DOCSLIB.ORG

Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends BIO-MECHANICS OF BACK N D 32 australian yoga life • September - november 2011 Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends Backbends are among the most shallow breathing, is associated with The mechanics of a backbend, energising and exhilarating of the yoga reduced levels of energy and even an overview asana groups, and are the postures negative thinking. Backbends stretch What does it take to achieve a that perhaps create the most openness and expand the chest, inducing freer, backbend? Our ability to move into a and freedom in the physical body and deeper breathing, creating greater backbend depends on several factors. In beyond. Many of us have a slightly oxygenation of the blood, strengthening varying degrees for each back bending rounded upper back and closed chest the heart muscles, raising metabolism, posture, we will need a combination of: area, often due to long sitting slouched as well as creating strength in all of • Strength in the back and hip extensor over a desk. This poor posture restricts the muscles of the back to improve muscles, and the front of the body and gives rise to posture. Just by bringing the thoracic spine into extension and opening up • Flexibility in the hip flexors and the front of die body, we can create a external rotators, and in the joints of feeling of upliftment. In their role as the spine itself. natural antidepressants, the backbends To stay in, and move deeper into the therefore promote higher energy levels, backbend we will also need: and chase away sadness and fatigue. • Strength in the muscles that stabilise the backbend and • Flexibility in the muscles along the front of the body that will need to stretch, i.e., the chest, abdomen, and the front of the thighs. To be truly comfortable in the pose, maintaining an easy, steady breath and practicing with long term sustainability in mind also requires: A relatively smooth curve that moves evenly through the whole spine, without any one part of the spine becoming a hinge from which all of the extension takes place. Let’s take a closer look at the requisite biomechanics of a backbend... -V. 1 Wii:' .-v .. ■: ' I..... & i:N!ibs: australian yoga life » September - november 2011 33 Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends Diagram 1. Erector Spinae in Urdvha Dhanurasana director Spinae muscles contract to pull all of the vertebrae closer together along the hack surface of the spine, and together shorten the distance between the pelvis and the neck. The Erector Spinae The erector spinae muscles are the main muscles responsible for extending the spine. These are a group of three muscle pairs, with one of each pair on either side of the spine. They all connect from the pelvis to the neck vertebrae, and each pair also has other connections. Together, these are the muscles that, when lightly contracted, hold the spine upright during standing and sitting. When they contract further, their combined effort brings the spine into extension by shortening the distance between the pelvis and the neck along the back of the body. The iliocostalis also join to each individual rib, and when they contract, the ribs are pulled closer together at the back The longissimus connects the transverse (side) processes of the vertebrae, and the spinalis connects to the spinous processes at the back of the vertebrae. When these muscles contract, they pull all the spinal vertebrae closer together along the back surface of the spine. Diagram 2. Trapezius in Urdvha Dhanurasana Upper Trapezius contracts to help lift the body, spreading the shoulder blades and creating a firmer connection for the arm bone in the shoulder socket. The Lower Trapezius In many deeper backbends, the contraction of the lower trapezius muscles draws the shoulder blades down and in towards the spine, narrowing the back of the chest. This movement indirectly supports the extension of the spine. Diagram 3. Psoas in Ustrasana The Psoas at the front of the hips have to stretch to bring the hips into extension in many backbends. Hip Extensors For many backbends to occur, there must also be extension at the hip joint; that is, the legs must move backwards relative to the front of the body. In order for this to happen, there must be adequate give in the major hip flexors (notably, the psoas that connect the lumbar spine to the inner upper thigh bone, and that if tight, we feel pulling in lunging movements) and adequate strength in the hip extensors (gluteus maximus and the hamstrings), to enable the pulling back of the legs. When the big muscles of gluteus maximus and the hamstrings contract, the whole back surface of the legs is shortened and the hip joints pulled into extension, so that the legs follow the line of the spine and complete the curve, as in Upward Bow Pose (supine example) and Bow Pose (prone example). 34 australian yoga life • September - november 2011 Bio-Mechanics of Back Bends Major muscles of the back other words, the back processes of these extension at the thoracic spine, and involved in backbends vertebrae just jam into each other after only allowing the lower back and neck fairly minimal extension, as compared to extend to the point that they match Back bending postures can be broadly to the lumbar and cervical vertebrae.) the extension achieved there. categorised into two groups: 1. Prone backbends: those in 2. The thoracic section of the spine is surrounded by the rib cage, which Slow Cobra Pose which we are lifting the spine into a limits its ability to move into extension. backbend against gravity, performed Lie on the abdomen and place the palms from a prone (face down) position, 3. Many people work at a desk and have on the floor beneath the shoulders. As e.g. Cobra Pose (Bhujangasana), some degree of rounding of the thoracic you inhale, try to slowly peel the front Locust Pose (Salabhasana), and Bow spine as a result. The muscles of the surface of the body away from the floor, Pose (Dhanurasana). chest become tight and the muscles from the sternum up to about the height of the back become weak, further of the navel and no more. As you exhale, 2. Supine backbends: those in which diminishing the ability to move the slowly lower back down. Try to use the gravity assists the backbend, performed thoracic spine into extension. muscles of the back, not the hands, to from a supine (face up) position, create the movement. As you come up, This combination of anatomical and e.g., Upward Bow Pose (Urdvha keep the neck in line with the rest of behavioural factors means that most Dhanurasana), Bridge Pose (Setu the spine...don’t throw the head back. of us use the neck and lower back as Bandha Sarvangasana), and Camel Only come up to a point where you Pose (Ustrasana). the only two places in the spine that feel that the lumbar spine is bending really move much at all in day to day Prone backbends require more strength the same amount as the thoracic spine. activities. These areas then become like in the back extensor muscles, as we Practice five rounds. hinges moving back and forth whenever are working against the pull of gravity. movement is required, whilst the rest of Because of this, the prone backbends the spine remains fairly immobile. We are the best ones to practice in order often then go to yoga classes with the to create maximum strength in the idea of increasing movement in locked muscles of the back that will then assist up areas of the body, and strengthening and support all of the backbends. Prone parts that are weak. However, unless and supine backbends are both, by we are mindful, we simply enhance our definition, created by the spine moving habit patterns, using the most flexible into extension (i.e., a backbend), and parts of the spine to create nearly all of several muscle groups are responsible the extension required in a backbend, Correct Bhujangasana for this action. whilst the thoracic spine is hardly being asked to extend at all. This creates Common Pitfalls - where we get potentially increased wear and tear in into trouble those already overused joints in the long Relative movement at the joints of term, and in the short term creates an the spine ■ hinging in the lower back uncomfortable sensation of jamming in and neck the lower back. In order for a backbend to occur, there needs to be movement between Remedy Incorrect Bhujangasana the vertebrae themselves to create the To prevent jamming in the lower back curve of the whole spine. Unfortunately or the neck, first create an intention Stabilising the pelvis however, all vertebrae are not equal or visualisation to create a smooth in their ability to move in the required curve throughout the whole spine, We have already seen how, to prevent manner. In fact, in most people, in which each spinal joint plays an jamming in the lower back, there perhaps 75 to 80 percent of the total equal part in the total extension, and needs to be extension in the thoracic extension of the spine occurs between no one part of the spine has to bend spine. Another piece of the puzzle to a only about five of the joints...about more than another. Just by having this functional, sustainable backbend, with three in the lumbar (lower back) and understanding and awareness, you will a smooth curve, is stabilising the pelvis. two in the cervical (neck) sections of move with greater care and integrity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book Review:" Yoga Body: the Origins of Modern Posture Practice"
    Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies Volume 23 Article 17 January 2010 Book Review: "Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice" Harold Coward Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jhcs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Coward, Harold (2010) "Book Review: "Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice"," Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies: Vol. 23, Article 17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7825/2164-6279.1469 The Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies is a publication of the Society for Hindu-Christian Studies. The digital version is made available by Digital Commons @ Butler University. For questions about the Journal or the Society, please contact [email protected]. For more information about Digital Commons @ Butler University, please contact [email protected]. Coward: Book Review: "Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice" 62 Book Reviews There is much to be learned from and seem to reflect a presumed position of privilege appreciated in Schouten's Jesus as Guru. for Caucasian, WesternlEuropean, Christian However, I was frustrated by phrases such as contexts. "Whoever explores the religion and culture of While dialogue between "East" and "West" India comes fact to face with a different world," sets the context for the book in the introduction, (1) or " ... Since then, it is no longer possible to in the Postscript Schouten acknowledges, " .. .in i imagine Indian society and culture without the past quarter of a century the voice of Hindus i I Christ." (4) Following an informative in the dialogue has grown silent." (260) Perhaps intermezzo on Frank Wesley's depiction of future work can assess why this might be so and Jesus as a blue hued child like Krishna, I wonder work to build a new conversation.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Riverside
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Choreographers and Yogis: Untwisting the Politics of Appropriation and Representation in U.S. Concert Dance A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Critical Dance Studies by Jennifer F Aubrecht September 2017 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jacqueline Shea Murphy, Chairperson Dr. Anthea Kraut Dr. Amanda Lucia Copyright by Jennifer F Aubrecht 2017 The Dissertation of Jennifer F Aubrecht is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements I extend my gratitude to many people and organizations for their support throughout this process. First of all, my thanks to my committee: Jacqueline Shea Murphy, Anthea Kraut, and Amanda Lucia. Without your guidance and support, this work would never have matured. I am also deeply indebted to the faculty of the Dance Department at UC Riverside, including Linda Tomko, Priya Srinivasan, Jens Richard Giersdorf, Wendy Rogers, Imani Kai Johnson, visiting professor Ann Carlson, Joel Smith, José Reynoso, Taisha Paggett, and Luis Lara Malvacías. Their teaching and research modeled for me what it means to be a scholar and human of rigorous integrity and generosity. I am also grateful to the professors at my undergraduate institution, who opened my eyes to the exciting world of critical dance studies: Ananya Chatterjea, Diyah Larasati, Carl Flink, Toni Pierce-Sands, Maija Brown, and rest of U of MN dance department, thank you. I thank the faculty (especially Susan Manning, Janice Ross, and Rebekah Kowal) and participants in the 2015 Mellon Summer Seminar Dance Studies in/and the Humanities, who helped me begin to feel at home in our academic community.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoga Poses for Your Health
    2013 Yoga Poses for Your Health Compiled by: Fitness-Health Team Fitness.com Yoga for Your Health Curious about yoga? Yoga is a very popular form of workout that more and more people are starting to get into as they learn about all the different benefits that it can provide. But, if you're brand new to yoga and haven't done your research, you may not be making the most of this type of workout program. There are a number of different variations of yoga that can be performed, so it's essential that you understand what each is about so that you can pick and choose the variety that is going to best benefit you with the goal set that you currently have. Learning some of the top key benefits that you'll get from each yoga class that you perform will also help you stay motivated and committed to doing your sessions and making the physical progress you desire. Yoga is about more than just physical activity however. Those who participate in yoga for an ongoing period of time are going to notice that they benefit from a psychological standpoint as well. While many other variations of exercise as strictly focused on burning fat, improving your strength, or allowing you to have some fun with your physical fitness program, yoga is one that really interconnects you mind and body together. So read through the following series of articles so that you can get all the vital information that you need to know about yoga. A Brief History Of Yoga - If you are considering taking up yoga, or you are new to the practice you might be curious to find out more about yoga’s fascinating history.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious, Spiritual, and Secular Identities of Modern Postural Yoga in the Ozarks
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2015 Bodies Bending Boundaries: Religious, Spiritual, and Secular Identities of Modern Postural Yoga in the Ozarks Kimberley J. Pingatore As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Pingatore, Kimberley J., "Bodies Bending Boundaries: Religious, Spiritual, and Secular Identities of Modern Postural Yoga in the Ozarks" (2015). MSU Graduate Theses. 3010. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3010 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BODIES BENDING BOUNDARIES: RELIGIOUS, SPIRITUAL, AND SECULAR IDENTITIES OF MODERN POSTURAL YOGA IN THE OZARKS A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, Religious Studies By Kimberley J. Pingatore December 2015 Copyright 2015 by Kimberley Jaqueline Pingatore ii BODIES BENDING BOUNDARIES: RELIGIOUS, SPIRITUAL, AND SECULAR IDENTITIES OF MODERN POSTURAL YOGA IN THE OZARKS Religious Studies Missouri State University, December 2015 Master of Arts Kimberley J.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERVIEW with B.K.S. IYENGAR on BACKBENDS 12/5/91 Questions Asked by Victor Oppenheimer and Patricia Walden
    INTERVIEW WITH B.K.S. IYENGAR ON BACKBENDS 12/5/91 Questions asked by Victor Oppenheimer and Patricia Walden These questions were asked during the teachers’ backbend intensive Mr. Iyengar taught in November-December, 1991. This intensive was videotaped, and some of the questions refer to the videotapes. The interview was transcribed and edited by Francie Ricks. Victor Oppenheimer: Why backbends? B.K.S. Iyengar: In the asana systems, the most advanced postures are the backbends. The human structure is such that the idea does not strike anyone that the spinal vertebrae can be moved backward as well as forward and sideways, without causing injury. In the field of yoga, backbends are not taught at the early stages in the practice of this art, but only when the body is trained and when it is tuned and toned to such an extent that it can accept these poses. Backbends are to be felt more than expressed. The other postures can be expressed and then felt. But in backbends, like meditations, each person has to feel. And that’s why I thought that after fifty years of teaching, at least some of my students should get the background of the right means to perform the backbends. Backbends are not poses meant for exhibitionism. Backbends are meant to understand the back parts of our bodies. The front body can be seen with the eyes. The back body cannot be seen; it can only be felt. That’s why I say these are the most advanced postures, where the mind begins to look at the back, first on the peripheral level, then inwards, towards the core.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative Sociology Review Volume VII, Issue 3 – December 2011
    Qualitative Sociology Review Volume VII, Issue 3 – December 2011 Krzysztof T. Konecki University of Lodz, Poland Book Review: Yoga Body. The Origins Of Modern Posture Practice by Marc Singleton. Oxford University Press, 2010 Contemporary interest in yoga in the West is for sure one of the reasons for Marc Singleton to write this book. This is a very important book because it fights the stereotype concerning origins of contemporary hatha-yoga practiced in the West. The book is a marvelous historical analysis of contemporary hatha-yoga development, the one we know in the West from popular hatha-yoga schools, commercials, celebrity images (i.e., Madonna, Sting, Jennifer Aniston, Drew Barrymore, Matthew McConaughey, etc.). After reading this book, yoga will no longer be the same, as we have perceived it earlier on as being an original Indian spiritual or physical practice. It turns out, that the West had a strong influence on the development of contemporary yoga, also the same as practiced in India. Contemporary yoga is also our, western and modern, invention. Yoga, especially the practice of asanas, has become a very popular activity in the western world. Yoga, focused on doing certain positions and physical exercises, has also become a huge business. Hatha-yoga styles and positions are often patented and protected by ownership and franchised. Equipment useful in yoga practice is sold and yoga positions are used in mobile phone commercials, yoghurt commercials and other commercials. According to Singleton, in 2008, only in the USA, practitioners spent 5.7 billion dollars on yoga lessons, holidays with yoga and products connected with practicing yoga, which is about half of Nepal’s gross national income (p.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Core Strengthening Moves with the Yoga Wheel
    8 Core Strengthening Moves with the Yoga Wheel Got a yoga wheel? Looking for ways to use it, instead of letting it accumulate dust in your prop corner? I was guilty of this until I took my first yoga wheel workshop and got comfortable playing around with it, and now I use my wheel for a lot more than just draping myself over top in a yummy backbend (which IS really nice, I’m not gonna lie). But, there are TONS of other ways to use your yoga wheel, and it’s super fun to get creative. This accumulation of poses focuses on strength building through the center of the body. Yes, the core. There, I said it. I almost hate to use the word “core” because I feel like it’s so fitness-based and overused. But….I do think core strength is actually really important to overall strength and staying out of pain. As I’ve entered my 40s, my low back pays the price if I neglect good-old-fashioned core work, as I’ll collapse into my lumbar curve. Also, I am a bit obsessed with arm balances and inversions, and core work is KEY to developing the strength to tackle these postures. When I practice these, I feel strong, free, and balanced…like I can take on the world. I hope these yoga wheel moves help you feel the same way! If you don’t have a wheel yet, I prefer the original Dharma Yoga Wheel, which you can get here. (Just FYI, this is an affiliate link, which means if you make a purchase using the link I may receive some love in return!) Without further ado, below are 8 postures using your yoga wheel to strengthen your core (and more).
    [Show full text]
  • Hot Yoga Pose Timings
    Hot Yoga Class Flow And Timing Sheet Sanskrit English First set Second set 1. Pranayama Breath Of Life 6 second inhale 10 breath cycles 6 second exhale 10 breath cycles 2. Arda Chandrasana Half Moon 45-60 sec 25-35 sec Backbend 10-20 sec 10-20 sec 3. Padahastasana Hands to Feet 30 sec 20 sec 4. Utktasana Awkward 10 sec per part 10 sec per part 5. Garurasana Eagle 10-20 sec 10-20 sec Water break 6. Dandayamana Standing Head To 60 sec 30 sec Janushirasana Knee 7. Dandayamana Standing Bow 60 sec 30 sec Dhanurasana 8. Tuladandasana Balancing Stick 10 sec 10 sec 9. Dandayamana Standing Separate Leg 30-40 sec 30-40 sec Bibhaktapada Intense Stretching Paschimottanasana 10. Trikanasana Triangle 20 sec 20 sec 11. Dandayamana Standing Separate Leg 20-30 sec 20-30 sec Bibhaktapada Head To Knee Janushirasana 12. Tadasana Tree 30 sec 13. Padangustasana Toe Stand 30 sec 14. Savasana (2 min) Dead Body/Corpse 120 sec 15. Pavanamuktasana Wind Removing Pose 20 secs all parts 10-20 secs each part 16. Sit-up Sit-up (! – no Sanskrit) 17. Bhujangasana Cobra 10 sec 10 sec 18. Salabhasana Half Locust 10 sec 10 sec 19. Poornasalabhasana Full Locust 10 sec 10 sec 20. Dhanurasana Bow (or Floor Bow) 20 sec 20 sec 21. Supta Vajrasana Fixed Firm 40 sec 40 sec 22. Ardha Kurmasana Half Tortoise 20 sec 20 sec 23. Ustrasana Camel 30-45 sec 20-30 sec 24. Sasangasana Rabbit 20-25 sec 20-25 sec 25. Janushirasana Head To Knee 20-40 sec 20-30 sec 26.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultimate Guide to Yoga for Healing
    HEAD & NECK ULTIMATE GUIDE TO YOGA FOR HEALING Hands and Wrists Head and Neck Digestion Shoulders and Irritable Bowel Hips & Pelvis Back Pain Feet and Knee Pain Ankles Page #1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Click on any of the icons throughout this guide to jump to the associated section. Head and Neck .................................................Page 3 Shoulders ......................................................... Page 20 Hands and Wrists .......................................... Page 30 Digestion and IBS ......................................... Page 39 Hips ..................................................................... Page 48 Back Pain ........................................................ Page 58 Knees ................................................................. Page 66 Feet .................................................................... Page 76 Page #2 HEAD & NECK Resolving Neck Tension DOUG KELLER Pulling ourselves up by our “neckstraps” is an unconscious, painful habit. The solution is surprisingly simple. When we carry ourselves with the head thrust forward, we create neck pain, shoul- der tension, even disc herniation and lower back problems. A reliable cue to re- mind ourselves how to shift the head back into a more stress-free position would do wonders for resolving these problems, but first we have to know what we’re up against. When it comes to keeping our head in the right place, posturally speaking, the neck is at something of a disadvantage. There are a number of forces at work that can easily pull the neck into misalignment, but only a few forces that maintain the delicate alignment of the head on the spine, allowing all the supporting muscles to work in harmony. Page #3 HEAD & NECK The problem begins with the large muscles that converge at the back of the neck and attach to the base of the skull. These include the muscles of the spine as well as those running from the top of the breastbone along the sides of the neck (the sternocleidomastoids) to the base of the head.
    [Show full text]
  • "Yoga Body: the Origins of Modern Posture Practice" De SINGLETON, M. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, Vol
    Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação ISSN: 1414-3283 [email protected] Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Brasil Siegel, Pamela; Filice de Barros, Nelson Reseña de "Yoga body: the origins of modern posture practice" de SINGLETON, M. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, vol. 16, núm. 42, septiembre, 2012, pp. 843-845 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180124621016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SINGLETON, M. Yoga body: the origins of modern posture practice. Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2010. livros Pamela Siegel1 Nelson Filice de Barros2 A prática de asanas (posturas) é um chifres, rodeada de animais, e sentada fenômeno que não tem paralelo nos com as pernas cruzadas, ilustrariam tempos pré-modernos; daí que uma imagem do deus Shiva, afirmação Singleton investiga a origem desta disputada por Doris Srinivasan (1984) e tendência e nos deleita com uma Geoffrey Samuel, entre outros. fascinante viagem no tempo. O livro, Segundo Singleton, a primeira de 262 páginas, tem nove capítulos. Na ocorrência do termo yoga aparece no Introdução, o autor explica que, em Katha Upanishad, aproximadamente no 2008, houve uma estimativa de que os século III a.C.; e ele continua citando praticantes de yoga nos EUA gastaram outras obras mais tardias onde vão 5,7 bilhões de dólares em aulas de aparecendo menções do yoga ou yoga, retiros e produtos a fins, por ano.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Transnational Yoga: a History of Spiritual Commodification
    Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses) Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies 8-2010 Modern Transnational Yoga: A History of Spiritual Commodification Jon A. Brammer Sacred Heart University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/rel_theses Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, and the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Brammer, Jon A., "Modern Transnational Yoga: A History of Spiritual Commodification" (2010). Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses). 29. https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/rel_theses/29 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Modern Transnational Yoga: A History of Spiritual Commodification Master's Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Religious Studies at Sacred Heart University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies Jon A. Brammer August 2010 This thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies Christel J. Manning, PhD., Professor of Religious Studies - ^ G l o Date Permission for reproducing this text, in whole or in part, for the purpose of individual scholarly consultation or other educational purposes is hereby granted by the author. This permission is not to be interpreted as granting publication rights for this work or otherwise placing it in the public domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanskrit for Yogis Pose Names Part 2 by White Crow Yoga
    Sanskrit for Yogis Pose Names Part 2 by White Crow Yoga Sanskrit for Common Poses 1. Ardha Chandrasana – (are-dah chahn-DRAHS-anna) Balancing Half Moon 2. Ardha Chakrasana – (are-DAH chah-KRAH-sah-nah) Standing Backbend or Half Wheel 3. Natarajasana – (not-ah-raj-AHS-anna) Dancer’s Pose 4. Dandayamna Bharmanasana - (dahn–dah–yam–na BAR-man-AHS-anna) Spinal Balance, this may also be used for “All 4’s Pose” or what some call “Table Top” 5. Ustrasana – (oosh-TRAHS-anna) Camel 6. Dhanurasana – (dahn-yoor-AHS-anna) Bow 7. Matsyasana – (mot-see-AHS-anna) Fish 8. Urdhva Dhanurasana or Chakrasana – (OORD-vah don-your-AHS-anna or chah- KRAH-sah-nah) Upward Bow or Wheel Pose 9. Baddha Utthita Parsvakonasana – (BAH-dah oo-TEET-uh parsh-vah-kohn-AHS-anna, sometimes pronounced pars-vah instead of parsh-va) Bound Extended Side Angle 10. Jathara Parivartanasana – (jah-thah-rah par-ee-vrit-tah-NAHS-anna) Supine Spinal Twist 11. Vakrasana – (vock-RAHS-anna) Gentle Seated Twist 12. Mrigasana – (mrig-GAHS-anna) Deer Pose 13. Bhunamanasana – (boo-nam-an-AHS-anna) Greeting the Earth 14. Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana – (oo-TEET-uh HAWS-tuh pod-ang-goosh-TAHS-anna) Hand to Big Toe Pose 15. Utkata Konasana – (OOT-kat-ah cone-AHS-anna) Goddess Pose 16. Malasana – (mah-LAHS-anna) Garland Pose 17. Garundasana – (gah-rue-DAHS-anna) Eagle Pose 18. Krounchasana – (crown-CHAHS-anna) Heron 19. Vasisthasana – (vah-sish-TAHS-anna) Side Plank 20. Svarga Dvijansana – (SHWAR-ga dwi-JAS-anna or dvee-JAS-anna) Bird of Paradise 21.
    [Show full text]