. C1tTHOLIC WORKER
8ubecr1ption1 Yol. xxxm No. 10 SEPTEMBER, 1967 25c Per Vear Price I•
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THE CATHOLIC WORKER September~ 1967 VoL XXXIll Ne. 10 leptember, 1967 Men of the Fields on the .CmiOl.ICrttb.~ Pwbllshed Monthly September to June, Bl-monthly JuJy-Aur... Pavements of New York OltGAN ~I' THE CATHOLIC WORIEB MOVEMENT PETER MAURIN, t'ounder . By JACK COOK on these issues because agriculture proach makes fi tore -owners uncom . DOROTHY DAY, Editor and Publisher "I think when you come out of enjoys a special exemption from fortabJe, accustomed as they are MARTIN J. CORBIN, Managing Editor a house and step on the bare earth federal labor laws." to the hall-there-good-fellow smile. AHociate Editor•: among the fields you're the same On July 23 an all-day general the knowing wink. and the moist. CHAUES BUTTERWORTH , JACK COOK, RITA CORBIN !Artl, NICOLE man you were when you were in- meeting and picnic of Giumarra uncalloused band. tl'ENTREMONT, EDGAR FORAND, ROBERT GILLIAM, JUDITH GREGORY, side the house. But when you step workers wu held. Over 1,000 at PahJo AquiJar, the youngest of THOMAS S. HOEY, WILLIAM HORVATH, MARJORIE C. HUGHES, out on pavements, you're someone tended. They voted unanimously the group at 26, is m11rried and CHRISTOPHER S. KEARNS, WALTER KERELL, PHIL MALONEY, KARL MEYEk, else. You can feel your face to strike. No r esponse being forth has three children. He was a crew DEANE MOWRER, HELEN C. RILEY, PAT RUSK, ARTHUR SHEEHAN, ANNE change." coming from the company, the leader for Giumarra before the TAILLEFER, EDWARD TURNER, STANLEY VISHNEWSKI , JAMES E. WILSON. So wrote Henry Roth (Call It workers went out on August 3. strike began; in that capacity he New subscription• and change of addreu: Sleep, Cooper Squar e Publishers, Within four days, the company was earned $40 a day. Now he earns 175 Chryatie St., New York, .N. Y. 10002 Inc., 1934) !n praise of peasants. down from 1,200 workers to about $5 a week and his food. He is a Telephone OR 4-9812 Editorial communications to: Box 33 Tivoli, N. Y. 12583 Such praise is due, also, to the six 50. Then, the scabs. And the same very large man and he frequently farm workers from Delano, Calif., old story. eats , both at their apartment and Subscription United States. 2Sc Yearly. Canada and Foreign 30c Yurly who, here, pn the pavements of With • New Twist later at the Worker. His ense of Bubscrlptlon rate of one cent per copy plus postage applies to bundles of one humor is as large as he is: wi th tiundred or more copies each month for one year to be directed to on. addrea. New York are organizing a con- The twist beini that six Jru!n sumer boycott against Giumarra of the fields are sent by Cesar his cupped hand held out and his 10. 1939, Post Oftiee pr<>ducts. Chavez to persuade six m illion high-pitched nasal voice, he mim Reentered as second class matter August at the 0 o1 New York, N. Y., Under the Act of Marcb ll, 1871 Their faces have not changed. men of the pavements to an un· ics, "Just a nick.Je to start me off.' But the faces to which they ad- selfish acl "Don't buy Giumarra Either his size or the tone of his ...... ,. dress themselves-fruit store· own- grapes. They are scab grapes." voice ofiended one broker at the ers, brokers, buyers of all sorts That was all that need be said. Hunts Point Ter minal Market, -have changed. The consternation The changed and the un!!hanged where we were picketing one day, apparent in their expressions at faces.- or better, the chained and and a brief scuffle occurred. They the sight of these men and their the unchained, confr ont each wanted him to leave the platform· ON PILGR.IMAG~ humble plea betrays them. - other. instead, all our pickets, some tw~ The story of six farm workers On August 31: three Philip- dozen in number, converged there. B7 DOROTHY DAY in New York is not a sensational pinos, three Mexicans in Delano. The broker ~d after a little one. Nd fireworks' here. No report- Th d d th · ht 1 te while not to pur chase any more If I don't wake up ear ly enough of Lee Harvey Oswald, the torture ree ays an ree mg s a r, ers with TV equipment followed h · 1 t i th f onl scab grapes in the future. to have a spiritual reading before. of prisoners in Vietnam, the death avmg 5 ep n e car or Y them around. Unlike the Mont- short periods, they arrived in New Bernardo Garcia,_ also, w11s one rising to face the day, I feel cheated of our own soldiers--horror up1m gomery boycott, no busloads of of over a thousand Giumarra la of a sustenance I badly need, con- horror, until the mind and soul college enthusiasts, no cadres oI York, where none had been be borers, who came out of the fi elds sidering the crowded days of con- are blunted, sated with blood, fore. Their contact. Jim Drake (an radical organizers converged here East Coast assistant to Chavez:) on August 3 to join La Baeu. He ferences and ·visitors all summer in blood which cries out to heaven. in Manhattan. The work rests in could not be reached. They knew does most of the cooking for the both country and city. This morning Indeed Jesus is in agony until the the hands of six men and ii car- no one else. Two more nights spent group; it was amusing to see him my reading was again from Father end of the world. ried out in almost utter silence. in the car. Drake, who had not roll tortillas with an empty ale Ernesto Balducci's book, "John- Juliana of Norwich said, and it Giumarra n. the Union expected them so soon, put them bottle, a remnant of their first the Transitional Pope" published is for our comfort, "the worst baa They left Delano on August 31st, up in the YMCA and they went to night ln the apartment with three by McGraw-Hill in 1964 ana. a real already happened and been reme- less than a month after the strike work. Then he sought out Dorothy of our Catholic Worker staJf treasure. I have quoted from him died." The worst being the Fall, by the United Farm Worker.s Or- Day, for the men needed an apart guests. before, and I bave special esteem and the remedy ls still with us, ganiZing Committee against Giu- ment. Under Dorothy's direction. The Work for Father Balducci because he is "the same yesterday and today and one of the Kenmare bug-infested The strategy of the boycott was a conscientious objector to war, forever." Even today, there are apar tments was thoroughly cleaned deceptively simple. The six men and has suffered for it as the late ,samplings of heaven, in love ex- by a group of young volunteers, wer e to reach by direct confron · Father Lorenzo Milani did. The pressed, in peace maintained. "All including Kevin and Sheila Mur- tation 700-800 individual retail quotation from Pope John he cites the way to heaven is heaven, be- phy from the Detroit catholic fruit and grocery stores, large or on page 127 is this: cause He said, 'I am the .Way.'" Worker, who were here for their small, in Manhattan. If a majority "The love of truth. On the day of (All the way to hell can be hell first experience of Chrystie Street. of these buyers cooperated, then my episcopal consecration the too.) . Our Lady of Guadalupe and pos- they would have not only pread Church gave 'me a particular man- Work is the great healer, tbe ters depictini the farm worker the wor d, but made the brokers in date concerning it: 'Let him [the great remedy for many tlls. Right painted by Tina de Aragon now the large mar kets and auctions bishop] choose humility and truth now as I write, in the midst of the hang on the walls, and the ar oma aware, before they were approacil and never forsake them for any Friday hubbub of trucks with of tortillas and beans invades the ed, that these men wer e :i t work flattery or threats. Let him not horns blaring, 2ears shiftini at hallways. and they meant business. The first considel' light to be darkness, or each light, the grindipg up of the In our heavily Italian neighbor- five days were spent, then, in walk darkness light; let him not call evil refuse of the city In sanitation hood, these aromas are distinctive; ing the pavements of Ma nhattan, good, or good evil. Let him learn trucks, the shriek of sirens, there and on the streets of Manhatt:m from 180th Street south to South from wise men and fools so that is a labor of love going on. Two six fa rm workers are distinctive Ferry and the tip of the island, on he may profit from all';, young men and two young women also. They move differently. Per- all the avenues; then east and west These powerful words are used are engaged in thoroughly clean- haps I am simply conscious of on all the streets. Imagine the ill the consecration of bishops, and ing and "de-bug~ing " one of the their- moving for a purpose, for number of grocery stores these I think of them now as I rejoice in ap~rtments of this house of hospi- an end other than themselvo?s. ment enter ed; the number of man the fact that six or seven Catholic tality on Kenmare Street, where They are unlike the others. agers encoun tered; and the unva bishops have come out against the we will continue to live for two or Julian Balidoy at 55 ls ln charge, r ying r esponses. Basically, there Vietnam w.ar. That the latest one three months more, until the as he has been in other cities on were three responses: honest con to do so is Archbishop James Davis, house on First Street is renovated. the West Coast, leading boycotts cern and cooperation; active disin ·New MeXI·co remm· ds There ar. e three apartments on the marra began. They are only one d 'ck t . L An le Sol' terest and non-cooperation; feigned Of Santa Fe ' • d fl among many teams of workers, an Pl e s m os ge s, 1- me of that ·great book of Willa sec~: f oorh one on the third, one carrying on the boycott in cities dad, and elsewhere. He was with concern and dishonest cooperation. Cather, " Death Comes for the on e ourt • and one on the fifth, all over the country. A consumer the strike from the very beginning To ·the first they expressed their Archbishop" which is about the -two apartments for men and boycott is the only way to bring over two years ago. His sons, one appreciation; t o the second, they- fil'St Bishop f of Santa Fe and a ~our for women. A cons.tant check Giumarra to the bargaining table. of whom recently returned from will send pickets; to the third, most beautiful story of the period iso needed to keep them _livable, and Giumarra is composed of two Viet Nam, do not understaad why once they are found out, they will and surroundings. Y ung men do not liked to be. corporations and a partnership- he devotes his time and energy to send pickets. checked, nor are they orderly. the strike and foregoes all his for- And the six farm workers are no September 8 There are 25 apartments altogether all controlled by one family. Some mer pleasures and pastimes. "I longer alone. Six of our staff joined Birthday of .the Blessed Virgin. in the ho .. ~~. The tenants are 19 square miles spread over 75 ~ ·1 · th s J · v ll tried to get them to join us," he them on the pavements; both the Twenty-two years aiO today a mostly Chinese or Italians and nu es lD e an oaqum a ey · ·1g · produce mainly grapes, potatoes, says; "but they are young yet and strike and the boycott are sanc dozen or so of us made a p1 rim- some of the apartments are visions d tt A d. t do not know what it ls." I have tioned by the National AFL-CIO, age of penance to the shrine of of comfort, because these are fue P1 ~m~ an co on... ccor rng 0 a seen owners of fruit stores or the New York City Regional Office Mother Cabrini, walking from 115 kind of tenants who have lived spokesman, The three_ brokers try to ignore him, or dis um~n 25 c~m- oI the AFL-CIO, and the Western Mott St., where the Catholic Work- here in what I call our Italian vil-- !"ames. are over $ million, miss him, after he had quietly tol<1 Conference of Teamsters. P aul ' . . mcludmg a w~rthwmery and large blocks er House of Hospitality was then lage, f~r thirty y~ars or mor~. Tl1e of stock in the Bank of America. them what the strike was about, Sanchez, or ganizer of t he New located. We walked from Canal h~use JS well built b~t slanting, a According to the Congressional and he would not move though York City Taxi Driver's Union, now ,works full time with the boy Street alone Bri!.adway to 208th. bit sunk or bse~ltled dsmce tthhe sT~b- Record, June 19, 1967, Giumarra they busied themselves; then, in-i Street. The Second World War w~y~ wert; ~· un e~nea · ne last year received in direct price tated, they would complain that cott and some of his men from that had just ended. The bomb had ceilings are high and it looks out support payments (excluding corp he blocked passage for customers; union were with us at the Hunts been dropped in August on Hiro- on ~o streets, ~o we have plenty loans) a quarter of a million dol- finally, realizing he meant busi· Point Terminal Mru:ket, when it shima and Nagasaki (any means to of light and arr-and plenty of lars. Giumarra also benefits by a ness, they would come over, listen came time to take the boycott' to an end!) and we have been living fumes too. . heavily subsidized irrigation pro- intently, and usually agree not to the brokers. These cab drivers in fear and in "brush fire wars" Huge trucks go by loaded w:th ject which brings water to the area purchase the scab brands anymore. were among the first to organize ever since. The war goes on in steel dru?15 of all co~rs. with .of its farms and makes pumping We were thrown out of the first for their union, were blacklisted Vietnam. If it ceased tomorrow, it steel ~astmgs of mysterious and cheaper. Giumarra reaps cash from store we approached on 2nd Ave- because oI it, and suffered as a fan~astlc shapes, and ~uge roui;id- 27% oil _depletion allowance, for nue: his only comment then, and result. "We consider it our duty," would be going on in some other bod1e.d trucki; sha~ like gasoline it holds a one-sixth interest in the later when it happened again, was one of them told us. quarter of the globe.and we, as the or milk trucks, which carry. sugar, many leased oil wells on its prop- "He needs to be pick~ted." The Hunts Point Terminal Mar .richest nation, making so much syrup, molasses and wme. .1 erties. Giumarra claims to have Nicholas Valenzuela joined Llie ket is a huge, complex system of money out · of our armaments, thoug_ht as I _watched them this each year 2,000 car loads of this strike in July of this year. He has modern bqildings located in the would be very much involved still. mornmg that if there were a de- over 8 000 acres in grapes. It ships been a working man all his life, Bronx. Produce is brought in from The causes of war are still with us: pressipn-if peace should break crop to markets throughout the and now at 58 he walks the pave all over the country by train and fear, hatred, greed, and "each man out-these trucks '~ould cease and United States." ments of Manhattan as others chop truck and unloaded all along one seeking his own." there would be quiet on Ke1UJ1are The· manaEement of Giumarra wood. Always the first to le3ve or the other sides of four Jong rec One of the early Fathers of the Street. Once in my life time, as I has refused to consent to any elec- and the last to return, he cover ed tangular buildings. Here mall and Church once wrote that if we could trave~ up an~ ~owrr the East tion among its workers, failed to much of Manhattan himself. Juan large brokers and the dozen large stand on a mountain top and see Coast. lD the Thi.rtJes, I saw dead meet with the union, ignor ed at- .Berbo and Severino Manglio, both receivers have their stalls; they all the misery and tragedy of the factoriey; wheels had stopped turn- tempts of the California state con- Philippinos, 57 and 61 years old are open at both ends: trains un world we could not survive the ing, no smoke, no !umes came from ciliation service to set up collective respectively, are short. arid stocky. load on one side, trucks on the horro~ of it. Now we have televl- stacks and ch!mneys, th~ air WllS bargaining sessions. "The. union" They seem out of place on the other. Perisha·ble fruits and vege slon and can indeed see what is clear and quiet, and bnds sang the spokesman said, " is unable to streets. Their stride is meant for tables are stored in freezers with-· happening, can witness the murder l (Continued on page 7) ' ' ' file· llnfa'ir llibor P.'r a~tice ' charges· fl.e1\ls; bot cement. Th'eiF olunt ap- (Continued on page 8) September, 1967 THE CATHOLIC WORKER . r.,. r-.. to hold him and jumped hlmself from the sun deck. In thl1 Jump A Farm With a View he injured bi1 hand badly. Finally ·Bob Gilliam Sentenced BT DEANE MARY MOWREJl the state troopera arrived and took On the eighteenth Sunday after Rev. Maurice McCrackin, Ernest him first to ~ hospital for treat Pentecost, the Feast of the Stig- Bromley, Mildred Loomis, Bol> and ment of his wound, then to a men To Two Years In Sandstone tal hospital for treatment of hit mata of St. Francis of Assisi,.. Mary Swann, Jack Cook, Hank On August 14th, Judge Earl R. operate with Selective Senice 18 Father Jude Mill came to say Mass Mayer, Ruth Reynolds, Tom Mur disordered mind. This man is a Larsoni presldini in Minneapolis to support war. I wish instead to for us in our chapel. During the ray, Brad Lyttle, Dorothy Day, good man who needs help. If some Federa Court, sentenced Robert make clear DlJ' total rejection of past three years-almost since our Marty Corbin, and Charles Butter of the money now being wasted on Gilliam, associate editor of the war and to withdraw my support in arrival in Tivoli-Father Jude has worth. war were spent on research into Cathollo Worker, to two years 1n eyery possible way" • • • Reverend come often to visit and say Mass Since many of our own Catholic -such mental disorders, there prison for refusing induction into Mau.rice Mccrackin [the Cincinnati here. Always his Masses are beauti- Worker family came ·to attend might be more efficacious rem military service. Bob had been ar mlnlster who ii secretary. of the ful, reverent, happy, in the true Peacemaker conferences, we felt, edies. raigned 1n July, pleaded guilty to No Taxes for War Committee] Franciscan spirit. It seemed, there- I think, even more closely allied An account of a fatal accident th& charge and did not accept aay1, "That Jesus would participate fore, almost like a gift from St. with them. We also appreciated which struck down a member of cou'nsel. Th• twenty-two-year-old In or lend hb willful support te Francis that Father Jude, a true the hard work some of the Peace our community, though not here pacifist, who had been working at 'rlolence and war is to me un Franciscan, should come to say makers put in filling up the ruts in at the farm, will be found in this our Chrystie Street House of Hos thinkable. Therefore If I am loyal Mas on this special feast of St. our road. The good whole wheat Issue in Dorothy Day's obituary of pitality since his graduation from to him I will oppose war and the spirit that makes for war to the Francis. bread baked by Ross Anderson and Hugh Madden. Hugh, who wlll be St. Mary'1 College, in Winona, where he majored in theology, said limit of my ability." You don't As Mas$ began, the fog bell still the cakes made by Ruth Dodd were remembered by many for bis par enjoyed by us all. in his statement·to the court: "The have to extend much beyond the tolled on the river; but it was a ticipatio!l in numerous peace state wants my body to make war. actual words of Jesus to see that a mild and beautiful September For many of us one of the most vigils, for his colorful, unconven memorable events of the Peace I am here today because I have Clbristian cannot support war. It morning, with late summer reach tional garb, and for his ascetical seems me that a Christian is makers' sojourn here occurred refused it. I have refused to co to ing out a w~lcoming hand to glor religious practices, was killed ln called to Joye all his brothers, in when Joe Alderham (Rita Corbin's operate with Selective Service be lou autumn, waiting behind a Virginia while riding a bicycle on discriminately, a11 Jesus loved; brother) came to give a concert to cause conscription is a war institu h: curtain of color just beyond the bis annual pilgrimage to the tion." is called to sene, to return cood· equinoctial line. Shortly alter us and the Peacemakers. Joe, who shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe for evil, to be a peacemaker, and has a beautiful voice, trained for In imposing sentence, .Judge M the warm, apple-ripening in Mexico. Most of us from the to have faith in love as the fCJrce the concert stage, sang songs from Larson, former head of the Ameri September sun burned away the farm attended bis funeral at St. which conquers. Handel, Schubert, Schumann, Mo can Civil Liberties Union in his mist. &>me of those attending the Sylvia's in Tivoli. Bequlescat In state, explained that he appre A few days after the sentencing War Resi ters League peace dis zart, Samuel Barber, and some we received a letter from Boll's lighter numbers including "If I pace. ciated Bob's excellent scholastic cus ion weekend (many had shared record and his worlc as a CW fiancee, Jennie Orvino, who is ..it 011r Ma s wi.th us) now took to the We.re King of Ireland." The con- Yet we have had our share of tending the College of St. Teresa swimming pool; others found a eluding· number was a moving and and hopes to visit Bob once a shady spot for a morning discus dramatic rendition of the serenade month when he js transferred t<> sion. There seemed a glad excite from The Student Prince, which Sandstone Federal Penitentiary meot in the voices of our Catholic Joe dedicated to his mother, who and continue writing and organ Worker children - Dorothy, had sung the song to him when izing for peace in Winona. Maggie, and Sally Corbin and he was a child. The splendid ac "I think you would have been J ohnny. Hughes-happy to be at companiment of John Harris was pleased," she writes, "if you had home after the fir t week of school. appreciated both by the singer heard and seen Grenada Films Little Tommy Cornell, two, ran and the audience. Later that same here making the documen,tary on after the elusive Sally,' five, calling evening Mr. Cantori, the talented draft- refusal. One morning they "Salary, Salary." Monica Cornell flutist who has played for us on filmed us walking through a .field near Bob's family house in Gil placed the carriage of the new several occasions, delighted us again with some fine flute perform more Valley, and then talked with baby, Deirdre, just five weeks, in us for almosJ: fifteen minutes of a plea1!ant spot. Tom Cornell, the ances. All in all, it was an evening to remember. clear and firm "demands. of the father of the family, leader of the Gospel" dialogue: why he didn't Catholic Peace Fel1owship, a for Another event, which delighted both Catholic Workers and Peace choose to take conscientio11s mer editor of the Catholic Worker, objector status, why he would re makers, was Larry Evers' famous went off to discuss with the War fuse to pa9 taxes, what he planned Resisters. clown act. Wearing an elaborate, to do after prison. The people at Thinking of the mild September even spectacular, costume, Larry Grenada seem interested in speak day, and of the fruitfulness of held us all spellbound. This was ing Bob's choice to England and John Filligar's garden, which ltad the same act Larry has put on free other countries in Europe. (This transformed our daily meals into for children in hospitals through show, The World in ·Action, is the out this country an·d in many feasts of taste-d~light, and of the third most popular show in near approach of Autumn's others, including Japan. Needless Britain.) The loss of privacy and dappled beauty, I recalled the to say, it was not always the chil the tension of the last week familiar lines of Keats (that poet dren who laughed the loudest. seemed to be worth having- such whose sense were so re.ceptive to Another group, which spent a an audience. In the hall of the the b autifull: "Season of mists week holding conferences here courtroom, won over either by us and mellow fruitfulne si'Close was the National Confederation of or the passion of the moment and bosomed friend of the maturing Catholic College Students. A'l the demonstration of suport, the sun." But as I meditated, I heard though their discussions were pri cameraman and the sound man the persistent, almost feverish vate, since they- were concerned from Grenada, having discarded their equipment, hugged me and hum of the cicadas, as though they solely with their own goals ancf kissed me and, wittr eyes slightly knew that soon, too soon, Autumn problems, we enjoyed having such a fine group of young people wet, wished me strength and luck." would place a frosty ban on all Those who are ·interested in insect melody. · about; and were grateful that the priests who accompanied them said more detailed information on Looking back over the summer, Mass lor 1,1s on several occasions. Bob's case or on alternatives to the however, I think the fruitfulness peace and pleasant country living. 1staffer. "Yet you have pleaded drait in general· should write· to: of our farm with. a view is not A dramatic and terrifying inci~ On one such occasion Kay Lyn~h. guilty," he added, "and I feel I uo dent occurred a couple of weeks John McAulift', 507 Oak Street. merely material but intellectual as Ron Gessner, Dick Galligan, Clift' have to impose a prison penalty. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota. ago when a man, who though he well Now in our fourth summer Post, and I went for an a.fternoon But I am sure you will' use your has many problems is usually r farm is truly becoming an im of apple picking at our good time well." · hard-working and helpful and has Portant conference center for friends, Vivien and Irving ~osen- About eighty frien.ds and sympa lived with us for some time, sud· berg's place near Germantown. It thizers were present in the court Texans For Peace group interested i11 working for denly went beserk and ran wildly peace. as well as groups interested was a beautiful afternoon. I sat room· for the sentencing. Among 5440 Volder Drive through the house pounding on near the tree and · imbibed the- them were a few Catholic Workers: in o~ber ideas growing out of the Fort Worth, Texas doors and yelling that the house ripe-apple fragrance of the a'ir, Dan Kelly, who worked for some ba ie CatlloHc Worker view of was on fire. Since this took place 76114 nit, calure, and ealtivatt-. Later we all enjoyed coffee, apple months at the . Chrystie Street Dear Workers: ~tween one - thirty and two pie, 8'1ld conversation with Vivien House and has since hijJlself been . Here is a $4 check for the last Among the groups holding con o'clock, many of us were asleep. ancf the children. On another after- arrested .!or refusing· induction, ferences here this summer, ·the I myself awakened with a kind of associate editor Phil Maloney, ·with two bundles. of papers. Please keep Peacema·k rs spent the most time nightmare sense that. what · 1 had noon, here at our ow~ farm, his wile Sheila and their infant them coming. .. with us, just over two weeks. Many often thought of with dread was Reginald ·Highhill, Ph'H and Laura son Max, Raona Wilson and her Several, of us are organizinit of this group are old friends (this actually happening. I arose, put picked. eight bush~ls of apples son· Nathan, who was born shortly "Americans for . Peace, Tarrant is their fhird conference here) on my shoes, found a coat, and, from one of our own trees. Wjth after her husband Jim began serv County Chapter." . Our immediate. such a plenitude or' apples, I re ing ·a three-year sentence for draft goal is withdrawal of our armed .since they have been involved for though I did not smell smoke, call the lines from Marvell's poem: many year· in the same or similar went into the hall. Then someone refusal. A number of Catholic forces from Vietnam, thereby pacifist and civil-rights demonstra told me that it was so-and-so hav- "What wondrous life is .this I lead clergymen also attended, including stopping the incalculable waste oJ -ripe apples drop about my head." Bishop James P. Shannon, of the lives and property. We would like tions as the Catholic Worker. As ing an epil~ptic seizure. The man with· the CW, their involvement continued to run about, screaming . To give a full account of the St. Paul-Minneapolis diocese, who to hear from any . of your sub has led them to commit civil dis that we had anly five minutes be- comings and goings of these past has· called for a cessation of the scribers in the Fort Worth-Dallas obedience, refuse to cooperate with fore we should go up in flames. weeks would be impos ible. Helene bombing of North Vietnam and area. the draft. accept arrest and go to Iswolsky has gone to Greensburg, immediate negotiations to end the You may be interested in a bit jail. They are high-minded, seri ~ went back to my room, but I Pennsylvania, where Seton Hall hostilities in Vietnam. Before the of news: Dr. Benjam1n Spock will ous. idealistic and I think make a was riot reassured. I feared that College=-where Helene· taught for sentencing, a dignified and ex be speaking in Dailas on Friday, real imp ct on the young people there was a fire in some part of a number of years--will c1>nfer on tremely impressive vigil was held September 29th. He is being spon outside the courtroom, in which wh() come to take part in their the house that had not been dis- 11,er an honorary degree. Helene is sored by groups all over Texas Bob's supporters wore white arm d iscussions. They are relaxed and covered. Then suddenly the man a very scholarly woman and a re (including Fort Worth), but prin- . hurled himself at my door, pound- markably dynamic teacher. bands and distributed leaflets ex cipally by Dallas. informal, and urge everyone to plaining his position in regard to participate. The subjects discussed ing and shouting that he must Among those who are close to Sincerely, save me from the fire. I was frank- our work and community who have conscription. The leaflet included R. Kenf Jon.es would make up a full spectrum of the :following excerpts from Bob's Iy terrified. Being blind, I did not visited here this summer,. are: peaceable living, and included such letter to his family and friend:i: topics as: education, sex, econom feel that I could cope with mad- Murphy Dowouis and his wife This i a hard letter to ·write. I "If once we admtt, be it onlJ' ics of peace, Poor People's Corpor ne s or with a fire. Finally, some Suzanne, Paul and Salome Mann want to try to explain to you all for a hour or in some exception.al ation, non-violence, black power, of the men pulled him away. Then and their baby, Raona Wilson with a decision I have made. I have case-that an;rtbing can be more riots. migrant workers, nutrition I learned he had wanted to save her baby, Jack Thornton, . who decided ·to discontinue cooperation important than a feelin~ of love and organic farming, communities, Alice Lawrence by trying to push helped- Gerry GritiiJJ run the with Selective Service • • • Jn mY toi: our fellows, then there is no tax refusal, non-cooperation with her downstarrs and another younl? Catholic Worker many years ago, letter to Selective Service, I said crime which we may not epm'.mit the military, pri~n exl>eriences of woman bv trying to throw her off with two of hi numerous children,. that "conscri.pUon is a war institu 11-lth easy mind!l, free from feel- . draft. refusers and of theii: wives. the sun-dPck rmrch. OnrP ':i"~;,., Father Charles. J ack En,...lish ·as tion. its- purpose is to organize 1n« of c11ilt." Speakers · included: Wally Nelson, he e,s~a~Jl;}h1>~. ~ho. ,~t~~~Jl}~· _. , .: .. :. <9,0~.~i~e~. •~n. . Pl\~e : {J> youn,r men for war makinc. To co- LEV TOLSTOr '- ' Pa1e Four THE CATHOLIC WORKER September, 196'f THE FUTURE OF ISRAEL By L F. STONE that she wasl,l't taking sides. Had aircraft. Just as Moscow and 1ecure. Thil is the third Isi::aeli the starting point of another worl4 No Journalist has · been cioser Israel been overwhelmed-so the Washington joined forces in 1956 Arab war in 20 years. In the ab war. The challenge to Israel 11 to Israelis feel-none of these "al to make the English, French and sence of a general settlement, war conquer something more bleak and to the birth of Israel than I. F. lies" would have come to her aid Israelis withdraw from Suez, so will recur at regular intrevals. The forbiddilng than even the Negev Stone, for the last 15 years editor they will now, separately' or in Arabs will thirst for revenge. The or Sinai, and that is the hearts and publisher of the· uniquely in ln time-if at all. In a showdown, for the West as well as for the concert, pressure the Israelis to Israelis will be tempted again to of her A!rab neighbors. This would dependent Washington newsletter, Russians, the main concern is give up their territorial gains wage preventive war. The Israeli be greater and more permanent I. F. Stone's Weekly. He has been Arab oil and Arab numbers. without firm guarantees from borders are so precarious, the than any military victory. Abba in Ec-ypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, their Arab neighbors. Both super- communications so easily cut, as to Eban exultantly called the sweep of Jordan and Turkey. He first The ambivalence of American policy in this Mideast crisis is powers will play for Arab friend- be untenable in static defensive Jsra~l's modern history." The reached Palestine on November 2, ship. .warfare. A surprise attack would hardly new. It has been charac Israel's madern history." The 1945, the day the underground cut Israel into half a dozen parts. finest day will be the day she teristic of U.S. policy since the Towards Reconciliation Jewish Army, the Haganah, blew A long war would be suicidal for achieves reconciliation with the The other side of the ravine in up bridges and watchtowers to be beginning of Israel's struggle for a community of little more than Arabs. independence. Although in No which Israel finds herself isolated gin its struggle against the British two millions Jews in a sea of 50 To achieve• It will require an act ln order to open the country to vember 1947, the U.S. voted for looks as forbidding but, if scaled, million A!rabs. Only total mobili the U.N. plan to partition Pales would be more promising in the of sympathy worthy of the best the survivors of the Hitler death zation can defend It, and total in Jewry's Biblical heritage. It 11 e.amps. tine into linked Arab and Jewish long run. This would be to inde mobilization is impossible for any states, the State Department tried pendently seek reconcilation with to · under.stand and forgive an In the sprini- of 1946, Stone was extended term in Israel, since it enemy, and thus convert him into desperately J o prevent that plan's her Arab neighbors. The problem the first journalist in the world brings the wheels of the economy a friend. A certain obtuseness waa consummation in the 'first few is given a new urgency by the con to travel from Poland to Palestine to. a crawl. The strategic and de unfortunately evident in Abba as an illegal Jewish immli-rant months of 1948. When I left quest of the Gaza stl'ip and the mographic circumstances dictate Eban's brilliant presentation of Washington in April 1948, to cover west bank of the Jordan, which through the British blockade on blltzkrie&", and blitzkrle&' is a dan Israel's cause to the Se~urlty for the newspaper PM what every now puts the bulk of the Pales one of the Haganah's vessels. In gerous gamble. To be forced to Council. To rest a case on Jewish one felt would be an Arab-Jewish tianian Arab refugees right back 1947 he went on one of the Brit keep that weapon in reserve is homelessness, and to simultane under Israeli control. It is as if, ish prison sbilps to 11pend Passover war as soon as the plan took ef ruinous. ously refuse to see the Arabs whe fect on May 15, Secretary of State no matter how or where they turn, In the camps in Cyprus where cap It is ruinous financially and it have been made homeless, is only Marshall was thr.eatening private two million Israelis find them tured illegal immlrrants were de is ruinous morally. It imposes a another illustration of that tribal ly: to cut off United Jewish Ap selves, even in v'1ctory, surrounded tained. In 1948, he covered the huge armament burden. It feeds an blindness which plagues the human Arab-Jewislt war, and was the peal funds for Palestine if the by the same iiea of Arabs. The ever more intense and costly arms race and plunges it constantly into original U.N. partition plan called first corre!)pondent to reach. Jer Jews there went abroad and es race, as each side seeks frantically bloodshed. The first step toward usalem in ,the early hours of the tablished a state. The Number for an Arab state and a Jewish for newer and more complex reconciliation is to recognize that One question with which I was state linked together in an econ weapons. It brings with it a spiral Arab bitterness has real and deep morninc- when the sl~ge was lifted; omically· united Palestine. Gaza of fear and hate. It creates within He returned to Israel In 1949, greeted everywhere was whether r-0ots. The refugees lost their and the west bank were to be part Israel the atmosphere of a besieged farms, their villages. their offices, 1950, 1956 al\d ac-ain- in 1964. His the _U.S. would actually carry out that threat. Ben Gurion was de of the Arab State. One wing of community, ringed by hostile their cities and their country. Underground to Palestine was' 1 neighbors, its back to the· sea, skep published in 1946, . and This Is termined to declare statehood in the Zionist movement, albe.it a Just as Jews everywhere sym spite of it, and there was a burst minority, had alway1 supported tical, with g o o d reason, of the pathize.with their people, so Arabi Israel, a b :story of the Arab-Jew world community, relying only on ish Wll! and of Jewish Palestine, of jubilation in Tel Aviv-already everywhere sympathize and Ident blacked out in expeci'ation of her own military strength, turn ify with theirs. They feel that antl ln 1918. He was awarded a medal ing every man and woman into by the Haranah for his under Egyptian air raids-on the nlght Semitic Europe solved its Jewish a soldier, regarding every Arab problem at Arab expense. To a &"round trip in 1946. of May 15, when word came that President Truman had recognized within her borders distrustfully as rankling sense of injustice is now The followini- article is reprint the newly declared state. The a potential Fifth Columnist, and added a third episode in military ed by permission, from the July United States was torn then, as glorying in her military streng.th. humiliation. Zionist propaganda 1967 issue of Ramparts (subscrip it stiJl · is, between oil· interests in Chauvinism and militarism are the always spoke of the role that the tion: seven dollars a year), 1125 the :'Arab states and the Jewish inescapable results. They can turn Jews could play in helping to mod Portland Place, Boulder, Colorado. .Israel Into an Ishmael. They can 'vote at home. ernize the Arab world. Unless firm After her swift military victory, create a minuscule Prussia, not the steps are now taken towards a Israel now faces a prolonged war The same pattern was visible . in ' beneficent Zion of which the general and generous settlement, of nerves. Her antagonists in this. the new crisis. To take sides with prophets and Zion!sts dreamed. this will become true in a sense war will not be the Arabs, but the Israel would have endangered the The East will not be redeemed by never intended. The repercussions two "superpowers," the Soviets $2.5' billion stake that American turning it into a new Wild West, of the 1948 war set off seismic openly, the United States more oil companies have 1n the Middle where Israel can rely on a quick tremors that brought a wave of covertly. Both countries will bring East .. 'No politicfan from, an oil draw with a six-shooter. nationalist revolutions in Egypt, strong pressure to bear on Israel state like Texas could fall to be In justice to Israel, no one can Syria and Iraq. The repercussions to give up her territorial gains in aware of this. The major oil com for.get the terrible history ·that has of this current defeat will lead return for new international guar- panies are the most powerful in turned the Jewish state Into a a new generation of Arabs to mod antees at Aqaba, on the Suez, fluence on American foreign pol fighting community. Events still ernize and mobilize for revenge, aloni'- her borders and in reunited icy: Standard Oil (New Jersey) fresh in living memory illustrate inspired (like the Jews) by mem how little reliance may be placed ories of past glory. Jerusalem. earns 54 per c"'ent of its net income a bl-national solution anyway, Israel's diplomatic position is as abroad'. ~exaco ea~ns 35 per cent. on the conscience of mankind. Considering their numben and somewhat alone Swiss lines. It is LOng before the crematoria were difficult as her strategic position. The oii:ich- Arabian desert~. are not beyond political ·ingenuity to resources and the general rise of On the one side are the super- the hohest places of the Middle built, in the six yeal's of Nazi rule all the colonial people in this per work out a scheme whereby some before World War II, refugees met powers for whom she has been a 'East for the world's oil cartels. iod, the Arabs must eventually pr~ kind of confederation could be a cold shoulder. Our State Depart pawn; on the other the Arabs for 1:he realpollUk. of di_ctated, vail. Those who shudder to think oi~ created, perhaps also. including ment, like the British Foreign whom she is an enemy. The So- firstly, a h_ands-off pohcy m that Israel, with all the cost in de an~ Jordan by giving her a corridor Office, distinguished itself in those viets voted for partition of Pal- Ara~-Israeli. war, for. fear that 011 votion and all .she honorably woll to the Mediterranean. There could years by its anemic Indifference in marsh and desert, might be de estioe in 1947 and recognized the holdrng~ might be sabotaged an_d still be a predominantly Jewish to th!! oppressed and its covert atate of Israel in order to dislodge expropriated. But seco?dly, it stroyed after a short life, as were state, but one linked frater(\ally undertone of admiration for the the Maccabean and Crusader king British power from the Middle would have calle4 for rnterven with one· or two Arab states,. one Axis; our few anti-fascist ambas East. Two decades later, the So- tlon, had Nasser won, for fear that doms before her, all who want Palestinian, one Jordanian. The sador5, like Dodd in Berlin· and her to live and grow in peace, viets a!;IJ\ed Egypt and Syria ·Oil-poor Egypt would then take funds for Arab resettlement could Bowers in Madrid, were treated must seek to avoid such a solu against Is~ael in the hope of dis-· over the oil resources of the Arab be spent in providing n~w homes miserably by the Department. The tion. Israel cannot Uve ve1·y 101tf lodging Amhican PO\;\'er; they saw Middle East _as she had seized the in a developing economy for all welcome:- signs In the civilized in a hostile Arab sea. She cannot Israel as Nasser's mean·s of reunit- Suez Canal m 195_!!. Arab residents, whether they are world. were few, and even now, set her face against that renais Ing the Arab world under a revo- It was out of fear of Nasser and refugees from Jewish-occupied if events were reversed and Israel sance of Arabic nity and civiliza lutionary leadership which would Arab nationalism that the United Palestine or not. were overrun, it could expect little tion which began to stir a genera seize the oil fields and evict the States provided pro-Western re Moshe Dayan himself has spoken more than a few hand-wringing tion ago. She cannot remain a Western powers from Arabia and gimes in Saudi Arabia and Jordan cryptically if reluctantly of con r-esolutions. If the upshot of this Western outpost in an Afro-Asian Iran, just as Nasser evicted Eng- with arms which were later mobil federation. Israel's swift and bril new struggle ls the exproprration world casting of.f Wes tern domina I land and France from Suez. This ized against Israel. Had Israel liant military victories only make of Western Europe's oil sources tion. She cannot repeat on a bigger was the Grand Design of Russia.n falle'n, ~he U.S. would have moved. sonfe such settlement and recon in the Middle East, it will only scale the mistakes she made in realpolitik. · The Mi.Qdle East ls more impor- ciliation all the more urgent. seem t-0 history a giant retribution Algeria, where Israel and Zionism Israel's unexpectedly swift mil- tant strategically and economical The ·e lies the final solution of for the moral failure . that forced were allies of Soustelle and Massu ltary victory upset this design. ly · by ·far than Vietnam, and the the refugee problem and perma the survivors of Hitlerism to seek and the French rightists. She must By defeating Nasser, Israel did U.S . .would have had to mobilize nent security for Israel. The funds a refuge in the inhospitable deserts, join the Third World if she Is to Lyndon Johnson an enormous for a second "Vientnam" in the which the world Jewish commu drawn by the pitiful mirage of an survive. No quickie military vic favor, but it ts .a ..mistake to as- Middle East, with all the attendant nity has been raising to aid Israel ancestral home. tories should blind her to the in aume 1:hat he . will reciprocate. risk of a confrontation' with the could be diverted to this construc The precedent of the cease._fire escapable-in the long run she can, From an Arab point of view, Is- Soviet Union. This is the dimen tive and human cause, and divert resolution at the U.N. is a most not defeat the Arabs. She must rael appears as a Western tool: sion of America's debt to Israel, ed in gratitude ·that the war end disturbing one. It accepts preven join them. The Jews played a great she was planted in Palestine under but it is not a debt Israel can ·col- ed so swiftly with relatively little tive war and allows the ceuntry role in Arabic civilization in the . Anglo-A)Ilerican ' auspices; she is lect, .eve~ '"though her very ex damage to' either side. Imagine which launched it 't-0 keep the fruits Middle ' Ages. A Jewish state can play a similar role in a new Semi financially dependent on Western, istence was at stake. And it was at h o w impossible reconcilation of aggression ·as a bargaining card. tic renaissance. This is the perspec especially American, Jewry; she stake because both superpowers would now be if Tel Aviv had But Israel has a right to ask what the U.N. was prepared to do if ti'1e of safety, of honor, and of joined with England and Jj'rance had poured enormous quantities been destroyed by the Egyptians, Nasser had been able to carry out fra terni t-y. agaihst Egypt in the Suez adven- of arms into the hands of their and Cairo or Aswan Dam by the One crucial st~p in this direc ture of 1956; and she has now respective Arab client states, his threats of total war and the Israelis. It was a moral tragedy complete destruction of Israel. tion would be, iri. the very hour of handed a stunning defeat to the while Israel had to scrounge all -to which no Jew worthy of our Who would have intervened in victory, to heal wounded Arab chief nationalist leader of the Arab around the world in order to sup best prophetic tradition could be time? Who would take the sur pride as much as possible, and in world, for whom a coalition of ply her armies. She owed her Air insensitive-that a kindred peop. vivors? These are the bitter particular to reach a new under feudal chiefs, Anglo-American oil Force to a French conflict with pie was made homeless in the task thoughts which ·explain Israel's· be 'Standing with Nasser. Both Ameri companies and (according to Nas- Arab North Africa, long since of finding new homes for the rem lief that she can rely only on can policy and Israeli policy have aer) CIA agents have been gun- healed and ended. Both .Washing nants of the Hitler holocaust. Now herself. But to understand this is sacrificed long range wisdom to ning. But from an Israeli point ton and Moscow will now be im is the time to right tl\at wrong, not to accept it. The challenge to short-sighted advantage in dealing oi view, all of her Western allies pelled to resume the rearmament to show magnanimity in victory, the world is the creation of a bet with the Egyptian leader. He is a let her down when the crunch of the Arabs in their rivalry for and to lay the foundations of a ter order, the first step toward military dictator, he ·wages hi1 · came: .the U.S. declared neutrality, influence, while France no longer new order in the Mi.ddle East by which would bi! to remove the Mid own Vietnam in Yemen, he use• France went back on her alliance wishes to strain her new friend which Israelis and Arabs can ,live dle East from the arena of great poison gas there against his' own with Israel, and B{itain was ab- ship· with Arab North Africa and in peace. power rivalry; this afone can keep people, he runs a police state. But Ject in tryin& to assure the Arabs Egypt by supplying Israel with Thi.I alone -cai;;,, . inake • ,bra.el it £rom ao(lMr. 0¢. la te;r Qecomin& • ' (Continue(! on page 6) September, 1967 THE CATHOLIC WORKER .California Vineyards Revisited By DOUG ADAIR marra either recognize the tJnion their headquarters. The DiGiorgio porarily. We had to pack up our 31, the anniversary of the Di Reynaldo de la Cruz and I took or hold an election to establish the strike and boycott, and .finally the things and give up the office. We Giorgio elections in California th• advantage of the "quiet season" Union's right to bargain for the DiGiorgio elections, were the hope that after the Guimarra crisis year before. And the results were in Texas to leave Rio Grinde City workers. Guimarra refused even great campaigns of 1966. After ls over, we can rebuild our staff even more lopsided-than the Union for a three-week visit to Delano, to discuss electip.ns. He refused to the victories in the elections (Au from people who are now out on victories in California: four California, at the end of August. negotiate with the workers, or gust 31, 1966 for DiGiorgio's the boycott. The Perelli-Minettl hundred and five in favor of the The farm workers' struggle for Union leaders, or even with an Delano ranch; November 4 for lawsuit against us (for $6,000,000) Union, and eight opposed! The justice is beginning to take -0n a impartial arbitrator. In a huge their Arvin-Lamont ranch), the is being settled, and we are hope vote was a great step forward for seasonal pattern, just as the crops rally in Bakersfield\ on July 23, workers got a 25c an hour in ful that the other law suit (by let migrants in Wisconsin; a tremen and migrations are seasonal. In over a thousand workers lustily crease. The Contract was not tuce grower Bud Antle, for $1,010,- dous victory for Obreros Unidos: May and June of 1967, the main booed Guimarra, and drew up a signed until April, 1967, and since 000) will also soon be settled. We and especially a tribute to the hard battlefield in the struggle was list of demands: $1.90 an hour the wages were retroactive to the have about $800 in debts, but of work over the past three years, centered in the meloJ) fields of minimum throughout the year, job elections, many workers got over course our biggest debt Is to our the patience, tnd the brilliant Texas, just as it had been in 1966. security, health insurance. rest pe two hundred dollars in bonuses. subscribers and readers. Hopeful leadership of Jesus Salas. Libby riods,· vacations with pay, sick still hasn't signed a contract, but In July, August, and September, Ma.ny contributed the entire ly, we will be able to raise tqe leave, drinking water in the .fields, the bosses can be sure that the the main battlefield shifts to the all}ount to the Union. This year money and reorganize the staff and Central Valley in California, with etc. They voted unanimously to the workers are getting $1.63 a.n workers will be more unified than go on strike if Guimarra refused start putting out the paper again ever when they return to work a side campaign in the cucumber hour, plus 15c a box in the grapes, by Christmas. Any help that you fields of Wisconsin. these demands. And when Gui which means that almost all m3ke next year. marra remained deaf to their can spare should be sent to Farm The drive from · Rio Grande ever $2 an hour during the har Worker Press, Box 1960, Delano, pleas, the workers walked out on vest. DiGiorgio also pays !5c an * * * City, Texas, t-o Delano, is a beau August 3. California. Some of you, who have followed tiful trip, through desert country, hour for health and accident in Co-opt Rich Man surance. But the workers seemed the strike from the first, may be - over deep canyons like that of All kinds of beautiful things are Who is Guimarra? Joseph Gui most enthusiastic about the !leW getting discouraged that the move the Pecos River, through rolling happening in Delano. The new co ment seems to move forward by hills and mountalns like the Big marra is a "good Catholic" who relationship of the workers to contributes to the Church in Bak their supervisors and bosses. Now op garage and auto parts store is inches instead of miles. Why has Bend area, or through deserts almost completed, a beautiful dark the Union done nothing for the scarred by jagged peaks and ersfield ·and sends his daughters they were treated with respect. to Catholic Garces High School. Now if they had • · complaint, it brown adobe structure on the Un workers in New York, or Georgia, mesas, as in Arizona and New ion's forty acres of land just out or Florida? And we in tbe move Mexico. He deplores welfare . for lazy peo was taken up by the gdevance ple who don't want to work. He committee, and the worker got a ·side De'lano. (The Union got the ment sometimes tend to measure It is a good 12 hours of 60- accepts a government check for land at a discount because it ls our successes by an extra nickle mile-an-hour driving from Rio fair heal'ing. The workers have $247,000 every year: for growing next to the dump). There is a new or dime in a new contract, which is Grande to El Paso, all in Texas. won a dozen · major grievances (or not growing) cotton on his less since April, one involving a man green lawn around the two house actually .only a small part of what How isolated our little feudal productive acres. He owns a trailers that serve as the Farm we are fighting for. The slowness Starr County is. We passed who was unfairly ft.red. The com winery and oil wells but his big pany was forced to rehire him and Workers Clinic. Peggy McGivern, i>f the d'rive can be blamed on the· through the big ranches outside money is in grapes, fresh table our long-suffering nurse, is still lack of equal protection under the Laredo, the spinach south of pay him back wages. grapes, green, red, purple. He has Reynaldo and I drove the last putting in 12 or 14 hours' a day, laws. We desperately need cover Crystal City, the truck. crops age of farm workers under the Na over six thousand acres in grapes, ftfty miles north to Delano, and as she has 'since she came to Del- around Eagle Pass, and miles and and sales usually top twelve mil tional Labor Relations Act. Our miles of cotton ·in West Texas-; lion dollars a year. failure so far can be blamed on 'the all areas desperately needing the unfortunate fight we had with the .. Union, and as yet untouched by In some ways this is the most Teamsters, (which has at last been organizing drives . . difficult and crucial strike we have settled), or the sµrprising decision faced. - When the· crisis came and of one of the major agencies which In Mesquite, New Mexico, we his workers walke'd out, Guimarra passed one of the big ranches had been funding us to cut off all appealeq to the other growers for funds. owned by a major Starr County workers and they sent him hun and Rio Grande Valley rancher. dreds. The Union found that the But the main thing holding u1 In Arizona, we passed one of growers were ftooding Kern up is that we have found that the Bianco~ big ranch~s. Bianco is County with wetbacks fr-Om Mex best way to organize farm worken one of the 33 grape growers in ico, PO!>r sou.ls who are bxought is with farm workers. It takes Delano who were struck in· Sep into the United States illegally by time to develope good organizers. tember, 1965. The strike goes <>n the big growers and labor con And we have also found that our and Bianco will probablv be the tractors. They can be cheated and successes ~ar exceed our actual next grower against whom the ab\lsed by the growers, and are contracts. For we are building a Union concent rates. But as one often not paid at all. II they com new spirit, a new awareness, in sees these · familiar names on plain, the grower "discovers" that farm workers all over the country. ranches a thousand miles from they are illegal, and turns them Thousands who have never been home. one is reminded that we over to the Border Patrnl. The there are beginning to realize the are fi ghting not "family farms" importance of Rio Grande, Texas, Union members hate being "El spent the afternoon on ~he picket ano in October, 1965. Construc but huge corporations with hold Dedo" ("the Finger") and pointing line there. The Union is main- tion on the permanent clinic and of Lamont and Delano, California, ings all over the Southwest. La out these poor people to the cops. or Waut-oma, Wisconsin. The idea Casita Farms, the biggest melon taining picket lines from Guimar- pharmacy will begin as soon as the But on the other hand, we don't ra's Wheeler Ridge Ranch (in the garage is completed. Dolores of the Union, of the movement, i1 grower and employer in Starr taking root throughout the South want to let the growers get away foGthills at the 'extreme southern Huerta, beautiful and tireless as Oounty, is actually owned by with using them to break lhe west. You see it in the garbage Hardin Farms of Salinas, Cali- end of the great Central Valley) ever; had just arranged contracts collectors' strike in San Antonio; strike. So the Union demanded to Ducor, seventy miles to the with Almaden Vineyards, Chris fornia. that the Department of Immigra in the Farm Workers Credit Union Lamont, California north. There are two command tian Brothers Vineyards, and Gold in Mesquite, New Mexico; in the tion investigate. Over five hundred centel·s, ·in ·Lamont and in Delano. berg (all with a minimum wage of We spent the second night with wetbacks . were pulled out of the Community CouRcil in Eloy, Ari my parents near Lo.s Angeles, and In t]le· first days of the strike, $1.80). She is negotiating with zona; in the movements of Reyes fields in Kern County in just one there were over .five hundred pick- Gallo and Franzia Vineyards, who then drove over Tejon Pass the week in August. Tijerina in New Mexico and Corky next morning. I had been in Texas ets just around Lamont. But an own thousands of acres in Central Gonzales in Denver. So stay with Recruiting· of wetbacks has since April and Californi.;! 1ooked injunction on the third day of the California, AU of these contracts. us, with your prayers, your con tapered oJf,, but Guimarra and the very beautiful to me, with lush strike limited pickets to three at except Goldberg, were won with tributions, your support. Don't be .green vineyards and groves other growers are recruiting hun an entrance·. to the vineyards, and out strikes. And Manuel Sanchez, patient, at least not with injustice. df"eds of "Green Card" Mexican stretching as far .as the eye could one picket every fifty feet along -affectionately known as "Fats," is But do understand that this strug nationals. A/ "green card" is an see. We took a side road through the edge of the vineyards. The in- ·busy in the Hiring Hall, dispatch gle will take years of hard work, the vineyards and drove up into immigration permit. But In fact, junction "also forbids leafteting or ing. workers to Schenley, GiGior and many more bitter ftghts, be Lamont, where the United Farm the tJ.S. Government has con followirig workers to their homes gio, Perelli-Minetti (finally brought fore we really' make the break spired with the growers to turn Workers Organizing · Committee to discuss the strike and the Union. down after a 10-month strike), and through for all farm worker1 .,. the "green card" system into· a had perhaps their second most These strike-breaking injunctions, Goldberg, all protected by good throughout America. important office. There were over new bracero program. (On top of that, Secretary of Labor Wirtz has in California as well as Texas, are contracts. ED. NOTE: Dou&' Adair is the a hundred people crammed into Wisconsin just approved over eight thousand .becomlng a major legal weapon in editor of the Texas edition ol the office when we got there, the hands of the growers. And while we were in Delano, El Malcriado. having lunch and planning the braceros to work the California to- mato crop this year.) Wherever Twelve Hour Day news came of a fantastic victory afternoon's picket strategy. The in Wisconsin. Jesus Salas and his Union has had anywhere from a there is a strike, thousand$ of Reynaldo and I soon got t>ack Obreros Unidoa (United Workers> hundred to eight hundred people "Green Carder s" suddenly apipear into the habit of picketing, from had. staged a one-day sit-down on the picket line continuously to take the strikers' jobs. four in the morning to about three strike at Libby McNeil, and Libby, BETTER READ THAN DEAD for 25 months now. They welcomed The Union pla.ns a law suit· or four in the afternoon. There Read Yo•nelf h1to a Coherent who harvest hundreds of acre·s of Peace Po1ltiH us with open arms, ll)any old against Guimarra for illegally re- we.re about two hundred pickets cucumbers arouni;l Waushara and cruiting workers, without even in- based in ~lano , many of them old PAX BIBLIOGRAPHY friends I hadn't see.a in months. Portage Counties. Salas is work r Cathy Lynch was there, beauti forming them of the strike. But Filipinos who had. been with th~ ing independently of Delano, with Malor and CapHle Reviews ef ful, wonderful Cathy. Cathy had even with the massive me.gal re- strike from the first day. Guimar out money or help from us. Last 74 PEACE IOOKS . left the Catholic Worker com cruiting, Guimarra is believed to ra was one of the original ranches year lie staged a march from Longer Reviews: munity in the Bay area to join the have lost over a million dollar s struck in 1965 but the Union had W:automa to Madison, to !ocus at strike in 1966. She and two other during the first two weeks of _the not concentrated on it, or spread tention on the plight of the cu Nationall1111 & Amerlc;a• Californians had come to Texas Cqtkolicl1111 by Dorothy DokH strike. . . . . the strike to his ot~er ranches, cumber workers, and this year he Gordo• Zah• lletroapectlve in late May of this year to help The Unton ~s also sh~ftmg. Its . until this summer. began applying direct pressure on Catkollc Worker looks on the picket line, in leafleting, boycott of Gu1marra grapes mto I h d d t k t d 1 D l the growers. The one-day sit-down and in door-to-door. organizing. high gear. Again, Guimarra has a . one sa as o o n e .- strike may have been what did the Capsule Reviews: We were all veterans of the organized the other "rowers to ano. Bill Esher, who had been ed1- trick. At any rate, the Wisconsin Ge11eral Peace looks Hidalgo County Jail and Cathy help him defeat the bo;cott. He is tor o~. " E~. Malcriado" Che was " ~l Employment Relations Commis looks oa Vietaam and Reynald<> were veterans of the packing thousands of boxes under Malcuado ) . had left Delano ~n sion held day-long hearings at A•thologiea Starr County Jail. other growers' labels. The Union July. 1".1arc1a B'.·ooks ~anchez did which Salas and many workers Pamphlets Cathy filled us in on the news. is drawing up a list of all S<)ab a bea~tiful job m putting out one testified. State A.F.L.-C.1.0. lead Encyclicals After DiGiorgio, the biggest grape labels, but one can a.ssume that more issue of the paper, but she ers and lawyers lent suport to This an110tated book list, coatained grower in the Delano-Lamont any grapes with a Dela"no or Btt- had no staff to help her. And Salas' arguments. And, upsetting la a double l11ue of areas ls Guimarra Corporation, kersfield address on them are without any staff, the bills quickly all predictions, tlie Commission de PEACE 9uarterly, with over 2,500 workers at the scab. • begin to pile up faster than the cided that workers at Libby's did may be olttaiaed free wltli peak of the harvest (around Sep DiGiorgio Victory • money came in. The Union is also have a right to organize, and to memltenhlp la PAX ($].) tember 5). By July, over 800 Gut Before we left Lamont, Reynal- broke and couldn't help us, and vote to decide whether they Slagle l11u-S1.. marra workers had signed Union do and I got a cltance to talk to there are legal complications to wanted a Union as their bargaining some of the DiGiOrgio workers, their giving us aid. So we decided PAX-lox 1 Jf, ·M•1Tay Hill P.O. cards and Cesar Chavez, leader of agent. New Yerk 1001' - the Union, demanded that Gui- who also use .the Lamont ol;fice as to, ~&top publication, at least, tern- T)le electioii waa P,eld 011 August THE CATHOLIC WORKER
desires, work to bring his speech ln line with the dominant group. Joe Hill House If, however, C>ne . is rejected be cause of his color, be must face Teachers Strike By AMMON HENNACY the anguishing fact that he is be ing rejected because of something Atlanta, Ga. prolonged strikes tha.t have kept Federal Judge Ritter Ca non ln himself that cannot be changed. Albert Shanker, United Federation of Teachers Mormon) gave Darrell Poulsen an the workers here from having to All prejudice is evil, but the pre 300 Park Ave South, New York N.Y. indefinite stay of execution, after remain content with two -dollars judice that rejects a man because I enthusiastically endorse the efforts of the teachers of New receiving a writ by Paulsen's Law a day. of the color of his skin is the most York to improve their living and working conditions, aniJ th• yer, William Fowler, based on the Now ln the fall men more men despicable expression of man's in quality of education they dispense. The majestic courage of the "cruel and unusual punishment" will drop off the freights as they humanity to man." (emphasis teachers of New York is an inspiration to all people of human clause in the Eighth Amendment, come from harvest jobs over the added) itarian concern. There should not be any· conflict between that is now before the United country. For there and for friends In the white man'-s mind, black parents and teachers In seeking a goal of better schools and States Supreme Court. (Execu and visitors, our address ls: 3462 has come to represent what is better teachers. Both are confronted with a Board of Education tions in California and Florida S. 4 W, Salt Lake City (two blocks foulest and lowest and this attitude whose record ls one of evasion, delay and tokenism toward are being held up on the same south of the huge Vitro smoke has festered in the Negro's soul the interest of the children and teachers. To avoid misunderstand grounds.) T hree other men on stacks). and seethed in him for generations ing and confusion, I urge you to pay special attention to clarify death row will automatically have until toda,y the black man is in a ing the issue of the disruptive clilld. The utmost care Is neces their sentences delayed, although rage. Martin Luther King bega.n, sary to avoid over-simi>lified illusory solutions. I hope the none Gf them had execution dates in Montgomery, Alabama, to whole New York community will come to see that is not the set. When Leigh Shack and I Book Review channel this rage into non-violent teachers who are responsible for withholding education but those were picketing for Poulsen at the direct acti:on and marches con who have forced them to resort to desperate· measures. State Capitol, someone yelled: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? Chaos or Community, ducted under "discipline for maxi Martin Luther Kins- Jr. ••Free Poulsen and shoot Hen mum effect." It was the m;uches nacy." by l\1ariiu Luther King, Harper & Row, $4.95. Reviewed. by and boycotts that gave the com Jh. Martin Luther Kine Judge Ritter also deserves PAT RUSK. mon man .the opportunity to com c/o SCLC, 203 Auburn. ATenne, Atlanta, Ga. praise fo r his decision to allow .mit himself to. the long, bard Thank you Dr. :King! We are deeply grateful for your support, three .Jehovah Witnesses, whom A riot, Martin Luther King tells us, in his latest . book about the struggle to transform society. And understanding and confidence in us. We will not let you down. be had sentenced to five · years in it was the thousands of marching We will keep faith with you and the parents and children .o( New dilemma of the Negro i~ America, prison, to serve the five on years feet that brought about "some;' York City. We will not resume teaching until we are assured that probation by working as civilians is the language of the unheard. Our society refuses the Negro de changes, rather than the lpbbying th.at the spiral of decay and despair will be reyersed and that the at the Univerity medical center, nex·t two -years will be a period of hope and p;rogress. We share cent housing and adequate educa and imploring that. goes in leg,isla without Selective Sel'vice or mil your concern that proper facilities -be provided for those chil tion and eX'pects him to be content tive halls. it:iry supervision. This is the first The term Black Power was first dren who now cannot be educated in regular. classes and whose time - t hat ·this has. been done. with the dirtiest jol;>s. ("Of em disruptive behavior makes education impossib1e for others as well. ployed Negroes, 75 per cent hold popularized by Stokely Carmichael Four years ago I was tn the c<>urt in Greenwood, Mississippi ·in the In addition to insisting on fair procedures for the case of such room when the same judge re menial jobs.") The kind of jobs children, we· have today appointed an outstanding committee of that cannot be automated or done summer of 1966. Carmichael and buked the warden and the head of teachers, child behavior specialists and community leaders to away with, like the menial tasks Ki~g .were among those who · took the Department of Prisons for the advise us J.n fonnulating a comprehensive and constructive necessary for the maintenance of up the march that had been begun tear gassing of four prisoners who program. elegant hotels. The dishwashing by James Meredith when he was . had trie d to escape from the State With your support and ·that of other thoughtful and progressive machines are there, but human sbot down.. In explaining Car prison and were punished by be leaders we shall proceed with renewed confidence. It is not our hands are still required to clean michael's decision to abandon the ing handcuffed and chained to tactic of nonviolence; King t~lls desire to remain away from our positions one minute more than the floor of their cells. ' the smeared plates. left behind by is necessary to reach agreement on the terms of our return to satiated customers. Our black peo of the killing of the young Negro Lavanam, a pacifist from India ple are still to be found in the Jimmie Lee Jackson a year earlier. tea.ching. Until that time we have no alterna.Uve to our present course of action. We remain firm in our determination t-0 sea who had marched with George ·kitchens, in the basements, in the this struggle through to victory for teachers and pupils alike. Willough by there, stopped here fields, and sweeping the floors of and gave a very interesting talk. factories. Our unwritten code United Federation of Teachers AFL-CIO Un til Lavanam quoted it, I had stipulates that this· is where the Albert Shanker, President not re:ilized that Gandhi had ex- Negro belongs, if he is lucky pressed this thought: "More harm enoug'h to get a job at all. But the is done by the weakness of the ghetto is ·not his · natural home, as good man than by the wickedness we are so wont to believe, ·and we of the bad man." In 1964, speak- can no longer consign him there The Future of Israel ing of the idea of voting for John- as if he were a citizen of some (Continued from page 4) · son to keep Goldwater out, I alien country cut off from the Ph rase d I·t th·lS way: "A goo d man mainsprings o.f our society. he is also the first Egyptiitn ryler of Ho~t!! shall bless, saying, lJlessed 1s· worse th an a b a d man, because "The daily life of the Nel!:ro," to give Egypt's downtrodden tel- be Egypt my, people, and Assyria . d d f d · - lahin a break. It is fascinating to the work pf.my hands, and Israel h e f m s a goo reason or omg Dr. King declares, "is- lived fn the recall that Egypt has been ruled my inheritance." a bad thing that a bad man basement of the Great Society." Id ' r· t " by foreigner;; almost since the days cou n t igure ou · Even if the slums are transformed Lt.,,e.,, so many o t"uer d ea ths that when David and Solomon ruled in A Negro boy had a paper route the Negro will stilt be living in occurred in the civil-rights move- Israel. Not until Nasser's time, and fn a white section of town here. isolation unles·s white people enter ment, his death went virtually un- the eviction of the British and A Farm With His customers made ·such a fuss the ghettoes and form new com- noticed by most people. But it was French at Suez, have the Egyptians that he was taken off the route. munities witll. the black people. At not forgotten by Carmichael and become the master in their own A View - One Saturday mght recently, a fir'sJ; this will involve a reversal of his fellow members of the Student ancient house. Nasser's program (Continued from page 3 ) rumor was spread that four car- roles and whites will begin to get Non-Violent Coordinating Com- has given Egypt its first taste of loads oC ar med Negroes would be a taste of what Negroes have ex- mittee (S.N.C.C.l. Nor did they fail reform, on the land, in the factocy, . many wlli remember him, Tom · here the following morning to perienced for so Jong: "the dark to contrast it with the great hue in health and educational services. Sullivan, Celie Smith, the widow blow up the Mormon Temple. A cave of inhumanity," to use King's and cry that went across the na- His accompliShments certainly !!UT- of Chad Smith, ~ith · her two hundred .and fifty policemen and phrase. We will be rejected, our tion when a white ·unitarian mint- pass those of a comparable militacy; youngest sC>ns, Sheila Murphy, the soldiers turned out buf no Ne- advice, our handouts and even our ster, James Reeb, was murdered figure, Ayub In .Pakistan. The .U.S. ·oldest daughter of Lou Murphy, groes showed up. The Governor camaraderie -wm be scorned.- and in the same cause. Martin ·Luther oil ·inferests, Johnson's anjmosity. who operate.s the Catholic Worker and t he morning paper ridiculed it will seem as though we were King, however, is implacably com- and Israel's· ill-will have been houses in . Detroit. Other visitors the hysteria, but the more conser- invisible. ·We can make the effort mitted to nonviolence,. and ·de- united ln· recent years In efforts have included a number of priests,, -va tive people naturally applauded to identify with the Negro and clare·s that: "What is needed is ·a fo get ·rid of him. They have aµ nuns, and seminarians. We are such action. There are only two know what he feels, but we can realization that power- without lC>ve favored f.eudal monarchs like ~audi particularly grateful to the Sisters ------..,, thousand Neg.roes in Salt Lake nevei: know the burden that he is reckless and abusive and that 'Arabia's whose day Is done. of St. Jo,seph of Newark who City and four thousand in Ogden. has inherited· from the past. love without power is sentimental °It is Nasser who represents the brought us a.. donation C>f blanket• . A . few · years ag·o tbe National As Dr. King su powerfully ·and anemic. Power ~ · its best is future · and who can create the and of de Uc i o us home~mada ~ _. Association for Ure Advance.menl brings out, it is the "color shock" love implementing the demands of "internal stability so necessary ·to cookies. , · of ·Colored People picketed the that is so damaging to the Negro's justice." ' peace..· Th~ ·· alternative if he , is For all the work of farm, Mormon Church off~ces as well as ability to live a:. normal life. He Dr. . King's discqsslon o_f the •Overthr-o"wn will ultimately be ,50IDe }9tchen, housekeeping, mainten a !I inner where. Governor George tells of- a simple test for color Neoro and · the labor movement far more fanatical and leS!! con- ance, office, mail, sacristy, w• Romney, or Michigan, was speak- sensitivity given to young Negro su:gests that a- strike ean be ·.an _iitruchve .force, like the MC>sle,m have .as usual to thank most par ing to a ·group of Re.publicans to and : white children, in .which the effe_ctive weapon not only . against Brotherho~d. If ~ar make~ sense -ticulnly: John Fillinger, Hana raise money. Romney shook hands child draws a tree, an apple and a production but als