Chemistry World Puzzles April 2018
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Chemical Threat Agents Call Poison Control 24/7 for Treatment Information 1.800.222.1222 Blood Nerve Blister Pulmonary Metals Toxins
CHEMICAL THREAT AGENTS CALL POISON CONTROL 24/7 FOR TREATMENT INFORMATION 1.800.222.1222 BLOOD NERVE BLISTER PULMONARY METALS TOXINS SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS • Vertigo • Diarrhea, diaphoresis • Itching • Upper respiratory tract • Cough • Shock • Tachycardia • Urination • Erythema irritation • Metallic taste • Organ failure • Tachypnea • Miosis • Yellowish blisters • Rhinitis • CNS effects • Cyanosis • Bradycardia, bronchospasm • Flu-like symptoms • Coughing • Shortness of breath • Flu-like symptoms • Emesis • Delayed eye irritation • Choking • Flu-like symptoms • Nonspecific neurological • Lacrimation • Delayed pulmonary edema • Visual disturbances symptoms • Salivation, sweating INDICATIVE LAB TESTS INDICATIVE LAB TESTS INDICATIVE LAB TEST INDICATIVE LAB TESTS INDICATIVE LAB TESTS INDICATIVE LAB TESTS • Increased anion gap • Decreased cholinesterase • Thiodiglycol present in urine • Decreased pO2 • Proteinuria None Available • Metabolic acidosis • Increased anion gap • Decreased pCO2 • Renal assessment • Narrow pO2 difference • Metabolic acidosis • Arterial blood gas between arterial and venous • Chest radiography samples DEFINITIVE TEST DEFINITIVE TEST DEFINITIVE TEST DEFINITIVE TESTS DEFINITIVE TESTS • Blood cyanide levels • Urine nerve agent • Urine blister agent No definitive tests available • Blood metals panel • Urine ricinine metabolites metabolites • Urine metals panel • Urine abrine POTENTIAL AGENTS POTENTIAL AGENTS POTENTIAL AGENTS POTENTIAL AGENTS POTENTIAL AGENTS POTENTIAL AGENTS • Hydrogen Cyanide -
Decontamination of Agent Yellow, a Lewisite and Sulfur Mustard Mixture
EPA 600/R-14/436 | March 2015 | www.epa.gov/research Decontamination of Agent Yellow, a Lewisite and Sulfur Mustard Mixture Office of Research and Development National Homeland Security Research Center Decontamination of Agent Yellow, a Lewisite and Sulfur Mustard Mixture Evaluation Report National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 ii Disclaimer The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development’s National Homeland Security Research Center funded and managed the research described here under EPA Contract Number EP-C-10-001, Work Assignment Number 4-28 with Battelle. This report has been peer and administratively reviewed and has been approved for publication as an Environmental Protection Agency report. It does not necessarily reflect views of the Environmental Protection Agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. The Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse the purchase or sale of any commercial products or services. Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to: Lukas Oudejans, Ph.D. Decontamination and Consequence Management Division National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-E343-06) 109 T.W. Alexander Drive Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Phone: 919-541-2973 Fax: 919-541-0496 E-mail: [email protected] iii Acknowledgments The following individuals are acknowledged -
Warfare Agents for Modeling Airborne Dispersion in and Around Buildings
LBNL-45475 ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIn NAL LABORATORY Databaseof Physical,Chemicaland ToxicologicalPropertiesof Chemical and Biological(CB)WarfitreAgentsfor ModelingAirborneDispersionIn and AroundBuildings TracyThatcher,RichSextro,andDonErmak Environmental Energy Technologies Division DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of Catifomia, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of anY information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommend at i on, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced -
Nerve Agent - Lntellipedia Page 1 Of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of MILLIONS of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Nerve Agent - lntellipedia Page 1 of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent UNCLASSIFIED From lntellipedia Nerve Agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally relaxes the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. ...--------- --- -·---- - --- -·-- --- --- Contents • 1 Overview • 2 Biological Effects • 2.1 Mechanism of Action • 2.2 Antidotes • 3 Classes • 3.1 G-Series • 3.2 V-Series • 3.3 Novichok Agents • 3.4 Insecticides • 4 History • 4.1 The Discovery ofNerve Agents • 4.2 The Nazi Mass Production ofTabun • 4.3 Nerve Agents in Nazi Germany • 4.4 The Secret Gets Out • 4.5 Since World War II • 4.6 Ocean Disposal of Chemical Weapons • 5 Popular Culture • 6 References and External Links --------------- ----·-- - Overview As chemical weapons, they are classified as weapons of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and their production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993; the Chemical Weapons Convention officially took effect on April 291997. Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to contraction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, and eventual death by asphyxiation as control is lost over respiratory muscles. -
Lewisite Fact Sheet
Lewisite Fact Sheet HIGHLIGHTS: It is unlikely that the general population will be exposed to blister agents Lewisite or Mustard-Lewisite. People who breathe in vapors of Lewisite or Mustard-Lewisite may experience damage to the respiratory system. Contact with the skin or eye can result in serious burns. Lewisite or Mustard-Lewisite also can cause damage to bone marrow and blood vessels. Exposure to high levels may be fatal. Blister agents Lewisite and Mustard-Lewisite have not been found in any of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What are lewisite and mustard-lewisite? Lewisite is an oily, colorless liquid with an odor like geraniums. Mustard-Lewisite Mixture is a liquid with a garlic-like odor. Mustard-Lewisite is a mixture of Lewisite and a sulfur mustard known as HD. Lewisite might have been used as a chemical weapon by Japan against Chinese forces in the 1930s, but such reports have not been confirmed. Any stored Lewisite in the United States must be destroyed before April 2007, as mandated by the Chemical Weapons Convention. What happens to lewisite and mustard-lewisite when it enters the environment? • Blister agents Lewisite and Mustard-Lewisite could enter the environment from an accidental release. • In air, blister agents Lewisite and Mustard-Lewisite will be broken down by compounds that are found in the air, but they may persist in air for a few days before being broken down. • Lewisite and Mustard-Lewisite will be broken down in water quickly, but small amounts may evaporate. • Lewisite and Mustard-Lewisite will be broken down in moist soil quickly, but small amounts may evaporate. -
Warning: the Following Lecture Contains Graphic Images
What the новичок (Novichok)? Why Chemical Warfare Agents Are More Relevant Than Ever Matt Sztajnkrycer, MD PHD Professor of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic Medical Toxicologist, Minnesota Poison Control System Medical Director, RFD Chemical Assessment Team @NoobieMatt #ITLS2018 Disclosures In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Standards, the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission (ANCC) and the Commission on Accreditation for Pre-Hospital Continuing Education (CAPCE), states presenters must disclose the existence of significant financial interests in or relationships with manufacturers or commercial products that may have a direct interest in the subject matter of the presentation, and relationships with the commercial supporter of this CME activity. The presenter does not consider that it will influence their presentation. Dr. Sztajnkrycer does not have a significant financial relationship to report. Dr. Sztajnkrycer is on the Editorial Board of International Trauma Life Support. Specific CW Agents Classes of Chemical Agents: The Big 5 The “A” List Pulmonary Agents Phosgene Oxime, Chlorine Vesicants Mustard, Phosgene Blood Agents CN Nerve Agents G, V, Novel, T Incapacitating Agents Thinking Outside the Box - An Abbreviated List Ammonia Fluorine Chlorine Acrylonitrile Hydrogen Sulfide Phosphine Methyl Isocyanate Dibotane Hydrogen Selenide Allyl Alcohol Sulfur Dioxide TDI Acrolein Nitric Acid Arsine Hydrazine Compound 1080/1081 Nitrogen Dioxide Tetramine (TETS) Ethylene Oxide Chlorine Leaks Phosphine Chlorine Common Toxic Industrial Chemical (“TIC”). Why use it in war/terror? Chlorine Density of 3.21 g/L. Heavier than air (1.28 g/L) sinks. Concentrates in low-lying areas. Like basements and underground bunkers. Reacts with water: Hypochlorous acid (HClO) Hydrochloric acid (HCl). -
First Aid in the Prevention and Treatment of Chemical Casualties
OCD 2202-1 January 1943 FIRST AID in the Prevention and Treatment of CHEMICAL CASUALTIES Revised MEDICAL DIVISION OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE Washington, D. C. PREFACE This booklet is intended for the personnel of Emergency Medical Field Units and others who may be immediately concerned in the cleansing of persons and the administration of first aid to chemical casualties. Identification, character- istics, and tactical uses of the various agents are discussed only briefly; the reader is referred to the Civilian Defense textbook, “Protection Against Gas,” for a more extensive discussion of these matters. For information on medical care and treatment consult Technical Manual 8-285, “Treat- ment of Casualties from Chemical Agents,” prepared by the War Department and published by the Government Printing Office. CONTENTS Chapter Page I. General Considerations 3 A. Kinds - 3 B. Recognition 3 1. Identification by Odor 4 2. Table of Odors and Effects 4 C. General Protective Measures 5 If. Lung irritants (Phosgene, Chlorpicrin, Chlorine, Nitric Fumes) 6 A. Latent Period 6 B. Effects 6 C. Symptoms 7 D. First Aid 7 Iff. Blister Bases (Mustard, Lewisite, Ethyldichlorar- sine) „ 8 A. Special Characteristics 8 Table of Differences between Lewisite and Mustard-_ 10 B. Mustard H 1. Effects-- 11 2. Prevention—First Aid . 12 C. Lewisite 14 1. Early Effects 15 2. Late Effects 15 3. Prevention—First Aid 15 D. Ethyldichlorarsine 16 1. Immediate Effects 16 2. First Aid 16 1 496407°—43 1 IV. Tear liases (Lacrimators) (Chloracetophenone, Chloracetophenone Solution, C N B Solution, Brom- benzyl cyanide) 17 A. Effects .1 ’ 17 B. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Chemical, Radiological and Nuclear Medical Countermeasures
Chemical, Radiological and Nuclear Medical Countermeasures Ron Manning,g, Ph.D. Chief, Chemical, Radiological and Nuclear Division of CBRN Countermeasures June 7, 2011 Roadmap • Rad Nuc Background and the threat • Rad Nuc Scenario considerations and Reqquirements development • Areas of Rad Nuc Programmatic Interest • Rad Nuc Portfolio Strategy • Special Considerations for Development Efforts • Solicitations in Fed Biz Ops • The Chemical Threat • Vesicants • Chem Special Instructions • Continuing Challenges • Interagency Partnering • BARDA funding 11 Rad Nuc Background •The detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) has the potential to produce a large number of victims with multiple and mixed injuries •Exposure to radiation induces dose-dependent injury to cells and tissue through a cascade of molecular and biochemical changes that lead to cell death or disruption 98-- 7- 6 5- 4- Dangerous Fallout 3- ground-zero 2- --1- 0- Light Damage Miles from 1 kT Moderate Damage 0.1 kT 10 kT MdiMedium Severe Damage Small Large •Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is the medical consequence of approximately 2 Gy exposure •The symptoms and progressionprogression of radiation injuryinjury occur even after the radiation exposure has ceased and there is a continuity of medical consequences from the ARS to the Delayed Effects of the Acute Exposure (DEARE) to chronic radiation damage 2 IND Scenarios and Requirements Development • Hundreds of IND scenarios ─ Developed with modeling and working groups with subject matter experts ─ Several cities modeled ─ Several radiation yields ─ 12 months (Jan - Dec): (e.g. Monthly winds and weather affect the fallout pattern)pattern) • Requirements established from modeling scenarios • Fulfillment of requirements ─ Acquisition of products via Project BioShield contracts ─ Development of products via Advanced Research and Development contracts ─ Review portfolio as requirements change • Requirements are reviewed on a regular basis and do change over time. -
War Gases .Pdf
yh&% .*i From the collection of the m Prejinger h v Jjibrary San Francisco, California 2007 THE WAR GASES WAR GASES Their Identification and Decontamination BY MORRIS B. JACOBS, Ph.D. Food, Drug and Insecticide Admin. U. S. Dept. of Agr. 1927 Chemist Department of Health, City of New York, 1928. Formerly, Lt. U. S. Chemical Warfare Service Reserve INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. NEW YORK, N. Y.-1942 Copyright, 1942, by INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. 215 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Printed in U. S. A. by WAVERLY PRESS, BALTIMORE, MD. PREFACE Relatively little has been written in the United States of America on the subject of passive defense, or as we would put it, civilian defense against poison gas. One of the very first steps in defense of this nature is a system for the detection, the sampling and the identification of the chemical war- fare agents, and the decontamination of areas and materials polluted by them. It is the aim of this book to present these subjects so that the informa- tion given will be useful to the gas identification officer, the war gas chemist, the decontamination officer, and the health officer. While this book was written primarily for the aforementioned officers, Chapters I, II, III, part of IV and VII should prove of value to the air raid warden and, in general, to all persons dealing with the above mentioned phases of gas defense. It is written so that it can be used for the training of gas identifi- cation officers, as a manual by chemists and decontamination officers, and as a source of information on the analytical chemistry of the war gases. -
V(A). CHEMICAL SAFETY -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES ______
V(a). CHEMICAL SAFETY -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES ___________________________________________________________________ Chapter V, Chemical Safety, provides guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous laboratory chemicals. The OSHA Laboratory Standard defines a "hazardous chemical" as one that exhibits physical or health hazards as follows. "Physical Hazard" - a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water reactive. "Health Hazard" - a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur...includes ...carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic (blood) system, and agents which damage the lung, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Determination of the hazard of a chemical is the responsibility of the manufacturer of the chemical. Information on the hazards of a particular chemical can be found on the label, the manufacturer's Safety Data Sheet (SDS), and in reference publications listed in the Bibliography. SDS are available on-line at https://www.mtholyoke.edu/ehs/msds. The term "chemical" is used interchangeably with "hazardous chemical" throughout the text. Both refer to those chemicals defined as hazardous by OSHA as described above. The requirements outlined in Chapter V apply to the laboratory use of chemicals that could result in chemical exposure under routine or emergency situations. They do not apply to the use of chemicals when no exposure is possible. For example, the use of lead shielding for radiation protection does not result in lead exposure and, consequently, the requirements for handling lead as a reproductive toxin in V (j) do not apply. -
Toxic Industrial Chemicals
J R Army Med Corps 2002; 148: 371-381 J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-148-04-06 on 1 December 2002. Downloaded from Toxic Industrial Chemicals Introduction location to another. Depending on the The first chemical warfare agent of the available routes of movement, and quantity modern era, chlorine, was released with of chemical to be moved, transport can occur devastating effect on 22 April 1915 at Ypres, by truck or rail tank cars, over water by barge Belgium. Along a 4 mile front, German or boat, over land through above- or below- soldiers opened the valves of 1,600 large and ground pipelines and by air. 4,130 small cylinders containing 168 tons of Toxic chemicals may be produced by the chlorine.The gas formed a thick white cloud burning of materials (e.g., the burning of that crossed the first allied trenches in less Teflon produces perfluoroisobutylene) or by than a minute.The allied line broke, allowing their reaction if spilled into water (e.g. silanes the Germans to advance deep into allied produce hydrogen chloride and cyanides, territory. If the Germans had been fully hydrogen cyanide). prepared to exploit this breakthrough, the course and possibly the outcome of WWI Toxic Industrial Chemicals may have been very different. (TICs) Chlorine is a commodity industrial A Toxic Industrial Chemical (TIC) is defined chemical with hundreds of legitimate uses; it as: is not a "purpose designed" chemical warfare an industrial chemical which has a LCt50 agent. Phosgene, another commodity value of less than 100,000 mg.min/m3 in industrial chemical, accounted for 80% of any mammalian species and is produced in the chemical fatalities during WWI.