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Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty Of
Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad T. Eidahl December 2017 © 2017 Brad T. Eidahl. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile by BRAD T. EIDAHL has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick M. Barr-Melej Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EIDAHL, BRAD T., Ph.D., December 2017, History Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile Director of Dissertation: Patrick M. Barr-Melej This dissertation examines the struggle between Chile’s opposition press and the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). It argues that due to Chile’s tradition of a pluralistic press and other factors, and in bids to strengthen the regime’s legitimacy, Pinochet and his top officials periodically demonstrated considerable flexibility in terms of the opposition media’s ability to publish and distribute its products. However, the regime, when sensing that its grip on power was slipping, reverted to repressive measures in its dealings with opposition-media outlets. Meanwhile, opposition journalists challenged the very legitimacy Pinochet sought and further widened the scope of acceptable opposition under difficult circumstances. Ultimately, such resistance contributed to Pinochet’s defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, initiating the return of democracy. -
Acusación Constitucional Contra Arturo Alessandri Palma, 1939
Acusación Constitucional contra Arturo Alessandri Palma, 1939 Texto de la Acusación (extractos) "Honorable Cámarar" Los Diputados quesuscriben, en uso dela facultad quelesconfiere el artículo 39, letra a)dela Constitución política, vienen en formular la presente acusación constitucio nal contra el ex Presidente de la República Arturo Alessandri Palma, porlas flagrantes infracciones a la Constitución ylasLeyes quese exponen más adelante, yquesecometie ron pororden suya con ocasión delossucesos delSdeseptiembre último enel interior del edificio del Seguro Obligatorio, y de las cuales resultaron más de sesenta y tres jóvenes obreros yestudiantes asesinados porlasfuerzas depolicía encargadas desofocar sumotín. Hemos recibido delDr. don Plutarco Badilla Urrutia, padre del joven Hugo Badilla Tellería, unrequerimiento para presentar estaacusación envista dequelos Tribunales Ordi narios senegaran a darcurso alaquerella quehabía entablado contra loshomicidas respon sables delamuerte desuhijo y delos demás jóvenes ultimados enel mismo sitio y hora. Lapetición delDr. donPlutarco Badilla corresponde a un anhelo común nosólo a losdeudos yamigos delasvíctimas, sino quetambién a todo el pueblo deChile, elqueno puede tolerarimpasible queanteuncrimen delashorrendas proporciones delmenciona do, la justicia se niegue a cumplir con susmás elementales deberes. Los Tribunales Ordinarios desestimaron la demanda delseñor Plutarco Badilla, a pretexto de que por aparecer asumiendo la responsabilidad de lo ocurrido el ex-Presi dentedela República Arturo Alessandri -
Democracy, Dictatorship and Economic Performance in Chile
Democracy, Dictatorship and Economic Performance in Chile William R. Keech Department of Social and Decision Sciences Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 [email protected] Paper presented at the Latin American Meeting of the Econometric Society Santiago, Chile July 28-30, 2004 The political and economic experience of Chile between 1932 and the present provides a natural experiment for a comparison of democracy and dictatorship with respect to their impact on economic performance. Democracy existed in Chile between 1932 and 1973, and was associated with a very wide range of efforts at economic reform, though without lasting success in any of them. This period also shows that democratic politics can provide economically perverse incentives, and can legitimately elect a president who carries out disastrous economic policies. In the period between 1973 and 1990, Chile had a dictatorship that, with a long lagtime, successfully reformed economic institutions, and brought about constructive changes in economic performance. This regime made some mistakes that may have prolonged the recovery, but the notable thing was the fact that the economy not only recovered, but achieved a new level of prosperity. My argument is that the neoliberal economic policies were central to economic success. Since 1990, democratic governments have maintained the institutions and policies that brought about improved economic performance under the dictatorship, and have continued to enjoy the resulting prosperity. The democratic governments have been more sensitive to equity issues, but not at the expense of economic performance. Chile’s experience is not typical, but it is instructive about the relationship between political institutions and economic performance. -
Civilian Inattention and Democratization: the Chilean Military and Political Transition in the 1930S
Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino- américaines et caraïbes ISSN: 0826-3663 (Print) 2333-1461 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rclc20 Civilian inattention and democratization: the Chilean military and political transition in the 1930s Gregory Weeks To cite this article: Gregory Weeks (2018) Civilian inattention and democratization: the Chilean military and political transition in the 1930s, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, 43:1, 1-17, DOI: 10.1080/08263663.2018.1426475 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2018.1426475 Published online: 16 Feb 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 4 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rclc20 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES, 2018 VOL. 43, NO. 1, 1–17 https://doi.org/10.1080/08263663.2018.1426475 Civilian inattention and democratization: the Chilean military and political transition in the 1930s Gregory Weeks Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The Chilean political transition that took place in 1932 is commonly Received 15 June 2015 viewed as positive for civil-military relations. This article argues that Accepted 5 December 2017 the very means used to restore stable civilian rule in Chile in the KEYWORDS 1930s also contributed to the slow decay of civil-military relations, Chile; civil-military relations; especially with the army. The conceptual lesson for the contemporary politics; democratization period is that civilian control entails much more than avoiding coups or rebellion in the short term. -
NOTE on RELATIONS BETWEEN CHILE and the EUROPEAN UNION Summary
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES OF THE UNION DIRECTORATE B – POLICY DEPARTMENT – NOTE ON RELATIONS BETWEEN CHILE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Summary: After 16 years of dictatorship between 1973 and 1989, Chile began a process of democratisation under the authority of the military. That process culminated in August 2005, when the Congress adopted a reform of the Constitution that had been imposed in 1980 by General Pinochet’s government. This political success has been mirrored by good economic progress, which is largely the result of structural reforms. These have helped open up the economy, which has been strengthened via the implementation of several free-trade agreements and by focusing on national production. In January 2006 Michelle Bachelet won the Presidential elections. It is an unprecedented event for a woman to achieve such a high position in the Southern Cone. Her priority areas will be health, education and the reduction of poverty. Relations between the EU and Chile in terms of politics, the economy and cooperation are excellent. The association agreement concluded in 2002 has done much to strengthen relations between the two partners, and the fields of activity to which the agreement applies have increased as a result. DGExPo/B/PolDep/Note/2006_138 September 2006 EPADES\DELE\D-CL\NT\628801EN 1 PE 378.960EN This note was requested by the Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee. It is available in the following languages: English Author: Pedro NEVES Manuscript completed in September 2006. To obtain copies, please email [email protected] European Parliament, Brussels, September 2006. -
Presidents of Latin American States Since 1900
Presidents of Latin American States since 1900 ARGENTINA IX9X-1904 Gen Julio Argentino Roca Elite co-option (PN) IlJ04-06 Manuel A. Quintana (PN) do. IlJ06-1O Jose Figueroa Alcorta (PN) Vice-President 1910-14 Roque Saenz Pena (PN) Elite co-option 1914--16 Victorino de la Plaza (PN) Vice-President 1916-22 Hipolito Yrigoyen (UCR) Election 1922-28 Marcelo Torcuato de Alv~ar Radical co-option: election (UCR) 1928--30 Hipolito Yrigoyen (UCR) Election 1930-32 Jose Felix Uriburu Military coup 1932-38 Agustin P. Justo (Can) Elite co-option 1938-40 Roberto M. Ortiz (Con) Elite co-option 1940-43 Ramon F. Castillo (Con) Vice-President: acting 1940- 42; then succeeded on resignation of President lune5-71943 Gen. Arturo P. Rawson Military coup 1943-44 Gen. Pedro P. Ramirez Military co-option 1944-46 Gen. Edelmiro J. Farrell Military co-option 1946-55 Col. Juan D. Peron Election 1955 Gen. Eduardo Lonardi Military coup 1955-58 Gen. Pedro Eugenio Military co-option Aramburu 1958--62 Arturo Frondizi (UCR-I) Election 1962--63 Jose Marfa Guido Military coup: President of Senate 1963--66 Dr Arturo IIIia (UCRP) Election 1966-70 Gen. Juan Carlos Onganfa Military coup June 8--14 1970 Adm. Pedro Gnavi Military coup 1970--71 Brig-Gen. Roberto M. Military co-option Levingston Mar22-241971 Junta Military co-option 1971-73 Gen. Alejandro Lanusse Military co-option 1973 Hector Campora (PJ) Election 1973-74 Lt-Gen. Juan D. Peron (PJ) Peronist co-option and election 1974--76 Marfa Estela (Isabel) Martinez Vice-President; death of de Peron (PJ) President Mar24--291976 Junta Military coup 1976-81 Gen. -
La Fuerza Del Destino: El Pensamiento Político De Arturo Alessandri Palma Entre 1888 Y 1920
59 La fuerza del destino: el pensamiento político de Arturo Alessandri Palma entre 1888 y 1920 Fernando Arrau Corominas* Presentación año en que había aprobado el Bachillerato por la misma institución. Traía consigo un historial sobresaliente de sus años de estudio en el ¿Cómo se estableció el vínculo político entre Arturo Alessandri Palma Colegio de los Sagrados Corazones de Jesús y María (Padres France- y la llamada “cuestión social”1 en Chile? ¿Podemos lograr deinir el ca- ses) de Santiago, donde fue considerado una de sus “estrellas”2. rácter de este lazo? Buscando respuestas a interrogantes como éstos hemos seguido el desarrollo del pensamiento y de los compromisos Habiendo obtenido el primer lugar en todos los cursos en que par- políticos de Alessandri desde sus años de estudiante universitario has- ticipó, se había distinguido especialmente en tres de ellos: historia, ta el lanzamiento de su candidatura a la Presidencia de la República, matemáticas y ilosofía. Descollante en esta última disciplina, constan- en 1920. Conirmamos su clara vocación política y, asimismo, com- temente exponía su propio raciocinio sobre los temas tratados. Así fue prendimos por qué ella llegó a ser entendida por Alessandri como un como, ante la sorpresa del medio, había negado la existencia de Dios compromiso con la evolución necesaria del país, como organismo so- apoyándose en la física, la química y la lógica. cial; sin ser el resultado de una elección suya entre varias alternativas sino el reconocimiento de su propio destino. Esta actitud del estudiante no sería excepcional si se considera que por su fecha de nacimiento pertenecía a una generación de la cual el historiador Guillermo Feliú Cruz dijo lo siguiente: El joven Alessandri (1888-1897) “La generación de 1868 advino en un momento en que estaba semiderruido en Arturo ingresó en 1888 a la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad el ambiente la herencia intelectual del coloniaje, teológico y casuista. -
285 Questionnaire Social Study and Opinion Poll
285 QUESTIONNAIRE SOCIAL STUDY AND OPINION POLL November 1993 Work Document Nº 205 December 1993 1. This survey is trying to get to know people’s opinions on different aspects of the country and their life. In general, considering all the aspects of your life, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you at the moment? (5,9%) 5: very satisfied (45,6%) 4: satisfied (35,1%) 3: indifferent, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (12,2%) 2: dissatisfied (1,1%) 1: very dissatisfied (0,1%) 9: no answer 2. On this card there is a series of problems that our country has. Which are the three problems that the Government should dedicate its biggest efforts to solving? Indicate only 3 (49,4%) 1: Delinquency, assaults and robberies (37,7%) 2: Education (51,0%) 3: Health (30,9%) 4: Salaries (27,6%) 5: Employment (6,7%) 6: Human rights (10,5%) 7: Price rises, inflation (19,0%) 8: Housing (36,2%) 9: Poverty (4,0%) 10: Protests and street riots (10,4%) 11: Terrorism (9,0%) 12: Protection of the environment (6,6%) 13: Corruption 286 3. According to this scale, where would you put the current economic situation of the country? (1,3%) 5 VERY GOOD (23,9%) 4 GOOD (55,3%) 3 NEITHER GOOD, NOR BAD (17,5%) 2 BAD (1,6%) I VERY BAD (0,3%) 8 don’t know (0,1%) 9 no answer 4. According to this scale, where would you put your current economic situation in comparison with a year ago? (2,5%) 5 MUCH BETTER (32,3%) 4 BETTER (46,0%) 3 THE SAME (17,2%) 2 WORSE (1,5%) 1 MUCH WORSE (0,3%) 8 don’t know (0,3%) 9 no answer 5. -
ANEXO N°5 Focalización
Focalizacion COMUNA RBD DV_RBD NOMBRE_ESTABLECIMIENTO IVE-SINAE BASICA 2015 ALHUÉ 10873 1 LICEO MUNICIPAL SARA TRONCOSO TRONCOSO 62,0 ALHUÉ 10878 2 ESCUELA BARRANCAS DE PICHI 91,3 ALHUÉ 10879 0 ESCUELA SAN ALFONSO 72,3 ALHUÉ 10880 4 ESCUELA HACIENDA ALHUE 60,0 BUIN 10638 0 LICEO 131 75,3 BUIN 10639 9 ESCUELA RAYEN MAPU 100,0 BUIN 10640 2 COLEGIO DE MAIPO 86,9 BUIN 10641 0 LICEO ALTO JAHUEL 82,1 BUIN 10643 7 ESCUELA VILLASECA 83,4 BUIN 10645 3 LICEO FRANCISCO JAVIER KRUGGER ALVARADO 78,8 BUIN 10646 1 ESCUELA VALDIVIA DE PAINE 78,7 BUIN 10648 8 ESCUELA LO SALINAS 88,9 BUIN 10649 6 ESCUELA HUMBERTO MORENO RAMIREZ 80,9 BUIN 10651 8 ESCUELA LOS ROSALES DEL BAJO 84,0 BUIN 10652 6 ESCUELA VILUCO 78,7 BUIN 10656 9 ESCUELA BASICA G-N°813 LOS AROMOS DE EL RECURSO 79,9 BUIN 25591 2 LICEO TECNICO PROFESIONAL DE BUIN 93,0 CALERA DE TANGO 10686 0 LICEO MUNICIPAL POETISA GABRIELA MISTRAL 81,3 CALERA DE TANGO 10687 9 ESCUELA BASICA F-N°798 CALERA DE TANGO 74,5 CALERA DE TANGO 10688 7 LICEO LONQUEN 81,4 CERRILLOS 8519 7 ESCUELA BASICA PEDRO AGUIRRE CERDA 79,4 CERRILLOS 9865 5 LICEO POLIVALENTE DR. LUIS VARGAS SALCEDO 78,8 CERRILLOS 9870 1 ESCUELA BASICA CONDORES DE PLATA 77,5 CERRILLOS 9874 4 ESCUELA LOTHAR KOMMER BRUGER 84,6 CERRILLOS 9875 2 ESCUELA CERRILLOS 67,9 CERRILLOS 9882 5 ESCUELA J.PRIETO VIAL 74,6 CERRILLOS 9886 8 ESCUELA ESTRELLA REINA DE CHILE 77,5 CERRILLOS 25539 4 EJERCITO LIBERTADOR DE CERRILLOS 88,8 CERRO NAVIA 10074 9 ESCUELA ALIANZA 88,4 CERRO NAVIA 10083 8 ESCUELA PRESIDENTE ROOSEVELT 78,2 CERRO NAVIA 10086 2 ESCUELA REPUBLICA DE ITALIA -
Socialism in Latin America : a History of Socialism in Chile and Cuba
SOCIALISM !M LATIM AMERICA "A HISTORY OF SOCIALISM IN CHILE AND CUBA" by CARLOS SANTIAG0-G0N7ALEZ B.A., Kansas State University, 1984 A MASTER'S REPORT submitted in partial fullment of the requirements for the decree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Political Science KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1PR7 Approved by: Major Professor -^ A11BD7 303131 ^^^^ .^^ TABLE OF CONTENTS ?v.sc \°\n CHAPTER ONE: Introduction Saivo c, X CHAPTER TWO: A History of Socialism in Chile CHAPTER THREE A History of Socialism in Cuba CHAPTER FOUR: Conclusion Footnotes Bibliography Appendices A. Acronyms B. Spanish phrases, names or words C. Presidential Elections. Results of 1952, 1958, 1964, 1970 in Chile. IHTRODUCTION Between the years 1804 and 1825, all of the present independent Latin Anerican countries were established, except three. The Domin- ican Republic, gained independence from Spain in 1848, Cuba in 1902 and Panama was established out of present-day Colombia in 1903.1 Democratic socialist parties, that is, parties that have been ideologically (to various degrees) closely aligned with the parties of the so-called second, or socialist, international, have existed in many of the Latin American countries. The older ones date from the last decades of the 19th century. With one or two exceptions, the democratic socialist parties have not developed into major parties. Furthermore, in recent decades the group as a whole has tended to decline in importance, some of the parties disappearing altogether and others undergoing damaging schisms. Most have lost influence in the labor movement and other groups in which they were formerly important. The socialists have usually considered them- selves Marxists and parties of the left and have frequently found the competition of the Communists to be embarrassing. -
Eduardo Frei Montalva. Fe, Política Y Cambio Social
Eduardo Frei Montalva: Fe, política y cambio social BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGRESO NACIONAL DE CHILE .2013 políticaycambiosocial Fe, Montalva: Eduardo Frei Eduardo Frei Montalva: Fe, política y cambio social BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGRESO NACIONAL DE CHILE . 2013 BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGRESO NACIONAL Director: Alfonso Pérez Guiñez. Director Adjunto: Felipe Vicencio Eyzaguirre. Edición a cargo de: David Vásquez. Felipe Rivera. Equipo de Investigación David Vásquez: edición, investigación y textos. Fernando Arrau: investigación y textos. Rodrigo Obrador: investigación y textos. Felipe Rivera: edición, investigación y textos. María Soledad Larenas: investigación y textos. Edmundo Serani: investigación y textos. Mauricio Amar: investigación y textos. Pía Montalva: investigación y textos. Yalile Uarac: investigación y textos. Jacqueline Saintard: investigación y textos. Concepción visual Racic Grupo Diseño. Impreso en Chile por Andros Impresores. ©Ediciones Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. Registro de Propiedad Intelectual Nº 234553 I.S.B.N.: 978-956-7629-16-9 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas 3.0 Unported. Cubierta: Sesión fotográfica del entonces senador Eduardo Frei Montalva en su hogar. Fuente: BCN, donación familia Franco-Díaz. Fotógrafo: Gastón Franco Campos. Eduardo Frei Montalva: Fe, política y cambio social. Santiago de Chile : Ediciones Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, 2013. 296 páginas : fotografías ; 22 cm. Frei Montalva, Eduardo, 1911-1982 Frei Montalva, Eduardo, 1911-1982 - Pensamiento -
Establecimientos Educacionales PACE
PROGRAMA DE ACCESO A LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR Establecimientos Educacionales PACE Proceso de Admisión 2022 El Programa de Acompañamiento y Acceso a la Educación Superior “PACE”, cuenta con 580 Establecimientos Educacionales: Región Comuna RBD Nombre del establecimiento Institución de Educación Superior PACE De Arica y Parinacota Arica 1 Liceo Politécnico Arica Universidad de Tarapacá De Arica y Parinacota Arica 4 Liceo Octavio Palma Pérez Universidad de Tarapacá Liceo Polivalente Antonio Varas de La De Arica y Parinacota Arica 7 Universidad de Tarapacá Barra Colegio Integrado Eduardo Frei De Arica y Parinacota Arica 8 Universidad de Tarapacá Montalva Liceo Agrícola José Abelardo Núñez De Arica y Parinacota Arica 32 Universidad de Tarapacá M. De Arica y Parinacota Camarones 72 Liceo Valle de Codpa Universidad de Tarapacá De Arica y Parinacota Putre 78 Liceo Granaderos Universidad de Tarapacá Liceo Politécnico José Gutiérrez de La De Tarapacá Iquique 108 Universidad Arturo Prat Fuente De Tarapacá Iquique 109 Liceo Elena Duvauchelle Cabezón Universidad Arturo Prat De Tarapacá Iquique 124 Liceo Luis Cruz Martínez Universidad Arturo Prat De Tarapacá Huara 161 Liceo de Huara Universidad de Tarapacá De Tarapacá Colchane 178 Liceo Técnico Profesional Colchane Universidad Arturo Prat Liceo Alcalde Sergio González De Tarapacá Pozo Almonte 191 Universidad Arturo Prat Gutiérrez De Antofagasta Tocopilla 199 Liceo Domingo Latrille Lastaunou Universidad de Antofagasta De Antofagasta Tocopilla 200 Liceo Politécnico Diego Portales P. Universidad de Antofagasta