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IUPAC PO 13757, Research Triangle Park, NC IUPAC Acknowledgments: We thank Prof. D. Brynn Hibbert (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia), Prof. Robert Loss (Curtin University, Perth, Australia), Prof. Eva Åkesson (Vice-Chancellor, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden), Ms. Jena Ashworth (U.S. Geological Survey volunteer), Mrs. Jennifer Lorenz (U.S. Geological Survey), Ms. Sarah Dade (U.S. Geological Survey), Ms. Miranda Marvel (U.S. Geological Survey), and Ms. Becca Fielding (U.S. Geological Survey volunteer) for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. IUPAC project 2007-038-3-200 contributed to this Technical Report. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. References 1. N. E. Holden, T. B. Coplen, J. K. Böhlke, M. E. Wieser, G. Singleton, T. Walczyk, S. Yoneda, P. G. Mahaffy, L. V. 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