Baseline Survey of Minority Concentrated Districts

Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development: Guwahati

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CONTENTS

BACKGROUND...... 7 METHODOLOGY...... 8 TOOLS USED ...... 9 A BRIEF PROFILE OF CHANGLANG ...... 10

2.1 AREA AND LOCATION 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION 2.3 RESOURCE BASE 2.3.1 Population ...... 11 2.3.2 Sex ratio ...... 12 2.3.3 Literacy Rate ...... 12 2.3.4 Workforce ...... 12 2.3.5 Education and Health ...... 13 2.3.6 Human Development Index ...... 13 2.4 NATURAL RESOURCE BASE 2.4.1 Land, its quality and used ...... 14 2.4.2 Forestry ...... 14 2.5 ECONOMY 2.5.1 Handloom and Handicraft ...... 15 2.5.2 Livestock and Poultry ...... 15 2.5.3 Sericulture ...... 15 2.6 INFRASTRUCTURE 2.6.1 Transport and Telecommunication ...... 16 2.6.2 Electricity ...... 17 2.6.3 Banking ...... 17 2.6.4 Health and Educational Establishment ...... 17 2.7 BASIC AMENITIES PROFILE OF THE SAMPLE VILLAGES ...... 19

3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 3.2 SEX RATIO 3.3 LITERACY RATE 3.4 FACILITIES 3.4.1 Electricity ...... 19 3.4.2 Drinking Water ...... 20 3.4.3 Toilet Facility ...... 20 3.4.4 Education ...... 21 3.4.5 Health Facilities ...... 21 3.4.6 Other Facilities ...... 21 3.5 VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS 3.6 CROP PRODUCTIVITY STATUS 3.7 INPUT STATUS FOR CULTIVATION 3.7.1 Current Inputs ...... 23 3.7.2 Capital Inputs ...... 23 3.8 HANDICRAFT 3.9 CREDIT 3.9.1 Purpose for availing Credit ...... 23 3.10 MIGRATION , EMPLOYMENT AND WAGE INCOME EARNING 3.11 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND BENEFICIARIES ASSISTED

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3.11.1 Sponsored Programmes ...... 25 3.11.2 Old Age Pension & Widow Pension ...... 26 3.12 PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 3.13 COMMON PROPERTY UTILIZATION PATTERN 3.14 DEVELOPMENT REALIZATIONS 3.15 SUMMARY RESULT OF THE BASELINE SURVEY...... 28

4.1 RELIGIOUS AND CASTE COMPOSITION 4.2 MOTHER TONGUE 4.3 SEX AND AGE 4.4 HOUSEHOLD SIZE 4.5 MARITAL STATUS 4.6 EDUCATIONAL STATUS 4.7 OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT 4.7.1 Occupation and Industry ...... 30 4.7.2 Self-Employment Scenario ...... 31 4.7.3 Additional Employment and Preference ...... 31 4.7.4 Migrant Workers ...... 32 4.8 LAND AND OTHER ASSETS 4.8.1 Cultivated Land: Ownership and Operational Holding ...... 32 4.9 LIVESTOCK 4.10 OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE AND OTHER ASSETS 4.10.1 Agricultural Implements ...... 33 4.10.2 Financial Assets ...... 33 4.11 HOUSING STATUS 4.11.1 House type and availability of living space ...... 34 4.11.2 Domestic lighting and fuel use ...... 34 4.11.3 Drinking water facilities ...... 35 4.11.4 Sanitation and Drainage Facility ...... 35 4.12 INDEBTEDNESS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS 4.13 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE 4.14 CURRENT EDUCATIONAL STATUS , SKILL AND TRAINING 4.15 PRESENT HEALTH SCENARIO 4.16 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 4.16.1 Immunization of Children below 5 Years ...... 39 4.16.2 Delivery Care ...... 39 4.17 POOR AND THE PDS SUPPORT 4.18.1 Awareness about Government Schemes ...... 41 4.18.2 Participation in the Socio-political Affairs ...... 41 4.18.3 Conflict, Insecurity and Access to Media and Communication ...... 41 4.19 ASPIRATIONS DEVELOPMENT DEFICITS...... 43 LIST OF SURVEYED VILLAGES…………………………………………………………....45

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LIST OF TABLES

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PART I

BACKGROUND

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METHODOLOGY

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TOOLS USED

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PART II

A BRIEF PROFILE OF CHANGLANG 2.1 Area and Location 2.2 Administrative Division

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Table 2.1: Administrative Setup of Division/Sub-Division Name Block Name Circle Name Changlang Miao 2.3 Resource Base 2.3.1 Population

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Table 2.2: Religious distribution of population in Changlang district

Religious compositions Persons Percentage 2.3.2 Sex ratio

Table 2.3: Sex- ratio by major religious groups in Changlang district All Religion Hindu Muslim Christian Buddhist Others 2.3.3 Literacy Rate

2.3.4 Workforce

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Table 2.4: Workforce Participation Rate in Changlang District by Sex and Place of Residence

Category Person Male Female

Source: Census of , 2001

2.3.5 Education and Health

2.3.6 Human Development Index

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2.4 Natural Resource Base

2.4.1 Land, its quality and used

Table 2.5: Land Utilization pattern in Changlang district (2000-01) Source: Statistical Abstract of , 2006. 2.4.2 Forestry

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Table 2.6: Quantity & value of major forest products in Changlang during 2005-06 Timber Fire wood (cum.) Cane (Kaps) Bamboo (No.) (cum.) 2.5 Economy 2.5.1 Handloom and Handicraft 2.5.2 Livestock and Poultry 2.5.3 Sericulture

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Table 2.7: Status of sericulture in Changlang district Variety Yield of Production of raw silk Village rearers Area brought cocoons (in kg)/ silk clothe (in (in No.) under food (in Kg) Metre) plants (in acre) Source: www.databank.nedfi.com

2.6 Infrastructure 2.6.1 Transport and Telecommunication Table 2.8: Road length by type in Changlang district as on 31-03-2006 Roads under National District road Total Highway Black Water bound Graveled Un- length of Topped macadam surfaced roads Source: Statistical Abstract of Arunachal Pradesh, 2006.

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2.6.2 Electricity

2.6.3 Banking 2.6.4 Health and Educational Establishment 2.7 Basic Amenities

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Table 2.9: Distribution of amenities in inhabited villages of Changlang district Amenities Numbers (Percentage) ■

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PART III

PROFILE OF THE SAMPLE VILLAGES

3.1 Demographic Profile

3.2 Sex Ratio

3.3 Literacy Rate

3.4 Facilities

3.4.1 Electricity

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Table 3.1 Average Hours of Electricity Available per day in Sample Villages

3.4.2 Drinking Water

3.4.3 Toilet Facility

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3.4.4 Education 3.4.5 Health Facilities 3.4.6 Other Facilities

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pucca semi-pucca. district . 3.5 Village Organizations

3.6 Crop Productivity Status

Table 3.2 Crop Productivity Status

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3.7 Input Status for Cultivation

3.7.1 Current Inputs

3.7.2 Capital Inputs

3.8 Handicraft

3.9 Credit

3.9.1 Purpose for availing Credit

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Table 3.3 Purpose for Availing Credit

Sources of Credit

Table 3.4 Sources of Credit

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3.10 Migration, Employment and Wage Income Earning

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Table 3.5 Average wage income by kind of works

3.11 Rural Development Programmes and Beneficiaries Assisted 3.11.1 Sponsored Programmes

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3.11.2 Old Age Pension & Widow Pension

Table 3.6 Pension Beneficiaries

3.12 Public Distribution System

Table 3.7 Scheme-wise Beneficiaries under PDS

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3.13 Common Property Utilization Pattern

3.14 Development Realizations

3.15 Summary

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PART IV

RESULT OF THE BASELINE SURVEY 4.1 Religious and Caste Composition 4.2 Mother Tongue 4.3 Sex and Age

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4.4 Household Size 4.5 Marital Status 4.6 Educational Status

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4.7 Occupation and Employment 4.7.1 Occupation and Industry

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4.7.2 Self-Employment Scenario 4.7.3 Additional Employment and Preference

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4.7.4 Migrant Workers

4.8 Land and other Assets 4.8.1 Cultivated Land: Ownership and Operational Holding

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4.9 Livestock 4.10 Ownership of Productive and other Assets 4.10.1 Agricultural Implements 4.10.2 Financial Assets

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4.11 Housing Status 4.11.1 House type and availability of living space

4.11.2 Domestic lighting and fuel use

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4.11.3 Drinking water facilities 4.11.4 Sanitation and Drainage Facility 4.12 Indebtedness of Rural Households

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4.13 Income and Expenditure

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4.14 Current Educational Status, Skill and Training

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4.15 Present Health Scenario

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4.16 Maternal and Child health

4.16.1 Immunization of Children below 5 Years

4.16.2 Delivery Care

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4.17 Poor and the PDS Support

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4.18.1 Awareness about Government Schemes

4.18.2 Participation in the Socio-political Affairs 4.18.3 Conflict, Insecurity and Access to Media and Communication

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4.19 Aspirations

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PART V

DEVELOPMENT DEFICITS

Developmental deficits in the district and their priority ranking

Sl. Indicators Survey Estimate Deficit Priority No Result for Ranking India attached Socio-economic indicators Basic amenities indicators Health indicators

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LIST OF SURVEYED VILLAGES Sl. No. VILLAGE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

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