DOCSLIB.ORG

S. 1448, the Intelligence to Prevent Terrorism Act of 2001 and Other Legislative Proposals in the Wake of the September 11, 2001 Attacks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S. 1448, the Intelligence to Prevent Terrorism Act of 2001 and Other Legislative Proposals in the Wake of the September 11, 2001 Attacks S. HRG. 107–449 S. 1448, THE INTELLIGENCE TO PREVENT TERRORISM ACT OF 2001 AND OTHER LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS IN THE WAKE OF THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ATTACKS HEARING BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1448 THE INTELLIGENCE TO PREVENT TERRORISM ACT OF 2001 AND OTHER LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS IN THE WAKE OF THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ATTACKS MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2001 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–625 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS BOB GRAHAM, Florida, Chairman RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama, Vice Chairman CARL LEVIN, Michigan JON KYL, Arizona JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah RON WYDEN, Oregon PAT ROBERTS, Kansas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois MIKE DeWINE, Ohio EVAN BAYH, Indiana FRED THOMPSON, Tennessee JOHN EDWARDS, North Carolina RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland THOMAS A. DASCHLE, South Dakota, Ex Officio TRENT LOTT, Mississippi, Ex Officio ALFRED CUMMING, Staff Director BILL DUHNKE, Minority Staff Director KATHLEEN P. MCGHEE, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 CONTENTS Page Hearing held in Washington, DC: Monday, September 24, 2001 .......................................................................... 1 STATEMENTS Graham, Hon. Bob, a U.S. Senator from the State of Florida ............................. 1 Rockefeller IV, Hon. John D., a U.S. Senator from the State of West Virginia, prepared statement .............................................................................................. 6 Shelby, Hon. Richard C., a U.S. Senator from the State of Alabama ................. 4 WITNESSES Berman, Jerry, executive director, Center for Democracy & Technology ........... 54 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 48 Divoll, Vicki, General Counsel, Select Committee on Intelligence; accompanied by Steven Cash, Counsel, Select Committee on Intelligence ............................ 6 Halperin, Morton H., chair, Advisory Board and Kate Martin, director, on behalf of the Center for National Security Studies, prepared statement ........ 56 Kris, David, Associate Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice; ac- companied by: Larry Parkinson, General Counsel, Federal Bureau of Inves- tigations ................................................................................................................ 16 Martin, Kate, director, Center for National Security Studies .............................. 63 McNamara, Jr., Robert, General Counsel, Central Intelligence Agency ............. 17 Smith, Jeffrey H., partner, Arnold and Porter ...................................................... 46 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 41 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 S. 1448, THE INTELLIGENCE TO PREVENT TER- RORISM ACT OF 2001 AND OTHER LEGISLA- TIVE PROPOSALS IN THE WAKE OF THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ATTACKS MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2001 U.S. SENATE, SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:05 p.m., in room SH–216, Hart Senate Office Building, the Honorable Bob Graham (Chairman of the Committee) presiding. Committee Members Present: Senators Graham, Rockefeller, Feinstein, Wyden, Durbin, Bayh, Edwards, Mikulski, Shelby, Kyl, DeWine, Thompson, and Lugar. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BOB GRAHAM, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF FLORIDA Chairman GRAHAM. I call the meeting to order. This meeting of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence is for the purpose of hearing testimony on legislation that was intro- duced on Friday relative to law changes as it relates to American intelligence and counterterrorism. The horrific events of September 11 demonstrate America’s vul- nerability to international terrorism. But the warning signs of our vulnerability have been evident for some time—the bombing of the U.S. Embassy and the Marine Barracks in Beirut as long ago as 1983; the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center; the 1996 bomb- ing of Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia; the 1998 bombing of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania; and last year’s terrorist attack against the U.S.S. COLE in Yemen. These and other terrorist incidents have made it increasingly im- portant for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence to focus on the adequacy of the Intelligence Community’s response to the ter- rorist threat. Our Committee has called this hearing today to discuss with gov- ernment officials and outside experts and civil libertarians the pro- visions of S. 1448, The Intelligence to Prevent Terrorism Act of 2001, which Senator Feinstein and I introduced last Friday, along with co-sponsors Senators Rockefeller, Bayh and Nelson of Florida. We will also address today selected provisions of the proposal which was sent to the Congress by Attorney General John Ashcroft on Wednesday, September 19. The Attorney General provisions we (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 2 will address today are those that fall within the jurisdiction of the Intelligence Committee. A number of panels and commissions in recent years all have made clear that any effort to improve the governmentwide ap- proach to terrorism must take into account every facet of the issue—detection, prevention, consequence management, crisis man- agement, and law enforcement, diplomatic and military responses. We, as a government, need to address these issues in a coordinated fashion so that priorities may be set, resources allocated, and gov- ernment structures changed, if necessary, to serve that overall strategy. A counterterrorism intelligence program must be designed within that larger context of a government counterterrorism pro- gram. We must have a centralized authority for managing the in- telligence components of that counterterrorism policy. The Director of Central Intelligence needs to perform that intelligence role for the U.S. Government. In the wake of the September 11 incidents, we must begin to act on myriad aspects of this problem. Accordingly, last Friday, in ad- dition to the legislation I have already referenced, I introduced an- other bill, S. 1449 which creates a National Office for Combating Terrorism within the White House. Senator Feinstein and I and others have been working on this proposal for several months. We believe, along with the other co-sponsors—Senators Rockefeller, Durbin, Mikulski, Bayh, and Nelson of Florida—that for a coordi- nator of the forty-plus Federal agencies that must play a role in counterterrorism that the office should be with the following char- acteristics. It should be created in statute so as to support the Legislative and Executive branches. It should have a Senate-confirmed director so that he will have the stature appropriate for the position and should have budget authority over that portion of the various agen- cies’ budgets which relate to counterterrorism so that the director can set priorities and allocate the resources appropriately against those priorities. And finally, the director should examine the over- all structure of the U.S. Government to deal with terrorism preven- tion and response and, if necessary, recommend restructuring or merging of agencies and functions. We believe that the President’s Executive order was a significant step forward to achieve these objectives, and that the President’s selection of Governor Tom Ridge is an excellent choice to coordinate this enormous and critical effort by the U.S. Government. We want to give him the authority and the tools he needs to be successful. In this hearing today we will not be discussing the National Of- fice for Combating Terrorism. The Committee will have hearings on that bill in the near future in conjunction with the other commit- tees of jurisdiction, such as the Senate Committee on Govern- mental Affairs. Today we want to focus on the issues that are most critical for immediate resolution by the Congress. The Attorney General has urged expedited attention to his series of proposals. Our action today and the Judiciary Committee’s hearing tomorrow, which will focus on those matters in its jurisdiction, are indicative of the close collaboration between the Administration and the Congress on these critical issues. VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:04 Jul 31, 2002 Jkt 079625 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\INTEL\79625.TXT SSC1 PsN: SSC1 3 The bill that we will discuss today includes a number of statu- tory provisions relating to clarifying the authorities of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Staff Officers of the Confederate States Army. 1861-1865
    QJurttell itttiuetsity Hibrary Stliaca, xV'cni tUu-k THE JAMES VERNER SCAIFE COLLECTION CIVIL WAR LITERATURE THE GIFT OF JAMES VERNER SCAIFE CLASS OF 1889 1919 Cornell University Library E545 .U58 List of staff officers of the Confederat 3 1924 030 921 096 olin The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030921096 LIST OF STAFF OFFICERS OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY 1861-1865. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1891. LIST OF STAFF OFFICERS OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. Abercrombie, R. S., lieut., A. D. C. to Gen. J. H. Olanton, November 16, 1863. Abercrombie, Wiley, lieut., A. D. C. to Brig. Gen. S. G. French, August 11, 1864. Abernathy, John T., special volunteer commissary in department com- manded by Brig. Gen. G. J. Pillow, November 22, 1861. Abrams, W. D., capt., I. F. T. to Lieut. Gen. Lee, June 11, 1864. Adair, Walter T., surg. 2d Cherokee Begt., staff of Col. Wm. P. Adair. Adams, , lieut., to Gen. Gauo, 1862. Adams, B. C, capt., A. G. S., April 27, 1862; maj., 0. S., staff General Bodes, July, 1863 ; ordered to report to Lieut. Col. R. G. Cole, June 15, 1864. Adams, C, lieut., O. O. to Gen. R. V. Richardson, March, 1864. Adams, Carter, maj., C. S., staff Gen. Bryan Grimes, 1865. Adams, Charles W., col., A. I. G. to Maj. Gen. T. C. Hiudman, Octo- ber 6, 1862, to March 4, 1863. Adams, James M., capt., A.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgians During the War Between the States. N
    T H A D D R S S . , E E (C omra d es Since our last annual convocation fiv e links have fallen fromthat privileged chain which unites us in T Hos . the bonds of fraternal companionship . Private F L E M I N of M m on F . G , the edical Depart ent , died the F ft 5 Ma 1888. th of y, our days a erwards our colors appeared at half- mast in sorrowful token of the de L AT AS E m n G . T r of . pa ture Captain A , of Co pa y K , 1st m F v and 11th of Regi ent , lorida Ca alry ; , on the we m the following June escorted to the to b Captain J . P I N C K N E "T HO M AS - - m ff of M , aid de ca p on the sta ajor G M . " . n 2 th of eneral P . B oung O the 7 July Cap ’ I L L M A I 1 t W I AM . D N T GN AC m 0 h tain , of Co pany K , m G fa fi Regi ent, eorgia In ntry , responded to the nal mm a of su ons , and only two days agone we were dvised S L of . T AN E " om A the death Private H D . , of C pany , 28th m N Regi ent , orth Carolina Infantry . u of M m Thus , on the ret rn this e orial Day , are we m a again re inded th t ofiur circle , narrowing here , is expanding in the green elds beyond , where the rude l m w a r a aru s of are never heard , and where there is a rest etern l .
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of Kolb Farm Bulletin A
    National Park Service Kennesaw Mountain U.S. Department of the Interior Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Battle of Kolb’s Farm From Harper’s Weekly Before the War: On a 600-acre rural farm plantation known as the Kolb Farm, the widow of Peter Valentine The Kolb Family Farm Kolb resided with her family in an atypical enclosed, wooden dog-trot house. On June 22, 1864, her peace was rudely disturbed by Federal and Confederate troops who met in what was a com- plete disaster for Confederate forces. The Kolb homesite, which stood (and still stands) in its current location on the south side of Powder Springs Road, bore silent witness to the ugliness. It had been a self-sufficient farm since the 1830’s...remaining that way until war came to Geor- gia. The impending fighting caused the Kolb family to flee to Madison, Georgia, ahead of the approaching Union Army. The Kolbs, like many of their neighbors, abandoned their property in their flight, only to return to destruction and desolation. Joseph E. Johnston William T. Sherman South vs. North Army of the Hood’s Army Ohio Brig. Gen. Maj. Gen. Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood Milo S. Thomas Carter Hascall Hindman Stevenson John M. Schofield Col. Silas A. Strickland Manigault’s Deas’s Alabama Pettus’s Alabama (3rd Brigade) Brigade Brigade Brigade The Build-Up to the On June 18, 1864, General Joseph E. Johnston (provisional) brigade faced east, while two other Battle of Kolb Farm moved his Lost Mountain line two miles southeast, brigades slanted off to the southwest, protecting forming up into the heavily entrenched Kennesaw the right flank.
    [Show full text]
  • General Orders
    GENERA!, ORDERS, WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENKRAI.’s OFKICK, No. 8. Washington, April 3, 1861. Promotions and appointments in the Army of the United States, made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, since the publication of “ General Orders,” No. 24, of De- cember 3, I860. r...PROMOTIONS. Adjutant General's Department. Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo Thomas, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Adjutant General with the rank of Colonel, March 7, 1861, rice Cooper, resigned. Brevet Major Edward I'. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, March 7, 1861, rice Thomas, promoted. Brevet Captain Don Carlos Buell. Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the brevet rank of Major, February 25, 1861, vice Deas, resigned. Brevet Captain William A. Nichols, Assistant Adjutant General, to be Assistant Adjutant General with the brevet rank of Major, March 7, 1861, vice Townsend, promoted. Medical Department. Assistant Surgeon Lewis A. Edwards, to be Surgeon, February 19. 1861, vice De Leon, resigned. Assistant Surgeon John F. Hammond, to be Surgeon, February 25, 1861, vice Moore, resigned. Corps of Engineers. Brevet Second Lieutenant William E. Merrill, to be Second Lieutenant, February 20, 1861, the date of Captain Beauregard’s resignation. Brevet Second Lieutenant Chauncey B. Reese, to be Second Lieutenant, February 20, 1861, the date of Captain Whiting’s resig- nation. Ordnance Department. Second Lieutenant George C. Strong, to be First Lieutenant, January 25, lc61, vice Sill, resigned. Brevet Second Lieutenant Thomas G. Baylor, to be Second Lieu- tenant, January 25, 1861, vice Strong, promoted.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 Was the Utah War a Buchanan Blunder?
    Page 1 Was the Utah War a Buchanan Blunder? May 30, 2012 Was the Utah War a Buchanan Blunder? Page 2 When James Buchanan was inaugurated as the Fifteenth President of the United States, a great party was held on March 5, 1857, the largest gala were held in Washington D.C. that had been held in years. The weather was beautiful and there was twice as many people as had attended President Pierce’s inauguration. Mr. Buchanan press secretary (his nephew) James Buchanan Henry, described the inauguration celebration as, “The Inauguration Ceremonies, the ball, and the fine reception at the White House, by the new President, were very widely attended and successful. It happened that they took place during a short era of good feeling among all shades of politics and party, but unhappily an era of peace destined to soon end in bitter discord over the Leacompton Constitution or the Kansas question, and by the more disastrous following appeal to the passions of the two great sections of the North and the South which so nearly ended the Administration in blood.”1 It was recorded that 50,000 people witnessed the inauguration ceremony and that 15,000 tickets had been sold for the Inaugural Ball. It was estimated that 150,000 people lined the street for the procession.2 The inauguration of President Buchanan was a great success. He started his Presidency on top of the world. Today President Buchanan is on almost every list of Worst Presidents ever. Most of the time he is named at the bottom or in the bottom two worst Presidents ever to have served.
    [Show full text]
  • VOL. 1873 Fourth Annual Reunion of the Association of the Graduates of the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New Yo
    FOURTH ANNUAL REUNION OF THE OF THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY, AT WEST SOIVT, JNEW YO(K, JUNE 1, 1873. NEW YORK: D. VAN NOSTRAND, PUBLISHER, 23 MURRAY AND 27 WARREN STREET. 1873. ANNUAL REUNION JUNE 12, 1873. MINUTES OF THE BUSINESS MEETING. WEST POINT, N. Y., June 12th, 1873. The Association met in the Chapel of the United States Military Academy, and was called to order by Judge R. P. Parrott, Class of 1824, Chairman of the Executive Committee. Prayer was offered by the Rev. C. C. Parsons, Class of 1861 (June). The roll of the Members of the Association was then called by the Secretary. ROLL OF MEMBERS. Those present are indicated by a *, and those deceased in italics. Class. Class. 1808 Sylvanus Thayer. (Dennis H. Mahan. 1824 \ *ROBERT P. PARROTT. *SIMON WILLARD. (JOHN M. FESSENDEN. James Munroe. 1815 THOMAS J. LESLIE. 1825 N. SAYRE HARRIS. CHARLES DAVIES. *WILLIAM H. C. BARTLETT. Horace Webster. *SAMUEL P. HEINTZELMAN. 1818 HARVEY BROWN. 1826 AUGUSTUS J. PLEASONTON. Hacrtman Bache. *NATHANIELX C. MACRAE. EDWIN B. BABBIT. EDWARD D. MANSFIELD. l *SILAS CASEY. HENRY BREWERTON. 1819 HENRY A. THOMPSON. ALEXANDER J. CENTER. *DANIEL TYLER. 1827 NATHANIEL J. EATON. WILLIAM H. SWIFT. Abraham Van Buren. 1820 RAWLINS LOWNDES. *ALBERT E. CHURCH. 1828 GUSTAVE S. ROUSSEAU. 1821 *SETH M. CAPRON. CRAFTS J. WRIGHT. *WILLIAM C. YOUNG. f CATH. P. BUCKINGHAM. David H. Vinton. SIDNEY BURBANK. 18 *BENJAMIN H. WRIGHT. WILLIAM HOFFMAN. DAVID HUNTER. THOMAS SWORDS. 1829 ALBEMARLE CADY. GEORGE S. GREENE. *THOMAS A. DAVIES. *HANNIBAL DAY. *CALEB C. SIBLEY. 8 GEORGE H. CROSMAN. JAMES CLARK.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMP FLOYD in RETROSPECT by Don Richard Mathis a Thesis
    CAMP FLOYD IN RETROSPECT by Don Richard Mathis A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of History University of Utah June 1959 This Thesis for the Master's Degree by Don Richard Mathis has been approved by Ch&frman, Supervisory Committee Reader, Supervisory Committee Head} Major Department Dean, Gradua/te Sc#6ol ~J~ PREFACE During the period of United States History typified by the westward movement, military posts were established along the main routes of travel for the principal purpose of providing protection to those hardy souls who looked to the setting sun for a better way of life. There was at least one exception to this practice, however, and it is the topic of this thesis. \he author has an abiding interest in military move­ ments in the West and a desire to learn more of the contribu­ tion made to America by dusty cavalrymen and footsore infantry men. This study of Camp Floyd, Utah Territory, grew out of this interest, which bordered at times on obsession. Though Camp Floyd was typical of western outposts in many respects, it was still unique in the purpose of its establishment— to quell the reported rebellion of subjects of the United States. An attempt has been made in this work to capture the excitement and romance experienced by the frontier soldiers stationed at Camp Floyd, as well as to discuss their several contributions to the development of the West. Appreciation is expressed to the many people and insti tutions who aided the author in preparing this work; to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Opelousas Courier (Opelousas, La.) 1858-01-30 [P ]
    PUBLIC EDUCATION. GO V ERNORS OF Tille STATES. Public Sal SHYATT & CO,'S VARIETIES, A press of other matter has prevented us Alabama. ... .Andrew B. Moor. STATE OF LOUISIANA. BOARn oF POLICE, Opelousas, 1 By the undersigned, Public Auctioneer, THREE COMPANIES COMBINED. from noticing the report of Dc. Bar , which Arkansas ...Elia N. Conway: January 30th, 1858. in andfor the Parish of St. Landry. Yanlkee Seamons Drani!e he had the kindness ' Fiangois C. Devilliers, ) District Cow: t, a Company. o transmit us in ad- Califoraia. .JoIn B. Weller. vs. Pat ish of-St. Landry, 1IIE rice of Fresh Flour being $6 00 L1HIEpublic are hereby informed that vance of its official publication'. It is rather Co ir.e:ticut. .Alexander H. Holley. Jacques Agnaud. ) No. 7877. in the, New Orleans Market, Bakers "_ there will be sold,,at public sale, to the Tim volumnious, but an .able' and well written Delaware. .Peter F. Clausey. Alexander Roy, Adm., District Court, are required to give 27 ounces-of bread for last and highest bidder, by the undersigned Woodrffi's Minstrcls, document. -The. report declares that the Florida .. .. M. S. Perry. vs. Parish of St. Landry, ten cents, thirken and ahalf ounces for half anuctioneer, before the Court House door, in I,RANK ROBINSON'S PANTOIII1 PTUtLIqRID F.VRY SATURDAY MORNINi BY glaring defects pointed outa year `ago still Georgia. .Joseph E. Brown. Jacques Arnaud, Adm., No. 7586. a dizie, du•rinext week. .: the Town of Opelousaton AND BALLET TRiOUppE JOEL H. SANDOZ & ANDREW MEYNIER. pervade the piblic school system, through- -Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Relations in Utah During the Civil War
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Faculty Publications 2012 Indian Relations in Utah during the Civil War Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D. Brigham Young University - Utah, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Alford, Kenneth L. Ph.D., "Indian Relations in Utah during the Civil War" (2012). Faculty Publications. 1702. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1702 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Washakie (1804?–1900) served as a Shoshone chief in the Utah–Wyoming–Idaho area for sixty years. Noted for his friendliness to whites, he considered Brigham Young, James Bridger, and General Albert Sidney Johnston as his friends. He was given a U.S. military funeral when he was buried at Fort Washakie, near Lander, Wyoming. (Utah State Historical Society) CHAPTER 12 Kenneth L. Alford INDIAN RELATIONS IN UTAH DURING THE CIVIL WAR ative Americans1 played a small, but history of the United States. Settlers arrived; Ninteresting, role during the Civil War. Indians were displaced. In Utah Territory it During the first year of the war, the U.S. happened quickly. From the arrival of the secretary of the interior reported that “our first Mormon pioneers, it was just over thirty Indian affairs are in a very unsettled and years until the last Indians were removed to unsatisfactory condition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Confederate Defense of Mobile, 1861-1865. (Volume I and Volume Ii)
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1980 The onfedeC rate Defense of Mobile, 1861-1865. (Volumes I-Ii). Arthur William Bergeron Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Bergeron, Arthur William Jr, "The onfeC derate Defense of Mobile, 1861-1865. (Volumes I-Ii)." (1980). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3511. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3511 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloody Lane Trail
    Bloody Lane Trail Attack and Defense of the Sunken Road 1 Introduction The Bloody Lane Trail begins at the positioned on the eastern side of the New York State Monument and Antietam Creek where they awaited ends near the cannon behind the orders to advance to the battlefield. visitor center. The trail is 1.5 miles At 7:20 a.m. Union Commander long and should take approximately Gen. George McClellan directed sixty to ninety minutes to hike. Gen. Edwin Sumner, commander of the 2nd Corps, to move his three As dawn broke on September 17, divisions of 15,000 soldiers across 1862, the Union 2nd Corps was the Antietam. 2 Gen. John Sedgwick, commanding terrain, French spotted a thin the first division of over 5,000 line of Confederate infantry and men, waded the creek at the a few battle flags off to the south Pry Mill Ford. General Sumner and moved to engage them. 2 personally led them toward the Approximately one hour later West Woods attempting to crush the third division of the 2nd the Confederate left flank. 1 Corps, commanded by Gen. Israel Sedgwick's Division was routed Richardson 3, moved to support within twenty minutes when French and both divisions engaged Confederates counterattacked Gen. D. H. Hill's Confederate forces into their flank, inflicting 2,200 posted in the Sunken Road. causalities. After more than three hours of The next division to reach the appalling combat, 5,500 men were field, commanded by Gen. killed or wounded. The Sunken William French, was about thirty Road was forever after known as the minutes behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Utah's Role in Protecting the Mormon Trail During the Civil
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 2015 Utah’s Role in Protecting the Mormon Trail during the Civil War Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D. Brigham Young University - Utah, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Original Publication Citation Kenneth L. Alford, “Utah’s Role in Protecting the Mormon Trail during the Civil War” in Far Away in the West: Reflections on the Mormon Pioneer Trail, Scott .C Esplin, Richard E. Bennett, Susan E. Black, and Craig K. Manscill, eds. (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, 2015), 205–230. BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Alford, Kenneth L. Ph.D., "Utah’s Role in Protecting the Mormon Trail during the Civil War" (2015). All Faculty Publications. 1951. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1951 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 9 UTAH’S ROLE IN PROTECTING THE MORMON TRAIL DURING THE CIVIL WAR Kenneth L. Alford he various overland trails—the Mormon Trail, Oregon Trail, TSanta Fe Trail, and California Trail, for example—were used by hundreds of thousands of pioneers to emigrate west, and they figure prominently in American history. Stories from the mid-nineteenth- century Latter-day Saint hegira to the West are important in Mormon memory and folklore. Pioneer exploits and experiences—recorded by Brigham Young’s 1847 vanguard company, the ten pioneer compa- nies that immediately followed, and the handcart companies of the 1850s—are generally well known to Latter-day Saints.
    [Show full text]