikorzynska A. Opportunities. Intermediate. Language Powerbook. - Longman.-2000. 14. Harris M., Mower D., Sikorzynska A. Opportunities. Intermediate. Student’s Book. - Longman. - 2000. 15. Kathy Gude, Mary Stephens. CAE Result. Advanced. - Oxford Academ. - 2007. 16. Kenny Nick. First Certificate in English. Passkey Student's Book. - Macmillan. - 1996. 17. Paul A. Davies, Tim Falla. FCE Result. Upper-Intermediate. - Oxford Academ. - 2007. 18. Philip Kerr. Straightforward. Intermediate. - Macmillian. - 2007. 19. Sally Burgess, Judith Wilson, Jacky Newbrook. FCE Gold Plus Maximiser (Gold). - Pearson Longman, ELT. - 2008. 20. Topics for English sports in our life / http://topics.nm.ru/new 21. Sport Stars / http://topics.nm.ru/new_page_1.htm 22. www.onestopenglish.com 23. http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/index.htm 24. www.britishcounsil.com 25. Lesson writer / http://lessonwriter.com/default.aspx 26. www.bogglesworldesl.com

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Contents

Unit 1. THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ……... 6 Unit 2. WHAT IS WRESTLING? ……………………………... 12 Unit 3. FITNESS, DANCING & AEROBICS ………………… 21 Unit 4. TENNIS ………………………………………………… 28 Unit 5. FOOTBALL …………………………………………….. 34 Unit 6. CHESS: sport or hobby? ……………………………... 42 Unit 7. OLYMPIC GAMES ……………………………………. 48 Unit 8. EXTREME SPORTS ………………………………….. 56 Text and exercises for self-control ……………………………. 67 Word list …………………………………………………………. 80 References ……………………………………………………… 82

83 Учебное издание

НЕТЕСОВА Мария Витальевна ЛЕКСИНА Евгения Анатольевна

СПОРТ ДЛЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛОВ

Учебное пособие

Научный редактор кандидат исторических наук, В.В. Верхотурова доцент

Верстка А.А. Дерюгина

Дизайн обложки: Т.А. Фатеева

Подписано к печати __.__.2010. Формат 60х84/8. Бумага «Снегурочка». Печать XEROX. Усл.печ.л. . Уч.-изд.л. . Заказ ___. Тираж 50 экз. Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет Система менеджмента качества Томского политехнического университета сертифицирована NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE по стандарту ISO9001:2008

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