The Bryophytes (Hornworts, Liverworts
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Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca. -
Octoblepharum Pocsii (Calymperaceae), a Recently Described African Moss Species New to Laos and Asia
Phytotaxa 184 (3): 178–180 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Correspondence ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.3.10 Octoblepharum pocsii (Calymperaceae), a recently described African moss species new to Laos and Asia SI HE Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The genus Octoblepharum Hedwig (1801: 50), consisting of 18 accepted species, is mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with four species in Africa, one in Asia, and the majority of the species in the Neotropics; it is seldom found in temperate latitudes (Eddy 1990, Salazar-Allen 1991, Magill & Allen 2013). Octoblepharum albidum Hedwig (1801: 50) is the most commonly encountered species of the genus, occurring in southern China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines (Eddy 1990, Tan & Iwatsuki 1993) and larger parts of tropical Africa. The species is characterized by a considerable variation in plant and leaf size as well as a habitat preference for trees. As noted by Magill and Allen (2013) there has been an inclination to name all collections of Octoblepharum with eight peristome teeth O. albidum, but this is clearly an oversimplification. During the course of routine identification of moss specimens collected in Laos, I encountered two large-sized plant specimens of Octoblepharum that had eight peristome teeth and unusually long, fragile leaves. The leaves were considerably longer than normal sized O. albidum leaves: 10–13 vs. -
General Ecology
Glime, J. M. and Gradstein, S. R. 2018. Tropics: General Ecology. Chapt. 8-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. 8-1-1 Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 22 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology4/>. CHAPTER 8-1 TROPICS: GENERAL ECOLOGY JANICE M. GLIME AND S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN TABLE OF CONTENTS General Ecology ................................................................................................................................................. 8-1-2 Water Relations ........................................................................................................................................... 8-1-5 Light ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-1-8 Life and Growth Forms ............................................................................................................................... 8-1-9 Nutrient Relations ..................................................................................................................................... 8-1-12 Productivity ............................................................................................................................................... 8-1-13 Climate Effects ................................................................................................................................................ -
The Bryological Times
The Bryological Times Number 111 December 2003 Newsletter of the International Association of Bryologists CONTENT Obituaries • Hyoji Suzuki ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 • Willem Meyer ..............................................................................................................................................................................2 Training course report • The second regional training course on biodiversity and conservation of bryophytes and lichens in Tropical southeast Asia offered by SEAMEO-BIOTROP of Indonesia ............................................................... 3 Country report • Bryology in Turkey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Book reviews • Manual of Tropical Bryology .................................................................................................................................................... 7 • Guide to the Plants of Central French Guiana: Part 3: Mosses ............................................................................................. 8 • Mosses of Lithuania .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 New publications • Red list of Bryophytes of the G.D. -
Journal of Integral Sciences Occurrences of Mosses in Indian
J Integral Sci, 2018, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1-6. ISSN: 2581-5679 www.jisciences.com Journal of Research Article Integral Sciences Occurrences of Mosses in Indian Mangrove Forests Girija Sastry V, Vinay Bharadwaj T* A.U College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India-530 003. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], Mobile: +91-9640325675. Received: 10 Sept 2018; Revised: 20 Sept 2018; Accepted: 29 Sept 2018 Abstract For the first reporting mosses in salt water provisions like estuaries. In our recent field survey on the mosses in mangrove forests at Krishna, Godavari and Brahmani-Baitarani estuaries, India have brought to light two new records in mosses at Brahmani-Baitarani estuary and none at Krishna, Godavari estuaries. The two new recorded mosses are identified as Octoblepharum albidum Hedwig and Taxithelium nepalense Brotherus on the trunks of Cocos and Rhizophora species respectively at Brahmani-Baitarani estuary, Odisha, India. Both the species are very scarcely exists and identified on stressed conditions. Key words: New records, Mangroves, Brahmani-Baitarani estuary and India. 1. Introduction done field survey on mosses in Krishna and The mosses are highly evolved group of Godavari estuaries at Andhra Pradesh along with bryophytes and bio-monitors (Karr, 1981; Tingey, Brahmani-Baitarani estuary, Odisha, India. 1989) with around (ca.) 17,000 species falling in 3 subclass, 4 order, 89 families and ca. 898 genera 2. Materials and Methods across the world (Kumar et al., 2011). Among 2.1 Collection of specimens bryophytes mosses are small flowerless plants, The fresh materials of mosses were collected typically composed of simple, one-cell thick leaves, from the Bhitarkanika Island at Brahmani-Baitarani attached to a stem that may be branched or estuary area, India during March 2016 (Fig 1). -
Hydric and Xeric Habitats
Glime, J. M. 2019. Tropics: Wet and Dry Habitats. Chapt. 8-11. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. 8-11-1 Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 22 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology4/>. CHAPTER 8-11 TROPICS: HYDRIC AND XERIC HABITATS TABLE OF CONTENTS Inundated Forests ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-11-2 Várzea and Igapó Forests ............................................................................................................................................. 8-11-2 Floodplains and Mangrove Forests .............................................................................................................................. 8-11-4 Pirizal ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8-11-8 Peatlands .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8-11-8 Aquatic ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8-11-11 Rheophytes ................................................................................................................................................................ -
Dicranaceae, Bryophyta ) : Approches Moléculaire Et
MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2011 N°attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Systématique évolutive Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Amélie Pichonet Le 28 juin 2011 Variabilité et dispersion au sein du genre Dicranum Hedw. (Dicranaceae, Bryophyta ) : approches moléculaire et morphologique Sous la direction de : Monsieur Bardat Jacques JURY : M. Pierre Henri Gouyon Directeur de Recherche, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris (075) Président M. Jacques Bardat Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (075) Directeur de Thèse M. Robbert Gradstein Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (075) Examinateur M. Bernard Goffinet University of Connecticut, Etats-Unis Rapporteur M. Alain Vanderpoorten Univeristé de Liège, Belgique Rapporteur II “The beauty there in the mosses must be considered from the holiest, quietest nook ” Henri David Thoreau, Natural History of Massachusetts (1842) III Remerciements Ces trois intenses années de recherche dans l’univers de la Bryologie, n’auraient pas vu le jour sans la rencontre entre les différents protagonistes, il y a de cela un peu plus de cinq ans, à l’occasion de mon stage de master 1. Je remercie donc Jacques Bardat et Catherine Rausch de m’avoir fait confiance et de m’avoir offert la possibilité de découvrir et d’aimer, ce monde peuplé d’organismes cryptiques. Les années passant, avec deux stages à la clé, la perspective de réaliser une thèse s’est précisée et concrétisée. -
Manual of Tropical Bryology 1
AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF TROPICAL BRYOPHYTES MANAGING EDITOR: J.-P. FRAHM SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: W.R. BUCK EDITORIAL BOARD: Y. LEÓN-VARGAS ( Universidad de los Andes, Mérida), B.J. O´SHEA (London), B.C. TAN (National University of Singapore). No. 23 www.bryologie.uni-bonn.de 2003 Manual of Tropical Bryology by Jan-Peter Frahm with contributions by BRIAN O´SHEA, TAMAS POCS, TIMO KOPONEN, SINIKKA PIIPPO, JOHANNES ENROTH, PENGCHENG RAO & YIN-MING FANG ISSN 0935 - 5626 Subscriptions Tropical Bryology is a fully computer-produced, non-profit journal, published irregularly. The subscription price is calculated from the production costs (printing, mailing) which are divided by the number of subscribers. It was introduced in 1989 and was the first fully computer produced cryptogamic journal, the first journal of which a disk version was available and the first journal which gives 50% reduction to subsribers from tropical countries. It is one of the last journals providing 100 reprints free for authors. Each number is also available on CD ROM as faksimile edition in Acrobat Reader format and allows full text search and to make use of digitized illustrations and bibliographies. The subscription price is approx. US$ 5 (including postage by surface mail) per 100 pages for subscribers from tropical countries and approx. US$ 10 for subscribers from all other countries. Applications for subscriptions should be sent to J.-P. FRAHM, Botanisches Institut der Universität, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, F. R. Germany, [email protected]. Copyright © 2003 J.-P. Frahm Printed in Germany Tropical Bryology is printed on chlorine free paper. -
Volume 1, Chapter 4-6: Adaptive Strategies: Life Cycles
Glime, J. M. 2017. Adaptive Strategies: Life Cycles. Chapt. 4-6. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological 4-6-1 Ecology Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 5 June 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 4-6 ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES: LIFE CYCLES TABLE OF CONTENTS Life Strategies .............................................................................................................................................. 4-6-2 Clonal Growth .............................................................................................................................................. 4-6-3 Foraging and Sharing ............................................................................................................................. 4-6-4 Implications for Reproduction ................................................................................................................ 4-6-5 Density Effects ...................................................................................................................................... 4-6-5 Tradeoffs ............................................................................................................................................... 4-6-6 r & K Strategies ............................................................................................................................................ 4-6-7 Bet Hedgers .......................................................................................................................................... -
How Tropical Moss Sporophytes Respond to Seasonality: Examples from a Semi-Deciduous Ecosystem in Brazil
Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2016, 37 (3): 227-239 © 2016 Adac. Tous droits réservés How tropical moss sporophytes respond to seasonality: examples from a semi-deciduous ecosystem in Brazil Adaises S. MACIEL-SILVA a* & Mirian PEREIRA DE OLIVEIRA b aDept. of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 31270-901 bCOLTEC-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 31270-901 Abstract – We report on the phenology of the sporophytes of Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. (Calymperaceae), a moss growing in a seasonal ecosystem between the semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest and neotropical savanna areas of Brazil. We examined 100 sporophyte-bearing plants in ten different populations every two weeks between March/2014 and April/2015. This is the first analysis of phenological data of bryophytes using a circular presentation to interpret cyclical phenomena. Sporophyte development events in O. albidum were clearly seasonal, with the frequencies of all phenophases being related principally to rainfall. The three early stages of sporophyte development (immature to post-meiotic sporangium) occurred predominantly during the dry season, contrasting with sporangia dehiscence, which occurred mainly during the rainy season. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology of bryophytes in tropical ecosystems, particularly those in seasonal habitats. We also highlight -
Taxonomic Study on Some Bryophytes from Southern Shan State Soe Myint Aye1 and Win Win Aye2
Taxonomic Study on Some Bryophytes from Southern Shan State Soe Myint Aye1 and Win Win Aye2 Abstract Bryophytes from Southern Shan State were collected and studied in 2012. Ten species belong to 9 genera and 8 families of mosses from Bryophytes were found as tufts on damp soil, rocks, tree trunks, old walls, hardly calcareous soil. They are Philonotis rigida Brid. , Bryum argenteum var. argenteum Hedw., B. caespiticium var. caespiticium Hedw., Octoblepharum albidum Hedwig, Funaria fascicularis (Hedw.) Lindb., Taxiphyllum wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk & Marg., Pterogonium gracile (Hedw.) Sm., Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Desmatodon cernuus (Hiib.) Br., and Weissia controversa var. controversa Hedw. The artificial key to the species were constructed and their diagnostic characters of study species were described. Key words: Bryophytes, Taxonomy, Southern Shan State Introduction Bryophytes are small “leafy” or flat plants that most often grow in moist locations in temperate and tropical forests or along the edges of wetlands and streams. (Raven et al. 2005). Bryophytes include liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They are a very ancient group of land plants that first migrated and colonized bare land around 450 million years ago. They are non-vascular plants that have neither flowers nor fruits, and they disperse by spores, instead of seeds. Today, the bryophytes are estimated to be more than 18,000 species worldwide. Estimated to consist of well over 10,000 species, mosses are the second largest plant group of land plants today after the flowering plants. About 2000 species of mosses occur in Southern Asia (Tan and Boon-Chuan 2008). Bryophytes are amphibians of the kingdom plantae. -
Octoblepharum Benitotanii (Octoblepharaceae) a New Species from the Old World Tropics
PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER | Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Octoblepharum benitotanii (Octoblepharaceae) a new species from the Old World Tropics Noris Salazar Allen*1 and Sahut Chantanaorrapint 2 ABSTRACT Octoblepharum benitotanii Salazar Allen & Chantanaorr., a new species of Octoblepharum from the Old World tropics, is described and illustrated based on specimens from Thailand and Timor. Taxonomic affinities and information on habitat and distribution are discussed. This is the fourth species of Octoblepharum described for Asia besides O. albidum, O. arthrocormoides, and O. pocsii and, not counting O. depressum, whose type specimen has not been found and thus its status is doubtful. Octoblepharum benitotanii is distinguished by its narrow, elongate, tumid, long acuminate leaves and peristome with eight foveolate-reticulate teeth. KEYWORDS: Bryophyta, Octoblepharum albidum, species-complex, Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION to be a small form of O. albidum (Egunyomy et al., 1977). Nevertheless it has not yet been formally synonymized. Octoblepharum Hedw. is a pantropical moss genus with 18 species recognized worldwide (Wijk et al., 1964, 1969; Crum, Twelve species are known for the Neotropics: O. albidum, 1983; Salazar Allen, 1991, 1992, 1994; Yano, 1992; Salazar O. africanum, O. ampullaceum Mitt., O. cocuiense Mitt., O. Allen & Tan, 2010; Magill & Allen, 2013; He, 2014). Six costatum H.A. Crum, O. cylindricum, O. erectifolium Mitt., species are known from Australia, Asia and Oceania (O. O. leucobryoides O. Yano, O. pulvinatum (Dozy & Molk.) albidum Hedw., O. arthrocormoides Salazar Allen & B.C. Tan, Mitt., O. rhaphidostegium Müll. Hal., O. stramineum Mitt. O. cylindricum Schimp. ex Mont., O. depressum Müll. Hal., O. and O. tatei (Williams) E.B.