of thecityafter dark. and darkness tocreate memorableexperiences Speirs +Majorare designerswhoworkwithlight www.speirsandmajor.com

© 2012 Speirs and Major Associates. James Newton Photography. Desi

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Urban DesignGroupJournal Issn 1750712x—£5.00 Temporary Spring 2012 NewsUDG Update

The proposal to re-pave the route as a extended piazza, vastly improving the set- view from the single surface was brave and controversial. tings of some of ’s most popular build- It is now complete and being embraced ings as well as encouraging people to walk chair by pedestrians. Car users negotiate warily further along the street just for pleasure. across unfamiliar diagonal patterned paving, Are there any criticisms? Most of the rather than kerb-and-channel and yellow obvious problems are easily solved by adding paint. stuff – more benches, cycle stands and motor Championing excellent design quality in - While not a shared space or surface – the bike parks for instance. A more difficult issue lic realm projects is a notion that could easily carriageways, parking spaces and pedestrian is the lack of trees and the familiar under- be overlooked by local authorities given areas (though not cycle lanes) are separate ground services excuse does not make sense current economic pressures. It is hearten- and subtly delineated – the unifying paving with such a wide road and existing trees beg- ing to see the promotion of design quality in pattern and increased pedestrian space gives ging the question. the public sector projects for the recent UDG greater confidence to people to fully occupy But these points notwithstanding, the Awards, and a flagship public realm project and meander across the carriageway at will. high quality transformation of this well- come to fruition through the efforts of one The over-scaled diagonals track across known street into a genuine place is clearly local authority. pedestrian areas, carriageways and parking a triumph for Kensington and Chelsea in The flagship project is the transforma- spaces, comfortably dominating the field particular, as the instigators of the change. tion of Exhibition Road in London, sitting of vision at ground level, while the central We can only hope that the project points the within the Royal Borough of Kensington and lighting shafts create strong verticals, suc- way for more public sector-led public realm Chelsea, and the of Westminster. This cessfully reflecting the classical and modern projects at all scales and various locations street connects Hyde Park to the heart of columns on the museums and a new Imperial around the country. Kensington and Chelsea, the Natural History College building. Amanda Reynolds Museum, residential properties and other The reduced carriageway does appear to • high profile places, including the Royal Albert confuse a few drivers, slowing their move- Hall. ment, and the overall impression is one of an

Bespoke insurance scheme for (it is RIBA compliant) and it is often possible UDG News Practices to include additional protection, like legal ex- While the risk of incurring a liability may penses cover. A small percentage of the pre- seem remote, it is generally accepted that a mium is passed to the Urban Design Group, professional engaged in any kind of design so our on-going good work is supported while The Annual General Meeting of the Urban work should maintain Professional Indem- improving the practice’s profitability. Please Design Group will take place at 6.00pm on nity insurance (PI). Clients expect to see it in get in touch for more information. Wednesday 20th June 2012 at The Gallery, 70 place and the cover gives peace of mind, but Robert Huxford Cowcross Street, London, EC1M 6EJ. If you at what cost? There are differences between • would like to stand for election to the UDG policy wordings, and care is needed to ensure Executive Committee as a full or correspond- the correct wording is selected, but beyond ing member, please contact the UDG Office by that, and the choice of appropriate limits 6th June. and excesses, PI cover is largely bought on price. The problem has been that the urban Urban Design Lift Pitch £100 design discipline has not been recognised by Competition the UK insurance market as distinct from, and If you happened to get into a lift with a VIP, crucially presenting a lower risk profile than, possibly a Secretary of State for Environment related fields like and town plan- and Housing (or the equivalent), and had ning. Thanks to the discussions by Amanda three minutes to tell them what urban design Reynolds, myself and underwriters, there is is, and why it mattered, what would you say? now a solution available. The results speak We are inviting entries and you will need to for themselves. Pilots with a couple of UDG provide justification for what you are saying, members have shown savings of between without simply making assertions. Please 35% and 40%. We can usually obtain a quote avoid jargon, and use no more than 300 from a copy of the renewal form, so minimal words. The deadline is 1st June 2012 by email additional input is needed to see whether to [email protected]. There will be such savings would apply to any particular a £100 prize for the best entry; and fame for practice, large or small. Of course, the word- anyone shortlisted. ing chosen is appropriate for the profession

Current subscriptions Annual membership rates UD practice index and on the udg website) Urban Design is free to Urban Design Group Uk individuals £40 uk students £20 Local authorities £100 (including two members who also receive newsletters and International individuals £50 copies of Urban Design) the directory at the time of printing Recognised practitioner in urban Uk libraries £40 design £80 International libraries £50 UDG Office Practices £250 (including a listing in the UD Individual issues of Urban Design cost £5 Tel 020 7250 0872/0892 practice index and on the UDG website) Email [email protected] Education £100 (including a listing in the Contents Contents

This issue has been kindly supported by Update Awards Event 2012 Speirs + Major Kevin Lynch Annual Lecture by Christopher Awards Overview 34 Alexander 3 Student Award Runners up Dongni Yao, Ralf Cover Urban Design Graphics 4 Furulund 35 Roskilde Festival 2008, Agora in the camp- William H Whyte Film night 4 Student Award Winner Iain Brodie 36 ing area. Photograph by Carsten Snejbjerg, Urban Design and Public Space 5 ROCKPHOTO Urbanized Reviewed 5 Book Reviews An Introduction to Sustainable Transporta- Future Issues Readers Reply 6 tion, Preston L. Schiller, Eric C. Bruun and Issue 123 – Localism Design Council Cabe – The civic economy 7 Jeffrey R. Kenworthy 38 Issue 124 – Urban Design in the Middle East The Urban Design Library #4 8 Swinging City, a cultural of London The Urban Design Interview – Ludovic 1950-1974, Simon Rycroft 38 Pittie 9 for People, Jan Gehl 39 Eco Architecture, The work of Ken Yeang,

Spring 2012 Viewpoint Sara Hart 39 Urban Design Group Journal 122 Urban ISSn 1750 712x — £5.00 Reflections on an urban design education, Shanghai New Towns, Searching for commu- Catherine Kedge 10 nity and identity in a sprawling metropolis, Temporary Design Urbanism Dark City, Mark Major 12 Harry den Hartog (Ed) 40 Triumph of the City, Edward Glaeser 40 Topic: Temporary Urbanism Biophilic Cities, integrating nature into urban Introduction, Irena Bauman 14 design and , Timothy Beatley 41 When people take charge, Henning The Principles of Green Urbanism, Steffen Thomsen 16 Lehmann 41 Urban life for everyone – temporary meas- ures as a planning method, Tina Saaby 19 Practice Index 42 Citizens as urban co-producers, Peter Schultz Education Index 48 Jørgensen and Jes Vagnby 22 A tool towards adaptable Neighbourhoods, Endpiece Cany Ash 26 Landmark decisions, Joe Holyoak 49 Stepping Stones: A new approach to Community-Led Regeneration, John Harrison 29 URBAN Temporary Urbanism – its relevance and DESIGN GROUP impact on teaching urban design, Florian URBAN DESIGN Kossak 32 GROUP

WEDNESDAY 23 MAY 2012 WEDNESDAY 20 JUNE 2012 DIARY OF Garden Cities Urban Design Group AGM Housing Minister Grant Shapps has revived and Chair’s Choice Event EVENTS interest in Garden Cities as a model for new The Urban Design group’s annual general development in the 21st century; but how meeting will take place from 6pm, followed well does Ebenezer Howard’s concept fare at 6:30pm by a speaker personally selected Unless otherwise indicated, all LONDON in the modern era? Speakers include Patricia by out-going Chair Amanda Reynolds. The events are held at The Gallery, 70 Cowcross Craggs on Letchworth Garden City. Please evening will also see the official launch of the Street, London EC1M 6EJ at 6.30 pm. Tickets check the UDG website for details of a UDG Urban Design Awards 2012-13 on the door from 6.00pm. £3.00 for full price visit to Letchworth earlier in May. UDG members and £7.00 for non-members; WEDNESDAY 11 JULY 2012 £1.00 for UDG member students and £3.00 TUESDAY 12 JUNE 2012 Urban Design and Localism for non-member students. For further details Local Authorities: What does localism mean for urban design? see www.udg.org.uk/events/udg How to Create a Quality Town Has localism been at the heart of urban What should local authorities be doing to design right from the start? What are the WEDNESDAY 25 APRIL 2012 raise the quality of the areas for which they best ways of involving local people positively Temporary Urban Design are responsible? This event showcases local in the future of their community? This event With the global financial crisis biting hard, authority best practice as exemplified by will feature contributors to issue 123 of the temporary urbanism comes to the fore. This entries for the Urban Design Public Sector journal. event, led by UDG Patron Irena Bauman, fea- Award over the past two years, including tures many of the contributors to edition 122 the latest developments in quality measure- of the journal and we hope to be welcoming ment, planning guidance through to political speakers from Denmark. leadership.

Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 1 Leader Update Kevin Lynch Annual Temporary riches Lecture: Christopher Alexander 23 November 2011, The Gallery, London

Christopher Alexander commanded a full In this issue we see interesting examples In Between Spaces. A richness, diversity and house. He was a pertinent speaker for the Kevin Lynch Lecture of the Urban Design of temporary urbanism in many forms, set passion emerge when there are no rules and Group. John Worthington kicked off the dia- up by different types of people. At its more regulators, permanent or top-down. logue with Alexander in front of an audience seated in cabaret style for greater convivial- conventional this verges on short-term cultural ity and participation. Alexander illustrated animation in urban spaces, which is well Save the date his approach to ‘architecture as intuition and intent’ with his Eishin Higoshino High understood by designers but only sporadically 18-20 October 2012: This year’s Annual UDG School and College Campus in Tokyo built in found or experienced in most towns and cities; conference is being held in Oxford, marking the late 1980s. Intention enables Alexander to discover things, whereas upside-down based approach to campus planning, which at the other end of the spectrum is the hippy the 40th birthday of the Joint Centre for Urban thinking assists him in creating a harmoni- has been adopted in part by various cities. He developer with a keen eye for acquiring and Design (JCUD), Oxford Brookes University. ous relationship between his projects, their continues to work with what he calls ‘instruc- neighbourhoods, the character of the existing tions’, instead of masterplans and working managing free space without squeezing the Running from Thursday to Saturday in the sites and nature. drawings, an anathema for urban designers. city centre and at the JCUD, the topic will be He adopts a thoughtful, slow, gradual, During the discussion some wondered how he profits too hard, and a messy enthusiasm for but also an intuitive and instinctive approach dealt with development control and is able other people. the value of urban design. We will shortly to making spaces as a builder. With his own to obtain planning permits, no mean feat for company he is erecting physical things in a $10 million campus on 9 ha of open land. In times when new investment and be inviting members to host workshops and layers of increasingly larger components. Others showed sympathy with his approach developments are in doubt and many places posters. The programme will include a JCUD- He does that in contrast to mass production outside established design rules. Some noted whose monolithic units are unable to adapt, though that his pictures included detail are quietly closing down shop-by-shop, led urban design master class on a live project thus unable to connect to human feelings drawings and the odd section. the idea of temporary places and ventures in Oxford, alumni workshops, walking tours on which, for him, explains the failure of mass Costing projects in their totality before housing over decades. commencement is essential for Alexander. means less risk, less financial commitment, public spaces, modern and development, He gets inspiration from X-rays of em- Costing - and probably cost approval - ena- and perspectives on urban design from leading bryos between 11-15 days which show chang- bles him to realise projects within budget and potentially more fun. These engaging ing chemical processes, generating jelly of and in time without modification. This still places can also be undertaken by anyone. figures in the development industry. different colours and consistency during this gives him the freedom to modify and refine early period of formation. Observing these the spatial configuration of buildings when It is this aspect that urban designers need • Louise Thomas processes of DNA reveal how parts of the em- implementing the project. to understand better; like localism, does bryo transform into solid state. Similarly, he His work method consists of walking finds it essential to transform his ideas into a the site, taking measurements and notes on this temporary approach warrant the urban liveable place through continuously process- existing conditions, and flagging landmarks designer’s involvement at all? The underlying ing impressions in interaction with others. He and relevant characteristics before conceiv- chooses his partners during long conversa- ing a project of buildings with landscaped themes in these articles from and tions for their simplicity and humbleness. spaces between them, integrated into their He uses techniques grounded in traditional surroundings. He works with 3D models and Denmark are reminiscent of the issues raised vernacular processes. This is what he calls voids, some of them full scale, resting on skil- in Urban Design issue 108 (Autumn 2008) on ‘world system A’ as opposed to ‘world system ful calculations, based on a cost plan. This B’ which produces egocentric ‘Big Bang’ enables him to produce workable buildings architecture. He captured the generative by resorting to the simplest solutions. grammar of ‘world system A’ early on in his He aims at an integrated and benign Notes on the Synthesis of Form (1964), A Pat- scale, sensible for architectural imagination. tern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construc- For him, scale and parameters arise from Urban Design Group Editorial Board Design tion (1977), and The City is Not A Tree (1965). discussions with the client which determine between them and their surroundings. Chairman Amanda Reynolds John Billingham, Matthew Carmona, trockenbrot (Claudia Schenk and Anja Sicka) Interestingly, they are experiencing a revival heights and massing, not gross density but Perhaps British urban designers will take Patrons Irena Bauman, Alan Baxter, Tim Catchpole, Richard Cole, Alastair Donald, www.trockenbrot.com like other alternative ideas on cities of that always in a holistic context. Size does not a leaf out of Alexander’s book when they Sir Richard MacCormac, Dickon Robinson, Tim Hagyard, Joe Holyoak, Liezel Kruger, time, namely ’ Death and Life of matter to him as such. What counts is that enjoy the freedom of building high quality Helle Søholt, Lindsey Whitelaw and John Sebastian Loew, Jane Manning, Malcolm Printing Henry Ling Ltd Great American Cities (1961). He develops every part fits and that they focus on each developments on green field sites opened up Worthington Moor, Judith Ryser, Louise Thomas © Urban Design Group ISSN 1750 712X his experiences further in his Nature of Order other, thus intensifying the harmony of build- by the Localism Act. Books published in the noughties and in a ings and the layout overall. He continues to Judith Ryser Office Editors Advertising enquiries forthcoming tome. refine and adapt well beyond the completion • Urban Design Group Louise Thomas (this issue) and Please contact UDG office He bases his work on organic whole- of the buildings during their use. For the Ei- 70 Cowcross Street Sebastian Loew Material for publication ness and scalable self sustaining systems. shin campus he adapted Japanese decorative London EC1M 6EJ [email protected] Please send text by email to the The Oregon experience illustrates how he (vernacular) styles which were modified dur- Tel 020 7250 0872/0892 [email protected] editors, images to be supplied at a promoted the long-term empowerment of ing construction to adjust to their surround- Email [email protected] Book Review Editor high-resolution (180mm width @300dpi) people and use of local materials instead of ings. In such splendour of ordinariness users Website www.udg.org.uk Richard Cole preferably as jpeg masterplanning. He codified a community enjoy the buildings and the organic continuity

2 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 3 Update Update

Nottwil, Switzerland, integrating a lake and Urban Design Urban Design and pasture with sympathetic interior design. Graphics – Effective The Falcon Close project was presented on a small street based community in Oxford de- Communication 18 January 2012, The Gallery, veloping ideas to improve their environment, London communal allotments and orchard. Medical 8 November 2011, The Gallery, Architects described the development of a London significantly landscaped major health facility on Edge Lane in Liverpool. The World Health Organisation defines health Three longer presentations followed: This presentation had a wider message about as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and Janice Morphet of UCL asked ‘can health presentation in urban design. Bally Meeda of social wellbeing and not merely the absence outcomes be delivered through spatial Urban Graphics covered the importance of of disease and infirmity.’ In the UK today, a planning?’. She had surveyed local planning graphic design and the need for close work- quarter of the population is obese, and 5 per authorities initiatives including calm streets, ing between graphic and urban designers. cent have Type 2 diabetes. The list of health health and work, crime and anti-social be- Early urbanists such as Unwin and Abercrom- related concerns is long: widespread vitamin haviour. She concluded that there was little bie were masters of the graphic technologies D deficiency and rickets due to inactive evidence yet of health outcomes through of their time and artists in their own right, indoor lifestyles and poor diet; fear of crime, , and core strategies were but this was in a pre-computer era. From injury or death in a traffic accident; loneli- passive in this area. the 1990s onwards graphics has become a Janine Tigou of Designhive spoke about The following discussion touched upon ness, depression and suicide; and, depend- Martin Willey of NHS London Healthy environmental health checks on A5 uses had specialist discipline. the importance of a clear story in order to hand-drawing and the thought processes ency on health and social services, rather Urban Development Unit (HUDU) described led to the closure of twelve premises. With effective communication the communicate with your audience. Two case involved, and it was anticipated that there than family and friends. These are interre- work to improve collaboration between the Improving public health requires concert- timeframe in which a message takes to be studies illustrated the potential. In Victoria, would be more gaming influences, but at lated issues where urban design has a role to planning and health sectors. HUDU publishes ed effort across many different areas. Major understood can be shortened. Methods are London a fly-through visualisation dramati- present there is no model for this in urban play, as this event undertaken with Planning Delivering Healthier Communities in London, issues include the management of the public available to convey conceptual, analyti- cally enabled cluttered and traffic dominated design. The danger is that graphics might Aid for London (PAL) explored. which reviews health issues and design realm (litter control and maintenance), which cal, technical and perceptual information. streets to be calmed and swept clear. This be exploited as a marketing device dispens- Following an introduction by PAL’s approaches. research shows have a bearing on community With the increased role and importance of clearly makes a quick impression and is ing with the need for proper urban design. Alison Borden, there were short two minute Fast food is a major concern for Waltham cohesion, and traffic speeds, which influence graphics comes a need for integrity too. Can the type of visual that major developers Graphic artists and urban designers must presentations: past UDG Chair Duncan Ecob Forest, and Gordon Glenday, Head of Plan- walking and cycling, air quality, the survival good graphics make bad urban design look are demanding. A second visualisation, the continue to work together with a healthy of Devereux dealt with biophilia - using ning Policy and Regeneration reported on of local facilities, community ties, density better? Some developers clearly think so as Helix Residential Towers, was focussed on respect for each other’s roles. natural materials, daylight, water, vegeta- the success of their Supplementary Planning and so on. A UDG initiative on public health is they now approach graphic design companies the street in response to a specific plan- Tim Hagyard tion and natural ventilation to bring benefits Document in refusing the opening of 23 pro- to provide clarity on what can be done. with ready-made schemes to be given the ning concern; the visual was instrumental • to mental, emotional and general wellbe- posed hot food takeaway shops (HFT), and Robert Huxford wow factor eg the walk-through visuals and in persuading members of a committee of ing. Stephan Bradley Architects displayed a appeals successfully upheld. Only three HFTs • computer generated images, but missing out the potential public realm and streetscape ↑ Konza Technology City, paraplegic, sports and conference facility in have been given , and the design process in the middle. benefits of a development. Kenya

Urbanized is the cinematic delight one might cost-constrained development of their social Urbanized expect of Gary Hustwit, the director of this housing. The voice for the is given to A film review third in a trilogy of studies in design, follow- a weighty man telling us he likes his swim- ing Helvetica (modernism in a typeface), and ming pool; we are invited to note that he evi- Objectified (industrial and product design). dently doesn’t make daily vigorous use of it. Each deals with a dimension of design’s Herein lies the rub. The film takes politi- intimate relationship with daily life. Here, we cal positions through its subjects; it polemi- look at design interventions in cities through cises and we consume. I highly recommend the eyes of their inhabitants. the documentary because it is provocative Urbanized is a review of how urban de- and, moreover, it is beautiful. However, for sign practice is responding to the global forc- the genre to work, the provocations demand es driving city development. Ricky Burdett a response, so here is my opening contribu- provides the opening: a graphic commentary tion to the discussion it demands. William H Whyte What came to mind immediately is how public places? Contrary to current abstract about the enormity of the shift in human cir- First, the alluring cinematography runs relevant Whyte’s observations and critical criteria, the research team focused on cumstances that is unfolding in our lifetime. the risk of reducing its subjects to urban Film night conclusions about urban spaces and their tangible issues. They found that places to Soon we join a history trip of city planning design as travelogue. We tend to see the poor uneven use in New York, are today and in sit were crucial for life in plazas, as well as and development, complete a world tour of and dispossessed of the world’s cities in a 5 January 2012, The Gallery, other places. Time-lapse cameras and his their proximity to busy streets at the same mega cities, and meet a star cast of urban kind of ‘slum dog millionaire’ hyper-reality. London team recorded how twenty-three plazas level or situated slightly above or below. practitioners of Rem Koolhaas, Jan Gehl, Sir Second, by putting urban design at the heart were used from morning to evening, during Water, trees, a presence of food and drink Norman Foster and more. On the way, we of the discourse, the film leads us to believe weekdays and weekends. They plotted where and spontaneous entertainment, sometimes meet Enrique Peñalosa, the Mayor of Bogota, that professional and technical interventions people congregated, what they were doing, public art, all encouraged a wide variety of New York’s City planner, and a kaleidoscope can resolve deep structural economic, social The Urban Design Group had prepared a soft how long they stayed in one place, and how people to make intensive and continuous use of world’s citizens. Are you breathless yet? and political issues. Third, the film advocates landing for its members at the start of the they moved through the public realm. Whyte of spaces whose capacity was self-levelling. Hustwit’s subjects make the case for a a compact, sustainable urbanism against New Year with a film night, popcorn and all, interpreted their behaviour and how it was Whyte was proud that many of his urban collaborative form of urban design in which . For another view, read Robert attended by a full house. Preceded by a short influenced by the urban design of these pub- design recommendations - albeit some- citizens make cities: where they don’t, cities Bruegmann’s brilliant Sprawl: A Compact animation film about human movements by lic squares. Looking also at the layout and times a little too categorical and prescrip- fail. Peñalosa pedals along Bogota’s high History (University of Chicago Press, 2005). Ryan Larkin sponsored by the National Film surrounding buildings, he identified reasons tive - found their way into New York planning grade cycle routes next to the unmade road Watch this film, buy the DVD, and let the Board of Canada in 1968, the UDG screened why some public spaces were used intensely by-laws. His work has certainly contributed for cars, telling us this is democracy in ac- arguments begin. the documentary on The Social Life of Small while others were deserted. He concluded to uphold the quality of New York’s public tion; Stuttgart’s green campaigners clash The Design Trilogy is available as a Urban Spaces produced by William H Whyte that bespoke urban design led to both lively realm. with police as they attempt to halt the High limited-edition box set. in 1979 as a companion to his book on the and dead spaces. Judith Ryser Speed Rail Plan; migrants choose between Michael Owens same subject published in 1980. So what made the success of popular • the bathtub and the water heater in the •

4 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 5 Readers Reply Design Council Cabe Limits to Localism too much like an early English expletive. Creating fertile is becoming an established principle. In its work CABE used a number of case • An increasing number of values-driven studies ranging from Cambridge Futures via ground for the civic private sector companies moving beyond the Emscher Landschaffspark to the Jeddah traditional corporate social responsibility Strategic Framework, to demonstrate a range economy to put social opportunities and ecological of solutions to the challenge of large scale concerns at the core of operations, along- urban design. Among those selected was the side a proliferation of hybrid business SCOT for Montpellier. This plan, covering 31 models that build on and bend traditional communes centred on the city of Montpel- ownership structures. lier, ranges from strategic decisions which The Compendium for the Civic Economy • An increasing recognition that innova- are conurbation-wide for such matters as (2011) by Indy Johar and Joost Beunderman tive working practices in and between the protection of the natural environment of 00:/ sets out twenty five international case organisations – based on the use of new through specific boundaries, to urban de- studies, which explore emergent trends in social network technologies collaboration velopment for all of the settlements, to site how places are being shaped and organisa- tools and creative approaches to self- briefs for key projects. tions developed to fit society’s changing organisation, and tapping into both global However a glance at any plan included needs and ambitions. and local connections – can create better in this SCOT reveals that a large area to the In the past year, we have seen growth in outcomes. south east is omitted from consideration. For this civic economy. The People’s Supermarket • A widespread trend amongst the public example the plan (left) not only shows this in London or Manchester’s FabLab for DIY at large to be directly involved in the (co-) gap in the coverage, but also what a short product development show how places can creation of cultural and other products ei- length of Mediterranean littoral has been offer people different ways to participate in ther in digital or physical spaces – through included in the SCOT. Questioning of the the daily economy. Community-owned wind the established third sector or, just as planning officers responsible for the work re- turbines or the Monster Store, an out-of- often, in new ad-hoc groups or networks. veals that six communes had withdrawn from school learning programme modelled on New the SCOT in 2004 - two years after the initial York’s Brooklyn Superhero Supply Store, show What does this mean for phenomenon but as part of a healthy boundaries had been established. It was how this could reinvigorate key infrastruc- places? approach to regeneration and a start-up suggested that this democratic decision was tures. Recently we have seen development Such trends have the potential to transform economy: permanently maintaining a the result of reluctance on the part of these of the fertile ground needed to make further how places are shaped. This is particularly diversity of space typologies (in terms relativity wealthy communes to share their progress. The Localism Act, combined with important now that much of the regenera- of ownership, unit size, rental levels and tax base with the rest of the conurbation. Not planning reform and other government tion and place-shaping practices of the past lease types) is crucial to make sure that including in the plan those communes which initiatives such as the Portas Review of High decade or so have run out of steam. Not only local ventures can have access to afford- cover a large proportion of coastline with Streets, have all played a part in creating the has the property boom fizzled out, but more able and flexible space and thus to the all of its environmental management issues conditions for further civic economy growth. fundamental doubts have been raised about wider market at all stages in the economic and an international airport, really begs the In January 2012, Prime Minister David Cam- some of the key tenets of what was known as cycle. Developers and landowners should question of the efficacy of the SCOT. It clearly eron, who provided a foreword for the Com- the ‘urban renaissance’. be helped and incentivised to maintain or demonstrates how local democratic planning pendium, launched the new Cooperatives Bill Not all regeneration projects genuinely create these conditions both for vacant without a higher level of effective planning at Hub Westminster, itself a prime example of looked beyond bricks and mortar; many buildings and new development projects can frustrate any attempt to resolve larger the civic economy in action. The Bill will sim- localities relied heavily on public sector ex- through, for example, planning gain In the conclusion to his review of Nonplan: i.e. planning authorities, this problem was scale issues. plify 17 existing pieces of legislation to make penditure; town centres proved narrowly de- conditions an Experiment in Freedom in issue 120 of more acute than in England. Three decades Ivor Samuels it easier for entrepreneurs to innovate and pendent on the consuming (and debt-laden) • Enabling more creative and participative Urban Design, Karl Kropf implies a link be- of effort to amalgamate communes has met • make better use of existing physical assets. public; the public retained sceptical about use of underused space depends on mak- tween that publication of 1969 and the latest with mixed success (Cahiers francais 362, References By better understanding the kinds of their ability to actually influence area change; ing clear what the pathway to re-occu- non-planning initiative, which hides behind 2011). Their fiscal and other responsibilities Cahiers français 362 , 2011 Les collectivités actors in this new economy, urban design- and risk-averse, routine-driven approaches to pation looks like. Much of this requires the mask of Localism. In suggesting that a have been amalgamated into 2,599 Etabliss- territoriales :trente ans de décentralisation , la ers, planners and others can harness the regeneration resulted in a creeping homog- testing in practice, and seed-funding Documentation française genuine experiment in freedom would ‘give ments publics de coopération intercommu- www.montpellier-agglo.com/nos-grands-projets/ entrepreneurial spirit to revitalise places and enisation of places. As the impact of the communities to take manageable risks in real control to Parish, Town and City Councils nale (EPCI). Since 2000 in order to provide a schema-coherence-territoriale accessed 21 spaces. recession and its aftermath continues to af- taking on local challenges. This may actu- – not merely planning powers but fiscal and degree of planning strategy which meets the November 2011 fect places across the UK, choices need to be ally be a very effective way of using scarce financial freedoms’ he may have in mind way that contemporary housing and labour www.webarchive.nationalarchives.gov. Defining the civic economy made about how localities can best support a public money and of kick-starting change our experience of making plans for small markets work, the French have introduced uk/20110118095356/www.www.cabe.org.uk/strud/ We define the civic economy as comprising genuine recovery, particularly in the context without comprehensive masterplans examples/montpellier accessed 21 November 2011 settlements in France in the 1990s. These a voluntary planning scheme for groups of Montpellier SCOT people, ventures and behaviours that fuse of scarce resources. • Despite the pressure to make savings, have both planning and fiscal powers, and communes. The Schéma de Cohérence Ter- innovative practices from the traditionally localities need to retain and attract those it certainly was an invigorating demonstra- ritoriale (SCOT) usually covers the conurba- distinct spheres of civil society, the market Re-imagining existing assets individuals capable of providing leader- tion of localism when the elected Municipal tion around a large or medium sized city or, and the state. Founded upon social values A key lesson is that fertile ground for the civic ship for the civic economy. Many of the Council (for a settlement and nearby hamlets in more sparsely populated areas, linked and goals, and using deeply collaborative economy needs not be ‘built’ anew or from case studies in the Compendium could of 2,500 souls surrounded by forests and networks of settlements. approaches to development, production, scratch: the civic economy requires no ex- only happen through creative collabora- agricultural land) would meet on a Thursday Before its practical (if not virtual) extinc- knowledge sharing and financing, the civic pensive business parks or physical infrastruc- tions across the organisational silos of night to make decisions so that the following tion CABE recognised the same problem that economy generates goods, services and ture. Instead, it is about rediscovering the planning, economic regeneration, com- day the communal public works department ‘People are travelling much further nowadays common infrastructures in ways that neither resources that already exist, whether physi- munity development and education or (with a total workforce strength of three) in their daily lives, which means that the way the state nor the market economy alone have cal or human, and growing them. Therefore care – through genuinely opening up to could go out and change the road signs on in which we plan and design our towns and been able to accomplish. we need a shift in focus that starts with such local civic entrepreneurs inside or outside non-departmental roads. cities and rural areas will need to change’. It Long before the current economic crisis, existing assets, and values them as seedbeds established organisations, and finding new However the big defect with this system invested considerable resources in investi- the outlines of a profound economic and cul- for a low-cost, low-barrier-of-entry innova- ways to invite them and work with them to is that our lives are not constrained within gating possible solutions to what was initially tural shift have been visible and chronicled tion economy. Urban designers and others shape better places. the medieval boundaries of parishes or com- called Strategic Urban Design (StrUD). The by a wide range of observers since the late that shape places should take a primary role Rachel Fisher and Joost Beunderman munes. In recognition of this reality, for the results of this work, which had begun to high- 1990s (at least). At its core this shift is rooted in identifying how assets, both physical and The• Compendium for the Civic Economy was last three decades France has been trying light some interesting directions and even in an increasing overlap between traditionally social, can be activated into new perspec- commissioned by Rachel Fisher, Head of Policy and Communications, Design Council Cabe and with little success to assemble larger units question some conventional wisdoms of ur- distinct domains in the economy: tives for places. Laura Bunt, NESTA for plan making – just the opposite of what ban design, have since been entombed in the • A reforming state and public services, • Opening up underused buildings and spac- seems to be happening in this country now. national archive under the title Large Scale ↑ Limits to the expansion of where the co-production of public goods es to local entrepreneurial initiative should Certainly in a country with 37,000 communes Urban Design – presumably StrUD sounded built up areas and services between users and providers not be seen as a recession-time-only

6 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 7 Library Interview

his anthology Labour, Work and Architecture. human artifice to house them, human affairs The international market expansion in the The Urban Design The interest of many urban writers is would be floating, as futile and vain, as the The Urban Design field provides a unique range of opportu- Library # 4 motivated by Arendt’s belief in the polis as wanderings of nomad tribes.’ Interview: Ludovic nities. I could be working at the OECD on a space of human action. ‘Wherever you In this single paragraph she manages to International Development projects with the Hannah Arendt: The Human go, you will be a polis’. These famous words capture the relationship between the public Pittié World Bank, heading my own company or Condition (University of Chicago expressed the conviction that action and realm – as a political entity and the public the urban design department of a consult- Press, 1958) speech create a space between the par- realm as a physical thing – and their interde- ing company. I definitely will remain in urban ticipants which can find its proper location pendence. Her insight is particularly useful design but I’m not sure yet where it might almost any time and anywhere: ‘It is the in our age where what passes for public life is lead to… space of appearance in the widest sense of not really public at all according to Arendt’s the word, namely, the space where I appear definition. What is your current job and how long have As an urban designer, do you have a role to others as others appear to me where men Today, institutions such as government you been there? model? exist not merely like other living or inanimate sponsored agencies, local authorities and I lead a team of twenty Landscape Architects Yes and no. I can’t hide the fact that the work things but make their appearance explicitly’. even central government itself are substi- and Urban Designers at Mouchel. I joined in of Baron Haussmann, Robert Moses, Jane The space of appearance – the arena in which tuted for the public. Public pools, libraries October 2005 as a Senior Urban Designer Jacobs and Jan Gehl has had an influence man is active and conscious of his actions and public events are generally government and have climbed the corporate ladder with on me. However, I can’t say that I have a role among men - inspired the theorist-historian organised or institutionally directed activi- increased responsibility in the direction of model per se. What I definitely had was a George Baird. Richard Sennett, too, is much ties designed to create a sense of our social the team and technical delivery over the last great mentor in David Orr. taken by Arendt’s polis as a form of urban obligations and responsibilities. The issue of three years. life in which speech is open and full, seeing ‘public’ and ‘private’ is often emptied of any If you were to recommend an urban design it as a way to engage with the modern fear real content and reduced to the administra- Can you describe the path that you fol- scheme or study (past or present) for an of exposure in cities. He highlights her idea tive question of ‘who pays’. Our culture has lowed to become an urban designer and award, what would you chose? of natality: one’s birth is not one’s fate, but become enveloped by proceduralism, risk what motivated you? I really enjoyed the southern part of Exhibi- rather natality is the birth of will to make aversion and superficial accountability. As a I studied Urban Engineering at the Engineer- tion Road – I thought the scheme really shone oneself over again as an adult. result our understanding of public life is often ing School of the City of Paris (Ecole des there as it represented a great canvas that What Arendt provides is a method for reduced to little more than the management Ingenieurs de la Ville de Paris, EIVP). I had a responded well to the local range of activities looking at life, or the totality of human exist- of liability, an all embracing insurance policy choice of numerous schools, but there was (cafés, restaurants and land uses around it). ence, which deals with both humanity and that often prevents us from acting in the pub- something endearing, magical and mysteri- the man-made world (human artifice) and lic realm rather than facilitating it. ous about cities, which made me chose the Where is your favourite town or city and how they interact. She writes; ‘The real- Arendt does not talk specifically about EIVP over the Naval Academy or other civil why? ity and reliability of the human world rests buildings and places, but she does address engineering schools. During the completion New York. Paris. Stockholm. Bordeaux. Man- primarily on the fact that we are surrounded themes which those of us who do, have a of my masters, I did a number of internships chester. There is a long list, depending on the by things more permanent than the activity great difficulty dealing with. The question of abroad in management, , in- mood and who you’re there with, but no one by which they were produced, and potentially how we as individuals and society are condi- frastructure design and project management. clear favourite. even more permanent than the lives of the tioned by the world we have already made – After two years as a project manager for the ‘What are we doing?’ The conditions of man- authors.’ is at the heart of all contemporary discus- Urban Utility Centre at Brooklyn University, I Where is your most hated place and why? kind are something that we rarely theorise. It At a time when there is considerable sions about planning and place-making. ‘Men joined the New York office of EarthTech (now My hometown! Just joking… can’t really think is very fashionable to study the compression confusion over - not to mention a blurring of are conditioned beings because everything part of AECOM) as an engineer. After working of a most loathed place! of space and time, self and identity, mobility boundaries between - the concepts of public they come in contact with turns immediately as a highways engineer, I started to work also and migration, production and consumption, and private, Arendt’s work is especially use- into conditions of their existence.’ as an architect, becoming the intermedi- What advice would you give to UD readers? modernity and post-modernity, language ful. She describes the significance of man as Penny Lewis, course leader for the Masters ary between architects and engineers on a It might sound cheesy but I’d say ‘follow your and meaning. But very few philosophers or a public being and the distinction between •Course, Scott Sutherland School of Architecture number of projects. Following work focused heart’. I would also advise on using prece- political theorists take the time to observe what we do privately to survive (labour); and the Built Environment, Aberdeen on the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan dents and case studies carefully, making sure and analyse what it means to be human. To what we do collectively as a result of the fact and the World Trade Centre site, I completed the transferability of the legal, economic and understand the life of both ‘man’ and ‘men’ that we live in close proximity to each other Read on several masterplans and studies. I then ac- social context can justify their use. Everyone is the task Hannah Arendt set herself in The and therefore interact in the general running Sennett, R (1990) The Conscience of the Eye tively sought to formalise my career in Urban appears to have jumped on the shared space Human Condition. of our day to day lives (work); and, what we (Norton, New York) Design after working on its fringes for several bandwagon, but without always understand- Arendt (1906-1975) is probably best do collectively as a matter of choice – as an Baird, G (2003) The Space of Appearance (MIT years. ing that the highways code, insurance and Press) known for her writings on totalitarianism act of democratic participation (action). Sofskey, W (2008) Privacy: A Manifesto (Princeton legal context in is quite different to (The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951) and her The Human Condition is Arendt’s en- University Press) What do you find exciting about your work? here; but I’m glad to see steps taken towards highly objective and unsentimental reporting couragement to look again at the concept of It provides a good balance between the crea- addressing the misconceptions around it by of the trial of a leading Nazi Adolf Eichmann. public life from first principles. Man is, by his tive and analytical parts of the brain. Seeing DfT and others. When the Human Condition was published in very nature, a social being, but ‘the public’ projects built and recognised is an accolade 1958, she described it as a ‘reconsideration of is a feature of society that is not naturally that validates the excellence I strive for. The What should the Urban Design Group be the human condition from the vantage point reproduced, but is reliant on autonomous four awards that we received last year were doing now or in the future? our newest experiences and our most recent individuals who choose to exercise their a big boost not just in confidence, but also I was pleased with the Urban Design Group fears.’ Her subject was not her contemporar- judgment about the progress of society. She made me feel that I had made the right ca- taking the lead in setting out a form of pro- ies but inhabitants of the Modern Age – the describes historically the importance of the reer choice. What is exciting for me is making fessional accreditation. I still feel awareness period from the enlightenment to the First ‘potentialities of action’ that are generated a difference to the lives of others, on a small raising should continue, de-mystifying what World War. She argued that events during her by urbanisation, by men living close to one or large scale. urban design is and the role of an urban lifetime such as the use of the atomic bomb another. Talking about the public realm she designer – not so much as an academic path and space exploration were giving rise to a says that unless ‘it is the scene of action What do you think are the most important but in professional participation and continu- new imagination. and speech, of the web of human affairs and skills of an urban designer? ous development. As well as a significant impact on social relationships and the stories engendered by The most important skills are enabling dia- thought, the book has had a limited but them’, it lacks a raison d’être. She continues; logue, listening and analytical skills to frame Finally, who would you like to see inter- nevertheless important impact on writers on ‘without being talked about by men and the evidence into solutions that will ultimate- viewed by UD? ↑ Listening to the community architecture and urbanism. For example, the without housing them, the world would not ly be endorsed by the community. Good question - I’d suggest Peter Rowlinson, ↑↑ Reclaiming the Streets project: Townsend Street architectural historian Kenneth Frampton be a human artifice but a heap of unrelated Service Director Planning and Regulation ↑↑↑ Design consultation says that he never recovered after reading things to which each isolated individual was What would you like to be doing in ten Services at Rochdale MBC. workshops Arendt in the 1960s. Her categories inspired at liberty to add one more object; without the years’ time? ↑↑↑↑ Mason Street

8 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 9 Viewpoint Viewpoint Reflections on an urban design education Catherine Kedge provides this warning: this article does not contain a CAD masterplan

↙ MA project work showing ↓ Scenes from area the vision and design brief and site visit

ultimately enjoyable and rewarding. The and grassy green squares, a table full of interaction of people and place became the feedback forms and some free chocolate underpinning of my design ideas. bars. The consultants stood in front of their exhibition in black business suits and NoHo: No Way smiled. Passing shoppers glanced over, but The people who objected to the NoHo no-one went near them, not even for free development were not resource or time- chocolate. rich middle-class NIMBYs who did not The urban design projects undertaken want to share their area - most of them during my undergraduate and cared deeply for the history of the place postgraduate courses have taught me some and wanted to see something built that valuable lessons. I am confident enough added value to the area and would survive now to know that my work won’t suffer as long as the Georgian town houses and if I turn off the computer, put down the the Victorian already there (albeit camera and just stand, walk, watch and probably changing over time and quite talk – to really learn an area and meet its possibly not being used as originally people before I try to design for it. I don’t intended). They understood the genius need display boards and glossy leaflets loci of the area, the character or spirit (although they have their place) to engage which made it unique. I put down my with an area and present my ideas. And I camera - people are more willing to engage hope that the result of putting what I have with you if you don’t look like a council learnt during this project into practice will bin inspector - stopped just watching and help me to produce design proposals that talked to people. will draw people in and not be met with The attempted imposition of the indifference or distrust. I had twenty years’ experience in human course allowed me plenty of opportunity mainly we had our digital cameras held NoHo Square name had deeply offended Catherine Kedge, London South Bank resources management when I decided to to explore this field, with urban design to our faces. We came back to class for a people’s sense of history and belonging. •University student, 2007-11 take an undergraduate degree in Urban units throughout the course and the charrette day where ideas were swapped, Many that I spoke to were alienated by and at London chance to specialise for the final semester rough designs drawn up and discarded and what they considered bland computer South Bank University. There was no dissertation. We looked at places where eventually presented. And they were great, generated designs and displays, and carefully thought-out career plan; I wanted we lived, researching their history, huge fun, innovative, some practical, the photoshopped impressions of the to make a change, but was not sure what considering potential futures and some pure fantasy. And at this stage, the completed scheme which seemed to show I wanted to do. My manager at the time developing the skills to describe places neighbours would have hated them. little relationship to the surrounding advised against leaving with the (probably and spaces and understand how people As individual work progressed we streets or people who used them. sound) advice that, ‘no-one’s going to and activities affect them. We put our had regular studio days and some one- Eventually, it was the conversations I had pay you to ponce around in art galleries’. design skills to the test with projects to-one tutorials. Hints and suggestions with people around the hospital site that Listening to the radio one morning, a in Brick Lane, Bankside and Borough were given, tailored to the direction our became the basis for my vision. My brief working from home perk I could enjoy Market. When I decided to stay on and work was taking with the intention of for the area was presented in poster style, along with the wearing of pyjamas during take my Masters degree in Planning Policy pushing us to look a bit further, pointers bright colours and small pictures that conference calls, I heard an interview with and Practice, it was with the knowledge towards useful books and alternative meant you had to stop and look closely. a woman described by the interviewer that I could again take an urban design design techniques. We started to look at I would like to think that the people I as a town planner. I never did catch her specialism for the final project and the practicalities – how much floorspace spoke to would have approved, or at least name, but as she talked, it started to dawn dissertation. could you get on the site, how to balance be willing to use it as a starting point on me that the work she was describing the developers’ need for maximum return for a development that wouldn’t be an was what I wanted to do. All the things I Middlesex Hospital with a wish to create a place where people imposition on their area. was interested in seemed to be in the job The project work took place around the would want to spend time? For me, my CAD is a valuable, even essential description – architecture, conservation, Middlesex Hospital site in London, which enjoyment of trying to understand new tool, but people struggle to engage with art, social issues, politics, economics, had recently seen the collapse of the Candy surroundings by observing the people those aspirational masterplans in soft history, geography, construction. brothers NoHo Square development plans and activities of a place (a trait I generally shades of grey, blue and green which Manpower planning versus urban and was the subject of much speculation kept quiet about for fear of being accused they know will often bear only a limited planning – which would you choose? I and rumour as to its future. It was three of nosiness) was validated and given relationship to the finished project. They handed my notice in before I had filled acres of prime development land in direction when I was introduced to Jane invoke either indifference or panic, both out my UCAS forms: there really was no the centre of London with some pretty Jacobs ‘sidewalk ballet’ as part of an responses caused by the uniform styling carefully thought-out career masterplan. bruised and upset neighbours determined optional Place, Performance and Social and lack of intimacy or connection. Later A few months into the undergraduate that they did not want ‘New York Living’ Usage unit. This unit included a study during the summer, I watched from a course, it dawned on me that the career imposed on their area. of movement through public places mezzanine coffee bar as a team of planning described by the interviewer as town We visited the site – as a class group, and required a bit of movement on our consultants set up a public exhibition planner was really that of an urban in twos and threes and on our own when part. Terrifying for someone whose last on the floor of a shopping centre below. designer - not a field of work I had even time allowed. We had maps, some of us experience of public choreography was Out came the display boards covered heard of before. But the undergraduate had sketch books and HB pencils, but country dancing with the Girl Guides, but with CAD drawings of big grey blocks

10 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 11 Viewpoint Viewpoint DARK CITY ↘ King’s Cross Lighting Masterplan Mark Major calls for more considered planning of cities after dark revealing the history after dark. ↙ New Street Square, London: Image by Speirs + Major defining a human scale and ↘↘ Trafalgar Square, London: vistas. Photograph: James Newton appropriate quality and quantity → Wharf Green, Swindon: of light enhances heritage areas. vertical surfaces and landscape Photograph: Paul Bock features heighten perceptions ↘↘↘ Devonshire Square, London: of security and a sense of place. making cities more legible after Photograph: James Newton dark. Photograph: James Newton

routes, meeting points, visual boundaries, create an identity for a place experienced havoc with our circadian rhythms – our vistas, landmarks and thresholds. on the ground, as well as transferred bodies are simply not physically attuned to around the world via photographs the almost constant presence of light. NEGATIVE ASSOCIATIONS and other visual media. Good lighting Adopting a truly sustainable approach Darkness is often seen as a negative in therefore adds considerable value by to the after-dark city involves balancing urban environments, perhaps due to an contributing not only to place-making environmental needs with the positive innate fear of the unknown or cultural but also to identity and branding. As a social and economic benefits that light conditioning. The modern city is filled result, engaging good lighting designers can bring. Apart from the ability to extend with light: our quest to vanquish the night on public realm projects is becoming working hours, the night-time economy has virtually expelled all darkness from increasingly important to creating high is now a valuable feature of any urban our urban lives and disconnected us from quality experiences of cities. centre, bringing people into the city to nature. Yet darkness has a very positive enjoy late night shopping, entertainment, and important role to play in cities: it ACCESSIBILITY dining and the benefits of urban living provides intimacy, peace, privacy and Lighting also supports accessibility – after normal working hours. This is relaxation and so should be an integral extending the use of the built environment particularly important in the northern part of city life. into the hours of darkness for as many hemisphere where a good part of the people as possible, including those normal working day takes place during the SAFETY with disabilities and special needs. hours of darkness. Lighting is critical in supporting safety, Lighting can be used to assist those with helping to manage the conflict between visual impairments by, for example, DARK CITY people and vehicles and define changes preventing glare and avoiding strong Combined with our understanding of in level and obstructions. Making the contrasts; ageing eyes and the changing human vision and the benefits of darkness, We carefully plan our cities by day to work places by day, should we not also city safe after dark involves considering demographic of many cities will make this the problem of over-illumination and light for the people that use them. Each street, masterplan them by night? What are the how much light is applied and where. an important consideration in the future. pollution gives rise to the concept of ‘Dark square, park and building is designed key considerations in planning urban light Good vertical illumination at the kerbside Light can also become an integral part of City’. Cities do not need to be lit brightly within a strict planning framework to and meeting the requirements of those is more important to a driver seeing a city way-finding and visual information to be successful, but rather carefully balance its utility, diversity and aesthetic who use cities after dark? pedestrian than high levels of light in the systems – from simply using marker- illuminated and then managed. Towns and harmony. Identifiable districts and middle of the highway. Whilst safety is lights or beacons to supporting material cities may use more light than rural areas neighbourhoods emerge, voids between VISION & PERCEPTION about vision, security is about perception. and colour systems, to integration with to meet the combined challenges of safety, buildings become places for people, and The first consideration is vision: the need Good lighting supports surveillance – environmental graphics and digital media. security and accessibility, but the degree buildings become landmarks or part of the for artificial light arises from this basic both casual and CCTV. However, the to which they need to be lit deserves much urban grain. requirement to see. Historically, whilst relationship between light and crime is SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS wider study. Just as the city builders of Once darkness falls however our cities cities like London and Paris had organised complex. Various studies have attempted The final and key consideration is to create the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries change and become revealed through public lighting systems well before the to link improved and brighter lighting to a sustainable solutions in terms of reducing realised that cities required extensive multiple layers of light provided by a 19th century, in general lamps were direct reduction in crime, but there is little environmental impact, supporting social areas of green space to make them healthy variety of hands. Publically owned street portable - you took your light with you. hard evidence to support this. Crime is needs and reinforcing the night-time and beneficial places to live, so our cities and landscape lighting vie with private With the development of industrialised often a question of opportunity, which can economy. Light is a very visible form of need areas of lower light levels and even architectural lighting, retail frontages, lighting systems towards the end of the arise during the day or night. Lighting can energy use - we can clearly see when we total darkness to enable them to thrive. advertising and security lighting, often 19th century (first using gas and then however certainly reduce the fear of crime are wasting light and, as a result, wasting Lighting every square metre of the city is creating a chaotic scene, in which carefully electricity), we were suddenly freed to use by helping people to feel safe and secure energy. Unoccupied buildings with their the equivalent to concreting it over and considered daytime planning strategies light on a seemingly limitless basis. Whilst through providing good recognition and a lights left on and light pollution over should therefore be resisted. are liberally reinterpreted or ignored. the initial reason for introducing light into legible environment. our cities are well reported, but less well The delicate architecture of the local the urban realm was to facilitate vision known is the issue of over-illumination. INTEGRAL TO URBAN DESIGN church, clearly articulated in sunlight, after dark, the reasons have since become CHARACTER & IDENTITY The US Department of Energy estimates Good lighting is fundamental not only to disappears next to the overstated lighting more numerous and complex. Another role for lighting is to create that over-illumination wastes around 5 our enjoyment of the built environment of the neighbouring hotel and the vivid The second human factor is perception character and contribute to place-making. per cent of the total estimated annual but is an integral part of urban design. displays of light and colour of commercial – how we feel. During the day the built The importance of making places for consumption of oil in the US. Over- Rather than being seen as a technical interests; office interiors, concealed environment is visually intelligible but people rather than simply creating space illumination is a major issue that arises subject or cosmetic addition, well- and properly managed and controlled to behind reflective glass by day, are now on at night it often is not, because normal is a well-established principle of urban from lighting areas too brightly, using designed lighting can make a huge avoid unnecessary pollution and waste. show; and, previously welcoming green visual clues like direction, scale and design. It is perhaps surprising how little inappropriate light sources, directing contribution to our enjoyment of urban We can create a sustainable approach to spaces become scale-less and isolated. spatial relationships can disappear or attention is given to this once the sun goes fixtures incorrectly and not maintaining life: meeting our basic needs for vision lighting that will not only allow our cities Whilst the city can be an exciting become distorted. This can make people down. Handling light properly, and in a and controlling them properly; this in turn as well as creating a positive ambience, to be enjoyed after dark by us, but also by place at night, it can also be incoherent, feel disorientated and, consequentially, contextual manner, takes considerable leads to light trespass and light pollution. keeping people safe and secure, assisting future generations. disorientating, de-humanising - even uncomfortable, even fearful. Using light to understanding and experience and goes Whilst a reduction in the view of the night with accessibility and way-finding, and Mark Major, architect and lighting designer, threatening. So how do we address the make space more legible and to aid way- far beyond the specification of fixtures. sky is often cited as the main problem, supporting communal and economic aims. •Director and Founding Partner, Speirs + Major urban environment once darkness falls? finding helps put people at ease. This is Understanding how light should fall on light nuisance and light trespass are more Having light requires using energy and Should we allow a free-for-all where often best achieved through illuminating a surface to in order to effectively define problematic, creating unwanted impacts valuable natural resources, so we need to different layers of light randomly collide, vertical rather than horizontal surfaces form, activate materials, reveal colour and on bio-diversity and human health and treat it as a more precious commodity - or exercise control? If we masterplan and, in an urban context, illuminating key enhance texture is critical. Light can also well-being. Over-lighting can also play carefully considered at all stages of design

12 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 13 Topic Topic

city-making through the construction focuses on three projects in London Temporary Urbanism – of permanent physical fabric, and Leicester, which explore the to the emphasis on the city as a potential of the temporary to act as the stepping stones to backdrop to activities, a laboratory a catalyst to permanent adaptations for experimentation in new ways of of neighbourhoods. John Harrison being. examines the power of temporary Many temporary urbanism trends projects in Dewsbury to engage local that worked well in the 20th century, and projects have already been community and change perception of antiquated and ineffective. documented in publications such as the town. But amidst the liquidity of our Urban Pioneers: Temporary Use and Danish experience and thinking times, vast proportions of cities and Urban Development in Berlin by Urban are explored in further three essays. towns remain familiar - they are Catalyst published in 2007; Everyday Jes Vagnby and Peter Schultz make changing physically but at a slower Urbanism by J L Chase, M Crowford a case for temporary urbanism as an rate than the activities within them. and J Kalinski (2008) and Insurgent inclusive process allowing the citizens The physical fabric is therefore public space - Guerrilla Urbanism and to be co-producers and co-designers all the more important because it the remaking of the Contemporary of their own city, through the impact provides an anchor to all that is City edited by J Hou (2010). The most of the Roskilde Festival on the city. shifting. Nevertheless there is constant comprehensive publication appeared Henning Thomsen investigates the pressure for the urban fabric to modify this year: The Temporary City by Peter story of squatters in Prags Boulevard and change: shrinkage, expansion, Bishop and Lesley Williams. 43 in Copenhagen, and the necessary densification, new transport, new There is a danger that the pre-condition of temporary urbanism building typologies, and changing temporary ways of managing space to break rules and orthodoxies There is an almost universal ownership patterns are but a few of could be misrepresented with careless in order to find new, persuasive acceptance that the future is riddled the drivers. Meanwhile the rate of claims that some of these titles imply. ways of regenerating deprived with uncertainties which seem, for change, weakening economies and Temporary urbanism cannot ever neighbourhoods. Tina Saaby, the the first time since the Ice Age, to be the undermining of local political be a city in itself – it can only be an city architect of Copenhagen, firmly beyond human control. These include: power in relation to global forces element within or a layer of a city. The defines temporary urbanism as one of approaching peak oil supply and a render the usual tools of urban design real strength of this emerging form a number of tools for fixing temporary lack of replacements for fossil fuels; and masterplanning futile. Policies of urbanism is in the lightness of its problems and explores this through a growing awareness that we need change before draft strategies touch that allows for experimenting three projects led by both the public to curb our greedy use of natural become adopted documents, chief and prototyping, and for possibilities and private sectors. Lastly Florian resources; the changing climate; executives hop onto the next job, to be tested, evolved, monitored and Kossak reflects on how temporary the rise of global financial markets; or economic conditions alter almost understood in a way that none of urbanism facilitates discourse on the exposed fragility of institutions before the ink on the masterplan is the large conventional regeneration radical urbanism, as well as the too large to fail (and the fact that dry. projects ever could. So much urban possibility of politicising students most of us do not understand how These are the conditions that design has been delivered at great and providing alternative processes banks and money actually work); an give rise to the notions of temporary cost without understanding place, of making architecture and places. almost simultaneous awakening to urbanism. Meanwhile spaces, pop- engaging with those who live there This family of essays will hopefully wealth discrepancies in many western up shops, beaches in the city events, or testing a prototype to establish contribute further to the evolving countries (and the social damage cultural outdoor festivals, markets, validity and sustainability. discourse about this new way of that brings); rapid population growth; urban gardens, and squats all come We invited six writers to explore urban design. increasing multiculturalism; and, the under this umbrella. the specific power of temporary relentless and exhausting advance Irena Bauman, Bauman Lyons Architects The trend is emerging and is in urbanism to act as the stepping stone • of technology. All of these render the early stages of analysis and to more permanent regeneration. ↑ Emerging Mosque in the structures of decision-making Dewsbury theorising. It signifies a shift from The British experience by Cany Ash

14 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 15 Topic Topic

shape cities in ways that are more accommodating When people take charge to a diversified society. Henning Thomsen looks at squatting in the city today Squatting: a communal activity for private purposes The original squatting community developed from a peaceful beginning in the 1970s and 1980s to become a more radical movement in the early 1990s. Several incidents with police interference, not least the dramatic events of 18 May 1993, helped to form a core community, with a military- like organisation that did not refrain from using violence. This part of the movement in the late 1990s and onwards, developed into what has become known as the ‘autonomous movement’ – a somewhat more radical movement with a limited political agenda. Squatting, as we knew it, seemed to become extinct in the late 1990s. In recent years we have seen a revival of what might at first glance seem to be a new form of squatting. Empty factory buildings or warehouses are being taken over by groups of people in search Pedagogic and Performance Design. For some of a place to carry out various activities. Often years he has worked on a project with the city as a these are of an artistic nature but also more stage for cultural exchange. For a while he was the entrepreneurial and commercial activities, such as manager of the cultural space Under Vandet (Under start-ups in the creative business sector; looking Water). for affordable places to stay and grow, they are Christian and Jesper consider Prags Boulevard 43 attracted to these unassuming yet flexible spaces, as the completion of their apprenticeships in user- usually located in less commercialised areas away driven culture. They initially talked with the owners from the traditional business or office districts. Akzo Nobel. Just two months later the first projects What is remarkably different from the original were able to move into the empty and abandoned squatting movement of the 1970s and 1980s is buildings. They have the right of use of the site and that the buildings and spaces are now occupied in buildings for two years. When I meet the two guys agreement with or even on request by the owners of more than twenty projects and 120 people are using the abandoned buildings, whether they be private the site and buildings. property owners or the municipality. The activity of My initial thought is that it would be quite Once it was called squatting – occupying an nature associated with the history of Christiania, occupying buildings is no longer an action against difficult to get commercial property owners like abandoned unoccupied space or building that the by and large, this was and remained a very peaceful the existing society and its unjust nature, but rather Akzo Nobel to accept this deal of the free use of squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have occupation. aimed at optimising individual opportunities and their property. But Christian and Jesper make it permission to use - today it is called ’temporary The most violent civil war-like events took the ambitions of various people. sound very simple. The same goes for the various urbanism’. This is used pro-actively in urban place on 18 May 1993, in the wake of the Danish To understand what might be going on I visited projects that now inhabit the site. They knew of development sometimes to make citizens familiar referendum on the Edinburgh Agreement, when one such example in Copenhagen, Prags Boulevard some of them beforehand, but most approached with new potential development areas, and Danish police fired guns on demonstrators 43, a temporary take-over of a former lacquer them on their own initiative and because they had sometimes to kick-start urban development by in the streets of Copenhagen. Although the factory. heard about the place from friends. ‘And then they involving the grass roots creative classes, to make demonstrations on this particular occasion were stopped by and asked if they could move in. And an area more lively and energetic before planning tied to a national political situation - the reversal Temporary opportunities – the story we have been able to say, Yes, of course you can’. begins and new buildings are constructed. Has of the Danish people’s decision to say ‘No’ to the of Prags Boulevard 43 Getting out of the chair and doing something for squatting become mainstream or have the squatters Maastricht Treaty in 1992 in a second referendum ‘The spaces may be temporary, but the relations are yourself is an attitude that Christian and Jesper and the establishment simply found ways to on 18 May 1993 with a majority of parties in the lasting.’ They think it sounds a bit pompous saying generally appreciate. join forces that benefit both of their individual parliament now supporting a ‘yes’ - the connection it like that, but the term relations keeps coming up Christian explains: ‘I have this fundamental endeavours as well as the city? between the events during the night of 18 May 1993 when Christian Fumz and Jesper Kofoed-Melson, belief with regard to our society that we get way and the squatting community is undisputed. the two men who initiated Prags Boulevard 43, too much served on a plate. We get an education, Squatting: a communal activity for The foundation of the early squatting movement speak about the project. I meet them on a sunny and it seems as if a road is laid out for us and then political purposes however was very much political. Apart from day among the urban gardening plant boxes at we can just walk along and no one is harmed. But On a few occasions in recent times, Denmark has pointing towards unreasonable housing conditions Prags Boulevard 43 on Amager in Copenhagen. The the personal responsibility, the individual taking a experienced events similar to civil war. Almost all of in many larger cities, and in particular for young site and buildings belong to Akzo Nobel, a large stand, is not necessarily something you come across these events have ties to the squatting community people, the movement also laid bare the fact, that chemical manufacturer, and used to be the location on that road. That is, until you come across a place that grew out of both poor housing conditions, many buildings stood empty, while certain groups of the Sadolin lacquer factory. The property has like Prags Boulevard 43 and until you meet this free as well as a lack of more accommodating and in society had a hard time finding places to be, and been abandoned for several years. Christian Fumz space, where you have to make decisions and meet unregulated places in the city for young people to spaces in which to express alternative ways of living knew of the place because he used to live in a trailer other people that may or may not have quite the gather, a situation characteristic of many larger in the city. not far from it – he may also but he is not certain, same outlook on what a place like Prags Boulevard cities throughout Western Europe in the 1970s and This was seen as an unfair and undemocratic he says with a twinkle in his eye, have visited the 43 is and should be. This is bound to cause friction 1980s. situation created by a certain political and economic property at night some years ago. and this I see as very healthy in the process of The first large squatting event in Denmark system - capitalism. A socialist foundation is Christian Fumz trained as a primary creating something new. You should never get too that also became the most widely known and evident in the squatting movement and the analysis school teacher. He has prior experience from comfortable.’ longest living was the 1971 occupation of the of what was seen as the fundamentally unjust nature Bolsjefabrikken (The Candy Factory) with initiating The occupiers and projects that have moved in ↖ The contemporary Art empty buildings on the former military area of of a modern capitalist society created a fertile and managing a user-driven culture house. At pay a very low rent. It only covers basic communal Space gallery ↖↖ Jesper Kofoed-Melson ↑ Prags Boulevard 43, the Christianshavn in Copenhagen, Christiania, or as ground for various other political dialogues. Many Bolsjefabrikken the idea of ‘space for everybody’ needs like water and electricity, and the spaces are and Christian Fumz, the Akzo Nobel site – a former it came to be known: the Free City of Christiania. of these, and this needs to be acknowledged, have was the guiding mantra. Jesper Kofoed-Melson made available as they stand; whatever interior initiators Sadolin lacquer factory Although there have been incidents of a violent resulted in political actions that have helped to graduated from Roskilde University Centre in decoration is needed is up to the individual user. ↑ Internal spaces being built

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opportunity – what direction it takes hereafter, is not for us to decide. The user has to take charge. This is what it is about.’ Urban life for everyone – At the end of my tour of Prags Boulevard 43 I ask Christian and Jesper what they think is particular temporary measures as a about a place like this. As if speaking in one voice, they say, ‘The particular is that the place is inhabited by committed people who have found a planning method free space in which to express themselves. You don’t Tina Saaby asserts that the city of Copenhagen find many places like that in our modern and very orderly society. You don’t find many public places offers urban life for everyone in the city you can go to without having to spend money. Even the public culture institutions make a living from selling coffee today. You have to spend money. Giving committed people a space and a roof over their heads, that they can actually afford, gives them the opportunity to work on their own projects – and this is our project.’ Viewed through an historical lens, it would seem that the two versions of squatting are distinctly Walking around inside the buildings I am quite different. The earlier squatting took place in astounded by the ingenuity of the many users - opposition to the existing conditions in society, whole interior cityscapes have been created with not least the existing political and economical the help of wood and plaster boards – temporary conditions. More recent squatting seems very spaces in the temporary opportunity. much to take place in accordance with existing A large communal workshop has been set up conditions, not least in accordance with political with tools ready for everyone to use. There is also powers and the workings of the economy in general. a large communal space that the users can occupy temporarily for larger projects that require a big Conclusion space. Currently Danish fashion designer Henrik Viewed through another historical lens, there Vibskov’s carpenter is at work here preparing the is perhaps more that connects the two different next show that will take place in Berlin in a few versions of squatting than separates them, maybe In the City of Copenhagen we see temporary Goals for urban life weeks. what connects them is this: people taking charge of measures as a planning method that can be used In the City of Copenhagen we have established three On our tour of the buildings I am shown both their situation. Even if one version, the original, at when planning urban life and architecture in the main goals for our ambition to create more urban a motorcycle garage and a landscape architect, first glance may seem more politically committed, short term. It does not replace masterplanning, life. The first goal is ‘More urban life for everybody’, who has moved in to finish her thesis work. She the other more recent version seems to hold a lot local planning and other strategic planning tools. the second is ‘More people to walk more’, and the occupies an office from where she can overlook of promise for the transformation of our cities into But it can inform, inspire and motivate planning third is ‘More people to stay longer’. the activities in the urban gardening project more accommodating and inviting environments procedures, helping to create urban life here and Even with these three goals, we are aware that in the yard below. The art gallery, 68 sq m Art for people to take part in and take charge of - just now. we cannot as a city administration create urban Space is situated upstairs, and currently showing without the violence. The focus on urban life is key to discussing life on our own. But with citizens, landowners, the contemporary Thai video art. No projects are The fact that people increasingly want to what kind of city we want in Copenhagen. We business community and experts of various kinds deemed unsuitable. The site and buildings will take charge of their living situation in the city have recognised that by discussing urban life we can create a city that invites people to take part. become full up, but this is just the way it goes, has dramatic repercussions on urban design as and what architecture does to us, more than how We can also make it easier for people who want to they say. It is rewarding to be able to say yes a professional activity. This though is another architecture looks, we can establish a dialogue with get involved and who have ideas on how to make the and see creativity blossom. ‘A couple of ceramic story. citizens about how the city should develop. city livelier through initiatives. artists moved in. Next to them some spaces stood • One such initiative is called ‘Gang i København’ empty. Jesper and I were discussing what would Metropolis for People (Making the city happen). This is a task force be the next project moving in. But before we even In the strategy from 2009, Metropolis for People, group that works strategically across different finished our deliberations the ceramic artists had we define urban life as the experience, the administrative sectors and ensures that people with already appropriated the spaces – they had always expression, the movement and the meeting of projects share a common administrative gateway dreamt of a space, where they could invite foreign people. Urban life is not just about café life and to the municipality. One point of contact makes it ceramic artists to come and work for a while and tourist spots, it is what happens when people walk less complicated for people and businesses to make at the same time inspire their own work... this is around and hang out in public spaces. Urban life things happen. When events are run in the city - a amazing, is it not?,’ says Christian. happens on the squares, streets, in the parks, festival, a sports event, a temporary business in a Jesper again mentions the word relations. playgrounds and when cycling through the city. container, a bike selling food, etc. - you are a part ‘We are very attentive to relations, the cross The point here is that urban life is much more of a temporary project in the city and part of urban disciplinary connections we can help nurture. We than buildings and urban space, it is also much life. can see that great dynamics come to life when you more than what we as architects and planners can The initiative ’Making the city happen’ also aims encounter so much diversity. This is what we try design. to make it easier to set up temporary projects and to to be, the entity that connects owners and users. Overall the City of Copenhagen has an use temporary measures in the urban development We try to create new ways of organizing activities, approach to urban design where we consider of the city, from the large scale and ambitious to the ways that go beyond the existing institutionalised urban life before urban space, and urban space more modest and unorganised. Several publications ways.’ before buildings. This approach gives us a better help to inspire people to work with temporary Christian and Jesper talk about the difference opportunity to discuss what a city should be like projects as events but also in the form of more between passive and active culture users. ‘Being as well as to evaluate how succesful our different physical projects. • Henning Thomsen, an active user is what this place is about. Being in initiatives eventually are. By going beyond what the But how does all of this work in practice and ↖ and ↖↖ The Plug and Play architect, political scientist dialogue with other people, meeting other people city looks like and taste as a defining parameter, what can we learn from working with temporary Park, Orestad and writer, in Copenhagen, ↑ Sundholm South lighting Denmark, and Head of instead of just taking care of yourself and your we are much more able to establish goals and measures in urban development? Three very project Planning at Schonherr, own project,’ says Christian, and Jesper agrees: accompanying markers on which we can collect different case studies from Copenhagen explore this ↗ Experiencing the Denmark. ‘We give people an opportunity, a temporary data and evaluate progress. - the Plug-and-Play park in Ørestad, the temporary Carlsberg rope shelter

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Company (the public-private owners of the site), on creative businessess and cultural activities, and various foundations, the process of creating the to create attention and interest for the Carlsberg Plug-and-Play park is evidence of the multi-level site as a whole. Furthermore Carlsberg, together and multi-actor approach, that is deemed necessary with the City of Copenhagen, began a temporary to make urban development projects a success transformation of the public spaces to attract today. visitors and create urban life, even before work on Apart from attracting new visitors to Ørestad site had begun. The assumption is that this will also and establishing a more positive and youthful help to generate interest from investors. identity, the project also helped to create a new Three new temporary places have been created focus on the whole street sport scene and insights in this process, with a special focus on how to into how these urban sports have their own visual move in urban space in new ways, combined with and architectural expression - changing our an urban design that also invites you to stay and perceptions of a playground. rest. The design is being done in collaboration with movement experts and architects. Transition – Temporary lighting in Thus the temporary projects take advantage of Sundholm South the rough industrial surroundings and also offer ‘Transition’ in Sundholm South, a temporary new experiences that are particular to the Carlsberg lighting project with light installations in five site. The new temporary spaces therefore help to different locations, is a part of an strenghten the identity of the area as a creative hub. scheme. It puts special focus on the spaces that are The new urban spaces in Carlsberg are also very empty, during the period when plans are still being much in line with the overall aspirations of the City finalised and everyone is waiting for the permanent to create urban life and make people stay longer in foundation stones to be laid. the public spaces of the city. lighting project in Sundholm South, and the use of In Copenhagen we have several urban renewal These spaces have been analysed and evaluated temporary measures in the re-development of the projects. Part of the strategy for this is that they in order to understand how people use them and former Carlsberg brewery site. involve local people in developing urban space think of them. When asked to choose a particular projects alongside the other renewal initiatives that word to describe the new urban spaces, more than Ørestad – Plug-and-Play Park are taking place in the area. Citizens in an urban 25 per cent of the people interviewed chose words The Plug-and-Play park in Ørestad in Copenhagen renewal programme often attend workshops or like ’different’ and ’alternative’. – they seem to have is a temporary park for various urban sports public meetings to discuss how for example empty a quality that makes them distinctive. This would activities. The aim was to make an urban attractor, spaces can be transformed into more active areas. indicate that we need to consider individual quality a destination on an empty site in an area where However, this can take years of negotiation and and atmosphere, and to try not to equip all of our investors eventually will be building new housing planning, and are processes that the average citizen urban spaces in the same manner, but to cater for and offices, but which is currently vacant. Ørestad has no access to. To use light in temporary projects differences. is a new urban quarter less than ten minutes has an enormous architectural effect and for a from historic Copenhagen, close to Copenhagen limited budget big changes can be achieved. The Airport Kastrup and the bridge to Sweden, lights have brought attention to the area and helped To use light in temporary projects Ørestad is the geographic centre of the Øresund residents to re-discover their neighbourhoods. One Region and a gateway to Copenhagen because of resident said ‘I’ve never noticed that entrance to the has an enormous effect and for a its exceptional traffic connections, and there is a park before’ and another ‘It is a new sensation to limited budget big changes can be vision for Ørestad as mixed use . About walk through the passage now that there is light on 5,000 people live in Ørestad today and 10,000 the trees’. achieved people work for businesses there; in 15-20 years’ The temporary lighting project takes place in time, Ørestad is expected to have about 20,000 the spaces that people use every day and therefore inhabitants and 60,000 – 80,000 people working is a strong vehicle for citizen involvement and A further aim in these projects has been the in the area. changing behavior in the use of the city. The project attempt to create urban spaces that inspire physical In August 2009 the 25,000 m2 new Plug-and- creates a dialogue and alters the experience of the activity without being laid out for traditional sports Play temporary park was opened. The park has neighborhood before it is transformed through activities. The scupltural quality of the temporary been specially designed for use by skaters, parcours more permanent projects. spaces invites people to use them to climb and jump, practitioners, basketball, volleyball and football and they have been used by parcours practitioners players and dirt jump riders. The idea at the outset Carlsberg as well as for modern dance. was to attract both traditional sports as well as In 2010 three new temporary spaces at Carlsberg Carlsberg has concluded that the ambition to give space to newer street-oriented sports opened. Carlsberg is one of the new developing to make more people aware of the area and to activities. It was the first designed parcours field areas in Copenhagen situated in one of the old city attract them to walk through the site before the in Copenhagen and it attracted kids that normally districts. In 2006 the Carlsberg brewery decided transformation of the site as such has begun, has never go to Ørestad, who now suddenly take part in to move beer production away from Copenhagen. been succesful. The waiting list for the short-term the urban life in this part of the city. More than 160 years of brewing had come to an end lease of spaces for office and other uses has also In order to also attract more advanced and and the door was opened for a totally new use of the grown, with more people now wanting to rent demanding sports practitioners, the design is of a site in the heart of Copenhagen covering an area of spaces at Carlsberg. very high quality level - the investment of nearly 15 more than 30 ha (75 acres). together, new materials, and a new understanding ↑ The Carlsberg rope shelter million DKK - was not insignificant in the light of In 2007 Entasis, a small Danish architecture Temporary measures as a planning of urban design. Temporary measures can help ↑↑ The Carlsberg Site it being temporary. Another important aspect in office, won the masterplan competition to method makes sense us to push the boundaries and discover new master plan and key projects the conception and design of the park has been the transform the site. Entasis’ plan emphasises the The three cases show different ways of working opportunities. In Copenhagen, we find that working involvement of stakeholders who would eventually spaces that people share rather than focusing on with temporary measures. In Ørestad it creates a with temporary measures as a planning method be the users of the park. Thus the organised and individual buildings. Urban space is essential. When new destination and acts as an urban attractor. In makes sense in a lot of different ways. semi-organised urban sports communities became the detailed plan was finished in 2009 the financial Sundholm South it is a way of creating dialogues • involved very early on and throughout the design crisis had already started and the development of and changing people’s behavior, and at Carlsberg it and construction of the park. Together with the the area was slower than expected. In light of this creates stories and identity. Tina Saaby, City ↑ Sundholm South lighting financial contributors that range from the City Carlsberg started to let the exisiting buildings on In all three examples we also see innovative •Architect, Copenhagen, project of Copenhagen, the City & Port Development short-term and very affordable leases focusing architecture, experiments in how people work Denmark

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festival is conceived as a city, built over the course of a few weeks and active for eight days. In many Citizens as urban way it resembles a real city with main roads, streets, paths, quarters, squares, neighbourhoods, residential areas, restaurants, supermarkets and co-producers shopping. It is divided in two main areas: Jes Vagnby and Peter Schultz Jørgensen describe The camping area has an open structure formed around the varying topography of the Roskilde Festival’s ethos and influence landscape created by local gravel extraction. The first four days of the festival take place in this area only. The music area, open to the public the last four days of the festival, presents itself as a more closed, flat urban structure. It is inspired by dense cities like New York, where crossing the street allows you to move from one atmosphere to another. The festival team has learned a lot about how to create well-functioning and open urban spaces from the self-organising planning of places and activities carried out by the many festival participants over the years. This temporary city is based on a humanistic Black Fences foundation. The main idea informing both the The black fences are important physical and planning and execution of the city is ‘the meeting’: architectural frames. They delimit the festival the meeting of people, of people and art, and the from the world outside and divide the festival sense of community and inclusiveness that the area into smaller areas. They are minimalistic in festival and its structure engender. This logic has order to liberate participants and stimulate their created a city with a multitude of public spaces, own activities. In daylight the black fences create cultural offers and opportunities for participation. a geometrical frame and a black background, that The temporary city is open to spontaneous events let the diversity of the festival participants stand and thereby hands the initiative for the shaping out. Installations have a sculptural, decorative and content of the city over to its inhabitants. expression that attracts people. The real difference it has from a real city is At night the black fences blend into the that the festival city is temporary and planned darkness and the spaces appear drastically on the basis of values that put people and social different. The many different installations and Since the 1960s, most major European cities movement also is a sign of our disjointed times. space at the heart of it all. A spirit of freedom and art works stand out poetically. When darkness have seen squatters and various political activists The previous industrial city must be followed by opportunity is present that allows the festival falls their characteristics change and they become bring new urban qualities into action. With great something else - which we have just begun the participants to share in and co-create the social scenes of inspiring lighting designs. conviction they have shown the need for certain search for. Perhaps the most important realisation function of the city, its main values, its physical The spaces and installations are designed to dissociations from the established notion of the now is that cities are fluid. We have only just structure and mental qualities. stimulate the individual festival participant to take city, as well as presenting alternative forms of urban glimpsed the kind of dynamic urban society, which By putting so much weight on social processes part and challenge themselves – both individually life. The establishment has often reacted by clearing will give way to new and more complex urban and participatory spaces, the festival creates a and in collaboration with others in projects that out derelict areas – with or without the help of the structures, where our urban communities work democratic situation, where the participants supports the community. This is a very specific police – to maintain norms and forms of order. together. Planners, designers and all involved in become creators and experience a sense of characteristic and one that makes Roskilde Festival In spite of opposition, this socially conscious the development of cities need to address these ownership. Because the festival only lasts a few stand out from all other festivals. Installations are activism has inspired architects, planners, issues: new functions, active interaction between days, there is a city plan that determines the positioned between different music stages, and authorities and investors to come up with new buildings and urban spaces, socially engaging main structures and framework for participation. are aesthetic in themselves, but also demand the architectural solutions, , forms of design, a dynamic aesthetic, a new sensuality, The strategy in the physical plan has three main participation of the festival visitors in order to fully urban life and more fluid urban spaces, and created and most of all, new forms of democracy in the components: musical/ artistic opportunities come to life. more diverse aesthetic languages and a relaxed, city. All of this needs to be developed and find its for development; social opportunities for free-and-easy urban design. It has become evident equivalent in education, professional practice development; and, intellectual opportunities Shadow cube that less hierarchical processes of democracy do and the way that municipalities work. We see for development. The temporary nature of the The shadow cube is a 10x10x10 meter scaffolding work in urban . citizens as co-producers and co-designers of festival has led to many experiments with various construction allowing the audience to get to a An offshoot of this movement is a new trend their city, together with a more fundamental architectural structures, elements and themes viewing platform via a spiral staircase. The stair in urban life, but without the same radical values. social restructuring of society, as something very such as time/ space, text and context, dramaturgy, winds around a core of powerful light, and the It is a global trend, where creativity and ideas important. mapping and dynamic authenticity. exterior of the cube is clad in white fabric, making occupy urban spaces within temporary projects. Being temporary is but one dimension of One of the starting points for the processes shadows appear whenever someone walks up Some urban communities – which include many the fluid city. Temporary measures are both the of participation is in the many agora within the the stairs. The festival participants are invited to architects and artists – have reclaimed spaces, means and a condition that help to dissolve and camping area. These agora contain fireplaces for perform their own individual shadow theatre as and turned them into laboratories and stages, reconfigure the otherwise petrified city. In this cooking, cell-phone charging, toilets, shops and they climb, and it makes looking at the cube from in changing locations to allow for a lifestyle that process of change, new forms of democracy can chill-outs areas. But equally important they also the outside very entertaining. A natural dialogue transforms unused space into cool places. This come to life adding to established ideas. The city are kept free to allow for the festival participants’ between inside and outside, between actor and contingency, moving from place to place in the can be set free and become a growth factor in an own initiatives. Parties, construction activity, spectator is created. city, usually lacks a social dimension and becomes economy otherwise stagnated. sculpture and other art installations have come to simply a symbiosis between developers and the life in the agora, as have libraries, ecological food Seating urban ‘grasshopper’, which seeks to attract people Roskilde Festival and drink stands, dating spots and the infamous In the areas that are not musical spaces, a to their place to increase the value of their next Roskilde Festival is an annual event held since naked run. The agora are often planned with the multitude of different sorts and individually upcoming project. 1971 in Roskilde, Denmark. The festival has about help of social media in the months before the designed seating is positioned, with the aim ↑ Roskilde Musicon Art As was the case with the original urban 80,000 paying visitors, 30,000 volunteers as well festival opens, which helps participation and of encouraging social behaviour, play and fun. ↑ Roskilde Festival Shadow Project, a city of sound movement in the 1960s, this other and more recent as 5,000 musicians and members of the press. The co-creation by the festival participants. All will allow you to sit in or on them; some are Cube

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rather than from within small towns, where as design factors. Another advantage is that some surprising but overlooked potential exists. of the funding will come from the waterworks of the Musicon is very much a part of the city that is city, as they would have to create canals anyway. being created by citizens and local stakeholders. No The park is laid out on a former landfill site that final master plan has been produced, as this would still requires gas venting. Part of the area will be a inhibit and reduce the opportunities that could arise park in the future, while other parts will be built up from a more unstructured and dynamic approach. when the land is stable. Part of the park therefore A few guiding principles have been installed and a is temporary, although in existence for quite few structuring elements decided, such as traffic, sometime. Although the skate area is constructed scale and certain pollution-preventing elements. from earth, it will contain many urban elements But the most important element is dialogue and the such as stairs, railings and edges, originally not participation of the social, cultural and economic designed for skaters but used by them. The urban layers of the city. design lives on and becomes part of the park. Three new major projects, collectively named Another example of the collaboration between the ROCK magnet, are underway in Musicon and Roskilde Festival and Musicon is Pixlpark, a digital they are all connected to Roskilde Festival. A playground. Many of the elements of Pixlpark were foundation is responsible for how the festival shares created for the festival first and then integrated into its profits and donates these to various projects. Musicon later. Pixlpark combines technology with The Danish Rock Museum is one of the projects that playing, physical movement, sensibility and social will benefit from a donation. It is a new knowledge activities. centre, social meeting place and involves a museum, which has come about via the initiative of Roskilde deliberately made too large for one person, but Municipality, Roskilde Museum and the rock milieu Developers think of individual also slightly too small for two people. Others are in general. small houses that give shelter from the rain, while Another institution is the Roskilde Festival buildings and not about the city others are large soft plateaus big enough for many High School that has been started by Roskilde fabric and its social dynamics; and people at a time. Festival. The High School will connect culture The experiences from Roskilde Festival could and innovation in an environment that nurtures the city we get depends on the – with some translation and adaptation – be engaging, responsible and critical citizens. The process we use used in real cities. As the physical structures Roskilde Festival, Musicon and Roskilde city will are only meant to last a few days, the advantage be used as a test bed, because the school puts that the festival has is that every year it has a great emphasis on practice and social involvement new opportunity to incorporate lessons learned rather than theory alone. The Roskilde Festival From temporary to permanent from former years. It has also time to make plans headquarters will soon move into new premises in Interesting things happen when large scale building based on the needs of the citizens. Temporary in Musicon, and the doors of these new institutions takes place. Often cities have had ambitious this context means working with the city as an will open in 2014. building programs and great visions, but these organic entity in a constantly changing process have only led to disappointment. City planners’ with and for the people. In the real city this is From plywood to Rabalder Park imaginations have not been able to keep up with very different. Musicon in Roskilde is an example In 2004 Roskilde Festival established a skate park reality, and developers and architects have not of how Roskilde Festival and Roskilde city have located in an open field. Over the last three or four understood them or not played by the book. begun to work together to take the lessons beyond years local skaters have established a dynamic and Enthusiastic developers have appeared with star the festival itself. highly active skate milieu in Hall 12, a hall that once architects and tried a more traditional approach, for common ownership with the neighbourhood, ↑ Social furniture at the belonged to the concrete factory. The skaters were but without understanding the need for the and whether the project belongs in Musicon at all. Festival Musicon some of the very first users of Musicon and were co-creation role of citizens. Developers have a It is only when this has been settled that the final In 2003 Roskilde municipality bought a 24 ha given the right to use the large hall free of charge. bottom-line of their own to pay attention to, and deeds are signed. former concrete factory on the southern outskirts They were given plywood and started to design this bottom-line is not necessarily the same as the In this process individual projects become of the city. The municipality had just developed and build ramps. Hall 12 has become the heart one that the city lives by. They think of individual connected in a dialectic between building and an urban strategy focusing on culture, creativity of a youth environment that today also plays an buildings and not about the city fabric and its the urban environment. The constant focus on and music, and the city council therefore decided important part in the continuing development of social dynamics; and the city we get depends on the the overall urban environment also makes the that this new part of the city should be developed the Musicon area. The Hall 12 users were very much process we use. individual building better, and it becomes possible as a musical neighbourhood – Musicon.The many responsible for putting the idea of Rabalder Park on To encourage better outcomes, Musicon has to tie buildings together across plot lines. The musical dimensions in Roskilde were to become the public agenda and also took active part in the set up the Creative Project Guide: How to carry challenge is to move the focus from individual the tissue from which the city should grow. The development of the project itself. The four-hectare out projects in Musicon; for the administrators business and privacy to the common good and idea was that the new part of the city would take Rabalder Park opens in 2012, and is a hybrid place. of Musicon, and for developers and investors the co-creation. But the world is not ideal. Musicon has its cue from the activities that would arise in It is both a park meant for physical activities such absence of a formal master plan is an advantage. to be able to maintain its idealistic vision when the Musicon and draw inspiration from Roskilde as skating, BMX riding, parcours and picnics, as The voices of citizens can continue to inform the investors’ need for profit and the more complex and Festival, which meant so much to local people. well as a rainwater catchment area with 60-90cm projects and it would be difficult for all parties different voices of the musical stakeholders come The many local volunteers that help to create the canals draining water to three large basins. The involved to keep track of the opportunities and together. We believe that citizens wish to make the festival every year and their many skills constitute open areas are used as tracks and bowls by skaters, needs at any given point in time. Before building city their own and we should support this so that a culture of their own, and one which it has taken roller skaters and BMX riders, and a 145m long can commence projects must go through five phases the city can be a co-creating partnership that allows Jes Vagnby, former many years to establish. canal system will lead to a large bowl. In the US that are carried out on the basis of a contract. The urban cultures to flourish in a dynamic way, and on •architect in charge of the It is our belief that Musicon could not arise skaters have been using dried out cement canals intention is to optimise the needs of Musicon as a democratic foundation. physical and aesthetic • development of Roskilde anywhere else, but is a product of a specific and riverbeds for the so-called snake runs, and in well as those of the investors. In the first phases Festival and author of culture and that the planners and politicians in Musicon these will be integral to the dense urban the potential of the project for Musicon’s aims are Temporary architecture and Roskilde paid attention to it at just the right time. environment. The surplus soil from the canals will established. This is not a one-way dialogue, as the the physical planning of Being able to read the qualities of a city, note the also be used to create a landscape of hills. This is positive contribution that Musicon will make to the Roskilde Festival. Peter momentum, and transform this into progressive an environmental consideration as it is expensive their projects often surprises investors. The project Schulz Jergensen, architect, , freelance actions is a skill that planners should be very to remove surface soil, but acceptable to move it is scrutinised in terms of function, character, writer, and former consultant ↑ Musicon, the PIXLMOVE careful to nurture. Too often solutions are sought around within individual land parcels. In other sustainability, partnerships, coordination with employed by Roskilde experience in globalised hyped-up ideas from elsewhere, words the environmental regulations are being used other projects in Musicon, how the project allows Municipality.

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sharing these three stories is the opportunity for real anecdotes to shed light on aspects of temporary A Tool Towards Adaptable urbanism, to argue for recognition and the support of bottom-up urban shaping, and to challenge the Neighbourhoods currently unhelpful rhetoric of place-making used by the regeneration industry. Cany Ash calls for locally derived urban vitality All three projects occupy difficult urban territory, places generally ignored or patronised by the development industry. Abandoned buildings and landscapes are fickle. In dull light, their neediness is unattractive, but in the right company, at the right moment, they offer a promise of freedom. Then momentarily escaping the normative plans of the landowners, new urban inventions can take root. The problem is these cracks in the system are all too rare. Under normal circumstances, property is just not a place where people can ‘try things out’. Novelty in the serious world of real estate is restricted to marketing tactics rather than any fundamental rethinking about how we live, work, and consume. This contrasts with, for example, drug development, manufacturing and even advertising, where ways are devised to the shops that exist on this side street because of ↑ Spaces for playing chess mock-up future scenarios; and running back to the market, but also bring people to the street and and socialising new starting points with data to launch improved sustain longer trading hours. variants is completely respectable. By contrast, in has recently lost half of its stalls. property development, we have built an ossified However it is in the interests of this symbiotic mix system around the business of making cities, and of networked Stars that it should thrive. During with every year the burden of more risk registers, Green Sky Thinking Week in September 2011, we more commercial confidentiality and more set up stalls and events which led to the creation planning consultants’ fearmongering means that it of the Friends of Leather Lane, run by a mix of gets more rigid and further away from people. local business, stall traders and shopkeepers with Trying things out on the ground is an antidote the aim of attracting new kinds of commerce and to the mystification latent in most 20th century publicity. We are looking at a Business Improvement manifestos of architecture and urbanism, where District for Leather Lane and there was insufficient room for anecdote, or for which will focus on street level activity and local We have recently been developing the idea of profane could play out on a rather small patch of evidence that refused to settle into the expected employment. We have made strong connections adaptable neighbourhoods, or the notion that paving around St Paul’s Cathedral, revealing the patterns. As a result, over the last 50 years every with other London street markets who are further of challenged city areas cracks in a truce between the state and church city in Britain has produced inexplicable barriers along this road. We are convinced that real change is best carried out incrementally, using existing brokered in the sixteenth century. The Church to urban life: giant objects which have been must come from the Stars themselves, but they need economic and social networks as its basis. This of England is territorially strong, but appeared insufficiently loved, mass housing that doesn’t a vocal fanbase to turn around the fortunes of the model deliberately opposes itself to the more suddenly uncertain of both its powers and, more hold its value, confusing disjunctions where one market. See www.leatherlanestars.wordpress.com orthodox form of comprehensive redevelopment, fundamentally, of its remit. For a while these urban nostrum hits another. Jane Jacobs was to join in. which requires the erasure by means of wholesale three places will have had a heightened psycho- amazed by the rejection of urban vitality and demolition of pre-existing urban and social geographical presence for participants, other the failure to absorb ‘in your face’ evidence. As Canning Town Caravanserai patterns. This article looks at how temporary citizens and tourists. Is this enrichment a form of she presciently wrote half a century ago, ‘The Last year we won the Meanwhile London projects can embed that crucial ingredient of urbanism? Clearly the answer has to be yes, but pseudoscience of planning seems almost neurotic competition run by the London Borough of adaptability, which alone can enable blighted it must also be acknowledged that the activities in its determination to imitate empiric failure and Newham with a project called the Canning Town neighbourhoods to thrive in difficult economic of these protesters illuminated a profound ignore empiric success.’ Caravanserai. The project takes a large, barren times. nervousness on the part of city authorities and site on Silvertown Way, opposite Canning Town other vested interests about the issue of change Leather Lane stars train station, where old housing has recently been Occupy instigated bottom-up. British street markets are temporary of demolished. Redevelopment will not take place for Over the last year, three Occupy sites in Madrid, Another form of occupation of the city, long an often successful kind. They may be less elegant at least five years, and in the meantime we have New York, and London (as well as a myriad of hallowed by tradition and tightly controlled by city than French or Spanish markets, but they make been given the site to attempt an urban experiment. smaller ones) have activated discussion and authorities, is the street market. Is a regular street up for this with a more raucous vitality: places of Our proposal is for the creation of a new public demonstrated a version of live negotiation about market a form of urbanism? The answer is yes, and theatrical trade. Leather Lane Stars is a project to space filled with many different complementary space in the city – who owns it and how it should we argue that if the ebb and flow of goods, services promote, publicise and reinvigorate the historic activities designed to be relevant to and to engage be used. In all three cities, protesters occupied and people is the life-blood of cities, then shouldn’t market of Leather Lane in the district of with the needs of locals and visitors, kickstarted sensitive public spaces, and camped out in them. urban designers focus more on the implications of London. The traders are the real stars of Leather during the 2012 London Olympic summer. These In Madrid, Plaza del Sol became a compass interim uses such as protests, festivals and markets? Lane, Camden’s longest street market, playing a activities include small creative micro-enterprises and miniature map of the larger city, with each Three current projects we have initiated at key role as hosts and animators of the public realm involved with trading, making, cooking and neighbourhood hub as an embassy relating back Ash Sakula explore the urban possibilities of within the city. We have identified three different eating, housed in containers and some innovative to its barrio. In New York the issue of so-called temporary or interim uses. Leicester Waterside types of star. Established Stars: traders who have integrally printed lightweight enclosures; a café; a public space turning out in fact to be private was is an unnecessarily blighted brownfield site ripe been on Leather Lane for more than ten years, performance space; a garden; a mini-golf course; acted out in real space and time. Ironically the for incremental development. Canning Town and the ones who really know how the market and a small caretakers’ residence consisting of fuzzy red line of the police barricades not only Caravanserai has a five year temporary life on the has changed over the years: some have been here three eccentrically stacked shipping containers sustained the protest site, but the discussions site of some over-hasty housing demolition in east their whole lives. Rising Stars; some have been which overlooks the whole project. about territory actualised and dramatised the London. Leather Lane Stars is an attempt to use here for months, others for years – the relatively We are working with Groundwork London and ↑ The Canning Town underlying issues behind that protest. The surprise social networking to help to save a rapidly shrinking more recent traders that make up the community Community Links in Canning Town on training Caravanserai in London was that the issue of the sacred and traditional London street market. The value of of Leather Lane market. And Supporting Stars, and entrepreneurial opportunities for the building

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for shoes, an empire of toys, two wholesalers for decorators, an electrical retailer and a national firm of builders’ merchants, recording studios, Stepping Stones: A New bodywork garages, auto rental services, white van sales, and others. Our first forum, held in the café on site, was an immediate success. We found that Approach to Community- while some people already had some contact with their neighbours, they all found it interesting to Led Regeneration network, and discuss future life on the site without the pressure of comprehensive redevelopment. See John Harrison describes temporary interventions www.adaptableneighbourhoods.com/waterside. We are not there yet but can already start to in Dewsbury imagine regeneration without the middle men, generating jobs directly with local businesses without the dislocation and upheaval of a new build vision. Such a vision is insulated from economic shocks because it refuses to lay all its eggs in one basket. Instead, adaptable and incremental development can help to foster a broad range of enterprises of all sizes, occupying buildings of many types, so that can each respond in their own way to ↑ Leicester Waterside and running of the site. This hybrid commerce the winds of change. garden will be programmed so that it can change its At Leicester Waterside, we are rethinking spots - at times restricting entry to the under fives; what success might feel like for a city. In the short or being ticketed for a whole site performance; term, creative new signage is used to shout about but most often aiming for a beer garden ambiance the local businesses, pop-up gardens, events and where the siloed generationally-defined activities markets in the left over spaces. To start with there of London life are eroded and children are are small modifications to buildings, like enlarged welcomed into the adult world. This is perhaps the openings on the ground floor to enliven the public purpose of attempting the project, to prove that realm. In the longer term, flexible licenses and neighbourhoods can host a mix of social enterprise varied forms of tenure will help generate and including young children’s activities, adult games maintain a rich cluster of small-scale enterprise and and activities and a licenced café which allows for experimentation, all operating with an ethos of low socializing between families, young people and the carbon living, alongside new housing that makes elderly. Go to www.caravanserai.org.uk to watch the most of the site’s proximity to the city centre. progress. In June the local recording studios will open up the vacant sites belonging to the HCA for Leicester Waterside Leicester’s Riverside Festival. We have been Leicester Waterside was going to be entirely working with Groundwork Leicester and Transition flattened and rebuilt, but now there are no real Leicester on funding proposals for a new Urban plans for the area because its land values have been Nature Reserve on the site, which will act as a re-calculated as zero. Like the adjacent riverside demonstration project for pocket gardening and I first visited Dewsbury as a child in the late 1980s: immigration - first from Ireland then the Indian site of Frog Island, it is threatened by falling vertical greening around existing business uses. a bored Saturday afternoon shopping trip with my subcontinent - supplemented a growing labour occupation and strange fires. However there seems Regular events and new environmental credentials parents to the nearest Do-It-All. I remember the force. By the mid 20th century the manufacturing little reason for this neglect. The site has impressive will bring people across the to discover raw newness of the sandstone cladding of the retail base had entered a slow decline. The 1980s and resources, a varied collection of buildings of all this other side to Leicester on the banks of the park sheds and vast retaining walls of the ring road. 1990s saw the rise of the edge-of-town retail parks ages, a range of committed local businesses, and River Soar. Seasonal change coupled with seasonal Seven or eight years later, I started high school in which - with a new ring-road aimed at reducing a position abutting the main road into the city. It market activity will attract new audiences and the town - a sixteen-mile daily bus journey to the congestion - gradually drained footfall from the fronts the River Soar and a weir where the river activities to an ignored area. Not all of these nearest Catholic school - and left sixth form college traditional town centre. meets the . There are herons initiatives will have a long life: their temporariness there aged eighteen. I’ve lived in the town for six of Today, although Dewsbury is close to average on and cormorants, protected reed banks and water is a virtue in itself. When developers are once again the subsequent eleven years. many of the standard socio-economic indicators, lilies. The opportunity to investigate the potential vying for the land, local businesses hopefully will In those twenty five years, I have heard low average family incomes, low levels of of the site arose when we won an ideas competition have the confidence, economic power and political Dewsbury attached to the word ‘s***hole’ more than qualification attainment and comparatively high for Loughborough University’s sustainability influence through a Neighbourhood Plan to retain any other adjective. Perhaps that is a reflection on unemployment underline the long-term problems think-tank Adaptable Futures. The brief called the character of the area. my schoolmates, my friends and my past colleagues faced by a significant proportion of residents. for a demonstration of material concepts around and on me. Aside from the truth of the matter, Nonetheless, there are a number of major light adaptability. However we were keen to tackle the Conclusion Dewsbury retains a sense of the gradual decline industrial employers scattered throughout the physical challenges of adaptability in tandem We have high hopes for all three of these projects, of the town during at least the last thirty years, town’s hinterlands, and Kirklees College retains with real life economics in an environment where but we are working against the odds. Unfortunately but offers some insight into the semi-affectionate more than 1,000 students and staff less than a economic and human factors are key drivers. any city keen to see some action in a recession is attitude of those who stick around regardless. quarter mile from the town centre. We started with existing uses and businesses still packaging up bigger and bigger parcels of land But the long and sustained decline is most and established a forum on the ground and online. for unimaginative single or mixed use development. A Shoddy Metropolis evident in the town centre. The market remains a The diversity of businesses on site is impressive. Often a single flashy façade is all that is on offer Dewsbury is the quintessential northern English, regional draw (Britain’s Best Market in 2007) and There is a simple breakfast café, a coffee bar, in exchange for the draining of local commercial post-industrial mid-sized town. The settlement there are successful local businesses. But the layer an ancient pub with a yard that was a bear pit energy for miles around. In this activity is the grew around the medieval Minster on the banks of supermarkets, mass-market clothing stores and along the old Roman wall, the beginnings of a stalemate, the dead space where sounds die, the of a river, and a market developed and served DIY chains that circle the ring road dissolves the nursery under the Baptist Church that has taken purgatory of the might-have-been and the oblivion the regional trade routes that became the road town’s centre of gravity and creates an effective over the first floor of a factory, an independent of hope; but it doesn’t have to be this way. • system and later the motorway network. From concrete barrier between the fine Victorian fabric Cany Ash, Ash Sakula singing school for children and teenagers, a jeans the , mills worked wool from of the urban centre and the neighbourhoods •Architects factory, an electronic assembly line, warehouses the surrounding hills and subsequent waves of beyond. ↑ Dewsbury town centre

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A Place Worth Staying In exams and whatever would come next for them. A In 2009, within this setting and with the backdrop pair of ladies and a foursome of gentlemen from the of the ongoing global economic crisis, Kirklees Owls Sports Group arrived from across the ring road Council appointed Bauman Lyons Architects to and put casual players - often fifty years their junior develop a Strategic Development Framework - to shame. (SDF) for Dewsbury town centre. Their twenty- Another project sought to address imaginative five year vision is based on the idea that Dewsbury re-uses of vacant space. The Broken Window might ‘tap into the capacity of its people to build crunched multiple activities - bakery, bike shop, up Dewsbury’s economy as a thriving market gallery, coffee house - into one day and onto the town’, based on the potential of its young people, ground floor of a long-vacant furniture shop in one the development of a distinctive economy and of the town’s Edwardian arcades. Two brothers the physical reconnection of the centre with in their early twenties provided a range of fresh the surrounding neighbourhoods. The strategy breads and cakes. Their venture in a nearby town identifies long-term, capital investment projects was closing after a year and poetically, the project alongside a programme of short- to medium-term was their last bake in the last week of the lease on stepping stones that can help carry that vision their premises. They sold more bread and cakes through to 2035. These provide a set of ambitious on that one day than during any one week of the but necessarily contingent proposals that aim to preceding year. A local chef’s chutneys and ketchups mobilise present relationships and optimise the sold out before midday. Families, groups of friends, extant qualities of the town centre. wandering pensioners all visited and sat amidst custom-built bikes (for sale) and enjoyed one of the Stepping Stones under-appreciated, gently beautiful spaces that now You could be living in Dewsbury Our practice was introduced to the project as sit empty. Earlier in the week while we were clearing The final project was a candle-lit community ↖ A one-day sewing cafe In this context some major retailers have left the collaborators once much of this formal work was and repainting the unit, Tony, a local window table in the covered market. Local residents and ↗ Candlelit Community town, either in administration or in favour of in place. At that point our own work had been cleaner, popped in to tell us how he had dropped a passers-by shared a fish-and-chip supper with Dinner in the market. Image by Rachel Codling suburban retail parks closer to nearby motorway mainly concerned with temporary, informal urban wardrobe down the stairs on his first day of work local councillors and community leaders, sitting junctions. Much of what remains falls into narrow projects and we were invited to work on a series forty years earlier. He cleaned the windows, thick around market stalls dressed in table cloths and categories: the any-town triptych of Boots, WH of short-term interventions that would be used with dirt, on the promise of a loaf of bread. decorations produced by the sewing café. A security Smiths, McDonalds; network mobile phone shops; to demonstrate some of these ideas. As a result Mid-century Dewsbury boasted five picture guard shared chips with some young men who, high-street banks; discount and £1 shops. Although we set up six proposals throughout the summer houses before the grip of the multiplex tightened in wondering what the fuss was about, had drifted these are all integral parts of many contemporary of 2010 that drew on the themes of the emergent the 1980s, and a new cinema was one of the most over the road from the adjacent Central Station pub. townscapes and serve necessary functions, their masterplan. We used materials sourced exclusively common ideas to come from the Bauman Lyons’ The simple fact of candle-light and chatter offered a predominance in Dewsbury reduces both the within Dewsbury town centre and delivered all the community consultations. We sought to address the rich, friendly animation of an under-used space. distinctiveness and value of the retail offer. This projects on a very short timescale and within a total shallowness of Dewsbury’s cultural and night-time effect is intensified by the breadth and scale of budget of just £3,000. economies - which is currently formed around the Be The Change You Want to See in the the edge-of-town parks and the thin strip of civic nexus of chain pubs and takeaways in the centre and World amenities (library, sports centre, job centre and the cultural programme of the Council-run town Although individually successful, we are aware Minster) located just outside the ring road. We used materials sourced hall - with a film evening amidst the charms of the that none of these projects have constituted real Smaller local businesses, especially to the north exclusively within Dewsbury town train station pub. The unusual, exciting and intimate achievements or changes in the town. But the of the town centre, suggest the potential for a occasion nevertheless demonstrated that a greater interventions do present a minor rejoinder to any vibrant, distinctive destination, particularly on centre and delivered all the projects level momentum would be essential to longer-term pat dismissal of Dewsbury, while supporting and market days. But that promise is precarious. Recent on a very short timescale and within success. supplementing the vision for Dewsbury articulated figures show that the proportion of vacant units A collaboration with undergraduate fashion in Bauman Lyons’ Strategic Development has hovered between 15 and 18 percent since at a total budget of just £3,000 students from the Dewsbury campus of Kirklees Framework. Alongside significant investment least 2003, perpetuated in part by relatively high College saw six young designers invited to create a aimed at the socio-economic and built fabric of rents and absentee landlords. There are a number piece that expressed what Dewsbury meant to them, the town, these smaller projects suggest methods of long-term, near-terminal empty properties. Although hugely challenging, these parameters within a micro-budget of £20 and a three-week through which existing organisations and groups Moreover the area of empty space on ground floor were ultimately thrilling. One of the principles that deadline. Fabrics and accessories would be sourced can negotiate sustained and positive changes in the level is dwarfed by the vacancy and under-use on we established at the outset was that nothing should exclusively from within the town centre. The town. upper floors. be fabricated or faked, and that the interventions diversity of their final work was stunning. An Aztec A key element of that process could be Dewsbury Vacant spaces have been a critical issue for the should occur with very little publicity. This allowed priestess was caught beneath the swooping flyover, Town Team. Initiated by Kirklees Council and local authority, Kirklees Council for a number of the ideas to be realised against the immediate while a six-foot punk in heels and suspenders Bauman Lyons, the volunteer organisation provides years. In September 2011, the issue was brought to backdrop of everyday life and in that respect what prowled the train station platform, and a ballerina a vehicle for citizens to realise this kind of social national attention on BBC2’s Newsnight, when the the interventions lacked in buzz, they gained in performed in an empty parking spot. A clown tip- action in the town centre. The group is beginning anchor quipped that if people thought their town an unmediated interaction with the reality of life toed through the market and a placeless, nomadic to deliver its first projects and make positive centre was bad, they shouldn’t despair because ‘you in Dewsbury. The success of the interventions wanderer sought sanctuary in the Victorian arcade. achievable plans for 2012. Although it is too early could be living in Dewsbury’. confirmed the potential of connecting people and The designs made unusual, vibrant and profound to tell whether the initial promise will be realised, Unfortunately Dewsbury has found itself the focus organisations in unconventional ways. connections with Dewsbury’s architecture, culture the group includes and continues to attract people of national attention a number of times over the The first project aimed to explore one way that and heritage, and demonstrated how open and with the skills and commitment to contribute last decade under more tragic circumstances. the sports centre facilities could be introduced into malleable perceptions of the town might be. The meaningfully to the improvement and the ongoing In the aftermath of the 2005 London Tube the public realm. We set up a full-sized badminton project showed the potential interaction between a life of the town. As individuals we remain closely Bombings and the 2008 Shannon Matthews case, court (81m2 of emerald green fabric machine- vibrant campus and the town centre. involved in that process, not because of the rhetoric Dewsbury was cited in the local and national press stitched in our studio) and a ping-pong table at A sewing café in the covered market on a quiet of the Big Society, but rather because of our hope in as being emblematic of two parallel Englands: opposite ends of the main shopping precinct. The Tuesday afternoon aimed to bring together people the promise of collective, sympathetic action in the of a murderous Islamism and of a feral white overcast mid-summer sky suggested an end-of-term who enjoyed the same pastime but who might place that we live and work. underclass. These gross misrepresentations sports day. For the afternoon we were joined by a never usually meet. Seven people arrived, each • ↑ Temporary badminton in served to over-simplify these tragedies and hastily procession of initially amused then surprisingly from a different neighbourhood and invited by John Harrison lives and the shopping precinct •works in Dewsbury, and ↗ Aztec under the fly-over projected a deep social and normative crisis on a competitive shoppers, an unemployed couple on the Dewsbury Community Action Research Team co-founded Studio Dekka, Heather Stockwell. Image by population of just 55,000 people. Journalists wrote their way to sign on at the job centre and school- (CART), and enjoyed an elegiac July afternoon of tea an architectural lighting and Rachel Codling of ‘the town that dare not speak its name’. leavers keen to fill their summer days between GCSE and home-made scones. design practice

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practitioners, and students within architecture, in the production and perception of the built urban design and the built environment at large. environment. Radical Temporary Urbanism and Temporary Urbanism: its ‘laboratories in real-scale’ are therefore dealing Radical urbanism with political experiments, and the desire for new relevance and impact on Radical urbanism is a term and concept that politics in architecture and urban design. has been used in fields such as planning, human geography, sociology, or critical theory to describe Spaces of Hope teaching urban design a politically engaged interpretation of the built The paramount aspects for a progressive Florian Kossak argues for radical temporary environment, which seeks to achieve social and transformation of architecture, urban design spatial justice. However, this debate is largely and urbanism are to be found within the actual urbanism absent from the field of architecture and urban production processes that shape our built design; what is missing is an analytical and environment, as well as within progressive social, propositional position that would give answers to political and economic concepts and programmes the question of how such a social and spatial justice of usage. It is here where architecture, urban is manifested through built space and architecture. design and urbanism as artistic, cultural and social The earlier articles have dealt with various consequences. It is used as a tactic, not a strategy, At the SSoA we have consequently initiated the disciplines, as intellectual discourses, as well as temporary urbanism strategies in different urban an end in itself, not as a means to something else. research and teaching project Radical Urbanism professions, have the most potential for a radical contexts. They have portrayed success stories as Both these aspects of temporary urbanism that engages with this topic in a diverse range of future. It is here where our Spaces of Hope, as well as the risks or problems that are associated have their place in teaching and research at the levels and formats. David Harvey’s term says, can be made possible. with temporary urbanism. Overall they have Sheffield School of Architecture (SSoA). There is an Radical Urbanism has a historical component: This means a hope for a shift in the processes made the case that today temporary urbanism undeniable rationale to teach specific knowledge the transformative experiments in architecture and questions how and by whom architecture is not only an indispensable tool in the gradual and skills that will enable urban design or and urban design of the avant-garde in the 1920s is produced; a shift that will consequently lead development and regeneration of European cities, architecture students to better engage with the first as well as the politically, socially and ecologically to a necessary transformation and extension of but that it is also a crucial field of activity for form of temporary urbanism practice – after all it motivated positions of the 1960s and 1970s. It the concept or understanding of architecture urban design professionals. might be part of their portfolio in the future. Yet we is also investigating contemporary expressions and our built environment. It is also the hope for One could argue that this is reason enough believe that it is the latter tactical practice - the one and positions in architecture and urban design new production processes that a progressive and for incorporating temporary urbanism into the which is indeed initiated and executed by affected concerned with informal urbanism, bottom-up experimental praxis will have to engage with. architectural and urban design curriculum, and communities, user groups and/or individuals, both approaches, and the collaborative production of These are processes which include collective and if we agree on this, several questions arise. What emancipatory and transformative - that has more built environment to name a few. It is here where collaborative production, questioning normative form(s) of temporary urbanism do we want or critical potential for research and education, and is we work specifically on the notions of a Radical and hierarchical structures, and user participation ought to teach postgraduate urban design or therefore the more crucial aspect to engage with. In Temporary Urbanism. Of particular interest are and interaction, that will ultimately transform architectural students in general? This question is order to distinguish this second form of temporary lessons that can be learned from the tactical and the role of the producer and include new actors particularly crucial as we are potentially dealing urbanism, we can call this Radical Temporary opportunistic approaches in user-led developments into the production of architecture. It is the hope with two very different student cohorts who will Urbanism. in most large cities of the Global South. for a praxis that would positively transform our operate in very different urban contexts. These Structurally this work is supported through the society and the built environment we are living and two groups – either overseas students from fast SSoA research centre AGENCY and the research and Radical Temporary Urbanism working in - for a truly emancipated architecture growing cities in China and India, or UK students teaching project Radical Urbanism. These are also Temporary Urbanism, in its radical political and liberated space. who have to deal with de-industrialised cities and providing the specific theoretical background and understanding, whether as an educational As architects, urban designers, students and who will operate for the foreseeable future in a ideological contexts through which we can explore project or as a real project, can also be seen as academics, it is our duty to initiate, design, and climate of economic stagnation – have inevitably specific temporary urbanism projects in teaching ‘laboratories in real-scale’. They give students, facilitate processes, tactics and tools that allow very different understandings of temporality and programmes and/ or research. Educationally we producers and users the opportunity to experiment these Spaces of Hope to happen. Radical Temporary temporary, let alone urbanism. explicitly conduct this work in the design studio in on a spatial, technological, social or cultural level Urbanism is one approach that we have here at our What are then different elements, moments, the one-year MA in Urban Design Programme of our in a scale identical to that of more permanent disposal. and layers of temporary urbanism that are Graduate School; the six-week live projects at each built structures, or processes leading to more • relevant to these different students? And, how year’s start of the Part II MArch programme; and, permanent buildings. The temporal nature of do we teach temporary urbanism to students? the lecture and seminar course Urban (Hi)Stories structures erected as ‘laboratories in real-scale’ Can the curriculum itself incorporate elements of that is delivered for third year undergraduate as allows for a simplification of the complexities temporality? Can we actively engage in temporary well as urban design Master students. in more permanent building processes. One can urbanism, in temporary urban acts – and if so, thus concentrate on several aspects that are how? AGENCY tested through the temporary urban intervention. Going back to the first of these questions, what AGENCY was formally established as a research ‘Laboratories in real-scale’ thus allow for more is temporary urbanism, one can assume that the centre at the Sheffield School of Architecture in pronounced questions and extreme propositions, first and prevalent understanding of temporary 2007, after various staff had worked on similar and are able to reinforce radicalism in architecture urbanism is that it acts as a test for future more issues for several years. AGENCY chose deliberately and urban design. Furthermore, temporary permanent developments, it is used as a catalyst the slightly provocative strapline (at least for the urbanism and the ‘laboratories in real-scale’ afford to support future development, and it acts as academic context) of Transformative Research into the experimentation of new production forms and place holder in times of economic stagnation. One Architectural Practice and Education. AGENCY processes, whether collaborative or participatory. can also assume that all of these are more or less aims to take ‘a critical view of normative values The aim is for the expansion of the design field moments of temporary urbanism in the interest of and standard procedures in this area, in order both in relation to the actual artistic and cultural established planners, developers, investors, city to propose alternatives’. In relation to research discipline, as well as in relation to its practice. This officials, and corporate business (even if they are we stress the word transformative - to suggest a ultimately can also shift and extend the scope of disguised or promoted as user/ community driven, research activity that both creates and responds to the profession and the role that it plays within the bottom-up urbanism). shifting conditions. Instead of remaining passively production of the built environment. But there is another second rationale for (and safely) contained within our academic Radical Temporary Urbanism thereby challenges temporary urbanism that is of equal importance. environments, we see ourselves as agents acting the prevailing politics of architecture, urban design It is a temporary out of necessity. It is where both within and between the fields of research, and the production of the built environment. the actors/ agents do not have the means and practice, education, and civic life. AGENCY aims Through research, interrogation and critique of Florian Kossak, Director •of MA in Urban Design interest to create more permanent situations/ to act as a forum for testing, mediating and/ or the normative parameters that are commonly programme, Sheffield School structures. Temporary urbanism is cheaper, publicizing research, teaching and other activities, used to produce architecture and the urban realm, of Architecture, University of easier to construct, and without the same legal which are of specific interest to pedagogues and we can suggest alternative forms and processes Sheffield

32 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 33 Urban Design Awards 2012 Urban Design Awards 2012 URBAN DESIGN AWARDS 2012 STUDENT AWARD John Billingham provides an overview of the awards made this year

The 2012 Urban Design Awards took place in the historic setting of 61 Whitehall, London on Wednesday 15th February. It was a celebration of the best urban design being carried out today. Awards were made for a Student Project, a Public Sector initiative, a Publisher, a Practice Project and for Lifetime Achievement. This event was generously sponsored by Routledge Publishers, Tibbalds Planning & Urban Design and Atkins, winners of the 2010/11 Project Award. PRACTICE AWARD STUDENT AWARD LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD ST PAULS NEIGHBOURHOOD RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION, LEA The Urban Design Group launched Introduced by Paul Reynolds Introduced by Richard Hayward Introduced by Duncan Ecob BRISTOL VALLEY its awards in 2007 with the first Project Joint Winners: Winner: Responsive Environments, A Manual Dongni Yao, Student at University of Ralf Furuland, Student at Edinburgh Award being made in 2008. The prime aim Studio REAL for Moat Lane, Towcester Iain Brodie, student at University of for designers Cardiff College of Art of the awards is to give greater recognition and URBED for Brentford Lock West, Strathclyde for Gallowgate Renewal, Authors: Ian Bentley, Alan Alcock, Paul St. Paul’s project is a neighbourhood The site in Lower Lea Valley consists to high quality urban design work and the published in UD 120 pages 44-47 Glasgow (shown overleaf) Murrain, Sue McGlynn and Graham scale, brownfield project located in the of warehouses, landfill, scrap yards shortlisted entries for practices, public Shortlisted: Shortlisted: Smith north-east side of Bristol. The vision for and industrial wasteland. The site is sector and books are published in Urban • Richards Partington Architects, for • Dongni Yao student at University of This award was made to the authors of the the design framework was to create an a threshold between the boroughs of Design. Since 2007, the awards have Howden Urban Extension Master Plan Cardiff (shown on adjacent page) book published by The Architectural Press accessible, prosperous and distinctive city Newham and Tower Hamlets. The river expanded with the introduction of new • NJBA A+U for Rush 2020 Strategic Vision • Ralf Furulund student at Edinburgh in 1985. It examined what is meant by neighbourhood. The design framework Lea is carved through the landscape categories and there were over 80 entries • John Thompson & Partners for Suzhou College of Art (shown on adjacent page) the concept of a responsive environment encourages an increased use of public and has left an industrial heritage in its this year. EcoTown and provides a guide on how it can transport through the heart of St. Paul’s, wake; it now acts as an urban barrier. The awards were presented by Janet • NEW Masterplanning for Greyfriars, be achieved. It includes the concepts forming connections to the city centre and This Radical Reconstruction is an Tibbalds, Chair of The Francis Tibbalds Gloucester of permeability, variety, legibility, the surrounding neighbourhoods. Cycle interpretation of the drawings, words and Trust, which has funded prizes for the robustness, visual appropriateness, paths are provided through a series of ideas of Lebbeus Woods. Transforming Student and Practice categories. In richness and personalisation and how public spaces across St. Paul’s where car these ideas into a workable framework was the other cases – the Public Sector and these different aspects can be integrated access is restricted. a journey, trying to create a structure out Publisher - certificates were presented. In in a project. It has been highly influential The framework aims to increase the of a system that encourages flux, informed addition, a Lifetime Achievement Award in the way that urban design has advanced number of family homes to encourage complexity and change. It involved turning was presented by Amanda Reynolds, Chair as a contributor to environmental quality. life-time residency and promote small, concepts like scarring, free spaces, urban of the UDG, at the end of the proceedings. The award was presented by Amanda independent businesses and facilities prescriptions and augmentations into The awards were originally devised Reynolds chair of the UDG. which are different from the mass retailers an urban framework. The urban code by John Billingham and are administered in Cabot Circus. These businesses and is built on robustness and embedded by Louise Ingledow; the UDG’s Director facilities are located along the main with elements of change in its very core Robert Huxford coordinated the event and routes to retain and attract people into so that the urban form is changed: old the compere was Rob Cowan. St. Paul’s. The design framework sets up structures and roads are reconstructed to PUBLIC SECTOR AWARD PUBLISHER AWARD a series of public spaces with distinctive perform new functions where possible. The judges for three of the awards were Introduced by Lindsey Whitelaw Introduced by Alastair Donald characteristics for different uses serving The transformation from framework to • Louise Thomas - joint editor of Urban Winner: Winner: both family and business needs. To masterplan was riddled with complex Design and Chair of the judging panel Exeter City Council for Exeter Residential Ashgate: Learning from Delhi, enhance vitality and safety in these spaces, overlaying issues at the framework level. • Richard Hayward - academic and Design SPD, published in UD 121 page 38 Dispersed Initiatives in Changing Urban the framework avoids buildings backing This involved creating a layered mesh of practitioner Shortlisted: Landscapes, Mitchell, Patwari and Bo onto the space to provide a good level of rules and guidelines that generates urban • Paul Reynolds, Atkins – winner of the • North East Derbyshire District Council Tang, reviewed in UD 120 page 49 natural surveillance. The master plan for form but also, forces the dissection and Practice Award in 2011 for Urban Design Academy Shortlisted: the new neighbourhood centre consists of removal of urban tissue, making a complex • Stefan Kruczkowski, North West • Gateshead Council for Freight Depot • RIBA Publishing: NewcastleGateshead, flats, town houses and terraced live-work code that both encourages expansion as Leicestershire District Council – winner Visioning Document Shaping the City, Peter Hetherington units. The grid of the master plan traces well as preserving the idea of the past. of the Public Sector Award in 2011 • Planning Aid for London & Knott • Routledge: Urban design, The the traditional grid from the historic The ideas that make up this new urban •  Lindsey Whitelaw - patron of the UDG. Architects for Tactile City Model Composition of complexity, Ron map of St. Paul’s. The development is code, in effect slows the urbanisation • Partnership for Urban South Hampshire Kasprisin divided into three phases to secure the of an area, allowing it to grow at a more for Quality Places Charter • Wiley: Urban Design Since 1945, A successful delivery of the project. The natural pace. This hopefully allows a slow • Carlisle City Council for Castle Street Global Perspective, D G Shane internal pathway between the two blocks movement towards cities that grow with Improvements provides shortcuts and weather protected the population and the needs of the people social spaces for residents. The ground that inhabit it. As urban designers it is floor units are flexible for change between important to move beyond the built form office units or living units. The proposed and the material world, as Lebbeus Woods blocks have ground-floor parking and a said ‘We’ve got to imagine more broadly. raised communal garden with a circulation We have to have a more comprehensive corridor and balcony overlooking it. vision of what the future is.’ • 34 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 35 Urban Design Awards 2012 – Student Award Winner Student Award Winner – Urban Design Awards 2012 GALLOWGATE REDUX ↙ Detailed street design for the Gallowgate Iain Brodie introduces a sustainable urban form to Glasgow’s East End ↙↙ Concept plan showing ideal configuration of nodes, ped sheds and the movement network ↓ Master Plan ↓↓ Aerial Perspective of Whitevale Gardens ↓↓↓ Shared Surface at St Mungos Secondary School/ Bellgrove Park/ Approaching Whitevale Gardens

PRINCIPLES remit set out for students involved the The East End of Glasgow remains one of utilisation of urban design principles as a the most deprived areas in the United means of developing an understanding of, Kingdom, if not within the European and ultimately setting out interventions Union as a whole. Seemingly intractable for the Barras, Calton and Gallowgate social and physical problems persist areas of the East End. here despite decades of attempts at From the outset, community renewal. Although much of this quarter engagement was understood to be a of the city comprises ex-industrial and critical means of achieving long-term, housing renewal brownfield land, it is sustainable outcomes. To this end, the perhaps best characterised as being the Urban Design studio was relocated outside location of the Barras, a once vibrant and of the academy: space was made available renowned city market, now struggling to at the heart of the study area, within the compete socially and economically with Barras market hall. Here, local traders, the adjacent city centre, from which it residents and other stakeholders were able remains stubbornly dissociated. to maintain involvement in the learning In recent years the city centre has and design process. benefited greatly from physical investment which has helped it to reinvent itself PROCESS shared spaces, which are intended to as a standout place of business, leisure Initial analysis was conducted within augment established local horticultural and retail. In addition, in the area to the multidisciplinary groups comprised of activities, while addressing social isolation immediate east of the study area, the Clyde designers and planners. Some groups and diversifying transport options by Gateway URC is driving regeneration collected and interrogated data using providing positive spaces for interaction efforts to improve infrastructure, housing various techniques, including streetfront, and movement. In terms of built form the and sports facilities in time for the 2014 block and network analysis, while perimeter blocks, were regarded as safer, master plan utilises the perimeter block Commonwealth Games. Unfortunately the others placed the area within its policy better maintained and more legible than extensively as a means of defining space. benefits of both renewal strategies have and historical context. To facilitate my those neighbourhoods that had undergone Streets have been designed to a detailed failed to manifest themselves outwith their own group’s qualitative research into comprehensive redevelopment during scale to define their role within the overall tightly defined boundaries. As such, the how people experienced the area, we the 1970s/1980s. The next stage involved hierarchy and been aligned according to area of study has fallen through the gap engaged in interviews and facilitated developing existing and proposed concept townscape considerations. Density has in-between: opportunities have arguably the production of mental maps by local plans alongside wider strategic objectives. been increased to support transport-stops been missed to capitalise on the great stakeholders. It became apparent that Whereas the existing concept plan and services while promoting walkability. affection Glaswegians have for this unique a strong relationship existed between revealed some quite severe discrepancies The Forge, a car dominated big-box retail and characterful place. built form and how crime, safety between population density and local/ park to the east of the area, has been For the 2010/2011 academic year, a and cleanliness were perceived: in regional nodes, as well as gaps in public re-envisioned as a mixed-use town centre partnership was formed between The general, those traditional high-density transport provision, the proposed concept node, with the integration of mixed-uses University of Strathclyde, Glasgow City neighbourhoods, such as Dennistoun, plan sought to provide a normative fix, both vertically & horizontally. Whereas Council, and key local landowners. The which are typified by tenemental indicating the ideal configuration for an the importance of the ‘good ordinary’, or KEY LESSONS • A rethinking of the car paradigm can armature upon which development might quotidian built form is acknowledged by • Detailed investigation into the broader facilitate great environmental, health be based: north-south links, for instance, the plan, specific places of note, such as geography of place is an essential and social benefits: walking, cycling and were found to be lacking. This stage the now derelict Whitevale Baths, have starting point. The configuration of playing can and should be the essential informed the development of a foundation been identified as warranting special nodal and street hierarchies, and the components of any street. masterplan for a selected area upon which intervention. Following the example of mapping of density can only flow from • The fostering of genus loci is as vital a target-densities and new routes were Maryhill Borough Halls, this B-listed this analysis. determinant of successful placemaking plotted. In parallel to this, the studio Edwardian bathhouse is to be redeveloped • Collaboration with local stakeholders as is physical regeneration; successful developed a detailed ‘Glasgow Design as a sports and community facility, brings energy, focus, and critical schemes are able to utilise existing Code’ of typical streetfront typologies. bringing activity to the public square it knowledge to the process. It is also townscape assets as a means of fronts. helps to ensure ongoing support. improving perceptions of place. 25-YEAR MASTER PLAN • The final stage involved the finest grain of analysis; a master plan was developed for a discreet location. This accounted for density, access, active street frontage, street design and townscape. My own project focused on an area of partially demolished but highly accessible modernist housing on the Gallowgate, a key artery into the city. The master plan introduces green routes, allotments and

36 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 37 Book Reviews Book Reviews

An Introduction to Hitler’s Germany merit dishonourable men- a lot of which is expressed in verbal mode, Cities for People developed straight from first-hand experi- to complex ecological issues, which are tions in the history of automobility. Even alongside its visual presentation to clients ence. The benefits of striking commissions reflected in sophisticated external envelopes Sustainable Transport the Dubai debt crisis becomes a problem of and users? Is there a way of incorporating Jan Gehl, Island Press, with international clients and the use of a with balconies, sunscreens, green bridges Preston L. Schiller, Eric transport - of rapid car growth and automo- performance, action and embodiment – as Washington DC, 2010, £31, common methodology are obvious. Rigorous and vegetated ramps puncturing and bisect- C. Bruun and Jeffrey R. tive gridlock. Applying that logic to the UK was done during the swinging sixties? Would ISBN 1 59726 574 8 academic research, long-term project imple- ing facades. The short essay by Yeang at Kenworthy, Earthscan, 2010, £70, financial crash might lead one to blame the such an approach enrich urban design and mentation and publications are all seamlessly the end of the book neatly summarises his ISBN 1844076642 ’s continued public transport bring it closer to others? connected, and make this publication dif- concept of green design as the seamless bio- ‘dependency’. The bulk of Swinging City casts a historic Jan Gehl’s book constitutes part of a world- ferent from others in the field. It is a body of integration of the artificial with the natural In the places where a more neutral perspective on London whose roots the au- view; it embodies a fundamental re-orien- actual commissions and real projects where environment while incorporating the concept ‘It is time for an anti-transport policy’ de- approach is adopted –in the chapters on thor sees both in the physical 1951 Festival of tation in the way that we regard and adopt the ideas have been adopted and re-visited of ecomimesis, the imitation of the attributes manded the Guardian recently about HS2, logistics and economics – the book becomes Britain, and the imported immaterial culture knowledge about the behaviour of individuals over a long period of time. We all are the and properties of ecosystems. a possible new airport, and the prospect more engaging as a result. Ultimately the of American Beat and Angry. Drawing heavily and communities in the development of our beneficiaries. Yet as many groups around the Urban designers will focus on his larger of more roads. The missive was designed message that the ‘culture of mobility can di- on the 60s and 70s underground press such cities. From this perspective, it re-asserts the world have adopted some of the concepts, scale projects as well as his attempts to cre- to question why society should provide the vert progress away from the path of sustain- as the International Times and Oz, Rycroft value of the human dimension in the city over the true effect of Gehl’s work will never be ate vertical urbanism - described in Urban means to zip around the city, as people could ability’ serves to justify the lack of any quest distinguishes between the early lightweight the priority given to objects in the built envi- fully appreciated. Design Futures and A Vertical Theory of make do with walking or cycling. for solutions to better mobility aided by new frivolous swinging London, and marxist politi- ronment. With the origins of this work dating Colin Munsie Urban Design. He proposes to turn ideas for The mantra of reducing travel has been a urban designs, and instead rationalises the cised counterculture later. back to the late 1960s, Gehl’s publications • a horizontal placemaking through 90 degrees central component of planning policy since imposition of evermore controls on people’s Of interest to designers is how Rycroft and projects provide a lifetime’s data collec- to create towers with a multitude of spatial 1994, and An Introduction to Sustainable travel choices. How we could do with a dose interprets the material and immaterial cul- tion by the author, his architectural practice configurations, winter gardens and multi Transportation is a succinct guide to trans- of ambition and modernising zeal that would ture of architecture. He acknowledges sixties and academic groups. Eco Architecture, The work level voids as a form of public realm, albeit port thinking when mobility is viewed suspi- take us beyond the constraints of sustainable London as a liberating place where modern Gehl presents an urgent case for the of Ken Yeang in private space. Bio-interconnectivity is the ciously. Combining an outline of successive transport! society encompassed the old establishment pedestrian and the role of city space as a key to his approach to masterplanning, with transport systems and their relationship to Alastair Donald and creative newcomers. Relaxed planning meeting place. It is an appeal to rescue city Sara Hart, John Wiley numerous green bridges connecting green settlement patterns; logistics and the invest- • restrictions enabled them to colonise run spaces under siege, one that even after the & Sons (UK), 2011, £40, spaces that proceed to invade the buildings’ ment, charging and regulatory mechanisms down areas while a modern vertical city erudite pleas of Jane Jacobs and others has ISBN 9780470721407 communal spaces - mimicking vines ascend- of infrastructure provision; and the evolution emerged, alongside large scale urban renew- been willfully dismissed amidst the explosive ing from the jungle floor up rain forest trees of and the new planning para- Swinging City, al. This free-for-all atmosphere stimulated growth of traffic, destructive welter of ‘shape- This is the latest and most complete publica- into their canopies. Beguiling diagrams illus- digm; much will be familiar ground. a cultural geography of architectural experimentation According to itecture’ and ‘iconitis’ prevalent in much tion on Ken Yeang’s work launched following trate the biointegration of the green network Nevertheless the book acts as a primer Rycroft, this took place within an established recent world city development. his RIBA Annual Discourse in June 2011 and it at all levels through horizontal ‘eco corridors, - from public participation processes to London 1950-1974 geography of representation in the city upon A common theme is that the cause of described his distinctive approach to creat- skycourts and ecocells’. While I agree with the opportunity costs of parking – although Simon Rycroft, Ashgate, 2010, which counterculture was building as well. most of the city’s major problems since the ing an ecological architecture. Ken Yeang Yeang that green design means going well future modes receive but a page of dismiss- £50, Hb, ISBN 9780754648307 In my view cross-fertilisation took place 1950s derives from modernist theories and has evolved his green design methodology beyond satisfying BREAM and LEED ratings, ive text (a fraction of the space dedicated to between marginal and design mainstream ac- a myopic focus on cars; this dealt a blow to throughout his 40-year career from form- I also think that it is time to move on from velocipedes and their now much lauded suc- tivities, which benefited from each other and city life, and has since been promulgated ing Hamzah and Yeang in Malaysia in 1976 to green jargon. Peppering reports and propos- cessor, the bicycle). The case studies further This book may not be mainstream reading were transformed through this process. within the myth of static culture. In a number becoming Chairman of Llewelyn Davies Yeang als with a multitude of green, bio and eco illustrate the authors’ points, while the exten- for urban designers, but it contains thought- Creativity went also along with subver- of ways the text, graphs and diagrams refute in London. The Menara Boustead tower in prefixes may once have conferred an image sive references are useful for those wishing to provoking ideas. His early chapters on geog- sion and put London on the global map this myth which is so ubiquitous that ‘this is Kuala Lumpur built in 1986 was his first bio- of ecological rectitude to the fundamentally explore further. raphy and culture from a phenomenological of desire. Influx and critical confrontation the way we are, we don’t change’. climatic tall building. This is a typology that unsustainable process of building skyscrap- As is increasingly common in many areas angle may challenge designers’ notions about changed London into a populist world city In this book, Gehl’s use of side comments he has made his own through a succession of ers, but now it actually obfuscates the vital of life, the alleged problem is medicalised space and place. One example is the denial which boosted its economy and reputation. within the layout allows the text to flow whilst ever taller and more complex green skyscrap- message. Architecture needs to progress to a through the motif of addiction. Hence the of representation, substituting it for non- What can we learn from that open and cultur- highlighting a change in subject. A more tech- ers that incorporate solar control, natural more mature and critical examination of the quest for fast convenient travel becomes the representational thought, even though a lot ally rich period and can parallels be drawn nical approach of using formal headings and ventilation and greenery for both ecological, persuasive cost-benefit evidence for green problem of ‘auto-dependence’ with all the of his evidence consists of graphics invented with the current influx of newcomers from the bullet points would have resulted in a hard- climatic and aesthetic reasons. His focused architecture. regularly cited attendant social and envi- during the swinging years for music events, world over? And can this neo-swinging period edged textbook, losing some of the delightful pursuit of how a green urban form should Malcolm Moor ronmental ills, which often don’t convince the alternative press, art installations and bring advantages to London in the context quality that makes it so enjoyable to read. function and look has resulted in a distinc- • as causal outcomes, nor seem irresolvable even architecture, eg Archigram’s projects of neo-liberal planning, localism and the big Useful graphic information regard- tively recognisable Ken Yeang architecture. through design thinking. and publications. society to improve the quality of design, the ing the movement and activity of people This A4 book copiously illustrates twenty two The text often proceeds through condem- Another example is Rycroft’s critique of urban environment and everyday lifestyles? in cities is of a very high quality and linked projects with photos, plans and multi layered nation by association. Hence we learn that words as opposed to deeds, although most Judith Ryser to valid research examples, which in most diagrams of the systems and concepts driving ‘Modern imperialism was fuelled by fossils’ of his sources consist of verbalised actions. • cases come from the architectural practice’s his latest research work and evolving ideas. while World War 1, the Great Depression, Does this critique apply to (urban) design, work. It speaks volumes for effective theory Projects explore novel technical solutions

38 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 39 Book Reviews Book Reviews

Shanghai New Towns, were built in western architectural styles Glaeser writes with great gusto and takes a Biophilic Cities, integrating levels. The best known techniques concern are in decline. His main laboratory is the as are the themed new towns, to attract breathtakingly broad view of the phenom- buildings, such as green walls and roofs, Australian city of Newcastle where Lehmann Searching for community more affluent residents and foreign busi- ena that is the modern city. To structure his nature into urban design while interventions at other scales concen- has taught for a number of years and his and identity in a sprawling nesses. Intended to celebrate the meeting of exploration, he asks a series of questions and planning trate on landscaping spaces in-between. students’ projects are the basis of the book’s cultures these architectural stage-sets seem ranging from ‘What’s good about slums?’ to Most difficult to realise is biophilia at the case studies. Chapter 1 outlines the author’s metropolis so pastiche as to be almost ironic. Anting ‘Is London a Luxury Resort?’ He concludes Timothy Beatley, Island urban scale, using green wedges and bringing view of green urbanism and gives background Harry den Hartog (Ed), 010 new town is an Automobile City based on a with an examination of the statement Flat Press, 2010, £21, Pb, rivers back to the surface, connecting cities information on the city of Newcastle, accom- Publishers, Rotterdam, 2010, £34, Volkswagen plant and Formula 1 circuit and World, Tall City. ISBN 978 1 59726 715 1 to nature beyond with green networks and, panied by a generous number of annotated ISBN 9789064 507359 planned by German consultants. But the This is not a book about design. It is how- of course, growing food and woods. Beatley images. Krier-inspired New Urbanist perimeter blocks ever a fascinating view of growth and decline, This book expresses the credo of a very is convinced that implementing biophilic Chapter 2 deals with theories of sustain- ignored Chinese preferences for a southern and Glaeser clearly loves cities but equally dedicated author who sees great merits in principles in cities and encouraging people to ability and its relationship to urban develop- ‘Shanghai is the head of the dragon of China’s orientation so the plan was changed by the dislikes any limitations on the functioning of re-introducing nature into cities and urban live more outdoors will enhance what he calls ment; covering a wide spectrum and citing modernisation’ stated Deng Xiaoping on Chinese design institutes at the implementa- a free market. He paints a vibrant and excit- culture. Based in America he draws the natural social capital. numerous examples from around the world visiting China’s commercial capital in 1990. tion stage. The developer of Thames Town, ing vision of city living but in that vision there bulk of his examples from there. However London could well take a leaf out of though always returning to Newcastle. The Since the launch of China’s transition to a part of Songjiang new city, designed by Atkins is little compassion: the market is good and he includes Australia and Europe, namely this book instead of pursuing a rather ‘bio- next chapter starts with his 15 core principles socialist market economy in 1978, Shanghai announced that ‘Foreign visitors will not be must be served. Freiburg, Hammerby Sjoestad, Gehl’s various phobic’ approach to its public realm. Rather of green urbanism which are interrelated and has been the engine of China’s economic able to tell where Europe ends and China The examples used by Glaeser to illus- initiatives in Copenhagen and, at the city than covering pavements and squares with require an integrated approach. These princi- growth and focus for its experiments with begins’. Dongtan Eco City planned by Arup on trate his thesis are drawn from throughout scale, the Salburua wetlands installed on a flags and asphalt and cluttering them with ples are then developed into what the author urbanisation as China moves from a rural the island of Chonming appears to have lost the world - from 5th-century Athens to 20th disaffected airport of Vitoria-Gasteiz in Spain. bollards, it could use bushes and shrubs calls a conceptual model of green urbanism to urban society. This lavishly illustrated momentum. Harry den Hartog concludes with century New York, and the ethos is essen- He also includes more dubious examples to prevent cars from invading walkways, and examples of good practice are described. bilingual collection of essays by ten Chinese an objective appraisal of the current planning tially North American. Given that, why would like Masdar City in the desert, or Calatrava’s experiment with more permeable surfaces in Chapter 3 is taken by four case studies, and Western critics covers both China’s ur- situation describing the satellite towns as the book be relevant to urban design in the Chicago Spire. streets and squares, and let people colonise three of which are based on studio work by banisation and the attempts of the Shanghai a good model of a Multi Centric Urban Field UK? The emphasis on the market clearly has What differentiates biophilic cities from edges along their houses and railings with Master of Architecture students at Newcas- Municipality to decentralise the city while with extensive public transport extending resonance with current government policy- eco-cities or other greening programmes plants, as well as growing food on London’s tle; the fourth is a real project - the author’s safeguarding the fertile agricultural land of out from Shanghai. Overall this is a well- makers as does the notion that house prices is the importance attached to knowing and many neglected areas. The argument is that masterplan work for the city of Taree in New the Yangtse delta. Jiang Jun, editor of Urban produced current and thoroughly researched remain stable when developers are free to nurturing nature. Beatley advocates the need this would mean more maintenance, but South Wales. The final chapter of the book China magazine, gives an historical overview book with useful data and illustrations. respond to changing demand. The chapter on for all urbanites to observe and learn about solutions are at hand, especially in the UK looks beyond the boundaries of Australia explaining the danwei system - worker unit Malcolm Moor why sprawl has spread makes good reading. nature from micro- to macro levels and he where people love gardening. and considers the future of urbanisation in housing introduced in 1949 that divided the • This follows the rise of Woodlands in Houston gives many examples of wildness in cities. Judith Ryser the Asia-Pacific Region, suggesting ways of population into rural and urban danweis. as the USA’s most popular location for sub- He omits mice, rats or foxes and the damage • achieving green urbanism. Based on ’s neighbourhood urban living. Glaeser is not however seduced that they create in cities, while mosquitoes Covering 900 pages, this is a big and unit of 10,000 people as at Radburn, danwei Triumph of the City: How by Woodlands’ investment in social capital, are mentioned just as food for bats. His image heavy book. It is well researched and il- layouts were modified by Russian advisors Our Greatest Invention and acknowledges the unsustainability of of nature is benign, without referring to its The Principles of Green lustrated, provides a rich amount of useful to adopt a superblock system, and then by suburbia. rather brutal food chain. Urbanism information, and the author is undoubtedly Chinese planners to become micro-districts. Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Glaeser’s ideal is the high rise city; he has His definition of biophilic cities is a bio- passionate about the subject. But it does The paternalistic system of lives controlled by Greener, Healthier, and little time for Mumbai’s building height limi- diverse city full of nature, small and large, Steffen Lehmann, Earthscan, appear to be a cross between a compendium neighbourhood xiaoqu committees was loos- Happier tations and though he admires Jane Jacobs and working hard to restore and repair lost Oxford, 2010, £49.99, of lectures and conclusions from studio ened after The Four Modernisations but the he dismisses her ‘love of restricted heights nature. For him, nature has to be integrated ISBN 978 1 84407 817 2 work, and a manual for green urbanism. It Chinese city can still be read as a collection Edward Glaeser, Macmillan, and old neighbourhoods’. He also has little into the design of every new structure. To is unlikely that any one person will read the of autonomous villages or danweis. Oxford, 2011, £25, time for edifice error - his words for the ten- that effect he has produced a set of indica- Steffen Lehmann is Professor of Sustainable whole book and it might have more impact Dutch urban designer Harry den Hartog ISBN 0230709389 dency to think that a city can build itself out tors of biophilic cities, together with biophilic Design in Australia, and over many years if published differently, perhaps as separate gives a concise history of Shanghai’s urban of decline. Human capital provides the city’s activities, attitudes and knowledge, and he has reflected on how sustainable design articles or booklets dealing with individual is- planning that led to the 2001 strategic plan real strength and he claims that ‘cities are institutions and governance. These character- should go beyond the individual building sues. This may go against the very justifiable labelled the 1-9-6-6 Mode - one central city, An exciting, provocative, enthusiastic, dis- made of flesh not concrete’. To be success- istics differ from green cities which empha- to encompass the whole city. He has used holistic approach advocated by Lehmann, but nine key cities, sixty small towns and six hun- turbing and even amusing book - the Triumph ful cities must remain flexible and maintain sise energy efficiency and public transport. teaching studios to develop his thoughts and in spite of the wealth of material, or perhaps dred central villages. Western consultancies of the City is full of a range of fascinating person-to-person contact. This is a book that In practical terms he sets out biomimicry experiment, with the objective of ‘turning the because of it, this is a somewhat indigestible were invited to take part in design competi- facts, or perhaps what Oliver Rackham might is well worth reading but don’t expect to be strategies for cities which could also apply to existing city into a sustainable complex and volume that may not reach the wide audience tions for new towns, and their layouts were have called factoids. Despite including 16 comforted by it. eco-cities. powerstation’. In other words he is dealing that the subject deserves. interpreted literally. Foreign Concessions pages of notes and a 30-page long bibliogra- Richard Cole The chapter on urban design lists bio- with what is already there, not new neigh- Sebastian Loew created as trading centres outside Shanghai’s phy, there nonetheless seem to be occasions • philic elements at building, block, street bourhoods and he does not pretend that • old city walls by Britain, France and the USA when coincidence is mistaken for correlation. neighbourhood, community and regional this is easy, particularly when so many cities

40 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 41 Practice Index Practice Index other Contributors Regional contacts Practice Index Allies & Morrison: Urban Barton Willmore Building Design Partnership Colour Urban Design Limited DHA Planning & Urban Practitioners Partnership 16 Brewhouse Yard, Clerkenwell, Milburn House, Dean Street, Design John Billingham, architect and If you are interested in getting Directory of practices, corporate 85 Street, London SE1 0HX Beansheaf Farmhouse, Bourne Close, London EC1V 4LJ Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 1LE Eclipse House, Eclipse Park, •planner, formerly Director of Design involved with any regional activities organisations and urban design T 020 7921 0100 Calcot, Reading, Berks RG31 7BW T 020 7812 8000 T 0191 242 4224 Sittingbourne Road, Maidstone, and Development at Milton Keynes please get in touch with the following courses subscribing to this index. E [email protected] T 0118 943 0000 E [email protected] London office Kent ME14 3EN Development Corporation The following pages provide a service C Anthony Rifkin E Masterplanning@bartonwillmore. W www.bdp.co.uk 94 Euston Street, London NW1 2HA T 01622 776226 LONDON AND SOUTH EAST to potential clients when they are W www.urbanpractitioners.co.uk co.uk C Andrew Tindsley T 0207 387 8560 E [email protected] Specialist competition winning urban C Clive Rand BDP offers town planning, E [email protected] W dhaplanning.co.uk Richard Cole architect and Robert Huxford and Louise Ingledow looking for specialist urban design T 020 7250 0892 regeneration practice combining Concept through to implementation Masterplanning, urban design, W www.colour-udl.com C Matthew Woodhead •planner, formerly Director of advice, and to those considering E [email protected] taking an urban design course. economic and urban design skills. on complex sites, comprehensive landscape, regeneration and C Peter Owens Planning and Urban Design Planning and Architecture of the Projects include West Ealing and design guides, urban regeneration, sustainability studies, and has teams Office also in London. Design Consultancy offering a full range Commission for New Towns STREET LONDON Those wishing to be included in future Plymouth East End. brownfield sites, and major urban based in London, Manchester and oriented projects with full client of Urban Design services including Katy Neaves issues should contact the UDG, expansions. . participation. Public spaces, Masterplanning, development briefs • Alastair Donald, urbanist and E streetlondon@urban-design-group. 70 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ AMEC Environment & regeneration, development, and design statements. co-editor of The Lure of the org.uk T 020 7250 0872 Infrastructure UK Ltd The Bell Cornwell Burns + Nice Masterplanning, residential, City: From Slums to Suburbs (Pluto, E [email protected] Gables House Kenilworth Road, Partnership 70 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ education and healthcare. DPDS Consulting Group 2011) SOUTH WEST W www.udg.org.uk Leamington Spa, Warwicks CV32 6JX Oakview House, Station Road, Hook, T 020 7253 0808 Old Bank House, 5 Devizes Road, Old Judy Preston C Louise Ingledow T 01926 439 000 Hampshire RG27 9TP E [email protected] Conroy Crowe Kelly Town, Swindon, Wilts SN1 4BJ Joe Holyoak, architect and T 07908219834 E [email protected] T 01256 766673 W www.burnsnice.com Architects & Urban T 01793 610222 •urban designer E [email protected] W www.amec.com E [email protected] C Marie Burns/ Stephen Nice Designers E [email protected] ADAM Architecture C Nick Brant W www.bell-cornwell.co.uk Urban design, landscape 65 Merrion Square, 2 W www.dpds.co.uk Sebastian Loew, architect and EAST MIDLANDS 9 Upper High Street, Winchester Masterplanning, urban design, C Simon Avery architecture, environmental and T 00 353 1 661 3990 C Les Durrant •planner, writer and consultant Laura Alvarez Hampshire SO23 8UT development planning and Specialists in Masterplanning and the transport planning. Masterplanning, E [email protected] Town planning, architecture, T 0115 962 9000 T 01962 843843 landscape within broad based coordination of major development design and public consultation for W www.cck.ie and urban multidisciplinary environmental and proposals. Advisors on development community-led work. C Clare Burke and David Wright design: innovative solutions in Malcolm Moor, architect and E [email protected] E peter.critoph • @adamarchitecture.com engineering consultancy. plan representations, planning Architecture, urban design, Masterplanning, design guidance independent consultant in urban applications and appeals. Chapman Taylor LLP Masterplanning, village studies. and development frameworks. design; co-editor of Urban Design NORTH WEST C Peter Critoph Annie Atkins Andrew Martin Associates 32 , London W2 3RX Mixed use residential developments Futures W www.adamarchitecture.com E [email protected] World-renowned for progressive, Croxton’s Mill, Little Waltham, Bidwells T 020 7371 3000 with a strong identity and sense of FaulknerBrowns classical design covering town Chelmsford, Bidwell House, Trumpington Road E [email protected] place. Dobson House, Northumbrian Way, • Colin Munsie, architect​​-urbanist, STREET NORTH WEST and country houses, housing Essex CM3 3PJ Cambridge CB2 9LD W www.chapmantaylor.com Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 0QW former partner NIA Architects, Emma Zukowski development, urban masterplans, T 01245 361611 T 01223 559404 MANCHESTER David Huskisson Associates T 0191 268 3007 London and LMJ&J, Perth, Australia E street-north-west@urban-design- commercial development and public E [email protected] E [email protected] Bass Warehouse, 4 Castle Street 17 Upper Grosvenor Road, E [email protected] group.org.uk buildings. W www.amaplanning.com W www.bidwells.co.uk Castlefield, Manchester M3 4LZ Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 2DU C Ben Sykes Michael Owens, Director, Global C Andrew Martin/ C Helen Thompson T 0161 828 6500 T 01892 527828 Formed in 1962, FaulknerBrowns is •Cities NORTH EAST AECOM Plc Sophie O’Hara Smith Planning, Landscape and Urban E [email protected] E [email protected] a regionally-based architectural Georgia Giannopoulou The Johnson Building, 77 Hatton Masterplans, urban design, urban Design consultancy, specialising Chapman Taylor is an international C Nicola Brown design practice with a national Judith Ryser, researcher, T 0191 222 6006 Garden regeneration, historic buildings, in Masterplanning, Townscape firm of architects and urban Landscape consultancy offering and international reputation. •journalist, writer and urban affairs E [email protected] London EC1N 8JS project management, planning, EIA, Assessment, Landscape and Visual designers specialising in mixed- Masterplanning, streetscape From a workload based initially on consultant to Fundacion Metropoli, T 0203 009 2100 and design. Impact Assessment. use city centre regeneration and and urban park design, estate education, library and sports and Madrid YORKSHIRE E [email protected] transport projects throughout the restoration, environmental impact leisure buildings, the practice's Robert Thompson W www.aecom.com Arnold Linden Boyer Planning world. Offices in Bangkok, Brussels, assessments. current workload also extends Chartered Architect Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride Bucharest, Düsseldorf, Kiev, Madrid, across a number of sectors including Ivor Samuels, independent T 0114 2736077 C Harriett Hindmarsh 54 Upper Montagu Street, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 3GZ Milan, Moscow, New Delhi, Paris, David Lock Associates Ltd master planning, offices, healthcare, •urban designer M 07944 252955 MANCHESTER E [email protected] 1 New York Street, Manchester, M1 4HD London W1H 1FP T 01344 753220 Prague, Sao Paulo, Shanghai and 50 North Thirteenth Street, commercial mixed-use, industrial T 020 7723 7772 E [email protected] Warsaw. Central Milton Keynes, and residential, for both private and Louise Thomas, independent T 0161 601 1700 SCOTLAND CARDIFF C Arnold Linden W www.boyerplanning.co.uk Milton Keynes MK9 3BP public sector clients. •urban designer Francis Newton, Jo White & Laurie 4th Floor, Churchill House, Churchill Integrated regeneration through the C Craige Burden Chris Blandford Associates T 01908 666276 Mentiplay Way, Cardiff, CF10 2HH participation in the creative process Offices in Wokingham, Colchester, 1 Swan Court, 9 Tanner Street, E [email protected] Feria Urbanism Neither the Urban Design Group nor Edinburgh T 029 2035 3400 of the community and the public Cardiff, Twickenham and London. London SE1 3LE W www.davidlock.com Second Floor Studio, 11 Fernside Road the editors are responsible for views E [email protected] BELFAST at large, of streets, buildings and Planning and urban design T 020 7089 6480 C Will Cousins Bournemouth, Dorset BH9 2LA expressed or statements made by 24 Linenhall Street, Belfast, BT2 8BG places. consultants offering a wide range of E [email protected] Strategic planning studies, T 01202 548676 individuals writing in Urban Design NORTHERN IRELAND T 028 9060 7200 services to support sites throughout W www.cba.uk.net area development frameworks, E [email protected] James Hennessey From regenerating cities and Assael Architecture the development process: from C Chris Blandford/Mike Martin development briefs, design W www.feria-urbanism.eu T 028 9073 6690 creating new communities to Studio 13, 50 Carnwath Road appraisals to planning applications Also at Uckfield guidelines, Masterplanning, C Richard Eastham E [email protected] designing inspiring open spaces, London SW6 3FG and appeals. Landscape architecture, implementation strategies, Expertise in , we are a leader in urban design, T 020 7736 7744 environmental assessment, ecology, environmental statements. masterplanning and public town planning, masterplanning, E [email protected] Broadway Malyan urban renewal, development participation. Specialisms include landscape architecture and W www.assael.co.uk 3 Weybridge Business Park economics, town planning, historic Define design for the night time economy, . C Russell Pedley Addlestone Road, Weybridge, landscapes and conservation. Cornwall Buildings, 45-51 Newhall urban design skills training and local Architects and urban designers Surrey KT15 2BW Street, B3 3QR community engagement. Alan Baxter & Associates covering mixed use, hotel, leisure T 01932 845599 CITY ID T 0121 213 4720 Consulting Engineers and residential, including urban E [email protected] 23 Trenchard Street E [email protected] Fletcher Priest Architects 70 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ frameworks and masterplanning W www.broadwaymalyan.com Bristol BS1 5AN W www.wearedefine.com Middlesex House, 34/42 Cleveland T 020 7250 1555 projects. C Erik Watson T 0117 917 7000 C Andy Williams Street, E [email protected] We are an international E [email protected] Define specialises in the promotion, London W1T 4JE W www.alanbaxter.co.uk Atkins plc interdisciplinary practice which W cityid.co.uk shaping and assessment of T 020 7034 2200 C Alan Baxter Euston Tower, 286 Euston Road, believes in the value of place- C Mike Rawlinson development. Our work focuses on F 020 7637 5347 An engineering and urban design London NW1 3AT making-led masterplans that are Place branding and marketing vision strategic planning, masterplanning, E [email protected] practice. Particularly concerned with T 020 7121 2000 rooted in local context. Masterplanning, urban design, urban design codes, EIA, TVIA, estate W www.fletcherpreist.com the thoughtful integration of buildings, E [email protected] public realm strategies, way finding strategies, public realm design, C Jonathan Kendall infrastructure and movement, and the C Paul Reynolds Brock Carmichael and legibility strategies, information consultation strategies, urban design Work ranges from city-scale creation of places. Interdisciplinary practice that offers a Architects design and graphics. audits and expert witness. masterplans (Stratford City, Riga) to range of built environment specialists 19 Old Hall Street, Liverpool L3 9JQ architectural commissions for high- Allen Pyke Associates working together to deliver quality T 0151 242 6222 Clarke Klein & Chaudhuri DEVEREUX ARCHITECTS LTD profile professional clients. The Factory 2 Acre Road, places for everybody to enjoy. E [email protected] Architects 200 Upper Richmond Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 6EF C Michael Cosser 63-71 Collier Street, London N1 9BE London SW15 2SH T 020 8549 3434 Austin-Smith:Lord LLP Masterplans and development T 020 7278 0722 T 020 8780 1800 E [email protected] Port of Liverpool Building, briefs. Mixed-use and brownfield E [email protected] E [email protected] W www.allenpyke.co.uk Pier Head, Liverpool L3 1BY regeneration projects. Design in C Wendy Clarke W www.devereux.co.uk C David Allen/ Vanessa Ross T 0151 227 1083 historic and sensitive settings. Small design-led practice focusing C Duncan Ecob Innovative, responsive, committed, E [email protected] Integrated landscape design. on custom solutions for architectural, Adding value through innovative, competitive, process. Priorities: C Andy Smith planning or urban design projects. ambitious solutions in complex urban people, spaces, movement, culture. Also at London, Cardiff and Glasgow Exploring the potential for innovative environments. Places: regenerate, infill, extend Multi-disciplinary national practice urban design. create. with a specialist urban design unit backed by the landscape and core architectural units. Wide range and scale of projects.

42 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 43 Practice Index Practice Index

FPCR Environment GM Design Associates Ltd HOK international Ltd JMP Consultants Lathams Liz Lake Associates Nathaniel Lichfield & Novell Tullett & Design Ltd 22 Lodge Road, Coleraine Qube, 90 Whitfield Street 8th Floor, 3 Harbour Exchange Square St Michael’s, Queen Street, Western House, Chapel Hill Partners Ltd 18 Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5RH Lockington Hall, Lockington, Co. Londonderry BT52 1NB London W1T 4EZ London E14 9GE Derby DE1 3SU Stansted Mountfitchet 14 Regent’s Wharf, All Saints Street, T 0117 922 7887 Derby DE74 2RH Northern Ireland T 020 7636 2006 T 020 7536 8040 T 01332 365777 Essex CM24 8AG London N1 9RL E [email protected] T 01509 672772 T 028 703 56138 E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] T 01279 647044 T 020 7837 4477 W www.novelltullett.co.uk E [email protected] E [email protected] C Tim Gale W www.jmp.co.uk C Derek Latham/ Jon Phipps E [email protected] E [email protected] C Maddy Hine W www.fpcr.co.uk W www.g-m-design.com HOK delivers design of the highest C Thomas Derstroff Urban regeneration. The creative W www.lizlake.com W www.nlpplanning.com Urban design, landscape C Tim Jackson C Bill Gamble quality. It is one of Europe’s leading Integrating transport, planning and reuse of land and buildings. C Matt Lee C Nick Thompson architecture and environmental Integrated design and Architecture, town and country architectural practices, offering engineering, development planning, Planning, landscape and Urban fringe/brownfield sites where Also at Newcastle upon Tyne and planning. environmental practice. Specialists planning, urban design, landscape experienced people in a diverse urban design, environmental architectural expertise combining the an holistic approach to urban design, Cardiff in Masterplanning, urban and mixed architecture, development range of building types, skills and assessment, water and drainage new with the old. landscape, and ecological issues Urban design, Masterplanning, Paul Davis & Partners use regeneration, development frameworks and briefs, feasibility markets. throughout the U.K. can provide robust design solutions. heritage/conservation, visual Mozart Terrace, 178 Ebury Street frameworks, EIAs and public studies, sustainability appraisals, Lavigne Lonsdale Ltd appraisal, regeneration, daylight/ London, SW1W 8UP inquiries. public participation and community Holmes Miller Ltd John Thompson & Partners 38 Belgrave Crescent, Camden LSI Architects LLP sunlight assessments, public realm T 020 7730 1178 engagement. 89 Minerva Street, Glasgow G3 8LE 23-25 Great Sutton Street, Bath BA1 5JU The Old Drill Hall, 23 A Cattle Market strategies. E [email protected] Framework Architecture T 0141 204 2080 London ECIV 0DN T 01225 421539 Street, Norwich NR1 3DY W www.pauldavisandpartners.com and Urban Design G.M.K Associates E [email protected] T 020 7017 1780 TRURO T 01603 660711 New Masterplanning Limited C Pedro Roos 3 Marine Studios, Burton Lane, 1st Floor Cleary Court, W www.holmesmiller.com E [email protected] 55 Lemon Street, Truro [email protected] 2nd Floor, 107 Bournemouth Road, New Urbanist approach establishing Burton Waters, Lincoln LN1 2WN 169 Church Street East, C Harry Phillips W www.jtp.co.uk Cornwall TR1 2PE C David Thompson Poole, Dorset BH14 9HR a capital framework with a T 01522 535383 Woking, Surrey GU21 6HJ Urban design, planning, renewal, C Marcus Adams T 01872 273118 Large scale Masterplanning and T 01202 742228 subsequent incremental approach. E [email protected] T 01483 729378 development and feasibility studies. Edinburgh E [email protected] visualisation in sectors such as E [email protected] Bridging the divide between urban C Gregg Wilson E [email protected] Sustainability and energy efficiency. 2nd Floor Venue studios, 15-21 W www.lavigne.co.uk health, education and business, and W www.newMasterplanning.com design and architecture. Architecture and urban design. A C George McKinnia Commercial,residential,leisure. Calton Road, Edinburgh EH8 8DL C Martyn Lonsdale new sustainable settlements. C Andy Ward commitment to the broader built T 0131 272 2762 We are an integrated practice of Our skills combine strategic planning Paul Drew Design Ltd environment and the particular Grontmij HTA Architects Ltd E [email protected] masterplanners, Urban Designers, Malcolm Moor Urban Design with detailed implementation, 23-25 Great Sutton Street dynamic of a place and the design 33 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AA 106-110 Road, C Alan Stewart Landscape Architects and Product 27 Ock Mill Close, Abingdon design flair with economic rigour, London EC1V 0DN opportunities presented. T 020 7820 0388 London NW1 9PX Addressing the problems of physical, Designers. Experienced in large Oxon OX14 1SP independent thinking with a T 020 7017 1785 E landscape.architecture@grontmij. T 020 7485 8555 social and economic regeneration scale, mixed-use and residential T 01235 550122 partnership approach. E [email protected] Garsdale Design Limited co.uk E [email protected] through collaborative interdisciplinary Masterplanning, health, education, E [email protected] W www.pauldrewdesign.co.uk High Branthwaites, Frostrow, C Lindsey Whitelaw C James Lord/Sally Lewis community based planning. regeneration, housing, parks, public W www.moorud.com Nicholas Pearson C Paul Drew Sedbergh, Cumbria, LA10 5JR LEEDS W www.hta-arch.co.uk realm and streetscape design. C Malcolm Moor Associates Masterplanning, urban design, T 015396 20875 16 Globe Road, Leeds LS11 5QG Design-led housing and Jon Rowland Urban Design Master planning of new communities, 30 Brock Street, Bath BA1 2LN residential and mixed use design. E [email protected] T 0113 237 7200 regeneration consultancy offering 65 Hurst Rise Road, Oxford OX2 9HE LDA Design urban design, residential, urban T 01225 445548 Creative use of design codes and W www.garsdaledesign.co.uk C Guy Denton inter-disciplinary services including T 01865 863642 14-17 Wells Mews, London W1T 3HF capacity and ecofitting studies, E [email protected] other briefing material. C Derrick Hartley Urban regeneration, streetscape architecture, Masterplanning, urban E [email protected] T 020 7467 1470 design involvement with major W www.npaconsult.co.uk GDL provides Masterplanning and design, public space, high design, graphic design, landscape W www.jrud.co.uk E [email protected] international projects. C Simon Kale The Paul Hogarth Company urban design, architecture and quality residential and corporate design, sustainability and planning. C Jon Rowland C Colin James Masterplanning, public realm Unit 3 Potters Quay, 5 Ravenhill Road heritage services developed through landscapes. Facilitators in public Urban design, urban regeneration, Multidisciplinary firm covering all Matrix Partnership design, streetscape analysis, Belfast BT6 8DN 25 years wide ranging experience in participation. Hyland Edgar Driver development frameworks, site aspects of Masterplanning, urban 17 Bowling Green Lane, concept and detail designs. Also full T 028 9073 6690 the UK and Middle East. One Wessex Way, Colden Common, appraisals, town centre studies, regeneration, public realm design, London EC1R 0QB landscape architecture service, EIA, E [email protected] Halcrow Group Ltd Winchester, Hants SO21 1WG design guidance, public participation environmental impact and community T 0845 313 7668 green infrastructure, ecology and W www.paulhogarth.com Globe Consultants Ltd Elms House, 43 Brook Green T 01962 711 600 and Masterplanning. involvement. E [email protected] biodiversity, environmental planning C James Hennessey 26 Westgate, Lincoln LN1 3BD Hammersmith, London W6 7EF E [email protected] C Matt Lally and management. EDINBURGH T 01522 546483 T 020 3479 8000 W www.heduk.com Kay Elliott Levitt Bernstein W www.matrixpartnership.co.uk Bankhead Steading, Bankhead Road, E [email protected] F 020 3479 8001 C John Hyland 5-7 Meadfoot Road, Torquay, Devon Associates Ltd Masterplans, regeneration strategies, Nicoll Russell Studios Edinburgh EH30 9TF C Steve Kemp E [email protected] Innovative problem solving, driven TQ1 2JP 1 Kingsland Passage, London E8 2BB development briefs, site appraisals, 111 King Street, Broughty Ferry T 0131 331 4811 W www.globelimited.co.uk W www.halcrow.com by cost efficiency and sustainability, T 01803 213553 T 020 7275 7676 urban capacity studies, design Dundee DD5 1EL E [email protected] Provides urban design, planning, C Robert Schmidt combined with imagination and E [email protected] E [email protected] guides, building codes and concept T 01382 778966 Integrated urban design and economic and cultural development Asad Shaheed coherent aesthetic of the highest W www.kayelliott.co.uk W www.levittbernstein.co.uk visualisations. E [email protected] landscape architecture practice, services across the UK and Award winning consultancy, quality. C Mark Jones C Glyn Tully W www.nrsarchitects.com providing Masterplanning, internationally, specialising in integrating planning, transport and International studio with 30 year Urban design, Masterplanning, full Melville Dunbar Associates C Willie Watt regeneration and public realm sustainable development solutions, environment. Full development cycle Jacobs history of imaginative architects architectural service, lottery grant Studio 2, Griggs Business Centre Design led masterplanning and consultancy to the public and private masterplanning and regeneration. covering feasibility, concept, design Court, 224-226 Tower and urban designers, creating bid advice, interior design, urban West Street, Coggeshall, Essex CO6 1NT town centre studies which seek to sectors. and implementation. Bridge Road, London SE1 2UP buildings and places that enhance renewal consultancy and landscape T 01376 562828 provide holistic solutions to complex Gillespies T 020 7939 1375 their surroundings and add financial design. E [email protected] challenges, creating sustainable PD Lane Associates Environment by Design Hankinson Duckett E [email protected] value. C Melville Dunbar ‘joined up’ and enjoyable 1 Church Road, Greystones, GLASGOW Associates W www.jacobs.com LHC Urban Design Architecture, urban design, planning, communities. County Wicklow, Ireland 21 Carlton Court, Glasgow G5 9JP The Stables, Howberry Park, Benson C Dan Bone Landscape Projects Design Studio, Emperor Way, Exeter Masterplanning, new towns, urban T 00 353 1287 6697 T 0141 420 8200 Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BA Multidisciplinary urban design, 31 Blackfriars Road, Salford Business Park, Exeter, Devon EX1 3QS regeneration, conservation studies, NJBA A + U E [email protected] E [email protected] T 01491 838 175 Masterplanning and architecture as Manchester M3 7AQ T 01392 444334 design guides, townscape studies, 4 Molesworth Place, Dublin 2 C Malcolm Lane C Brian M Evans E [email protected] part of the integrated services of a T 0161 839 8336 E [email protected] design briefs. T 00 353 1 678 8068 Urban design, architecture and MANCHESTER C Brian Duckett national consultancy. E [email protected] C John Baulch E [email protected] planning consultancy, specialising T 0161 928 7715 An approach which adds value W www.landscapeprojects.co.uk Urban designers, architects and Metropolis Planning and W www.12publishers.com/njba.htm in Masterplanning, development E [email protected] through innovative solutions. Jenny Exley Associates C Neil Swanson landscape architects, providing an Design C Noel J Brady frameworks, site layouts, C Jim Gibson Development planning, new Butlers Quarters, The Mews We work at the boundary between integrated approach to strategic 30 Underwood Street, London N1 7JQ Integrated landscapes, urban applications, appeals, project co- OXFORD settlements, environmental Lewes Road, Danehill RH17 7HD architecture, urban and landscape visioning, regeneration, urban T 020 7324 2662 design, town centres and squares, ordination. T 01865 326789 assessment, re-use of redundant T 0845 347 9351 design, seeking innovative, sensitive renewal, Masterplanning and E [email protected] strategic design and planning. E [email protected] buildings. E [email protected] design and creative thinking. Offices public realm projects. Creative, W www.metropolispd.com PEGASUS C Paul F Taylor W www.jennyexley.com in Manchester & London. knowledgeable, practical, C Greg Cooper Node Urban Design Pegasus House, Querns Business Urban design, landscape Hawkins\Brown C Jenny Exley passionate. Metropolitan urban design solutions 33 Holmfield Road Centre, Whitworth Road, Cirencester architecture, architecture, planning, 60 Bastwick Street, London EC1V 3TN Sussex based designers, specializing Consultants drawn from a multi-disciplinary Leicester LE2 1SE GL7 1RT environmental assessment, T 020 7336 8030 in Heritage and Restoration with 43 Chalton Street, London NW1 1JD Livingston Eyre Associates studio of urban designers, architects, T 0116 2708742 T 0128 564 1717 planning supervisors and project E [email protected] a contemporary edge. Examples T 020 7383 5784 35-42 Charlotte Road, planners, and heritage architects. E [email protected] E [email protected] management. W www.hawkinsbrown.co.uk include the award-winning stone E [email protected] London EC2A 3PG W www.nodeurbandesign.com W www.pegasuspg.co.uk C David Bickle circular seating space at Clock C Luke Greysmith T 020 7739 1445 Mouchel C Nigel Wakefield C Mike Carr Multi-disciplinary architecture and Tower, Brighton: 6 Ha Phoenix, GLASGOW F 020 7729 2986 209-215 Blackfriars Road An innovative team of urban design, Masterplanning, design and urban design practice specialising in Lewes: contextual analysis, 37 Otago Street, Glasgow G12 8JJ E [email protected] London SE1 8NL landscape and heritage consultants access statements, design codes, mixed-use regeneration, educational character study and design. T 0141 334 9595 C Laura Stone T 020 7803 2600 who believe that good design adds sustainable design, development Masterplanning, sustainable rural E [email protected] Landscape architecture, urban E [email protected] value. Providing sustainable urban briefs, development frameworks, development frameworks, transport C Martin Tabor design, public housing, health, W www.mouchel.com design and masterplan solutions expert witness, community infrastructure and public urban realm Urban regeneration, landscape education, heritage, sports. C Ludovic Pittie at all scales of development with a involvement, sustainability appraisal. design. design, masterplanning, sustainable Integrated urban design, transport focus on the creation of a sense of Offices at Cirencester, Birmingham, development, environmental and engineering consultancy, place. Bristol, Nottingham, Leeds, Bracknell planning, environmental assessment, changing the urban landscape in a and Cambridge. landscape planning and positive manner, creating places for management. Offices also in Bristol sustainable living. and Edinburgh.

44 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 45 Practice Index Practice Index

Philip Cave Associates Project Centre Ltd Richard Reid & Associates Scott Tallon Walker Soltys: Brewster Consulting Terence O’Rourke LTD TP bennett LLP URBED (Urban and Economic 70 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ Saffron Court, 14b St Cross Street, Whitely Farm, Ide Hill, Sevenoaks, Architects 4 Stangate House, Stanwell Road, Everdene House, Deansleigh Road, One America Street, London SE1 0NE Development Group) T 020 7250 0077 London EC1N 8XA Kent TN14 6BS 19 Merrion Square, Dublin 2 Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan CF64 2AA Bournemouth BH7 7DU T 020 7208 2029 Manchester E [email protected] T 020 7421 8222 T 01732 741417 T 00 353 1 669 3000 T 029 2040 8476 T 01202 421142 E [email protected] 10 Little Lever Street, W www.philipcave.com E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] E [email protected] C Mike Ibbott Manchester M1 1HR C Philip Cave W www.projectcentre.co.uk C Richard Reid W www.stwarchitects.com W www.soltysbrewster.co.uk W www.torltd.co.uk Development planning, urban T 0161 200 5500 Design-led practice with innovative C David Moores C Philip Jackson C Simon Brewster Town planning, Masterplanning, design, conservation and E [email protected] yet practical solutions to Landscape architecture, public realm Roger Griffiths Associates Award winning international practice Urban design, masterplans, urban design, architecture, Masterplanning – making places W www.urbed.co.uk environmental opportunities in urban design, urban regeneration, street 4 Regent Place, Rugby covering all aspects of architecture, design strategies, visual impact, landscape architecture, and adding value through creative, C David Rudlin regeneration. Specialist expertise in lighting design, planning supervision, Warwickshire CV21 2PN urban design and planning. environmental assessment, environmental consultancy, complex progressive, dynamic and joyful London landscape architecture. traffic and transportation, parking T 01788 540040 regeneration of urban space, urban design problems. exploration. 26 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8HR and highway design. E [email protected] Shaffrey Associates landscape design and project T 020 7436 8050 PLANIT i.e. LTD W www.rgalandscape.com 29 Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin 1 management. Terra Firma Consultancy Turley Associates Urban design and guidance, The Planit Group, 2 Back Grafton Street PRP Architects C Roger Griffiths T 00 353 1872 5602 Cedar Court, 5 College Road 25 Savile Row, London W1S 2ES Masterplanning, sustainability, Altrincham, Cheshire WA14 1DY 10 Lindsey Street, A quality assured landscape E [email protected] spacehub Petersfield GU31 4AE T 020 7851 4010 consultation and capacity building, T 0161 928 9281 London EC1A 9HP consultancy offering landscape C Gráinne Shaffrey Anchor Brewhouse, T 01730 262040 E [email protected] housing, town centres and E [email protected] T 020 7653 1200 architecture, land use Urban conservation and design, with 50 Shad Thames, London SE1 2LY E contact@terrafirmaconsultancy. W www.turleyassocaiates.co.uk regeneration. W www.planit-ie.com E [email protected] planning, urban design, project a particular commitment to the T 020 7234 9831 com C Matt Quayle (Head of Urban Design) C Peter Swift C Andy von Bradsky implementation, EIA and expert regeneration of historic urban E [email protected] C Lionel Fanshawe Offices also in Belfast, Birmingham, Vincent and Gorbing Ltd Public realm solutions informed by Architects, planners, urban witness services. centres, small towns and villages, W www.spacehubdesign.com Independent landscape architectural Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Sterling Court, Norton Road, robust urban design. We create designers and landscape architects, including new development. C Giles Charlton practice with considerable urban Leeds, Manchester and Southampton. Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2JY quality spaces for people to live, specialising in housing, urban RPS spacehub is a newly established design experience at all scales from UKintegrated urban design, T 01438 316331 work, play and enjoy. regeneration, health, education and Bristol, Cambridge, London, Newark, Sheils Flynn Ltd design studio specialising in public EIA to project delivery throughout UK masterplanning, sustainability E urban.designers@vincent-gorbing. leisure projects. Southampton & Swindon Bank House High Street, Docking, realm, landscape and urban design. and overseas. and heritage services provided co.uk +Plus Urban Design Ltd T 0800 587 9939 Kings Lynn PE31 8NH We are passionate and committed to at all project stages and scales W www.vincent-gorbing.co.uk Spaceworks, Benton Park Road Quartet Design E [email protected] T 01485 518304 creative thinking and collaborative Terry Farrell and Partners of development. Services include C Richard Lewis Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7LX The Exchange, Lillingstone Dayrell, W www.rpsgroup.com E [email protected] working. 7 Hatton Street, London NW8 8PL visioning, townscape analysis, Masterplanning, design statements, T 0844 800 6660 Bucks MK18 5AP Part of the RPS Group providing a C Eoghan Sheils T 020 7258 3433 design guides and public realm character assessments, development E [email protected] T 01280 860500 wide range of urban design services Award winning town centre Spawforths E [email protected] resolution briefs, residential layouts and urban W www.plusud.co.uk E [email protected] including Masterplanning and regeneration schemes, urban Junction 41 Business Court, East W www.terryfarrell.com capacity exercises. C Richard Charge / Tony Wyatt C David Newman development frameworks, design strategies and design guidance. Ardsley, Leeds WF3 2AB C Max Farrell Tweed Nuttall Warburton Specialist practice providing strate- Landscape architects, architects and guides and statements. Specialists in community consultation T 01924 873873 Architectural, urban design, planning Chapel House, City Road, West & Partners gic masterplanning, urban design urban designers. Masterplanning, and team facilitation. E [email protected] and Masterplanning services. Chester CH1 3AE Isambard House, 60 Weston Street, guidance, analysis, character hard landscape projects in urban Rummey Design Associates W www.spawforth.co.uk New buildings, refurbishment, T 01244 310388 London SE1 3QJ assessment and independent design areas achieving environmental South Park Studios, South Park, Shepheard Epstein Hunter C Adrian Spawforth conference/exhibition centres and E [email protected] T 020 7403 1726 advisory expertise. sustainability. Sevenoaks Kent TN13 1AN Phoenix Yard, 65 King’s Cross Road, Urbanism with planners and visitor attractions. W www.tnw-architecture.co.uk E [email protected] T 01732 743753 London WC1X 9LW architects specialising in C John Tweed C Michael West Pod Randall Thorp C Robert Rummey T 020 7841 7500 Masterplanning, community Tetlow King Architecture and urban design, Masterplanning within the 99 Galgate,Barnard Castle, Canada House, 3 Chepstow Street, Masterplanning, urban design, E [email protected] engagement, visioning and Building 300, The Grange, Masterplanning. Urban waterside creative interpretation of socio- Co Durham DL12 8ES Manchester M1 5FW landscape architecture, architecture, C Steven Pidwill development frameworks. Romsey Road, Michelmersh, environments. Community teamwork economic, physical and political T 0845 872 7288 T 0161 228 7721 environmental consultancy. SEH is a user-friendly, award- Romsey SO51 0AE enablers. Visual impact assessments. urban parametres: retail, leisure, E [email protected] E [email protected] Responsible place-making that winning architects firm, known for Stuart Turner Associates T 01794 517333 commercial, residential. W www.designbypod.co.uk C Pauline Randall considers social, environmental and its work in regeneration, education, 12 Ledbury, Great Linford, E [email protected] Urban Design Futures C Andy Dolby Masterplanning for new economic issues. housing, Masterplanning, mixed-use Milton Keynes MK14 5DS W www.tetlowking.co.uk 97c West Bow, Edinburgh EH1 2JP WestWaddy: ADP Newcastle developments and settlements, and healthcare projects. T 01908 678672 C Gary Rider T 0131 226 4505 The Malthouse, 60 East St. Helen 10 Summerhill Terrace, infrastructure design and urban SAVILLS (L&P) LIMITED E [email protected] Award winning multi-disciplinary E [email protected] Street, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 5EB Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6EB renewal, design guides and design Lansdowne House, 57 Berkeley Square Sheppard Robson W www.studiost.co.uk practice encompassing architecture, W www.urbandesignfutures.co.uk T 01235 523139 C Craig van Bedaf briefing, public participation. London W1J 6ER 77 Parkway, , C Stuart Turner urban design, masterplanning, C Selby Richardson E [email protected] Masterplanning, site appraisal, T 020 3320 8242 London NW1 7PU Architecture, urban design and design coding, regeneration, Innovative urban design, planning W westwaddy-adp.co.uk layout and architectural design. Random Greenway W www.savills.com T 020 7504 1700 environmental planning, the development frameworks, and landscape practice specialising C Philip Waddy Development frameworks, urban Architects SOUTHAMPTON E charles.scott@sheppardrobson. design of new settlements, urban sustainable design/planning and in Masterplanning, new settlements, Experienced and multi-disciplinary regeneration, design codes, briefs Soper Hall, Harestone Valley Road 2 Charlotte Place, com regeneration and site development construction. Residential and urban regeneration, town and village team of urban designers, architects and design and access statements. Caterham Surrey CR3 6HY Southampton SO14 0TB W www.sheppardrobson.com studies. retirement care specialists. studies. and town planners offering a full T 01883 346 441 T 02380 713900 C Charles Scott range of urban design services. Pollard Thomas Edwards E rg@randomgreenwayarchitects. E [email protected] Manchester studio | REAL Tibbalds Planning & Urban Urban Initiatives Architects co.uk C Peter Frankum 27th Floor, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza 59-63 High Street, Kidlington, Oxford Design 1 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HE White Consultants Diespeker Wharf 38, Graham Street, C R Greenway Offices throughout the World Manchester M1 4BD OX5 2DN 19 Maltings Place, 169 Tower Bridge T 020 7380 4545 Enterprise House, 127-129 Bute Street London N1 8JX Architecture, planning and urban Savills Urban Design creates value T 0161 233 8900 T 01865 377 030 Road, London SE1 3JB E [email protected] Cardiff CF10 5LE T 020 7336 7777 design. New build, regeneration, from places and places of value. Planners, urban designers and E [email protected] T 020 7089 2121 W www.urbaninitiatives.co.uk T 029 2043 7841 [email protected] refurbishment and restoration. Masterplanning, urban design, architects. Strategic planning, urban W www.studioreal.co.uk E [email protected] C Kelvin Campbell E [email protected] W www.ptea.co.uk design coding, urban design advice, regeneration, development planning, C Roger Evans W www.tibbalds.co.uk Urban design, transportation, W www.whiteconsultants.co.uk C Robin Saha-Choudhury Richard Coleman planning, commercial guidance. town centre renewal, new settlement Urban regeneration, quarter C Andrew Karski regeneration, development planning. C Simon White Liverpool Citydesigner planning. frameworks and design briefs, town Expertise in Masterplanning A holistic approach to urban Unit S204, Second Floor, Merchants 14 Lower Grosvenor Place, Saunders Partnership centre strategies, movement in towns, and urban design, sustainable Urban Innovations regeneration, design guidance, Court, Derby Square, Liverpool L2 1TS London SW1W 0EX Studio Four, 37 Broadwater Road, Smeeden Foreman ltd Masterplanning and development regeneration, development 1st Floor, Wellington Buildings, public realm and open space T 0151 703 2220 T 020 7630 4880 Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 3AX Somerset House, Low Moor Lane economics. frameworks and design guidance, 2 Wellington Street, Belfast BT16HT strategies and town centre studies E [email protected] E [email protected] T 01707 385 300 Scotton, Knaresborough HG5 9JB design advice. T 028 9043 5060 for the public, private and community C Roo Humpherson C Lisa Gainsborough E martin.williams@sandersarchitects. T 01423 863369 Taylor Young Urban Design E [email protected] sectors. Masterplanners, urban designers, Advice on architectural quality, com E [email protected] Chadsworth House, Wilmslow Road, Townscape Solutions C Tony Stevens/ Agnes Brown developers, architects, listed building urban design, and conservation, C Martin Williams W www.smeedenforeman.co.uk Handforth, Cheshire SK9 3HP 128 Park Road, Smethwick, West The partnership provides not only Willmore Iles Architects Ltd and conservation area designers; historic buildings and townscape. C Trevor Foreman T 01625 542200 Midlands, B67 5HT feasibility studies and assists in site 267 Hotwell Road, Bristol BS8 4SF specialising in inner city mixed-use Environmental statements, listed Scott Brownrigg Ltd Ecology, landscape architecture E [email protected] T 0121 429 6111 assembly for complex projects but T 0117 945 0962 high density regeneration. buildings/area consent applications. St Catherines Court, 46-48 Portsmouth and urban design. Environmental C Stephen Gleave E [email protected] also full architectural services for E [email protected] Road, Guildford GU2 4DU assessment, detailed design, Liverpool W www.townscapesolutions.co.uk major projects. W www.willmoreiles.com Pringle Brandon Drew Richards Partington T 01483 568 686 contract packages and site T 0151 702 6500 C Kenny Brown C Andrew Iles 10 Bonhill Street, London EC2A 4QJ Unit 1, 12 Orsman Road E [email protected] supervision. Urban design, planning and Specialist urban design practice Architecture, town planning, urban T 020 7466 1000 London N1 5QJ W www.scottbrownrigg.com development. Town studies, housing, offering a wide range of services design, campus development E pbmarketing@pringle-brandon. T 020 7033 4422 C Luan Deda commercial, distribution, health and including masterplans, site layouts, frameworks. Architects and urban co.uk E [email protected] Integrated service of architecture, transportation. Specialist in urban design briefs, design and access designers with specialisms in C John Drew C Simon Bradbury urban design, planning, design training. statements, expert witness and 3D education and student residential Offices, hotels, workplace design. W www.rparchitects.co.uk Masterplanning, involved in several illustrations. design. Urban design, housing, retail, mixed-use schemes regenerating education, sustainability and inner city and brownfield sites. commercial projects that take a responsible approach to the environment and resources.

46 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 Issue 122 – Spring 2012 – Urban Design — 47 Practice Index / Education Index

WYG Planning & Design Education Index Oxford Brookes University University of Strathclyde Floor 5, Longcross Court, 47 Newport Joint Centre for Urban Design, Department of Architecture, Road, Cardiff, CF24 0AD ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP Urban Design Studies Unit, T 029 2082 9200 Department of the Built Environment T 01865 483403 131 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 ONG E [email protected] Faculty of Science & Technology C Georgia Butina-Watson/ T 0141 548 4219 W www.wyg.com Faculty Building, Rivermead Campus Alan Reeve E [email protected] C Jonathan Vining Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ Diploma in Urban Design, six months W www.udsu-strath.com Creative urban design and master T 0845 196 3952/3962 full time or 18 months part time. MA C Ombretta Romice planning with a contextual approach E [email protected] / one year full-time or two years part- The Postgraduate Course in Urban to place-making and a concern for [email protected] time. Design is offered in CPD,Diploma and environmental, social and economic W www.anglia.ac.uk/urbandesign MSc modes. The course is design sustainability. C Gil Lewis / Dellé Odeleye University College London centred and includes input from a Graduate Diploma in Urban Design & Development Planning Unit, variety of related disciplines. Place Shaping. Innovative, one year, 34 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ workplace-based course. Developed T 020 7679 1111 University of the West of to enable built environment E [email protected] England, Bristol professionals to better understand, C Anna Schulenburg Faculty of the Built Environment, design and deliver great places. MSc in Building and Urban Design Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, in Development. Exploring the Bristol BS16 1QY Cardiff University agency of design in coordinating T 0117 328 3508 Welsh School of Architecture and organisational and spatial strategies C Janet Askew School of City & , in moving toward cohesive, just, and MA/Postgraduate Diploma course in Glamorgan Building, King Edward V11 sustainable development at both Urban Design. Part time two days per Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3WA the architectural and urban scales fortnight for two years, or individual T 029 2087 5972/029 2087 5961 in contested urbanisms of the Global programme of study. Project-based E [email protected] South. 1 year full time or 2-5 years course addressing urban design [email protected] part time. issues, abilities and environments. W www.cardiff.ac.uk/cplan/ma_ urbandesign University of University of Westminster C Allison Dutoit/Marga Munar Bauza School of Architecture & Construction, 35 Marylebone Road, London NW1 5LS One year full-time and two year part- Avery Hill Campus, Mansion Site, T 020 7911 5000 x3341 time MA in Urban Design. Bexley Road, Eltham, London SE9 2PQ E [email protected] T 020 8331 9100/ 9135 C Bill Erickson Edinburgh College of Art W www.gre.ac.uk/schools/arc MA or Diploma Course in Urban School of Architecture C Duncan Berntsen Design for postgraduate architects, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9DF MA in Urban Design for postgraduate town planners, landscape architects T 0131 221 6175/6072 architecture and landscape and related disciplines. One year full W www.eca.ac.uk/index.php?id=523 students, full time and part time with time or two years part time. C Leslie Forsyth credit accumulation transfer system. Diploma in Architecture and Urban Design, nine months full-time. University of Newcastle Diploma in Urban Design, nine upon Tyne months full time or 21 months part- Department of Architecture, Claremont time. MSc in Urban Design, 12 months Tower, University of Newcastle, full-time or 36 months parttime. MPhil Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU and PhD, by research full and part- T 0191 222 6004 time. C Georgia Giannopoulou The MA in Urban Design brings Leeds Metropolitan together cross-disciplinary expertise University striking a balance between methods School of Architecture Landscape and approaches in environmental & Design, Broadcasting Place, Arts design and the social sciences in the Building, Woodhouse Lane, creation of the built environment. Leeds LS2 9EN T 0113 812 1717 University of Salford E [email protected] The School of the Built Environment, W www.leedsmet.ac.uk/courses/la 4th Floor Maxwell Building, C Edwin Knighton Salford M5 4WT Master of Arts in Urban Design T 0161 295 4600 consists of one year full time or E [email protected] two years part time or individual W www.sobe.salford.ac.uk programme of study. Shorter C Julia Cannon programmes lead to Post Graduate MSc Urban Design develops Diploma/Certificate. Project based physical digital design expertise course focusing on the creation of in sustainable design and policy. sustainable environments through Suitable for architecture and interdisciplinary design. urban planning graduates and practitioners. London South Bank University University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, School of Architecture, The Arts Tower, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN T 020 7815 7353 T 0114 222 0341 C Bob Jarvis E [email protected] MA Urban Design (one year full W www.shef.ac.uk/architecture/ time/two years part time) or PG Cert study/pgschool/taught_masters/ Planning based course including maud units on place and performance, C Florian Kossak sustainable cities as well as project One year full time MA in Urban based work and EU study visit. Part of Design for postgraduate architects, RTPI accredited programme. landscape architects and town planners. The programme has a strong design focus, integrates participation and related design processes, and includes international and regional applications.

48 — Urban Design – Spring 2012 – Issue 122 EndpieceNews

although it happened entirely fortuitously up, and an extra £1m per year would no Landmark decisions rather than by intent – the Joseph Cham- doubt come in useful. But what is particu- berlain Sixth Form College by the architect larly disturbing about this story is that the Nicholas Hare, winner of the Prime Minister’s coalition has clearly forgotten the important Better Public Building Award in 2009, which lesson that the previous Labour administra- Following the Highbury Initiative of 1988 stands overlooking Haden Circus on the tion learned following the Highbury Initiative (the beginning of modern urban design in A435. I played a part in its being there, an and applied so well during the 1990s – that Birmingham), in which Francis Tibbalds was interesting moral tale which I might tell in a environmental quality adds economic value. one of the participants, Francis’s practice future Endpiece. If you make a city distinctive and beautiful, was commissioned by Birmingham City But generally, two decades on, Francis’ investors and visitors will want to be there. Council to write a design guide for the city landmark policy remains unrealised. There If you short-sightedly clutter it up with banal centre. Published in 1990, the Birmingham are several opportunities for significant commercial advertising to earn a few quid, Urban Design Study (BUDS) was the best architecture or public art which have never they won’t, and you will be shooting yourself urban design guidance produced by a British been the subject of proposals. However, it in the foot. city. Twenty-two years later, it looks rather would be better to have an absence of land- This story, at least in the short-term, tired, but although Birmingham’s recent and marks than to have what was the subject of ends more happily. The Planning Committee expensive Big City Plan has big ambitions, a series of crass planning applications at the refused most of the applications, declaring it has not superseded the detailed advice end of 2011. The City Council’s Deputy Leader the proposals a blot on the landscape, and contained in BUDS. (a member of the Lib Dem party, which is in those it deferred were withdrawn. The com- One piece of long-term advice in BUDS, a coalition with the Conservatives) had done mittee is chaired, incidentally, by one of my relating to legibility – or rather to the illeg- a deal with an advertising company who MA Urban Design graduates – nevertheless ibility of the Middle Ring Road – was the became the Council’s commercial advertising he doesn’t always take the right decision, but recommendation for landmark developments partner. The £1m+ per annum deal involved on this occasion he and his colleagues were to be located at five major traffic intersec- creating five iconic advertising sites and 25 undoubtedly correct. Still, it is a reminder tions, between the ring road and major radial landmark advertising sites. (It is bad enough that despite the big advances that urban roads, to give some identity to faceless, when these adjectives are misguidedly ap- design knowledge has made into popular and placeless highway engineering. There had plied to dumb architecture – that someone municipal consciousness over the past two already been an odd but rather limp attempt could think them justified by commercial decades, decision-makers are still capable of to do this at Dartmouth Circus, under which advertisements is even harder to credit). acting in ignorance and making dumb deci- the A38M passes; a Boulton and Watt beam Among other locations, the illuminated signs sions that in the long term could lose them engine, product and symbol of the city’s pio- were proposed for the intersections along far more money than they earn. neering engineering history, stands forlornly the Middle Ring Road, as well as Dartmouth Joe Holyoak and motionless on the island as traffic rotates Circus, that Francis identified in BUDS. The • around it. Since BUDS, there has at least words turning and grave come to mind. been one successful realisation of the policy, Birmingham, like other cities, is hard of thecityafter dark. and darkness tocreate memorableexperiences Speirs +Majorare designerswhoworkwithlight www.speirsandmajor.com

© 2012 Speirs and Major Associates. James Newton Photography.