Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

Report - RP043/A/2014 April 2014

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ii Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

Acknowledgements

Programme partners:

North East Lincolnshire Council

East Lindsey District Council Boston Borough Council

South Holland District Council Borough Council of King’s Lynn and West Norfolk

North Norfolk District Council

Great Yarmouth Borough Council Waveney District Council

Suffolk Coastal District Council

Colchester Borough Council

Tendring District Council

Maldon District Council

Southend Borough Council

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme iii Contents

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Anglian Coastal Monitoring programme 1 1.2 2013/14 surveys 1

2 Aerial photography 4

3 LiDAR 6

4 Hydrographics 8

5 Topographic 15

6 Hydrodynamics 16

7 Appendix 18

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Monitoring cells (or survey schemes) and associated IDs 2 Table 2.1: Flight dates and polygon coverage of summer 2013 vertical aerial photography 5 Table 3.1: LiDAR data coverage 7 Table 4.1: Singlebeam and multibeam open coast hydrographic coverage 9

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Extent of survey monitoring cells along the coast 3 Figure 3.1: LiDAR from the summer 2013 survey 6 Figure 4.1: Bathymetry survey data coverage of Polygon P_9120 10 Figure 4.2: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9119 10 Figure 4.3: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9118 11 Figure 4.4: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9117 11 Figure 4.5: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9116 12 Figure 4.6: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9115 12 Figure 4.7: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9114 13 Figure 4.8: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9113 13 Figure 4.9: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9112 14 Figure 6.1: Location of wavebuoys maintained as part of the Anglian Coastal Monitoring 17 Figure 7.1: Aerial photography coverage over Lincolnshire 18 Figure 7.2: Aerial photography coverage over The Wash 19 Figure 7.3: Aerial photography coverage over Norfolk 20 Figure 7.4: Aerial photography coverage over 21 Figure 7.5: Aerial photography coverage over Essex 22 Figure 7.6: LiDAR coverage at Hunstanton 23 Figure 7.7: LiDAR coverage in Norfolk 24 Figure 7.8: LiDAR coverage in Suffolk 25 Figure 7.9: LiDAR coverage in Essex 26 Figure 7.10: Hydrographic survey coverage of the Suffolk coast 27 Figure 7.11: Hydrographic survey coverage of the Suffolk coast 28 Figure 7.12: Spot height survey from Theddlethorpe to Skegness 29 Figure 7.13: Spot height survey from Hunstanton to Heacham 30 Figure 7.14: Spot height surveys at five areas at Holme dunes 31 Figure 7.15: Spot height survey from Overstrand to Winterton 32 Figure 7.16: Spot height survey along 33

List of Photos

Photo 2.1: Aerial photograph from the summer 2013 survey 4 Photo 6.1: Felixstowe DWR 16

iv Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

1 Introduction

1.1 Anglian Coastal Monitoring programme

The Environment Agency (EA) Shoreline Monitoring Group (SMG) leads the Anglian Coastal Monitoring (ACM) programme undertaking regular strategic monitoring of the Anglian coast since 1991. The rationale behind the programme is to assist the implementation of appropriate and sustainable works on the coast, whether these are works undertaken by the EA or coastal protection partners, for the purpose of flood and erosion risk management. In addition, a further output from the monitoring programme is the assessment of coastal dynamics to inform long-term strategic plans for the coastline. Survey data gathered as part of the ACM is available from the SMG and can be requested by emailing [email protected].

1.2 2013/14 surveys

This is the third year of Phase 8 of the Anglian Coastal Monitoring programme, which runs from 2011 to 2016. 2011-12 was considered to be a baseline year for aerial photography and topographic survey coverage, and 2012-13 a baseline for LiDAR surveys. This report provides an overview of survey data collected during 2013-14. The following surveys were carried out as part of the programme this year: • aerial photography; • LiDAR; • hydrodynamics; • hydrographics; • topographic transect and spot height surveys.

Alongside descriptions of data types and survey extents, this report provides information on data resolution and quality control (QC) of the datasets described therein. The Anglian coast is monitored on a strategic, regional basis, consisting of five regions (Lincolnshire, The Wash, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex) and fitting within the Shoreline Management Plan boundaries of the Anglian coast. Due to the dynamic nature of the coast and the associated risk management, monitoring on a more local scale varies on an annual basis; therefore, the Anglian coast is divided into a series of monitoring cells. These monitoring cells allow for different surveys (or intensity of surveys depending on coastal risk, project and management activity or areas of geomorphological interest requiring particular attention) to be undertaken on a localised basis. These divisions help with programme planning, data management and allows for flexibility in the monitoring programme. Monitoring cells referred to in this document are listed in Table 1.1 (overleaf).

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 1 Monitoring cell / scheme ID Monitoring cell / scheme ID AL Kelling Hard - Cromer KC Bawdsey BW LINCOLNSHIRE L Benacre Broad BB LW Blakeney Point BP Mablethorpe - Skegness MB Brancaster Bay BR Maplin Sands MS Clacton - Jaywick CJ Mersea Island MI Cley CY Minsmere MM CV Mundesley - Happisburgh MH Cromer - Mundesley CM Nene - Wolferton NW Dengie Flats DF NORFOLK N Donna Nook DN North Hunstanton NH

Dunwich DW Orford Ness ON Easton Broad EB Saltfleet - Theddlethorpe ST ESSEX E Scolt Head SH Felixstowe FX Scroby Sands SS Felixstowe Ferry FF Seawick SK Point GP Sizewell SZ Gorleston - Corton GO Slaughden SL Great Yarmouth - Gorleston GG Southend-on-Sea SE Grimsby - Cleethorpes GC SW Hamford Water HAM SUFFOLK S Happisburgh - Winterton HW Tendring - Holland TH Harwich HR Thorpeness TN Holbeach HO Walberswick WL Holkham Bay HK Walton-on-the-Naze WN Hollesley Bay HL WASH W

Holme HM Wash Banks WB Hunstanton - Heacham HH Wells - Stiffkey WS

Table 1.1: Monitoring cells (or survey schemes) and associated IDs

2 Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

Figure 1.1: Extent of survey monitoring cells along the coast (regional extents are shown landward of the coastline and the individual cells within each region are shown on the seaward side). The red outlines denote partnering authority boundaries.

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 3 2 Aerial photography

An aerial photography survey covering the coastline is flown every summer. The photography is 4-band colour and infra-red (RGBi) imagery delivered as .ecw files. The photography is orthorectified to tie the imagery to real-world coordinates. This allows photographs to be displayed as a continuous image mosaic in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The 2013 vertical aerial photography survey (PM_1446) was captured over eleven sorties on the 25th June, and then from 5th to 9th July and the 12th, 13th and 15th of July 2013. The coast was captured in discrete frontages; the assigned polygon numbers for these sections is described in Table 2.1 below. Data was captured across 27 survey polygons P_9066 to P-9090 and P_9101 to P_9102 but has been collated and supplied as regional frontages of Essex, Lincolnshire, north Norfolk, Norfolk Suffolk and The Wash. The individual image files cover 1 km tiles and are available at a 70% or 90% compression rate. The imagery was captured with a Leica RCD30 multi-spectral camera with synchronous LiDAR captured for orthorecification using Optech Gemini systems. The imagery has a 20 cm resolution. For instrument and flight specifics and data processing refer to the QC report (requested from [email protected]). Aerial photography coverage for 2013-14 is shown in Figures 7.1 to 7.5 and further details are given in Table 2.1 (overleaf).

Photo 2.1: Aerial photograph from the summer 2013 survey

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Project Polygon Date of Frontage Monitoring cell No. nos. flight Grimsby – Gibraltar L, GC,DN, ST, MB PM_1446 P_9087 05- Point & GP P_9086 07/07/2013

Wash Banks, Gibraltar W, GP, WB, HO, PM_1446 P_9090 05- Point, River Welland – NW P_9089 12/07/2013 Terrington, River Great HH, HM P_9088 Ouse – Old Hunstanton North Norfolk, N, HM, BR, SH, PM_1446 P_9085 05,/07/2013 Holme - Walcott HK, WE, WS, BP, 12/07/2013 CY, KC, CM, CH North East Norfolk N, HW, SS PM_1446 P-9084 06- Happisburgh – Caister- 12/07/2013 on-Sea Great Yarmouth N, S, SS, GG, GO, PM_1446 P_9083 05/07/2013 (West Caistor – LW Lowestoft) Lowestoft - Benacre S, LW, BB PM_1446 P_9082 05/07/2013 Ness Benacre Broad – S, BB, CV, EB, PM_1446 P_9081 05/07/2013 Bawdsey Bay SW, WL, DW, MM, P_9080 25/06/2013 SZ, TN, AL, SL, P_9079 ON, HL, BW P_9078 Felixstowe Ferry - S, FF, FX PM_1446 P_9077 25/06/2013 Felixstowe P_9076 Tendring peninsula E, HR, WN, TH, PM_1446 P_9102 25/06/2013 (Harwich – Seawick) CJ, SK P_9074 08/07/2013 P_9073 15/07/2013 Mersea Island, River E, MI PM_1446 P_101 08/07/2013 Blackwater P_9072 Dengie Flats E, DF,MS PM_1446 P_9071 06/07/2013 Sale Point – Holiwell P_9070 Point Maplin Sands, Southend E, MS, SE PM_1446 P_9069 06/07/2013 P_9068 13/07/2013 West Cliff – Stanford-le- E, SE PM_1446 P_9066 13/07/2013 Hope & Canvey Island P_9067

Table 2.1: Flight dates and polygon coverage of summer 2013 vertical aerial photography

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 5 3 LiDAR

A LiDAR baseline covering the Anglian coast was carried out in the winter of 2012-13 (PM_155). Surveys in 2013-14 focused on soft cliff areas and specific project identified frontages. The coverage is similar to that carried out in the first year (2011-12) with this extent planned to be repeated in 2015-16. The EA Geomatics team use two Optech ALTM Gemini LiDAR instruments to collect the data. The aircraft are also fitted with Rollei AIC Pro metric cameras, mechanically integrated with ALTM Gemini instruments and controlled by an ALTM-NAV flight management system. This allows the image to be accurately orthorectified using all the information from the ALTM's GPS and inertial navigation system, the POS Av (Position & Orientation System data) and the simultaneously gathered LiDAR DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Data are delivered as unfiltered DSM (Digital Surface Model) ASCII files of 1 km x 1 km tiles. XYZ cloud point (.las) datasets are also provided. The LiDAR is at 1 m horizontal resolution with a positional accuracy of +/- 40 cm and elevational accuracy of +/- 15 cm, with 6 cm being achievable. All ground-truthing and DSM quality control was carried out by Geomatics. Table 3.1 lists LiDAR data coverage, including monitoring cells and capture dates.

© Environment Agency

Figure 3.1: LiDAR from the summer 2013 survey

6 Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

Project Polygon Frontage Monitoring cell Date of flight No. No. North Hunstanton W, N, NH PM_1485 P_9256 03/10/2013

Wells to Cley N, HK, WS, BP PM_1485 P_9262 03/10/2013 Weybourne to N, KC, CM, MH PM_1485 P_9264 05/10/2013 Walcott Ostend to N, HW PM_1485 P-9263 05/10/2013 California Gorleston to N, GO PM_1485 P_9257 03/10/2013 Gunton Lowestoft to S, LW, PM_1485 P_9266 03/10/2013 Kessingland Benacre Broad to S, BB, CV, EB, SW PM_1485 P_9265 06/10/2013 Southwold Walberswick to S, WL, DWD PM_1485 P_9258 06/10/2013 Sizewell to S, SZ, TN, AL PM_1485 P_9259 06/10/2013 Thorpeness Bawdsey S, HL, BW PM_1485 P_9268 06/10/2013 R. Deben S, FF, DEB PM_1485 P_9267 02/02/2014 R. Colne, Mersea E, MI, COL, BLA PM_1485 P_9260 03/02/2014 Island & R. Blackwater Shoeburyness to E, MS, SE PM_1485 P_9261 06/10/2013 Southend

Table 3.1: LiDAR data coverage

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 7 4 Hydrographics

In previous phases of the Anglian Coastal Monitoring project singlebeam hydrographic surveying has been carried out on a rolling basis, with one region surveyed each year ensuring coverage of the coast within a five year period. For Phase 8, the intention is to collect multibeam bathymetry from the low water to 1 km offshore. Less variable sea beds within monitoring cells will continue to be surveyed with singlebeam. These surveys are along transects that are a seaward extension of the topographic surveys. Within this phase, in addition to the open coast, the majority of estuaries in Essex and Suffolk will be surveyed. Table 4.1 lists the areas surveyed in 2013-14 and the method of survey. Figures 4.1 to 4.9 and 7.10 to 7.11 shows the survey output and achieved coverage of the surveys. Surveys in 2013-14 focused on the Suffolk open coast. In addition there were surveys of estuaries that were not captured during the planned 2012-13 (PM_1295) surveys. The multibeam surveys this year have the project number PM_1467 whilst the singlebeam surveys have the number PM_1468. Due to favourable conditions the multibeam surveys were completed over the summer. The singlebeam survey along the Suffolk coast was then carried out in December 2013. Multibeam bathymetry was collected using a RESON Seabat 7101 multibeam sonar system. Sound velocity profiles were recorded using a Valeport Midas MiniSVP. The Environment Agency’s Sentry III vessel was positioned using post-processed Real Time Kinematics (RTK). A base station was used at OS Active stations and the vessel has an Applanix POS MV system. Ground-truthing was carried out by EA Geomatics using Network RTK within the bathymetry survey polygon. The ground truth data are checked with overlaps in the survey as part of this processing. Quality control information is detailed within individual polygon QC reports produced by Geomatics. The estimated positional accuracy of the survey is +/- 40 cm with an elevational accuracy of +/- 20 cm. Singlebeam surveys are carried out using a Konsburg Surveyor singlebeam echo sounder. Sound velocity profiles were recording using a Valeport Mini SVS probe and corrected in real time data capture. Again positioning is through real time RTK from the Leica SmartNet network. The positional accuracy of the survey is considered to be +/- 50 cm with an elevational accuracy of +/- 15 cm. Instrument calibration is in line with the EA National Survey Specification v.3, equipment is recalibrated at each mobilisation. Multibeam data are delivered as 1 km x 1 km ASCII files with a 0.5 m resolution. Backscatter data are also collected and archived. Singlebeam surveys are supplied in EA format text files with additional interpolated 1 x 1 km ASCII and ESRI GRID files being delivered. Singlebeam data are delivered as text files with the data in EA standard format.

8 Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme

Monitoring Project Polygon Survey Frontage Survey days cell ID ID type Orford Ness S, ON PM_1467 P_9120 Multibeam 03-04/08/2013 The Knolls S, FF PM_1467 P_9119 Multibeam 08-09/08/2013 grid Aldeburgh Ridge S, SL PM_1467 P_9118 Multibeam 21-22/08/2013, 01- 02/09/2013 Landguard Point S, HR PM_1467 P_9117 Multibeam 06/08/2013 & Harwich Channel Landguard Point S, FX PM_1467 P_9116 Multibeam 06/08/2013, 08- 10/08/2013 Felixstowe S, FX PM_1467 P_9115 Multibeam 25/09/2013, 05- 08/10/2013 Bawdsey to S, BW, FX PM_1467 P_9114 Multibeam 08/09/2013, 10- Felixstowe 11/09/2013, 18/09/2013 Bawdsey S,HL,BW PM_1467 P_9113 Multibeam 19-20/09/2013, 22- 24/09/2013 Orford Shingle S, ON, HL PM_1467 P_9112 Multibeam 11 -13/08/2013, Street 20/08/2013, 05/09/2013 R. Roach E, ROA PM_1295 P_8486 Multibeam 15-25/07/2013 R. Crouch E, CRO PM_1295 P_8487 Multibeam 15-24/07/2013 R. Deben S, DEB PM_1295 P_8492 Multibeam 18-26/06/2013 Hamford Water E, HAM PM_1295 P_8495 Multibeam 17/05/2013 – 13/06/2013 R. Alde/Ore S, ORE PM_1295 P_8493 Multibeam 02/07/2013 – 14/07/2013 R. Blyth S, BLY PM_1295 P_8494 Multibeam 07/2013 R. Stour E, STO PM_1295 P_8490 Multibeam 04/02/2013 - 20/10/2013 Benacre to S,BB, CV, EB, PM_1468 P_9176 Singlebeam 12/12/2013 Reydon SW Southwold S, SW PM_1468 P_9177 Singlebeam 12/12/2013 The Denes, S, SW PM_1468 P_9178 Singlebeam 13/12/2013 Southwold Harbour Walberwick to S, WL, DW PM_1468 P_9179 Singlebeam 13/12/2013 Dunwich Dunwich to S, DW, MM PM_1468 P_9180 Singlebeam 13/12/2013 Minsmere Orford Ness, S, ON PM_1468 P_9181 Singlebeam 14/12/2013 Orford Beach Orford Ness, S, SL PM_1468 P_9182 Singlebeam 14/12/2013 Sudbourne Beach Slaughden S, SL PM_1468 P_9183 Singlebeam 13/12/2013 Table 4.1: Singlebeam and multibeam open coast hydrographic coverage

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 9

Figure 4.1: Bathymetry survey data coverage of Polygon P_9120

Figure 4.2: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9119

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Figure 4.3: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9118

Figure 4.4: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9117

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Figure 4.5: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9116

Figure 4.6: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9115

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Figure 4.7: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9114

Figure 4.8: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9113

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Figure 4.9: Bathymetry survey coverage of Polygon P_9112

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5 Topographic

Topographic survey transects extend along the length of the Anglian coast. Every year transect lines spaced at 1 km intervals are surveyed in the summer and winter seasons (referred to as ‘strategic’ transect lines). In addition to this, more intensive surveying occurs on a monitoring cell basis, depending on the schemes and programmes, geomorphological interest, flood and erosion risk or due to requests from coastal partners. Each year, more transects can be surveyed if required and the spacing between transects reduced within a monitoring cell. At managed beaches, where renourishment is taking place, transects are spaced at 50 m intervals where sediment is being deposited. The number of times a transect is surveyed may also be increased. The monitoring cells covered by transect surveys are listed in Table 1.1. To survey the beach a team of surveyors walk the transect lines from a minimum of 20 m inland of the sea defence to the Mean Low Water Spring level, taking elevation measurements at every 10 m or every change in gradient or substrate. Surveyors also note the substrate type at each survey point and this is coded into the output text file. In the summer campaign the surveyor will take three photographs at each transect line. The first looking inland towards the sea defence, another looking out to sea down the transect and a third photo across the transect along the line of defence. These photographs are delivered as .jpg images with the files. Topographic surveys have vertical 10 mm accuracy, and control is supplied by RTK base station sites at EA E1 High Order Control Network markers which are observed to E2 standard on each survey. EDI Surveys are responsible for the topographic surveys’ QC and processing of the data. More information can be obtained from seasonal survey reports. Data are delivered as individual (.txt) text files for each transect line in EA Standard Format, detailing chainage, easting, northing, elevation and substrate. At managed beaches, especially re-nourished sites, quad bikes have been used to collect continuous spot height measurements across an area allowing us to produce a DTM. Where the use of vehicles is restricted or not appropriate such as dune habitats, spot heights are collected by surveyors on foot. Foot surveys are also used to measure alongshore lines in order to tie in the spot heights with transect surveys. Foot surveyors will collect data close to groynes and on the lower and upper beach areas inaccessible to the ATV. The extent of areas surveyed with the quad bikes, or where walked spot heights have been collected are shown in Figures 7.12 to 7.16.

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 15 6 Hydrodynamics

The Anglian network of Directional Waverider (DWR) wavebuoys continued to log data throughout 2013-14. Real-time and archived wave data from the buoys is available from the WaveNet website at http://www.cefas.defra.gov.uk/wavenet.

Frontage Monitoring cell Wavebuoy Wavebuoy ID Deployment name duration

Chapel St L, MB Chapel Point LWB2 2011 – present Leonards The Wash, Well W North Well WWB1 2006 – present Channel Blakeney Point N, BP Blakeney NWB1 2006 – present Overfalls Happisburgh N, MH, HW Happisburgh NWB2 2011 – present Felixstowe S, FX Felixstowe EWB2 2011 – present Table 6.1: Table of current wavebuoy deployments The Southwold Approach (SWB1) and South Knock (EWB1) buoys are now maintained by the UK Coastal Monitoring and Forecasting service (UKCMF). Data for these buoys continues to be available from WaveNet. Annual archived wave data is processed and quality checked by Cefas with the main wave parameters available directly from the Shoreline Monitoring Group in MS Excel spreadsheet format (.xlsx). These parameters include significant wave height (Hs), Mean period (Tz), Peak period (Tp) and Main direction (Mdir).

© Environment Agency Photo 6.1: Felixstowe DWR

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Figure 6.1: Location of wavebuoys maintained as part of the Anglian Coastal Monitoring. Note this plot does not include Southwold Approach (SWB1) and South Knock (EWB1) now adopted by the UKCMF network.

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 17 7 Appendix

Figure 7.1: Aerial photography coverage over Lincolnshire

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Figure 7.2: Aerial photography coverage over The Wash

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 19

Figure 7.3: Aerial photography coverage over Norfolk

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Figure 7.4: Aerial photography coverage over Suffolk

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Figure 7.5: Aerial photography coverage over Essex

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Figure 7.6: LiDAR coverage at Hunstanton

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Figure 7.7: LiDAR coverage in Norfolk

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Figure 7.8: LiDAR coverage in Suffolk

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Figure 7.9: LiDAR coverage in Essex

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Figure 7.10: Hydrographic survey coverage of the Suffolk coast

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Figure 7.11: Hydrographic survey coverage of the Suffolk coast

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Figure 7.12: Spot height survey from Theddlethorpe to Skegness

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Figure 7.13: Spot height survey from Hunstanton to Heacham

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Anglian Coastal Monitoring Programme (Phase 8): Topographic Surveys

Figure 7.14: Spot height surveys at five areas at Holme dunes

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Figure 7.15: Spot height survey from Overstrand to Winterton

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Figure 7.16: Spot height survey along Felixstowe

Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme 33 List of abbreviations

Anglian Coastal Monitoring (ACM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Digital Surface Model (DSM) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Directional Waverider (DWR) Environment Agency (EA) Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCRM) Geographic Information System (GIS) Global Positioning System (GPS) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Ordnance Survey (OS) Position and Orientation System (POS) Quality Control/Check (QC) Real Time kinematics (RTK) Red Green Blue and infer-red (RGBi) Shoreline Management Group (SMG) United Kingdom Coastal Monitoring and Forecasting service (UKCMF).

34 Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2013/14 programme