The TrueTEX Times Option: Using Times Fonts with TrueTEX Richard J. Kinch [email protected]
Abstract This document explains how to use Times fonts for text and mathematics in TrueTEX. Instructions for installing and using the TrueTEX Times Option are included. Also included are a troubleshooting guide, extensive examples of mathematics in the Times style, font samples, and technical references.
Contents Although you install and use the TrueTEX Times Option for certain documents, you may also continue to use Computer 1 Using Times Text Fonts with TrueTEX 1 Modern fonts in other documents. The Option adds to the styles available in LATEX, it does not replace them. However, if you want 2 Installing and Using the Times Option 2 to use Times-style documents exclusively, you could uninstall the 2.1 Installing TrueTEX Components ...... 2 Computer Modern fonts from TrueTEX. If you want to only use 2.2 Installing Windows 95 Components ...... 2 Computer Modern, you should not install the Times Option. With the combination of TEX virtual fonts, TrueTEX Unicode 3 Using the Times Style Options 2 rendering, and Microsoft pan-European fonts, using Times instead 3.1 Using the Times Text Style ...... 2 of Computer Modern fonts with TEX is now much more effective 3.2 Using Times Math Style ...... 2 than ever before. The original 7-bit TEX encodings and the multilingual T1 TEX encodings will work, because almost all of 4 Troubleshooting 2 the characters TEX expects in a text font are available in the new Microsoft pan-European fonts for multilanguage applications in 5 Samples and Tests for Text and Mathematics 3 Windows 95 and NT. The pan-European fonts contain all 5.1 Text Samples and Tests ...... 3 characters in Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4), which covers 652 5.2 Math Samples and Tests ...... 4 characters required in Western, Central, and Eastern European 5.3 Text and Belleek Math Font Tables ...... 14 writing systems, and Greek and Turkish. While the concept of such switching seems simple, the extra 6 Understanding Technical Details 15 TEX software needed to implement it is enormous, mostly due to 6.1 How TrueTEX Uses Standard Windows Fonts . . . 15 the elaborate scheme LATEX uses to manage font encodings in the 6.2 How TrueTEX Uses the Belleek Math Fonts . . . . 16 New Font Select Scheme (NFSS). 6.3 How LATEX and the NFSS Access the Fonts . . . . 16 To set mathematics in a Times style (Computer Modern is not 6.4 How the LATEX Styles Switch LATEX to Use the Fonts 17 stylistically similar) requires many symbols not available in the 6.5 Component Files of the TrueTEX Times Option Distribution ...... 18 Microsoft text fonts. The TrueTEX Times Option, to provide these symbols, installs three additional TrueType fonts:
1 Using Times Text Fonts with TrueT X Belleek Math Fonts versus Computer Modern E Belleek Math Font Computer Modern Analog Belleek Math Symbols ( ) CM Math Symbols ( ) The TrueTEX Times Option allows you to use the Times fonts blsy cmsy10 Belleek Math Extension ( ) CM Math Extension ( ) provided in Windows for LATEX documents. A single style blex cmex10 Belleek Math Italic ( ) CM Math Italic ( ) command switches the text and/or mathematics of a LATEX rblmi cmmi10 document to use the Times fonts. 1 The TrueTEX Times Option uses the standard PSNFSS LATEX The Belleek math fonts are similar to the MathTime fonts , package for style switching, as documented in the LATEX which are supported in the LATEX mathtime style. Indeed, the Companion. Your LATEX documents using the Times styles will be metrics and encodings are exactly compatible, so that you can use compatible with any LATEX implementation that supports the the LATEX mathtime style by simply installing the TrueTEX standard packages, not just TrueTEX. Times Option. 1 For compatibility with the LATEX mathtime style, the TrueTEX Times Option provides fonts which are metric-compatible with the MathTime fonts published by the TEXplorators Corporation. However, the Belleek math fonts are not the MathTime fonts: the Belleek math fonts contain our original hand-crafted designs drawn after the Times style.
1 2 Installing and Using the Times Option 3.2 Using Times Math Style To create a LAT X document that uses the Times style for math, The Times Option for TrueTEX requires Windows 95 or E insert the command: Windows NT, and release 4.0S or later of the TrueTEX previewer, Unicode edition (DVIGDI32.EXE). \usepackage[noTS1]{mathtime}
2.1 Installing TrueTEX Components before the \begin{document} command. The “noTS1” option in the command tells LAT X that you do The TrueT X Times Option contains all the components to create \usepackage E E not want to use “companion fonts”, which are “TS1” re-encodings LAT X documents that use the Windows fonts Times New, Arial, E of the fonts that provide miscellaneous symbols not supported in and Courier New for text in place of the usual Computer Modern. the TrueT X Times option. Note: the exact capitalization, Run the setup.exe program on the TrueT X Times disk to E E “ ” is required when you specify the option. This command automatically install the T X virtual fonts, Belleek TrueType noTS1 E will also switch the document to Times text, as if you had also fonts, LAT X font and encoding denitions, and the LAT X styles E E included \usepackage{times}. times.sty and mathtime.sty. Tables at the end of this The math components of the TrueT X Times Option use three document set forth the les installed and their purposes. E additional Belleek TrueType fonts blsy, blex, and rblmi, The LAT X styles are taken from the CTAN PSNFSS package. If E which provide 333 extra math symbols for LAT X, symbols which you should want to install a later distribution of that package from E are not in the usual Windows fonts. CTAN, you need to make a simple change to the three font Any version of Windows and any release of TrueT X will work denition les my*mtt.fd: change the font-name references in E with these fonts, since they are encoded like the T X 7-bit fonts the DeclareFontShape commands to call on the Belleek E and do not require Unicode rendering (except for dotlessi, as fonts, as follows: explained below). File Name Declaration Line my1mtt.fd \DeclareFontShape{MY1} {mtt}{m}{it}{<->BLMI}{} 4 Troubleshooting my2mtt.fd \DeclareFontShape{MY2} I installed the TrueT X Times optional disk, but my {mtt}{m}{n}{<->BLSY}{} E documents still appear in Computer Modern: you need to my3mtt.fd \DeclareFontShape{MY3} insert or {mtt}{m}{n}{<->BLEX}{} \usepackage{mathtime} \usepackage{times} into your LATEX document before \begin{document}. 2.2 Installing Windows 95 Components LATEX complains that it can't nd times.sty or If you are using Windows 95, you must also install the mathtime.sty: You haven't installed the TrueTEX Windows 95 multilanguage support from the Windows 95 Times macros, or you installed them in a directory not in the CD-ROM (if you have not already done so), which will then TrueTEX TEXINPUTS path. install the pan-European versions of Times New, Arial, and Courier New (the US and western Europe versions of Windows 95 I get the message from LATEX: LaTeX Font Warning: by default supply the lesser-populated ANSI fonts). Windows NT Some font shapes were not available, always installs the pan-European versions. See “Installing defaults substituted, and the document previews Multilanguage Support” in the Windows 95 Help (found on the and prints in Computer Modern: You haven't installed the tool bar “Start” button) for details. Of the three components TrueTEX Times font denitions, or you installed them in a available in “Multilanguage Support Details”, you should select directory not in the TrueTEX TEXINPUTS path. Central European and Greek Language Support; Cyrillic is not now used in the Times Option. If you do not have these versions I get the message from TEX or LATEX: Font ::: not of the fonts installed, certain accented characters that LATEX loadable: Metric (TFM) file not found: expects to use will show up as blank or missing in the previewer. – If font ptmr8c led to this message, you are using a recent version of LATEX which attempts to load 3 Using the Times Style Options miscellaneous symbols from “companion fonts” (the TS1 encoding); the TrueTEX Times option does not 3.1 Using the Times Text Style support this recent LATEX enhancement. Specify the “noTS1” option, as in A To create a LTEX document that uses the Times style for text, \usepackage[noTS1]{mathtime}, which tells insert the command: LATEX to not load these fonts. \usepackage{times} – You haven't installed the TrueTEX Times font metric les, or you installed them in a directory not in the before the \begin{document} command. TrueTEX TEXFONTS path.
2 I get the message from TEX or LATEX: This NFSS go through several layers of virtual font mapping to render system isn't set up properly: Either LATEX or each character, a design determined by the LATEX package the TrueTEX Times Option is out of date with respect to the authors, not TrueTEX. other. You need an updated version of LATEX or the Times Option, or perhaps both. The dotless i in the font blmi is missing: The Belleek italic dotless i is actually taken from a Unicode character in Accents, or ligatures like fi, are missing from previewer Times New Roman Italic. You are either using a and/or printed output, or appear as rectangles: non-Unicode version of Windows or the TrueTEX – Under Windows 95, if you have not installed the previewer, or you have not installed the multilanguage multilanguage options (see Windows Help), the fonts Windows fonts. If the problem manifests itself only when on your system do not contain all the accented printing in Windows 95, then the printer driver probably has not been updated to support Unicode. characters and ligatures which TEX expects to use, or – You are using the Times Option under a non-Unicode When I try to print, a box from Windows appears saying, version of Windows like Windows 3.1 or Windows for “Dvigdi32 ::: An error has occurred in Workgroups 3.11; Windows 95 or Windows NT is your program. To keep working anyway, required, or click Ignore and save your work in a new – If previews are correct but printing is missing file. To quit this program, click characters under Windows 95, the printer driver may Close. You will lose information you not support Unicode: try setting the driver to “print entered since your last Save. [Close] TrueType as graphics,” or nd a later version of the [Ignore]” The error is actually arising in the Microsoft driver, or use a bit-mapped driver for the same printer printer driver, not the previewer application or a compatible printer. For example, the LaserJet DVIGDI32.EXE. The error message pops up each time the 4 Plus driver in Windows 95 is known to not presently printed page calls for a Unicode character, such as a support Unicode printing, although the LaserJet IIIsi ligature. Choosing “Ignore” seems to work safely, but the driver does (you can use the IIIsi driver on a 4 Plus page does not print correctly. Try to nd another driver for printer). your printer, or a later version of the driver that is causing Math fonts preview the wrong characters (or boxes in blue), the problem. and the printing is similarly incorrect: The Belleek math This message box takes the prize for annoyances from fonts are not rendering, because they are not installed Microsoft, as it is not only mistaken, but also violates many (check for them with the Windows Font Installer applet). stylistic guidelines which Microsoft asserts. The message wrongly accuses an innocent application. Programs are Math formulas using the Belleek fonts appear OK, but supposed to be called “applications” now, not “programs”. running text still appears in Computer Modern: The LAT X E Messages are supposed to say “select”, not “click”, because font denitions, virtual fonts, and/or font metrics for the not everyone uses a clicking mouse as a pointing device. times style are not installed or are not in the TEXFONTS The previewer does not “save” work; that part of the or TEXINPUTS paths. message is meaningless and distracting. And you will not Documents using Times load and preview slowly compared lose any information such as the message threatens, but you to Computer Modern: This is normal, since the Times fonts will get an incorrect printed result.
5 Samples and Tests for Text and Mathematics 5.1 Text Samples and Tests Here are some samples of text using the Times style, \usepackage{times}:
3 Trouble-Prone Unicode Characters (The examples should not appear blank, or as the missing-character rectangle) The dotless i character Text mode (\i): Math mode ($\imath$): i
Ligatures ff = ff fi = fl = ffi = f ffl = f
Text accents \`{o} o \'{o} o´ \ˆ{o} oˆ \"{o} o¨ \˜{o} o˜ \={o} o¯ \.{o} o \u{o} o \v{o} o \H{o} o \t{oo} oo \c{o} o¸ A \d{o} o \b{o} o . ¯ Non-English Characters \oe œ \OE Œ \ae æ \AE Æ \aa a \AA A \o ø \O Ø \l \L \ss ß ?` ¿ !` ¡
Special Punctuation \dag \ddag \copyright c y z Note: \P (paragraph sign), \S (section sign), and \pounds (sterling sign) are not available in times.sty
Lowercase Greek (math mode) \alpha \theta \o o \tau \beta \vartheta # \pi \upsilon \gamma \iota \varpi $ \phi \delta \kappa \rho \varphi ' \epsilon \lambda \varrho % \chi \varepsilon " \mu \sigma \psi \zeta \nu \varsigma & \omega ! \eta \xi
Uppercase Greek (math mode) \Gamma 0 \Lambda 3 \Sigma 6 \Psi 9 \Delta 1 \Xi 4 \Upsilon 7 \Omega • \Theta 2 \Pi 5 \Phi 8
LAT X Standard Size-Changing Commands E LATEX NFSS Font-Changing Commands (After the LAT X Companion, Table 7.1) E (After the LATEX Companion, Table 7.2) \tiny Size \textrm{...} Typeset text in roman family \scriptsize Size \textsf{...} Typeset text in sans serif family \footnotesize Size \texttt{...} Typeset text in typewriter family \small Size \textmd{...} Typeset text in medium series \normalsize Size \textbf{...} Typeset text in bold series \large Size \textup{...} Typeset text in upright shape \Large Size \textit{...} Typeset text in italic shape \LARGE Size \textsc{...} Typeset text in SMALLCAPS shape \emph{...} Typeset text emphasized \huge Size \textnormal{...} Typeset text in the document font \Huge Size \textsl{...} (Slanted shape—not supported)
5.2 Math Samples and Tests Here are some samples of mathematics using Times-style math, \usepackage{mathtime}:
4 Predened Math Alphabet Identiers in NFSS (After the LATEX Companion, Table 7.4) Command Example \mathcal $\mathcal{A}=a$ a A D \mathrm $\mathrm{max}_i$ maxi \mathbf $\sum x = \mathbf{v}$ x v D \mathsf $\mathsf{G}_1ˆ2$ G2 P1 \mathtt $\mathtt{W}(a)$ W.a/ \mathnormal $\mathnormal{abc}=abc$ abc abc D \mathit $differ\neq\mathit{differ}$ di f f er differ 6D n G i (LATEX Companion, eq. 7.1) D A C i 1 B XD
Ai a tan D The result willX be x 10 and thus y 12. D D The following samples are from chapters 16–19 of The TEXbook, suitably translated into LATEX commands where appropriate (for example, \eqalign's are translated into the eqnarray or array environments).
2 $xˆ2$ x $x_2$ x2 $2ˆx$ 2x $xˆ2yˆ2$ x2 y2 2 2 $x ˆ 2y ˆ 2$ x y $x_2y_2$ x2 y2 2y $_2F_3$ 2 F3 $xˆ{2y}$ x x 2x $2ˆ{2ˆx}$ 22 $2ˆ{2ˆ{2ˆx}}$ 22
$y_{x_2}$ yx2 $y_{xˆ2}$ yx2 3 4 $((xˆ2)ˆ3)ˆ4$ ..x2/3/4 ${({(xˆ2)}ˆ3)}ˆ4$ ..x2/ / 2 2 $xˆ2_3$ x3 $x_3ˆ2$ x3 d 31415 zc $xˆ{31415}_{92}+\pi$ x92 $x_{yˆa_b}ˆ{z_cˆd}$ xya C b $y_1ˆ\prime$ y10 $y_2ˆ{\prime\prime}$ y200
$y_3ˆ{\prime\prime\prime}$ y3000 $f'[g(x)]g'(x)$ f 0[g.x/]g0.x/ $y_1'+y_2''$ y y $y'_1+y''_2$ y y 10 C 200 10 C 200 $y'''_3+g'ˆ2$ y g 2 $\sqrt2$ p2 3000 C 0 $\sqrt{x+2}$ px 2 $\underline4$ 4 C $\overline{x+y}$ x y $\overline x+\overline y$ x y C C n m n $xˆ{\underline n}$ x $xˆ{\overline{m+n}}$ x C $\sqrt{xˆ3+\sqrt\alpha}$ x3 p $\root 3 \of 2$ p3 2 C n n n n 1 $\root n \of {xˆn+yˆn}$ px y $\root n+1 \of a$ Cpa C $x+y-z$ x y z $x+y*z$ x y z C C $x*y/z$ x y=z $x\times y\cdot z$ x y z $x\circ y\bullet z$ x y z $x\cup y\cap z$ x y z [ \ $x\sqcup y\sqcap z$ x y z $x\vee y\wedge z$ x y z t u _ ^ $x\pm y\mp z$ x y z It is important to distinguish (\times) from X (X) and from x (x); to distinguish (\cup) from U (U) and from u [ (u); to distinguish (\vee) from V (V) and from v (v); to distinguish (\circ) from O (O) and from o (o). The _ 5 symbols ` ' and ` ' can also be called \lor and \land, since they frequently stand for binary operations that are called “logical or”_ and “logical^ and.”
$x=+1$ x 1 DC $3.142-$ 3:142 $(D*)$ .D / $K_nˆ+,K_nˆ-$ KnC; Kn
$zˆ*_{ij}$ zi j $gˆ\circ \mapsto gˆ\bullet$ g g 7! $fˆ*(x) \cap f_*(y)$ f .x/ f .y/ \ $x=y>z$ x y > z D $x:=y$ x : y D $x\le y\ne z$ x y z 6D $x\sim y\simeq z$ x y z ' $x\equiv y\not\equiv z$ x y z 6 $x\subset y\subseteq z$ x y z $f(x,y;z)$ f .x; y z/ I $f:A\to B$ f : A B ! $f\colon A\to B$ f : A B ! $12,345x$ 12; 345x .wrong/ $12{,}345x$ 12;345x .right/ $\hat a$ $\check a$ a a O L $\tilde a$ $\acute a$ a a Q K $\grave a$ $\dot a$ a a J P $\ddot a$ $\breve a$ a a R M $\bar a$ $\vec a$ a a N E $\widehat x,\widetilde x$ x; x $\widehat{xy},\widetilde{xy}$ xy; xy b e $\widehat{xyz},\widetilde{xyz}$ xyz; xyz c f d g
6 x2 $eˆ{-xˆ2}$ e
$D\sim pˆ\alpha M+l$ D p M l C {\def\ghat{{\hat g}}
1 $\ghat\in(Hˆ{\pi_1ˆ{-1}})'$} g .H 1 / O 2 0 x y2 $$x+yˆ2\over k+1$$ kC 1 C x y2 $${x+yˆ2\over k}+1$$ C 1 k C y2 $$x+{yˆ2\over k}+1$$ x 1 C k C y2 $$x+{yˆ2\over k+1}$$ x C k 1 C2 k 1 $$x+yˆ{2\over k+1}$$ x y C aC b $${a\over b}\over 2$$ 2 a $$a\over{b\over 2}$$ b 2 a=b $$a/b \over 2$$ 2 a $$a \over b/2$$ b=2 x $$x\atop y+2$$ y 2 C n $$n\choose k$$ k 1 a0 C 1 a1 C 1 a2 C 1 a3 C a4
a b : c d
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Oy ! 1 i 1 ? 1 R f V . ?i M/ O y ? ?0 y 1 1 n n an z converges if z < lim sup an : n 0 j j n j j XD !1 p f .x 1x/ f .x/ C f 0.x/ as 1x 0. 1x ! ! ui 1; ui u j 0 if i j. k k D D 6D an arc an arc The conuent image of a circle is an arc or a circle : ( a fan ) ( a fan or an arc ) 12 1 zn .1 qk/ .1 qk z/ D k 0 n 0 1 k n Y X Y X1 X p m C C D Y1 Yq n C C D lg n lg n lg n T .n/ T .2d e/ c.3d e 2d e/ < 3c 3lg n 3c nlg 3 D f .z/ D x 2 f .z2/ D 8 D 9 y 2 f .z3/ D < D = : ; 1 x x x x x x x x x x 1 j n . j 1/:::. j j 1/. j /. j j 1/:::. j n/ X C 1 :.27/ D .x x1/:::.x xn/ 1 n.n 1/ 2 2 2 2 2 q 2 C .ea q / .eq=a q / .caq=e q / .cq =ae q / I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 .e q/ .cq=e q/ I 1 I 1 1 n.n 1/ 2 2 q 2 C .ea q / .eq=a q / I 1 I 1 .caq=e q2/ .cq2=ae q2/ I 1 I 1 .e q/ .cq=e q/ I 1 I 1 A;:::; Z a;:::; z 0;:::;• ;:::; ;:::;! @ @ D@ () " > ; , " 8 ! x a < f .x/ l < " j j ) j j V V V V V V ! k l k l C | {z } | {z } | {z } x x x .A B/ A B f j 6D g D ; \ \ x X xy xyz A O C C C C E b c d Ri jkl R jikl Ri jlk Rkli j D D D 13 . f g/0.x/ f 0.g.x// g0.x/ B D x x > a f .x/ j j D x x a j j 1 x x e dx p D Z 1 i @ j @ X i x j D i @x C j @x X X P 5.3 Text and Belleek Math Font Tables The following tables show the complete character sets for the main text font (Times New Roman) and the three Belleek fonts: blmi, blsy, and blex. Each entry in the table should show a character, and should not appear blue in the previewer. Certain entries in the tables will appear as “NE”; this is normal. Test of Times New Roman (OT1 Encoding) NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE ff f f NE ´ ¯ ¸ ß æ œ ø Æ Œ Ø NE ! ” # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; ¡ = ¿ ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ “ ] ˆ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z – — ˜ ¨ NE–Not encoded in font Test of blmi (Belleek Math Italic, MY1 or OML Encoding) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z i | } ~ • Test of blsy (Belleek Math Symbols, MY2 or OMS Encoding) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O NE NE NE NE NE NE NE P Q R S [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o NE NE NE NE p q r s t u v w | } ~ • NE–Not encoded in font 14 Test of blex (Belleek Math Extension, MY3 or OMX Encoding) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ • 6 Understanding Technical Details Ultimately, the PSNFSS mechanism resolves characters down to a few “actual fonts” which need not necessarily be PostScript 6.1 How TrueTEX Uses Standard Windows Fonts fonts. In TrueTEX, we can implement the same fonts using TrueType fonts in Windows. Indeed, the TrueType multilingual A The LTEX NFSS (a “new font selection scheme”, described in the fonts on Windows 95 or NT contain a superset of the PostScript A LTEX Companion) rationalizes the font-selection mechanism in character sets, and contain many T X characters that are missing A E LTEX, which in previous versions had been limited and inexible. from the PostScript fonts (although to preserve compatibility of An optional LAT X package, collectively and confusingly called E LATEX documents with PostScript-based implementations we have “PSNFSS” (PostScript-NFSS, although PostScript is not necessarily not exploited this extension). Windows provides TrueType involved), instructs LAT X to use various “PostScript” fonts for E equivalents for the times style fonts: Times New Roman (for text, instead of the default Computer Modern fonts. The times Times), Arial (for Helvetica), and Courier. style from PSNFSS (times.sty) is one component of the package; that style switches LATEX to use the Times font for The virtual PSNFSS fonts use common TEX Computer Modern Roman text, the Helvetica font for sans serif text, and the Courier encodings like OT1 or T1 for text. The Times-style math fonts use font for typewriter text; where these three type styles roughly encodings MY1 for blmi, MY2 for blsy, and MY3 for blex. correspond to the roman, italic, and typewriter styles presumed to The text virtual fonts refer in turn to characters in an 8-bit real font be available in LATEX. The use of the label “PostScript” in the encoding known as “8r”, which uses undened codes from the package is a bit of confusion, because the fonts can just as well be “Adobe Standard Encoding” to encode new characters, and also implemented in TrueType or other method, and PostScript does re-denes other slots for other new characters. The 8r encoding 2 not necessarily have any role in the system, as is exhibited in was invented in the context of LATEX for the purpose of TrueTEX. re-encoding Type 1 fonts so as to make certain unencoded The times style is written at a high enough level that the characters favored by LATEX from the standard set in Type 1 fonts version published by the package authors on CTAN can be used available for 8-bit output. For example, in a PostScript-based without modication in TrueTEX. The style le calls upon various implementation, the font ptmr8r is the real font Times-Roman in LATEX font denition (*.fd) les, but even these les are used in the 8r encoding. In our TrueType and Unicode implementation, the original form. The *.fd les in turn call upon various fonts, we make ptmr8r a virtual font which in turn refers to the Times and it is here that TrueTEX departs from the PostScript New Roman (TrueType) real font, and which re-maps the implementation, using TEX virtual fonts to implement the various PostScript character codes of the 8r encoding to the appropriate PostScript fonts called on by times, using the TrueType fonts as Unicode characters in an extended virtual font (*.xvf) or 8-bit the actual fonts. characters in a standard virtual fonts (*.vf). The following table lists how we have virtualized the PostScript fonts (presumed by the PSNFSS package) using TrueType fonts. The “core” fonts in this implementation use the standard Microsoft fonts Times New, Arial, and Courier. Certain shape variations which are “difcult” to select in LATEX, like the oblique shapes, require additional TrueType fonts not provided with Windows; we have made 2The author being Sebastian Rahtz as part of the fontinst tools. 15 certain choices from the widely available font bundle included in Corel Draw. The non-Microsoft fonts typically have smaller character sets (the ANSI characters only), so even if you have the fonts installed, not all characters may be populated in those shapes. PostScript Real Fonts vs. TrueTEX Virtual Fonts for PSNFSS “8r”-encoded TrueTEX PSNFSS real Windows PostScript dvips modier font Face Name1 Font Name pcrb8r courbd Courier-Bold pcrbo8r courbi Courier-BoldOblique pcrr8r cour Courier pcrro8r couri Courier-Oblique phvb8r arialbd Helvetica-Bold phvb8rn Switzerland Narrow Bold Helvetica-Narrow-Bold phvbo8r arialbi Helvetica-BoldOblique phvbo8rn Switzerland Narrow BdIt Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique phvbon8r Swiss Bold Cond Italic Helvetica-BoldOblique .82 ExtendFont phvbrn8r Swiss Bold Condensed Helvetica-Bold .82 ExtendFont phvl8r Swiss Light2 Helvetica-Light phvlo8r Swiss Light Italic Helvetica-LightOblique phvr8r arial Helvetica phvr8rn Switzerland Narrow Rom Helvetica-Narrow phvro8r ariali Helvetica-Oblique phvro8rn Switzerland Narrow Ital Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique phvron8r Swiss Cond Italic Helvetica-Oblique .82 ExtendFont phvrrn8r Swiss Condensed Helvetica .82 ExtendFont psyro Symbol Symbol .167 SlantFont ptmb8r timesbd Times-Bold ptmbi8r timesbi Times-BoldItalic ptmbo8r timesbi3 Times-Bold .167 SlantFont ptmr8r times Times-Roman ptmri8r timesi Times-Italic ptmro8r timesi3 Times-Roman .167 SlantFont ptmrre8r times3 Times-Roman 1.2 ExtendFont ptmrrn8r times3 Times-Roman .82 ExtendFont 1 Windows face names are in uppercase; lowercase are TEX equivalent names 2 “Swiss” is BitStream's Swiss 721 3 Closest unstretched font 6.2 How TrueTEX Uses the Belleek Math Fonts system.” One has to question how “easy” it is, since switching text requires several hundred lines of .dtx code (documented LATEX The blsy and blex fonts do not use virtual font mapping, since macros), while switching math requires about 1200 lines! All that the actual TrueType fonts implement the “TEX ad hoc” encoding can be said is that it is perhaps not as difcult as it could have of 7-bit TrueTEX fonts in Windows. The blmi font is a virtual been in the old scheme. font (implemented in les blmi.vf and blmi.xvf) which Be assured, though, that you don't need to know much about maps the blmi characters to the two actual TrueType fonts LATEX font selection to have it work correctly for you; the styles at rblmi and timesi (Times New Roman Italic). In this virtual least make it easy for you to get what you want. What follow is an blmi, the alphabet characters A–Z and a–z, and the character explanation of some details of what's happening in the times dotlessi, map to Times New Roman Italic; all other characters map and mathtime styles. to rblmi. At the lowest level, LATEX understands fonts merely by their metrics, as in .tfm les. The new scheme also provides a way to specify font encoding in les, and to specify scaling and 6.3 How LATEX and the NFSS Access the Fonts .def shape possibilites in .fd les. The TrueTEX Times Option installs Font selection in LATEX has grown into a gloriously complicated a set of font metrics .tfm's for the Windows text fonts and matter, which we can't begin to describe here; instead you should Belleek math fonts. These fonts are similar to the ones presumed refer to the material in the LATEX Companion chapter 7, “Font in the times and mathtime styles, and work compatibly with Selection.” There you will be told that the current (new) scheme the .def and .fd tables in the associated PSNFSS package. allows “integrating new font families easily into an existing LATEX So the switch from PostScript fonts to a TrueType 16 implementation is hardly visible to LATEX at all. Indeed, the only 6.4 How the LATEX Styles Switch LATEX to Use the difference is that some of the metrics have changed very slightly. Fonts All the same fonts with the same names are apparently available, and those fonts are the ones called for in the DVI output from The style is thoroughly simple. It merely switches the LAT X. The isolation from the substitution is nally undone when times E default Roman, sans serif, and typewriter fonts to the Times, the DVI translator resolves T X virtual fonts into actual fonts: all E Helvetica, and Courier fonts. Details of shape and size selection of the PostScript font names which LATEX used will, during DVI are handled at run time by the NFSS. translation of virtual fonts, map to various TrueType fonts. This mapping embodies not merely a substitution of font names, but Math font switching in the mathtime style is far more also an elaborate translation of character codes that matches the complex. The style must establish the relevant encodings of the PostScript character codes with Unicode equivalents, and even math fonts, and declare the availability of math symbols, composition of missing characters from other available characters, operators, and alphabets. Many cases of code locations in fonts for such as ligatures being composed from concatenated single letters. lists of math symbols and accents must be enumerated explicitly. 17 6.5 Component Files of the TrueTEX Times Option Distribution Files Specic to the TrueTEX Times Option Files Purpose p{cr,hv,tm}{,b,c,i,o}- Virtual fonts which simulate various encodings and styles for PostScript (p) fonts {,7t,8t,8r}{,n}- Times (tm), Helvetica (hv), and Courier (cr). Shape variations can be combina- {.vf,.xvf,.tfm,.xfm} tions of bold (o), condensed (c), italic (i), and oblique (o). Encoding variations can be 7- or 8-bit bit TEX text (7t or 8t), or 8-bit raw (8r). The underlying ac- tual fonts are TrueType fonts standard in Windows: Times New Roman, Arial, and Courier New. The metrics (.tfm's) are derived from the TrueType fonts and are slightly different from those which would be derived from the similar PostScript fonts. The standard virtual font les (.vf's) map references to characters in the virtual PostScript fonts to 8-bit codes in the TrueType actual fonts. The Omega- extended virtual fonts (.xvf's) are similar to the .vf's, but also access extra Uni- code characters in the TrueType actual fonts not available with the 8-bit TrueType codes, yielding complete coverage of the PostScript encodings. Since the 8-bit codes of the TrueType fonts do not cover all the characters in the PostScript fonts, the .vf virtual fonts are incomplete, and the Omega-extended (.xvf) versions are preferred; the .vf's are included for compatibility with non-Omega-capable software. These les might be considered a partial “TrueTEX NFSS” system, analogous to the LATEX package for PostScript NFSS (PSNFSS). We created these les by exporting metrics from the TrueTEX previewer. bl{ex,sy}{.vf,.tfm} Metrics for the LATEX Times-style math extension and symbol fonts, and virtual fonts which translate references from the 7-bit LATEX fonts to the 7-bit Belleek implementations in TrueType. The math font metrics (blex.tfm, blsy.tfm) are identical to those presumed in the CTAN PSNFSS package, which provides compatibility with competitive implementations. We created the virtual fonts by exporting metrics from the TrueTEX previewer. blmi.tfm, blmi.vf, blmi.xvf, Metrics for the LATEX Times-style math italic font, plus a virtual font (both stan- rblmi.tfm dard and Omega-extended versions) which translates references from the 7-bit LATEX font to the 7-bit Belleek implementation in TrueType (in most cases) or to TrueType Times New Roman (in certain other cases). This virtual font (blmi) is different in two regards from the two other virtual fonts (blex and blsy): (1) since it is composed from two actual fonts, another virtual level is required, thus the extra rblmi font, and (2) since the actual characters used in Times New Roman are in Unicode positions, an Omega-extended virtual font is used (blmi.xvf). The math font metrics (blmi.tfm) are identical to those pre- sumed in the CTAN PSNFSS package, which provides compatibility with compet- itive implementations. We created the virtual font by exporting metrics from the previewer. The metrics for the raw TrueType font are also included for complete- ness. *.cod TrueTEX encoding tables for the Belleek math font encodings. We used these to export virtual fonts from the TrueTEX Previewer. Experts can use these encoding specications to modify the software. {blex,blsy,rblmi}.ttf TrueType font les for the Belleek math fonts. The TrueTEX Times Option Setup disk(s) install these fonts into your Windows system. We created the fonts using a graphical font editor and proprietary software tools, including ttf_edit. arial*.tfm, times*.tfm, and Metrics (provided for completeness) for the raw TrueType fonts. These are not cour*.tfm really usable, because the raw fonts are not in an encoding TEX can use directly, but they are needed for .vf to .vpl (or .xvf to .xpl) conversion, and vice versa. We generated these les by exporting metrics from the TrueTEX previewer. 18 Files (unmodied) from the CTAN PSNFSS Distribution Files Purpose times.sty Style le which switches LATEX text mode to use Times, Hel- vetica, and Courier fonts instead of Computer Modern Roman, sans serif, and typewriter. Calls on various LATEX font denition les ({8r,oml,oms,ot1,t1}{pcr,phv,ptm}.fd). mathtime.sty Style le which switches LATEX math mode to use Times-style math fonts in- stead of Computer Modern math extension, math symbols, and math italic. Calls on various LATEX font denition les (my{1,2,3}mtt.fd). Also calls on times.sty to switch text mode to use Times fonts, if that switch has not yet been made in the LATEX document. {8r,oml,oms,ot1,t1}- LATEX NFSS text font denition les for the various shapes, sizes, and encodings {pcr,phv,ptm}.fd of Times Roman, Helvetica, and Courier virtual fonts. These also assign a virtual font name to each variant. Each combination of encoding and typeface has its own .fd le; then each .fd le in turn denes a number of shape variations, such as bold and italic. my{1,2,3}mtt.fd Current versions of the LATEX NFSS math font denition les for various encod- ings of Times-style math fonts for LATEX. These three encodings are close to, but not identical to, the OML-OMS-OMX encodings of the Computer Modern math fonts. These font denition les also assign a font name to each variant; for the TrueTEX Times Option the assignment is to the Belleek math fonts blex, blmi, and blsy; which is a slight change from the way the les appear on CTAN. 19