Sacred Water and Standing Rock

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sacred Water and Standing Rock Sacred Water, Standing Rock Power- and Environmental Discourses in North American Indigenous Peoples’ Media Texts Helsinki University Faculty of Arts Master’s Program for Area and Cultural Studies North American Studies Master’s Thesis November 10, 2020 Minna Pajunen Supervisors: Dr. Rani-Henrik Andersson and Dr. Mikko Saikku Tiedekunta - Fakultet - Faculty Laitos - Institution - Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kulttuurien osasto Tekijä - Författare - Author Minna Kirsi Marika Pajunen Työn nimi - Arbetets title - Title Sacred Water, Standing Rock – Power- and Environmental Discourses in North American Indigenous Peoples’ Media Texts Oppiaine - Läroämne - Subject Alue- ja kulttuurintutkimus Työn laji / Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare – Level/Instructor Aika - Datum - Month and year Sivumäärä - Sidoantal - Number of Pro gradu pages Rani-Henrik Andersson ja Mikko Saikku Marraskuu 2020 98 sivua + liite. Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract Tämä tutkimus käsittelee Pohjois-Amerikan alkuperäiskansojen mielenosoituksia Dakota Ac- cess -öljyputkea vastaan. Mielenosoitukset järjestettiin vuosina 2016 ja 2017 Standing Rockissa, Pohjois- ja Etelä-Dakotassa, ja ne synnyttivät Stand with Standing Rock -ympäris- töliikkeen. Erityisenä tutkimuskohteena ovat Pohjois-Amerikan alkuperäiskansojen tuottamat mediatekstit ja niissä esiintyvät valtaan ja ympäristöön liittyvät diskurssit, joita tutkitaan Nor- man Faircloughin kehittelemän kriittisen diskurssianalyysin avulla. Lisäksi tutkielmassa käsi- tellään diskurssien yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia. Tutkimusaineistona on yhteensä 46 Indian Country Today -verkkolehdessä julkaistua uutistekstiä. Tekstit ovat ilmestyneet elokuun 2016 ja helmikuun 2019 välisenä aikana. Mediatekstien tutkimuksen lisäksi Stand with Standing Rock -ympäristöliikettä kontekstualisoidaan tutkimalla mielenosoitusten taustalla vaikutta- neita tekijöitä. Tutkimus osoitti, että alkuperäiskansojen tuottamat ympäristöön liittyvät mediadiskurssit ovat samantyyppisiä kuin Yhdysvaltain enemmistön tuottamat mediadiskurssit. Ympäristön saas- tuminen näyttäytyy vakavana uhkana, johon alkuperäiskansojen on nopeasti reagoitava pysty- äkseen pelastamaan ympäristön ja oman kulttuurinsa jälkipolville. Valtaan liittyvät diskurssit heijastelevat alkuperäiskansojen ja Yhdysvaltain enemmistön välisten suhteiden nykytilaa ja kehitystä. Diskurssianalyysin tulokset osoittavat, että alkuperäiskansat suhtautuvat edelleen epäluuloisesti Yhdysvaltain enemmistöön, mutta ryhmien väliset suhteet ovat kehittymässä parempaan suuntaan. Mielenosoitusten herättämä maailmanlaajuinen huomio on osaltaan tu- losta alkuperäiskansojen ja Yhdysvaltain enemmistöön kuuluvien aktivistien välisestä yhteis- työstä. Tämä tutkimus tuottaa ja syventää tietoa Pohjois-Amerikan alkuperäiskansojen käyttämistä mediadiskursseista. Diskurssianalyysin tulokset tuottavat tietoa Pohjois-Amerikan alkuperäis- kansojen ja Yhdysvaltain enemmistön suhteista ja näissä suhteissa tapahtuneesta kehityksestä. Lisäksi tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää tulevien mediatutkimusten ja erityisesti kriittistä diskurssianalyysia hyödyntävien tutkimusprojektien vertailutietona. Vanzant – Nyckelord Pohjois-Amerikan alkuperäiskansat, Yhdysvallat, Pohjois-Dakota, Etelä-Dakota, diskurssianalyysi, luonnonsuojelu, kansalaisaktivismi, valtasuhteet, Keywords North American Indigenous peoples, the United States, North Dakota, South Dakota, critical discourse analysis, environmental protection, civic engagement, power relations. Säilytyspaikka - Förvaringsställe - Where deposited Helsingin yliopiston kirjasto Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 2 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Standing Rock and Pick-Sloan Program ........................................................... 6 2.2 Relationship between Indigenous Peoples and U.S. Government .................. 13 2.3 History of Native American Indigenous Activism towards Sovereignty ....... 21 2.4 Dakota Access Pipeline Project and Stand with Standing Rock Movement .. 33 3 RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND POWER DISCOURSES ............... 57 3.1 Concepts and Definitions ................................................................................ 57 3.2 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 62 3.3 Research Material ........................................................................................... 62 3.4 Research Method and Theoretical Framework ............................................... 63 3.5 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................... 67 4 RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ........................................................... 70 4.1 From Text Passages to Codes, Code Groups, and Discourses ....................... 70 4.2 Environmental Discourse Reflects Indigenous Philosophy ............................ 72 4.3 Various Aspects of Indigenous Reality Represented in Power Discourse ..... 73 4.4 Socio-Cultural Context and Purposes of Environmental Discourse ............... 76 4.5 Socio-Cultural Context and Purposes of Power Discourse ............................ 78 5 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 79 6 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 83 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 89 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 99 1 Introduction Energy Transfer Partners started a construction project in order to build an oil pipe from North Dakota to Illinois in June 2014. The purpose of the $3,78 billion project was to complement the oil pipeline network in the United States. The oil pipeline was referred to both as Bakken Pipeline and Dakota Access Pipeline during the project, and it is 1,172 miles long transferring 470,000 barrels of oil in 24 hours.1 Indigenous peoples resist the project and especially the plans according to which the pipeline would transfer oil beneath the Missouri River. They fear that a possible leak would contaminate the water resources of Standing Rock.2 Moreover, indigenous peoples consider water resources sacred, and initially they were alarmed about the situation because their traditional oral history contains a story according to which a black snake shall pose a threat to indigenous peoples. According to their interpretation, the black snake is a metaphor for the oil pipeline. Furthermore, indigenous peoples treat the earth sacred and the construction work would disturb the burial grounds of their ancestors. According to their traditional beliefs, the transmigration of souls shall continue after the death of an individual especially if one has met a violent death. Therefore, ancient cemeteries should stay intact. Activists on environmental and indigenous issues gathered to a demonstration against the pro- ject in Standing Rock in the summer 2016. Next autumn, these demonstrations led to a confrontation between the protesters and the law enforcement of Morton County and the case gained international attention in the media. At this stage, environmental activists belonging to American majority ex- pressed their support for the protest. Demonstrations to show solidarity for this cause were held in Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, and in Denver in November. Some farmers in Iowa shared the concerns of the Standing Rock tribe and they refused to give a permission to build a pipeline on their property. Among the U.S. politicians, especially Senator Bernie Sanders expressed his support for in- digenous peoples. Furthermore, President Barack Obama insisted that the case should be solved with- out violence, and several members of the Congress deprecated violent police actions against the de- monstrators. Indigenous peoples appealed also for United Nations Human Rights Council on their case, and the council concluded that the Standing Rock tribe should have had their say in the beginning of the project and that indigenous peoples have a right to gather and hold a peaceful demonstration 1 Tina Parke-Sutherland, "Ecofeminist Activism and the Greening of Native America," American Studies in Scandi- navia 50, no. 1 (2018), 137–138. 2 Ibid., 138–139. 1 against the Dakota Access Pipeline project. The camps of the protesters were eventually removed in February 2017. In March, indigenous peoples gathered for a demonstration in Washington D.C. The construction work was completed during the spring, and the pipeline was taken in operation in the beginning of June 2017. The environmental movement which emerged from spontaneous demonstra- tions continues to lobby against the pipeline. In addition, Standing Rock and other affected tribes have joined their forces in the court room, and this legal battle continues on the present day. Standing Rock was established in the 19th century but the history of the Oceti Sakowin3 living in the area is much longer. Indigenous peoples have suffered in many ways from the colonialist pol- itics of the United States. According to the philosophy and worldviews of the indigenous peoples, the land is no one’s property, and tribes ended up in a new situation when the authorities
Recommended publications
  • Government Shutdown Crippled Parts of Indian Country Native Americans Disproportionally Suffer More During Historic Federal Impasse
    VOLUME XV ISSUE 1 JANUARY—2019 Government Shutdown Crippled Parts of Indian Country Native Americans disproportionally suffer more during historic federal impasse The federal government shut- especially those in rural areas. The Native people in Schurz down which stretched to 35 “We don’t have funds are representative of the pain days has shaken the lives for burial costs,” Amber Torres, felt in the majority of Indian of everyday people across the the Chair of the Walker River County as at least one-fourth country, from federal prisoners Paiute Nation told Nevada of Native Americans live to low-wage government work- Governor Steve Sisolak. “This in poverty, the highest poverty ers, but there is one especially shutdown is a major hardship rate of any racial group in the vulnerable population in times because we can’t bury our U.S. like these: Native Americans. loved ones.” On many reservations, Most Indian Tribes have only On Jan. 23, Governor Sisolak including some in the Great recently begun to prosper arranged a meeting with Tribal Basin, unemployment exceeds economically after nearly three leaders to discuss the effects 40 percent. centuries of oppression and of the government shutdown Tens of thousands of Native efforts by the federal govern- on Nevada Tribes. Continued On Page 4 ment to annihilate them. They face two challenges that particularly apply while United States President Donald Trump continued to demand his border wall: Many Tribal members are poor, and many Tribes are dependent on federal programs to provide basic services to their members. At the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, federal contracts and grants make up just a small percent of the Tribe’s general fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Purpose Statement the Purpose of This Briefing Note Is to Examine The
    BLACK HEBREW ISRAELITES: FROM SOFT VIOLENCE TO KINETIC ACTION Date: December 10th, 2019 Disclaimer: This briefing note contains summaries of open sources and does not represent the views of the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies. Purpose Statement The purpose of this briefing note is to examine the escalation to violence of Violent Transnational Social Movements (VTSM), specifically the Black Hebrew Israelites (BHI). The BHI is a more than 100-year-old group that has arguably been in the political background for the past two decades and appears to have escalated from using soft violence tactics to kinetic violence after the Jersey City Deli Shooting. This briefing note primarily focuses on the BHI and their role as a VTSM that uses soft violence and symbolic power as a means to deliver their message. For further information on VTSMs, please visit the Canadian Centre for Identity-Based Conflict. Security Problem The BHI movement, despite being over 100 years old, has infrequently been publicly studied or reported on for the past twenty years. However, they have now moved into the forefront of the conversation on VTSMs. This is because the BHI arguably uses soft violence and symbolic power to spread their messages. On January 18th, 2019, tensions were inflamed between three groups with distinct identities. The BHI appeared to have used racial slurs based on identity and social hierarchy against the Covington Catholic School boys that were wearing “Make America Great Again” hats (Chappell, 2019). On December 10th, 2019, a shooting in Jersey City resulting in four deaths was allegedly linked to CASIS Vancouver Page 2 the BHI through police investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Elder Offers to Meet and Dialog with Students, Community, and Catholic Leaders After Racially Charged Confrontation with Boys from Catholic School
    Contact: Daniel Paul Nelson Lakota People’s Law Project 831-406-0349 [email protected] Native American Elder Offers to Meet and Dialog With Students, Community, and Catholic Leaders After Racially Charged Confrontation with Boys from Catholic School Omaha Nation elder Nathan Phillips gained sudden and unwanted fame after a YouTube video went viral showing him being mocked by a group of Catholic high school students wearing MAGA (“Make America Great Again”) hats while he was singing a traditional Native song at the conclusion of the Indigenous Peoples March at the Lincoln Memorial on Friday. Now, he says he’d like to use what occurred as a teachable moment. He’s offering to travel as a delegate representing the international coalition behind the Indigenous Peoples March to Covington Catholic High School in Northern Kentucky and have a dialog about cultural appropriation, racism, and the importance of listening to and respecting diverse cultures. “Race relations in this country and around the world have reached a boiling point,” said Phillips. “It is sad that on the weekend of a holiday when we celebrate the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., racial hostility occurred on the steps of the Lincoln memorial, where King gave his ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.” Phillips and others were closing the Indigenous Peoples March with a prayer ceremony in their permitted area when, videos show, two groups without permits—Black Hebrew Israelites and the high school students—began arguing. Phillips said he approached and stepped between the two groups in an effort to quell the burgeoning conflict through spiritual song.
    [Show full text]
  • Q, the MAGA Kid, and the Deep State Theory
    Paper Ergoic framing in New Right online groups: Q, the MAGA kid, and the Deep State theory by © Ondřej Procházka (Charles University / Tilburg University) © Jan Blommaert (Babylon, Center for the Study of Superdiversity, Tilburg University) [email protected] [email protected] April 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Ergoic framing in New Right online groups: Q, the MAGA kid, and the Deep State theory1 Ondřej Procházka & Jan Blommaert 1. Introduction Conspiracy theories have had a long life in social research (e.g. Hofstadter 1967), and they have more recently become conspicuous as a topic of research on online social and political action.2 The relationship between the online world and conspiracy theories is often described as synergetic: Conspiracy theories, defined as allegations that powerful people or organizations are plotting together in secret to achieve sinister ends through deception of the public (…), have long been an important element of popular discourse. With the advent of the Internet, they have become more visible than ever. (Wood & Douglas 2013) The Internet is also seen as influential: it is the place where conspiracy theories emerge and grow, before being moved into mainstream media: However, as the Internet developed into a major form of communication, its function as a medium for the spread of conspiracy theories began to exhibit some important characteristics. Most obviously, ideas that in the past would only have reached the small audiences of conspiracy publications and late night talk radio now could potentially reach many more.
    [Show full text]
  • SCOTUS Declines to Hear Osage Wind Case
    Ongoing ‘Patriot Nations’ exhibit at Osage Museum PAGE 10 Volume 15, Issue 2 • February 2019 The Official Newspaper of the Osage Nation Rencountre makes history as he wins SCOTUS declines his first UFC match in Brooklyn Shannon Shaw Duty to hear Osage Osage News Chance Rencountre has made history. He is the first Wind case Osage, male or female, to win Lenzy Krehbiel-Burton a match in the UFC as a pro- Osage News fessional fighter. He is also the first UFC fighter to carry his WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court will not hear Native American nation’s flag arguments in Osage Wind LLC vs. Osage Minerals Council, into the UFC Octagon. thus setting the stage for the tribe to potentially collect dam- “I was confident, that’s the ages from a controversial energy project. big thing, I was confident in As part of its Jan. 7 order list, the U.S. Supreme Court there. I was able to come forth, denied a petition from Osage Wind, Enel Kansas and Enel throw some heat and I knew Green Power North America for a writ of certiorari. the take down would be there The energy companies were challenging a 2017 decision eventually,” he said in a post- by the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals that overturned a rul- fight interview backstage on ing from Northern District of Oklahoma, which allowed the Jan. 19. construction of 84 turbines across 8,400 acres near Burbank, “Everything felt great, ev- erything was on point. Soft- Oklahoma, without a mining permit from the Bureau of In- ened him up with a couple of dian Affairs or approval from the Osage Minerals Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Philanthropic Funding for Native American Communities and Causes
    Contributors Avi Bond, Tufts summer fellow Sarina Dayal, knowledge services associate Mantin Diomande, research analyst Anna Koob, director of research Supriya Kumar, research manager Yumei Lin, Tufts summer fellow Larry McGill, vice president of knowledge services Betty Saronson, visual designer Grace Sato, director of global projects and partnerships Vanessa Suarez, knowledge services assistant Acknowledgements Special thanks to Vance Blackfox, Sarah Eagle Heart, and Gina Jackson for their collaboration. Thanks also to Karina Walters, Ph.D. and Danica Brown, Ph.D. for creating the historical timeline. We are grateful to Carly Hare, national director/coalition catalyst of CHANGE Philanthropy, and Martin Jennings, program officer at Northwest Area Foundation, for reviewing an early draft of this report and contributing their valuable feedback. And we thank the Investing in Native Communities web portal advisory committee: Carly Bad Heart Bull (Dakota/Muskogee Creek) Martin Jennings (Leech Lake Ojibwe) Erik Stegman (Carry the Kettle Nakoda First Nation) Native nations activities manager Program officer Executive director Bush Foundation Northwest Area Foundation Center for Native American Youth at the Aspen Institute Sean Buffington Lyle Matthew Kan Vice president Director of research and communications Victoria Stott (Ho-Chunk) Henry Luce Foundation Funders for LGBTQ Issues Program officer W.K. Kellogg Foundation Hester Dillon (Cherokee Nation) Lawrence Leake Program officer for Indigenous communities Managing director Edgar Villanueva
    [Show full text]
  • Political Reviews
    Political Reviews michael lujan bevacqua, elizabeth (isa) ua ceallaigh bowman, zaldy dandan, monica c labriola, nic maclellan, tiara r na'puti, gonzaga puas peter clegg, lorenz gonschor, margaret mutu, salote talagi, forrest wade young 187 political reviews • micronesia 195 FSM Constitution. 1978. Available on the Nanmadapw-Palikir, Pohnpei, 15 Septem- FSM Legal Information System website: ber. http://fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/index Sivas, Vince. 2019. Internet interview with .htm author, 16 September. FSM Public Law 18-34. 2013. Available Walter, Inos. 2019. Interview with author, from http://www.cfsm.gov.fm/index.php/ Weno, Chuuk, 3 September. legislations/public-laws/18th-fsm-congress -public-laws Zhang, Weidong. 2017. Interview with author, Palikir, Pohnpei, May. FSM Updates. 2014. President Mori Declares “State of Emergency” as Ping Da 7 Posts Greater Threat Sitting on Nan Kepkepin Param Reef in Pohnpei. Guam 23 January. http://myfsm.blogspot.com .au/2014/01/president-mori-declares-state The year 2018–2019 in Guam began -of.html on a high note with a series of land- Illon, Epel. 2019. Interview with author, mark elections and ended more Kolonia, Pohnpei, 13 September. forebodingly with a federal court case threatening the rights of the island’s Mori, Emanuel. 2019. Interview author, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 18 September. Indigenous people. November 2018 saw the victory Moufa, Richard. 2019. Interview with of Democrat Lourdes “Lou” Leon author, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 6 September. Guerrero as the island’s first female pit, Pacific Island Times. Daily Internet governor. For centuries, chief execu- and monthly print news. Tumon, Guam. tives on island have been referred to https://www.pacificislandtimes.com as “maga'låhi,” a colonial appropria- Puas, Gonzaga.
    [Show full text]
  • Marchers for Life Harass Indigenous Elder at Indigenous Peoples March
    Contact: Daniel Paul Nelson Lakota People’s Law Project 831-406-0349 [email protected] Press Statements: Marchers for Life Harass Indigenous Elder at Indigenous Peoples March Display Demonstrates Indigenous Concerns About Marginalization, Disrespect, and Need to Listen to Traditional Knowledge Yesterday, following the first annual Indigenous People’s March in Washington D.C., YouTube user KC NOLAND released a video showing a large group of youths wearing “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) hats and other Trump paraphernalia taunting a Native American elder playing a ceremonial drum and singing a song. According to reports, the youth group of youth was in attendance for the March for Life, a pro-life action occurring at the same time as the Indigenous People’s March. According to organizers of the Indigenous Peoples March present for the exchange, Phillips was aggressively surrounded by more than 30 counter- protestors. “What we saw yesterday, the display surrounding Mr. Phillips, is emblematic of the state of our discourse in Trump’s America,” said Darren Thompson, an organizer for the Indigenous Peoples Movement. “It clearly demonstrates the validity of our concerns about the marginalization and disrespect of Indigenous peoples, and it shows that traditional knowledge is being ignored by those who should listen most closely.” The drummer has been identified as Nathan Phillips, an Omaha elder, Vietnam Veteran, and former director of the Native Youth Alliance. Phillips also holds an annual ceremony honoring Native American veterans in the Arlington National Cemetery. The group of youth was from an all-boys prep school in Kentucky called Covington Catholic. Chase Iron Eyes, another spokesperson for the Indigenous People’s March, knows Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Marchers for Life Harass Indigenous Elder at Indigenous Peoples March
    Contact: Daniel Paul Nelson Lakota Peopleʼs Law Project 831-406-0349 [email protected] Press Statements: Marchers for Life Harass Indigenous Elder at Indigenous Peoples March Display Demonstrates Indigenous Concerns About Marginalization, Disrespect, and Need to Listen to Traditional Knowledge Yesterday, following the first annual Indigenous Peopleʼs March in Washington D.C., YouTube user KC NOLAND released a video showing a large group of youths wearing “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) hatsand other Trump paraphernalia taunting a Native American elder playing a ceremonial drum and singing a song. According to reports, the youth group of youth was in attendance for the March for Life, a pro-life action occuring at the same time as the Indigenous Peopleʼs March. According to organizers of the Indigenous Peoples March present for the exchange, Phillips was aggressively surrounded by more than 30 counter-protestors. The drummer has been identified as Nathan Phillips, an Omaha elder, Vietnam Veteran, and former director of the Native Youth Alliance. Phillips also holds an annual ceremony honoring Native American veterans in the Arlington National Cemetery. The group of youth was from an all-boys prep school in Kentucky called Covington Catholic. Chase Iron Eyes, another spokesperson for the Indigenous Peopleʼs March, knows Mr. Phillips personally and was present for the exchange. “Conservative people are fearful now—with the election to congress of our first two Native American women, Deb Haaland and Sharice Davids, and so many other powerful women. Trump has riled up a reactionary voting block that reminds us that we are a nation founded on patriarchy, genocide and racism.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex, Contemporary, and Unconventional: Characterizing the Tweets of the #Nativevote Movement and Native American Candidates Through the 2018 U.S
    Complex, Contemporary, and Unconventional: Characterizing the Tweets of the #NativeVote Movement and Native American Candidates through the 2018 U.S. Midterm Elections MORGAN VIGIL-HAYES, Northern Arizona University, USA NICHOLET DESCHINE PARKHURST, Arizona State University, USA MARISA ELENA DUARTE, Arizona State University, USA In the 2018 U.S. midterm elections, a record number of Native American candidates ran for office at all levels of government [85]. To better understand how these 104 candidates intersected with Indigenous political issues and movements to increase Native American voter turnout, we study 723,269 tweets about or by these candidates and 15,476 tweets associated with the #NativeVote movement between October 6, 2018 and February 5, 2019. We use a mixed methods approach to identify issues that emerge in the Native Candidates data set, including issues of representation and protean usage of the “Make America Great Again” hashtag (#maga). When examining the feeds of selected candidates, we find that there can be a disconnect between the issues that candidates align themselves with on social media and the issues that they are associated with by others. We also find evidence of Indigenous issues spanning a vast political spectrum and being coupled with other issues in different ways by different candidates and audiences. Finally, we examine the intersection between Native American candidates and the #NativeVote movement to discover emergent issue networks, including networks around voter suppression and Indigenous political action. Critically, we discuss how our interdisciplinary Indigenous feminist approach to social media analysis illuminates issues of marginalized communities in both a systematic and inductive manner that allows us to discover new patterns and issues with limited a priori knowledge about a complex system.
    [Show full text]
  • Protest Movements in Zimbabwe Sudan Chavindi Weerawansha Vaishali Handique
    Vol 2, Issues 2&3, pril August 2020 1 From the desk The NIAS Quarterly on Contemporary World Affairs (CWA) brings together research by scholars of the Global Politics course at the School of Conflict and Security Studies in National Institute of Advanced Studies. This special issue focuses on the global protest movements from Latin America to Asia which has been the defining moments in 2020. The individual essays bring out the Editor historical developments leading to the current protests D Suba Chandran and aim to forecast the course of the protests. The essays in this volume are an outcome of the young Assistant Editor scholars’ workshop organised by the International Sourina Bej Peace Research Initiative (IPRI) at NIAS on 17 February, 2020 in collaboration with the Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), India. IPRI, in support with the KAS, critically studies state institutions and CWA Team governance in democracies, global peace processes, and Abigail Miriam Fernandez the young scholars’ workshop was conceived as part of Aparupa Bhattacherjee the NIAS-KAS efforts at understanding protests and Apoorva Sudhakar discontents in democracies. The young scholars’ Harini Madhusudan workshop is also a part of the capacity building Lakshmi V Menon initiative of the NIAS and KAS. Rashmi Ramesh Sukanya Bali The Global Politics course aims to enhance the understanding of the contemporary global developments with an attempt to comprehend the larger picture while Design identifying trends on the world politics. Parikshith Pradeep NIAS/CSS/U/PL/20/2020
    [Show full text]
  • Against Cable News Network, Inc
    Case: 2:19-cv-00031-DLB-CJS Doc #: 1 Filed: 03/12/19 Page: 1 of 58 - Page ID#: 1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY NORTHERN DIVISION AT COVINGTON NICHOLAS SANDMANN, by and : CASE NO. through his parents and natural : guardians, TED SANDMANN and : JUDGE JULIE SANDMANN, : : PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT WITH Plaintiffs, : JURY DEMAND : v. : : CABLE NEWS NETWORK, INC., : : Defendant. : : : NOW COMES Nicholas Sandmann (“Nicholas”), by and through his parents and natural guardians, Ted Sandmann and Julie Sandmann, and by and through counsel, and states his Complaint for Defamation against Cable News Network, Inc. (“CNN”) as follows: INTRODUCTION 1. In 1980, Ted Turner defied skeptics and successfully founded CNN, the first 24-hour cable and satellite news channel. 2. For several years thereafter, CNN branded itself worldwide as “the most trusted name in news.” 3. CNN is now owned by Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., an American media conglomerate that is a division of Warner Media, LLC. 4. Warner Media, LLC is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate owned by AT&T, Inc. and headquartered in New York City. - 1 - Case: 2:19-cv-00031-DLB-CJS Doc #: 1 Filed: 03/12/19 Page: 2 of 58 - Page ID#: 2 5. AT&T, Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. 6. According to its 2018 Form 10-K filing and Annual Report, AT&T, Inc.’s 2018 operating revenue was $170.756 Billion and its net income was $19.953 Billion. 7. According to Time Warner Inc. n/k/a Warner Media, LLC’s 2017 Form 10- K filing, CNN reached 91.4 million domestic households and more than 350 million households outside of the United States as of December 31, 2017.
    [Show full text]