DOCSLIB.ORG

Tuber Yield and Leaf Mineral Composition of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) Grown Under Different Cropping Practices M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tuber Yield and Leaf Mineral Composition of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) Grown Under Different Cropping Practices M Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2007 5(4), 545-553 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X Tuber yield and leaf mineral composition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) grown under different cropping practices M. A. Rodrigues*, L. Sousa, J. E. Cabanas and M. Arrobas Mountain Research Centre (CIMO). Escola Superior Agrária. 5301-855 Bragança. Portugal Abstract Jerusalem artichoke is commonly grown for its edible tubers, livestock feed and as an ornamental. The possibility of growing Jerusalem artichoke for energetic purposes has aroused scientific interest in this species. Despite several studies that have already been done in the last few decades, many aspects of the cropping practice are still relatively unknown. During the growing seasons of 2004-2006 field trials were carried out in NE Portugal. In the experimental period different cropping conditions were imposed, regarding planting density, N fertilization and propagation method. The crop was irrigated in 2004 and 2005 and grown in rain-fed conditions in 2006. The planting densities were 7 plants m-2 in 2004, 2, 3 and 4 plants m-2 in 2005 and 2 and 4 plants m-2 in 2006. Botanical-seed was used in 2005 and seed- tubers in all the three years. In 2005, 0 and 100 kg N ha-1 was combined in a factorial design with the planting densities. The maximum tuber dry matter yield was 18.4 Mg ha-1 (65.6 Mg ha-1, fresh weight basis) and it was recorded in 2005 in the plots where 100 kg N ha-1, 2 plants m-2 and seed-tubers were combined. The best planting density was 2 plants m-2 in irrigated (2005) and rain-fed (2006) conditions. Nitrogen significantly increased tuber yield in 2005 only when seed-tubers were used. Averaged across N fertilization rates and planting densities mean tuber dry matter yields were 12.8 and 6.9 Mg ha-1 for seed-tuber and botanical-seed, respectively. Leaf mineral composition was little affected by cropping practices. The ‘Bragança’clone showed high tuber yield potential, although the mean weight of the individual tubers was low which could make mechanization of the harvest difficult. The poor results achieved with botanical- seed argue against its use as an alternative to the seed-tubers. Additional key words: botanical-seed, leaf mineral composition, nitrogen fertilisation, planting density, seed-tuber. Resumen Producción de tubérculos y composición mineral en hojas de pataca (Helianthus tuberosus L.) utilizando diferentes prácticas de cultivo La pataca se cultiva por sus tubérculos comestibles, también se utiliza como forraje y como planta ornamental. La perspectiva de que se pueda cultivar con fines energéticos ha incrementado el interés por esta especie. En los años 2004-2006 se han efectuado experimentos de campo en el NE Portugal, mediante ensayos de diferentes condiciones de cultivo, en cuanto a densidad de plantación, fertilización nitrogenada y métodos de propagación. La plantación se regó en 2004 y en 2005 y se cultivó en secano en 2006. Las densidades de plantación fueron de 7 plantas m-2 en 2004, 2, 3 y 4 plantas m-2 en 2005 y 2 y 4 plantas m-2 en 2006. Se utilizaron propágulos vegetativos en los tres años de en- sayo y semilla botánica en 2005. Respecto al N se utilizaron dos tratamientos (0 y 100 kg N ha-1) combinados de for- ma factorial con las densidades de plantación. La máxima producción de materia seca en tubérculos fue de 18,4 Mg ha-1 (65,6 Mg ha-1, en peso fresco) y se obtuvo en las parcelas en las que se combinaron 100 kg N ha-1, 2 plantas m-2 y propágulos vegetativos. La mejor densidad de plantación fue de 2 plantas m-2, tanto en regadío como en secano. La aplicación de nitrógeno aumentó significativamente la producción, pero sólo cuando se utilizaron propágulos vege- tativos. Con propágulos vegetativos y semilla botánica se obtuvieron producciones medias de materia seca de 12,8 y 6,9 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. La composición mineral de las hojas se vio poco afectada por la técnica de cultivo. El clon ‘Bragança’ ha mostrado elevado potencial de producción, aunque el peso medio de los tubérculos individuales haya sido bajo, lo que puede dificultar la mecanización de la cosecha. Los bajos resultados obtenidos a partir de se- milla botánica disuaden su uso en alternativa a los propágulos vegetativos. Palabras clave adicionales: composición mineral de las hojas, densidad de plantación, fertilización nitrogenada, semilla botánica, tubérculo-semilla. * Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 05-04-07; Accepted: 17-09-07. 546 M. A. Rodrigues et al. / Span J Agric Res (2007) 5(4), 545-553 Introduction manual «Plant Analysis Handbook» by Mills and Jones (1996). Thus, it is an important target to gather infor- Jerusalem artichoke is a native plant of the North mation on leaf mineral composition that will help in American plains cultivated for different purposes in the fertiliser recommendations in the future for this many countries. Jerusalem artichoke accumulates high particular species. levels of fructans in their stems and tubers. Fructans and the fructose resulting from fructans hydrolysis can be used in human diet or in medical and industrial Material and Methods applications (Schittenhelm, 1999; Monti et al., 2005). Jerusalem artichoke is considered one of the primary The field trial took place on Sta. Apolónia experi- sources for inulin in higher plants (Saengthongpinit mental farm located in Bragança, NE Portugal (41°48’N, and Sajjaanantakul, 2005). Its protein has high food 6°44’W), during the summer seasons of 2004, 2005 value due to the presence of almost all essential amino and 2006. The regional clone ‘Bragança’of Jerusalem acids but also due to their good balance (Rakhimov et artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) was used in the al., 2003). Another potential use of this species is as a experiments. The soil is an eutric Cambisol, sandy forage crop. Jerusalem artichoke is considered a suitable loam textured, with 10 g kg-1 of organic matter and pH livestock feed (Seiler and Campbell, 2004). In the last (H2O) 5.8. Extractable soil P and K (ammonium lactate decades Jerusalem artichoke has been considered as a and acetic acid) levels in the plots used in this 3-yr trial biomass crop for ethanol because it commonly produces were in the range of 35 to 45 mg kg-1 for P and 85 to high levels of carbohydrates (Denoroy, 1996). The 100 mg kg-1 for K. Local climate is Mediterranean type, production of biogas from biomass is also economically warm and dry during the summer season. Weekly pre- viable under certain conditions (Gunnarson et al., cipitations and mean weekly temperatures are shown 1985). The possibility of growing Jerusalem arti- in Figure 1. Maize (Zea mays L.) grown for silage was choke for energy has aroused the scientific interest in always the preceding crop to the Jerusalem artichoke this crop. in the three years of the experiments. Portugal imports the main raw materials usually A preliminary experiment was carried out in 2004. used in other countries to produce bio-ethanol, such The main objectives were to obtain enough botanical- as maize and small grains. Portugal also imports sugar seed for the next year and to get some information on derived from cane or sugar beet. Considering that Jeru- the basic cropping practices. Whole tubers within the salem artichoke is a hardy crop that may be cultivated weight range of 20 to 25 g each were used in the experi- at low cost with simple input techniques and, eventually, ments. In 2004, 7 tubers m-2 were hand-planted in 7 rows without irrigation (Monti et al., 2005), it is imperative of 15 m long and 70 cm row-spaced. Planting was carried to test its potential as an alternative crop for marginal out on 22 March. Each one of the three internal rows lands that has been cultivated in the past with poor was used as a replication for tuber yield evaluation and returns. Jerusalem artichoke seems to be also little crop nutritional status analysis. Nitrogen, phosphorus affected by weed infestation. The high weed competi- and potassium were applied in the rates of 100, 20 and tiveness of this species is attributable to the rapid growth 40 kg ha-1, respectively, based on the results of pre-plant and enormous final plant size, eliminating most of the soil analysis and taking into account the nutritional weeds by shade (Schittenhelm, 1999). needs of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The crop Despite the actual interest in Jerusalem artichoke, was sprinkler irrigated during the season. The crop was studies that evaluate field performances of this crop irrigated simultaneously with maize grown in a neigh- are still scarce. The objective of this study is to gather bouring field. Depth and interval irrigation applica- information on cropping practices such as planting tion were estimated for maize according to the FAO density, nitrogen fertilisation and irrigation, by using methods (Allen et al., 1998). Total water supplied in a high productive clone of the Jerusalem artichoke usually 2004 accounted for 430 mm. Weeds were chemically cultivated as an ornamental plant in the gardens of the controlled using glyphosate, following the protection Bragança region in NE Portugal. Leaf mineral compo- of the Jerusalem artichoke plants with inverted pots, sition of Jerusalem artichoke plants is also provided. when plants had two pairs of true leaves. Sclerotinia As far as we know, there is no available information sclerotiorum was controlled by using iprodione at on this species in the literature, including the reference flower initiation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Invasive Weeds of the Appalachian Region
    $10 $10 PB1785 PB1785 Invasive Weeds Invasive Weeds of the of the Appalachian Appalachian Region Region i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………...i How to use this guide…………………………………ii IPM decision aid………………………………………..1 Invasive weeds Grasses …………………………………………..5 Broadleaves…………………………………….18 Vines………………………………………………35 Shrubs/trees……………………………………48 Parasitic plants………………………………..70 Herbicide chart………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………..73 Index………………………………………………………..76 AUTHORS Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill, Extension Assistant, The University of Tennessee Gregory R. Armel, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist for Invasive Weeds, The University of Tennessee Robert J. Richardson, Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, North Caro- lina State University G. Neil Rhodes, Jr., Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, The University of Ten- nessee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all the individuals and organizations who have contributed their time, advice, financial support, and photos to the crea- tion of this guide. We would like to specifically thank the USDA, CSREES, and The Southern Region IPM Center for their extensive support of this pro- ject. COVER PHOTO CREDITS ii 1. Wavyleaf basketgrass - Geoffery Mason 2. Bamboo - Shawn Askew 3. Giant hogweed - Antonio DiTommaso 4. Japanese barberry - Leslie Merhoff 5. Mimosa - Becky Koepke-Hill 6. Periwinkle - Dan Tenaglia 7. Porcelainberry - Randy Prostak 8. Cogongrass - James Miller 9. Kudzu - Shawn Askew Photo credit note: Numbers in parenthesis following photo captions refer to the num- bered photographer list on the back cover. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Tabs: Blank tabs can be found at the top of each page. These can be custom- ized with pen or marker to best suit your method of organization. Examples: Infestation present On bordering land No concern Uncontrolled Treatment initiated Controlled Large infestation Medium infestation Small infestation Control Methods: Each mechanical control method is represented by an icon.
    [Show full text]
  • John Mccone and the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy
    C061B5413 Approved for Release: 2014/09/29 C06185413 •' •' , S&GRIH'!JNOFORN Death of a President (U) DCI John McCone and the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy David Robarge (U) In recognition ofthe .50th anniversary ofthe assassination ofPresident John F. Kennedy on 22 November 1963, Studies in Intelligence reprints the below, which originally appeared as a chajJter in ChiefHistorian Da\tld Robarge:S bookJohn McCone as Director ofCentral Intelligence, 1961-1?65, published by the Center for the Study ofIntelligence in 200.5. (U) Misconceptions abound regarding CIA~ connection to the assas· sination and its role in subsequent investigations, contributing to the foct that, according to a recent polltalrm by the History Chan· (U) Walter Elder dashed nel, 71 percent ofthe American public still believes that Kennedy's in and cried'' out, 'The del:lth reniltedfrom a conspiracy. president's been shot/' ·(U) Robarge tells a very different story about Cl.A!! immediDte response to the assassination, ils interaction wilh the FBI and War­ ren Commission, the surprise appearance ofKGB defector Htri Nosenko with troubling information about Lee Harvey Oswald, and DC/ McCone's involvement with later inquiries about Kennedy's '' murder. Nothing in tlie numerous books and articles about the ass~sination that have appeared since the publication ofMcCone has materially changed any ofRobarge~ conclusions. (S) Jolut McCone and Lyman K.irk7 leaving, over hu1th, wanted to talk patrick, the Agency's Executive about the PFIAB meeting with his Director-Comptroller, met with Presi· senior deputies. They were eating in dent's Foreign Intelligence Advisory the French Room, a smaJI space next Boanl (PFIAB) through the morning .to the director•s office, when of22 November 1963.
    [Show full text]
  • Inion of Rnrrra Osmi All Over Tat Rounded by Practically All the Mem- Holmes August 19 (1), W
    BjsWv KiM. :V- Is fcalMk.. VUM P U- - J mm4 tt VOL. LXXVIII. WOODVILLE, MISS., SATURDAY, ,1ULY 25, 1903. NO. 9. Hot Ttmss Afisadl fse4 and revsreatty kaelt aa4 PROPIttlOKALCAVBS. The clo?ing two weeks of the hinsea the pope's bar 4. State campaign prossbe to be tht Xo word was spoken. Tha only CROSS, Mississippi broke the OR. C C State News warmest ever recorded in the politi- iimn eund which the ailenra ef in cal history death room the rattla of the arau ii. of Mississippi. Hi u i Since the incipiency of the cam- After Remarkable Fight Against of tha acble gwaH. who were sta- Ifififement Between tha Venerea Dentist, tha every pontiff" paign there has been tioned at door of tha County Institute. gins. MUs Emma French; primary a continued Grim Reaper Bead of Catholic private apartments, it being their laa Forces and Rerolntioalata CftDTILLE, MISS. display of high spirit, and deep in- board of education last privileges and under Cp-sU- The State Sharkey Church right the at Cludad Bolivar. Office: ir ic MeGehee BsCdtaf August 24 (1). J. J. Hug-gin- terest has been manifested by Pasa Away. week rae out the announcement of tha to take possesaloa ef tha voters in the chances of their res pec-th- e apartments and usrd body of tie institutes and tie institute con- Y.UOO July tt (2). W. C. Bams. f tht Miss Frances L. candidates, but what has been t pope. ductors appointed for the coming Ellison; primary (2) ALussT vitality. imREIT ViCTCRT FM THE FCHMU.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen-King-Book-List
    BOOK NERD ALERT: STEPHEN KING ULTIMATE BOOK SELECTIONS *Short stories and poems on separate pages Stand-Alone Novels Carrie Salem’s Lot Night Shift The Stand The Dead Zone Firestarter Cujo The Plant Christine Pet Sematary Cycle of the Werewolf The Eyes Of The Dragon The Plant It The Eyes of the Dragon Misery The Tommyknockers The Dark Half Dolan’s Cadillac Needful Things Gerald’s Game Dolores Claiborne Insomnia Rose Madder Umney’s Last Case Desperation Bag of Bones The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon The New Lieutenant’s Rap Blood and Smoke Dreamcatcher From a Buick 8 The Colorado Kid Cell Lisey’s Story Duma Key www.booknerdalert.com Last updated: 7/15/2020 Just After Sunset The Little Sisters of Eluria Under the Dome Blockade Billy 11/22/63 Joyland The Dark Man Revival Sleeping Beauties w/ Owen King The Outsider Flight or Fright Elevation The Institute Later Written by his penname Richard Bachman: Rage The Long Walk Blaze The Regulators Thinner The Running Man Roadwork Shining Books: The Shining Doctor Sleep Green Mile The Two Dead Girls The Mouse on the Mile Coffey’s Heads The Bad Death of Eduard Delacroix Night Journey Coffey on the Mile The Dark Tower Books The Gunslinger The Drawing of the Three The Waste Lands Wizard and Glass www.booknerdalert.com Last updated: 7/15/2020 Wolves and the Calla Song of Susannah The Dark Tower The Wind Through the Keyhole Talisman Books The Talisman Black House Bill Hodges Trilogy Mr. Mercedes Finders Keepers End of Watch Short
    [Show full text]
  • Using Plant Evidence to Aid in Forensic Death Investigation
    FORENSIC SCIENCE Forensic Botany: Using Plant Evidence to Aid in Forensic Death Investigation Heather Miller Coyle1, Cheng-Lung Lee2,3,Wen-YuLin4,HenryC.Lee1,5, Timothy M. Palmbach1 1Forensic Science Program, University of New Haven, West Haven, Conn, USA; 2Criminal Investigation Department Hsinchu Municipal Police Bureau, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 3Nuclear Science Department National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 4Forensic Science Center, Taipei City Police Department, Taipei, Taiwan; and 5Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Conn, USA Croat Med J 2005;46(4):606-612 Abstract Forensic botany is still an under-utilized resource in forensic casework, although it has been used on occasion. It is an area of specialty science that could include traditional botanical classification of spe- cies, DNA, or materials evidence (trace and transfer evidence), crime mapping or geo-sourcing, all de- pendent on the specific case application under consideration. Critical to the evaluation of plant evi- dence is careful collection, documentation, and preservation for later scientific analysis. This article reviews proper procedures and recent cases where botanical evidence played a role in establishing ei- ther manner or time of death. Plant evidence can be useful for determining if a death was due to an acci- dent, suicide, or homicide, or what time of year burial may have taken place. In addition, plant evi- dence can be used to determine if a crime scene is a primary or secondary scene and to locate missing bodies. Ultimately the value of botanical evi- tutional knowledge nor checklists will provide a dence in a forensic investigation will depend on crime scene investigator with the requisite skills, what transpired or was overlooked at the crime ensuring that all key evidence is recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing the Waters
    June 2011 Testing the Waters A Guide to Water Quality at Vacation Beaches twenty-first AnnuA l r eport Authors Mark Dorfman Kirsten Sinclair Rosselot Project Design and Development Jon Devine Natural Resources Defense Council About NRDC The Natural Resources Defense Council is an international nonprofit environmental organization with more than 1.3 million members and online activists. Since 1970, our lawyers, scientists, and other environmental specialists have worked to protect the world’s natural resources, public health, and the environment. NRDC has offices in New York City, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Montana, and Beijing. Visit us at www.nrdc.org. Acknowledgments NRDC wishes to acknowledge the support of the Morris & Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation, the Campbell Foundation, Environment Now, the McKnight Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Pisces Foundation, Resources Legacy Fund Foundation, the Summit Fund of Washington, and the TOSA Foundation. NRDC would like to thank Josh Mogerman and Robyn Fischer for researching and reviewing various aspects of the report this year and Carol James for distributing the report nationwide. Thank you to Alexandra Kennaugh for managing the production of the report, to Elise Marton for proofreading the report, to Sue Rossi for designing it, and to Kathryn McGrath, Will Tam, and Auden Shim for creating a dynamic presentation of the report on the NRDC website. We would also like to thank Ynes Cabral and Linda Escalante for their skillful Spanish translations. Many thanks to members of our media team—Courtney Hamilton, Elizabeth Heyd, Valerie Jaffee, Jessica Lass, Josh Mogerman, Jenny Powers, and Kate Slusark—for orchestrating the release of the report to the press.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTIGUA and BARBUDA: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig,1996)
    ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig,1996) Prepared by: Lesroy C. Grant Dunbars, October 1995 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 6 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 6 1.1.1 Location 6 1.1.2 Area 6 1.1.3 Population 7 1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHICAL FEATURES 7 1.2.1 Antigua 7 1.2.2 Barbuda 8 1.2.3 Soils 8 1.2.4 Rainfall 9 1.2.5 Temperature 9 1.2.6 Main Forest Types 9 1.3 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 11 1.3.1 General Introduction to Farming Systems 11 1.3.2 Cotton 12 1.3.3 Fruits
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Annual Report Boulder County Coroner’S Office
    2018 ANNUAL REPORT BOULDER COUNTY CORONER’S OFFICE Emma R. Hall Boulder County Coroner 5610 Flatiron Parkway Boulder, CO 80301 Phone: 303-441-3535 / Fax: 303-441-4535 www.bouldercounty.org/dept/coroner 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Mission Statement ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Function of the Office .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Boulder County Coroner Badge ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Staff ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Facilities ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Description of Reportable Cases ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Breeding and in Situutilization of Palm Trees
    Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.42, n.2,Plant p.261-269, breeding fev, and 2012 in situ utilization of palm trees. 261 ISSN 0103-8478 Plant breeding and in situ utilization of palm trees Melhoramento genético e utilização in situ de palmeiras Mercedes RivasI Rosa Lía BarbieriII Luciano Carlos da MaiaIII - REVIEW - ABSTRACT espécies estão submetidas a programas de melhoramento genético e são cultivadas a nível mundial. Este é o caso da The palm tree family (Arecaceae) is constituted by palmeira de dendê (Elaeis guineensis), na qual consórcios de approximately 3000 species mainly distributed in the tropics investimento e desenvolvimento investem altas quantias de and subtropics. As a source of a variety of products they dinheiro. Outro tipo de palmeira cultivada é a tamareira contribute to the world and local economies, and also to peoples (Phoenix dactylifera), a qual foi domesticada milhares de anos lifestyles. Historically their use has been based on wild atrás e cujo sucesso está baseado na exportação de produtos populations, but also on local domestication. Very few species com reconhecimento mundial. Nesse caso, a produção está are subject of plant breeding programs and are cultivated in baseada em variedades tradicionais e os programas de the world. This is the case of the African oil palm (Elaeis melhoramento ainda são incipientes. Um terceiro grupo de guineensis), in which investment and development consortiums palmeiras inclui aquelas espécies cujos produtos são obtidos e invest high sums. Another kind of crop is the date palm (Phoenix manufaturados para o desenvolvimento local. O objetivo desta dactylifera), which was domesticated thousand of years ago revisão bibliográfica é contribuir para a análise de and whose success is based in the export of a fine product with oportunidades e fragilidades no investimento em domesticação worldwide recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • Christmas Traditions by Mona Gudgel
    News from The Monterey County Historical Society December 2005 Christmas Traditions by Mona Gudgel POINSETTIA Poinsettia, the Christmas Flower, casts a magical spell, Making all things happy and all things well The poinsettia originated in Mexico. The Latin name is Euphorbia pulcherri- ma. The traditional Mexican name is Flor de Noche Buena (Christmas Eve Flower). The legend is that a poor Mexican girl Maria and her brother Pablo were not able to leave gifts for the baby Jesus at the manger scene during the annual Mex- ican Christmas festival. One Christmas Eve Maria and Pablo, on their way to church, picked some weeds growing a long the roadside to place as a gift to the baby Jesus. As they proudly laid the leaves around the manger a miracle happened, and the leaves of the weed turned into brilliant red petals. The bright petals of the poinsettia give the illusion of being flowers, but are really leaves in solid red, white or pink that surround the cluster of yellow flo- rets, which are the true blossom. In ancient Mexico the blood red leaves were placed on the chests of those Founded December 22, 1933. Incorporated 1955. P.O. Box 3576, Salinas, CA 93912. (831) 757-8085. suffering heart diseases to help circulation and perform miracles such as providing fertility to were used as a poultice for treating skin infec- humans and animals, to healing diseases and tions. protecting people from witchcraft. In Mexico today a rich, dark beer is made Kissing under the mistletoe has been asso- from the leaves and distributed only during the ciated with primitive marriage rites believing Christmas season.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Annual Report Boulder County Coroner’S Office
    2017 ANNUAL REPORT BOULDER COUNTY CORONER’S OFFICE Emma R. Hall Boulder County Coroner 5610 Flatiron Parkway Boulder, CO 80301 Phone: 303-441-3535 / Fax: 303-441-4535 www.bouldercounty.org/dept/coroner 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Mission Statement ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Function of the Office .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Boulder County Coroner Badge ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Staff ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Facilities ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Description of Reportable Cases ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas Revised & Updated – with More Species and Expanded Control Guidance
    Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas Revised & Updated – with More Species and Expanded Control Guidance National Park Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1 I N C H E S 2 Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, 4th ed. Authors Jil Swearingen National Park Service National Capital Region Center for Urban Ecology 4598 MacArthur Blvd., N.W. Washington, DC 20007 Britt Slattery, Kathryn Reshetiloff and Susan Zwicker U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chesapeake Bay Field Office 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr. Annapolis, MD 21401 Citation Swearingen, J., B. Slattery, K. Reshetiloff, and S. Zwicker. 2010. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, 4th ed. National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC. 168pp. 1st edition, 2002 2nd edition, 2004 3rd edition, 2006 4th edition, 2010 1 Acknowledgements Graphic Design and Layout Olivia Kwong, Plant Conservation Alliance & Center for Plant Conservation, Washington, DC Laurie Hewitt, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD Acknowledgements Funding provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation with matching contributions by: Chesapeake Bay Foundation Chesapeake Bay Trust City of Bowie, Maryland Maryland Department of Natural Resources Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council National Capital Area Garden Clubs Plant Conservation Alliance The Nature Conservancy, Maryland–DC Chapter Worcester County, Maryland, Department of Comprehensive Planning Additional Fact Sheet Contributors Laurie Anne Albrecht (jetbead) Peter Bergstrom (European
    [Show full text]