Introduction the Common Froghopper Or Spittlebug Philaenus Spumarius Has Been Identified As the Main Vector of a Bacteria Called

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Introduction the Common Froghopper Or Spittlebug Philaenus Spumarius Has Been Identified As the Main Vector of a Bacteria Called

Survey of Xylella Vectors & Their Host Plant Preferences In Scotland Lester K, Cairns, R, Murphy, K, Serrano, J and Kenyon, D E: [email protected] http://www.sasa.gov.uk/diagnostics/bacteriology/xylella-fastidiosa Introduction The common froghopper or spittlebug Philaenus spumarius has been identified as the main vector of a bacteria called Xylella in Europe. Xylella is the cause of several serious plant diseases and has been recently identified as an emerging problem causing Quick Olive Decline Syndrome. The disease is not currently found in the UK but by improving our understanding of the biology of the vector we have a better chance of preventing the spread of the disease. Material and Methods Citizen Science: Chronological information: Identification: In 2018, records of host Every 2 weeks ‘spittle’ was A combination of plants were collected by the counted from 30 quadrats morphological identification general public from 75 sites. along 4 different 100m and molecular barcoding Samples were from a range transects. Adults were of plants and insects. of managed habitats e.g. sampled using a sweep net. gardens as well as natural habitats. Results & Conclusion Philaenus spumarius are highly polyphagous and were identified on over 93 different plant species from 39 families. e es ss The most common garden host a oacea recorded was lavender and the Gr most common natural hosts e Asteracea were grasses (Poaceae). & dandelions tles Further work is still required his nar to investigate if adults aceae B illoher migrate into the tree ram Ros b les canopy in the UK as aceae & nettles they do elsewhere in Europe. N at sts ura ho l hab plant 700 itat Philaenus sp. (nymph) 600 Neophilaenus sp. (nymph) Aphrophora sp. (nymph) 500 Philaenus sp. (adults) Neophilaenus sp. (adults) e cea int 400 Aphrophora sp. (adults) ia m r & am aenda 300 Ros Ros 200 Pr aceae e & s iet tr ADULTS aerr nar leaceae ors y 100 illohe a thia ceae r 0 b etc M May June July August Sept Oct a ts n os ‘Spittle’ counts and number of adult insects age t h d habitat plan.

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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA Animal Personality
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA Animal personality shapes the outcome of species interactions and thereby the structure of ecosystems A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology by James Leo Loving Lichtenstein Committee in charge: Professor Erika Eliason, Chair Professor Hillary Young Professor Adrian Stier September 2020 The dissertation of James Leo Loving Lichtenstein is approved. _____________________________________________ Adrian Stier _____________________________________________ Hillary Young _____________________________________________ Erika Eliason, Chair August 2020 Acknowledgements: Funding for this research was provided by the University of California Santa Barbara, the Pape and McKinley Foundations of the University of Pittsburgh, the National Science Foundation grant awards to J.N.P. (1352705 and 1455895), and a National Institutes of Health grant awarded to J.N.P (R01GM115509). I thank the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology of the University of Pittsburgh for patiently hosting these outlandish projects over the years. I particularly want to thank Dr. Cori Zawacki, Chris Davis, Jessica Barabas, Nick Mihailoff, Glenn Robinson, and Linda Fries for their help in getting these projects off the ground. I thank Jonathan Pruitt for his erstwhile help and support in many aspects of this work. Finally, I thank Erika Eliason, Hillary Young, and Adrian Stier for being on my committee. Copyright notice: Chapter 2, “The multidimensional behavioral hypervolumes of two interacting species predict their space use and survival” and Chapter 3, “Habitat structure changes the relationships between predator behavior, prey behavior, and prey survival rates” are reproductions of the following two articles respectively: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.08.010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04344-w.
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Electrophysiological and Behavioural Response of Philaenus Spumarius To
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Revealed by Genomic and Morphological Data
Population structure, adaptation and divergence of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae), revealed by genomic and morphological data Sofia G. Seabra1, Ana S.B. Rodrigues1, Sara E. Silva1, Ana Carina Neto2, Francisco Pina-Martins1, Eduardo Marabuto1, Vinton Thompson3, Michael R. Wilson4, Selcuk¸ Yurtsever5, Antti Halkka6, Maria Teresa Rebelo2, Paulo A.V. Borges7, José A. Quartau1, Chris D. Jiggins8 and Octávio S. Paulo1 1 E3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facul- dade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 2 CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 3 American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA 4 National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom 5 Trakya University, Biology Department, Science Faculty, Edirne, Turkey 6 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 7 cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Acores,¸ Angra do Heroísmo, Acores,¸ Portugal 8 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Understanding patterns of population differentiation and gene flow in insect vectors of plant diseases is crucial for the implementation of management programs of disease. We investigated morphological and genome-wide variation across the distribution range of the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Submitted 30 November 2020 Accepted 17 April 2021 Auchenorrhyncha, Aphrophoridae), presently the most important vector of the Published 1 June 2021 plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., 1987 in Europe.
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Philaenus-Spumarius.Pdf
Fact sheet 2016/11 Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Meadow froghopper / Meadow spittlebug DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES Visual key The meadow spittlebug belongs to family Aphrophoridae Philaenus spumarius Other related species Observation on dry specimens Hind tibia with row of Hind Tibia wit h two lateral spurs ❶ bristles Cercopidae and APHROPHORIDAE Cicadellidae ❶ Fore wings never with Fore wings with red red colouring colouring marqué rouge Photos : Anses, LSV Adults size : 5.3 to 6.0 mm for males/ 5.4 to 6.9 mm for females Eliminate specimens smaller than 5 mm Photos : G. Kunz Cercopis Photos : G. Kunz and bigger than 7 mm Pronotum as wide as Pronotum wider than the head the head APHROPHORIDAE Cercopidae Pronotum and vertex ❷ Pronotum and vertex ❸ without median keel with median keel Photos : Anses, LSV Larvae : 5 larval instars Difficult to identify ❷ ❸ COLOR POLYMORPHISM Photos : G. Kunz ❸ ❷ Photos : G. Kunz Photos : G. Kunz Large color variation from light grey to blackish. Most typical Other form : yellow-green with indistinct dark lines Aphrophora spp. APHROPHORIDAE POSSIBLE CONFUSIONS Body shape compact. Fore wings rounded ❹ Could be confused with related genus of the family as: Aphrophora spp., Neophilaenus spp.and Lepyronia coleoptrata HOST PLANTS AND SYMPTOMS ❹ Abundant on a large number of trees, shrubs and low ❹ plants. Secondary pest on lavender ( Lavandula ) and on a Photos : G. Kunz wide variety of ornamental plants: Aster , Berberis , Lepyronia coleoptrata Campanula , Chrysanthemum , Coreopsis , Lychnis , Mahonia , Phlox , Rosa , Rudbeckia , Solidago . Common on ruderal plants (country lanes and roadside flora) Outer margin of Damage: Outer margin of fore wing ❺ forewing with the first ❻ convex third concave Deformations and wilting of young shoots of host plants, sometimes malformations of flowers.
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o__ri Sl{f- 1 ~S ,CG Ecology and Evolution of Communities Martin L. Cody N ,..... and Jared M Diamond!' 00 o::t Editors 0) o::t 0 0 0 I!) I!),..... (") (") The Belknap Press of Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, Press England ARLIS Alaska Resources Library & Information Services Anchorage . .£\Jaska 17 Variations on a Theme G. Evelyn Hutchinson 17 A 1 by Robert MacArthur that ' same long ( same other. staten Scientists are perennially aware that it is on some aspects of polymorphism, the exclw best not to trust theory until it is confirmed very elementary theory imported from likewi by evidence. It is equally true, as Eddington population genetics has been most useful, occup pointed out, that it is best not to put too but it seems possible that something ecoloJ much faith in facts until they have been deeper may be waiting in the wings. In in a c confirmed by theory. This is why scientists the fourth section, two rather large and are reluctant to believe in ESP in spite of of Bi relatively unexplored themes are consid indisputable facts. This is also why group relate selection is in such dispute among evolu ered; they are characterized by their ubi gethe tionists. Only when a reasonable theory can quity in ecology, yet are exceptional in that concl account for these facts will scientists believe virtually no attention, theoretical or ob of la them. Ecology is now in the position where servational and experimental, has been unifc the facts are confirmed by theory and the paid to them.
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Insects-11-00607-V2.Pdf
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