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Philippines Wind Energy Resource Atlas Development November 2000 • NREL/CP-500-28903 Philippines Wind Energy Resource Atlas Development Dennis Elliott Presented at the Business and Investment Forum for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Asia and the Pacific Region Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia September 4–7, 2000 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute ••• Battelle ••• Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: [email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Philippines Wind Energy Resource Atlas Development Dennis L. Elliott National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO USA Abstract Information Systems (GIS) software to produce high- resolution (1 square kilometer [km2]) wind resource This paper describes the creation of a comprehensive maps. wind energy resource atlas for the Philippines. The atlas was created to facilitate the rapid identification This project evolved through the cooperation and of good wind resource areas and understanding of the assistance of Winrock International and several salient wind characteristics. Detailed wind resource Philippine agencies. Upon learning of NREL’s maps were generated for the entire country using an advanced wind mapping capability, the Winrock advanced wind mapping technique and innovative International Philippines Renewable Energy Project assessment methods recently developed at the Support Office (REPSO) and Preferred Energy, Inc., National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The worked with other interested parties in the technique uses Geographic Information Systems to Philippines to propose and fund the development of a produce high-resolution (1 square kilometer) annual national Wind Energy Resource Atlas. The Philippine average wind resource maps. In addition to the Council for Industry and Energy Research and annual average wind resource distribution, the Development, of the Department of Science and seasonal and diurnal variability and other salient Technology, and the Philippines National Oil wind characteristics were analyzed. The wind Company each provided funding for the study mapping results show many areas of good to through Winrock International. DOE also provided excellent wind resource throughout much of the significant funding for the development of the wind Philippines, particularly in the northern and central energy resource atlas, and the U.S. Agency for regions. The total wind electric potential from areas International Development supported the overall with good to excellent wind resource is coordination and data gathering for the wind atlas conservatively estimated to be 76,000 megawatts of development effort. The Philippines National Power installed capacity or approximately 195 billion Corporation (NPC) supported the project by kilowatt hours per year. Even if only a small fraction contributing wind-monitoring data collected at 14 of this potential can be readily developed, this still prospective wind energy sites and by providing other represents a substantial wind potential that is much technical assistance. greater than estimated in previous studies. We strongly recommend that wind measurement Winrock International and REPSO had the lead programs be conducted to validate the resource responsibility in administering this project and in estimates and to refine the wind maps and assessment collaborating with the Philippine organizations and methods where necessary. NREL on project activities. NREL had the technical lead for the wind resource analysis and mapping Introduction activities. The primary goal was to develop detailed wind resource maps for all regions of the Philippines The Philippines wind mapping and assessment and to produce a comprehensive wind resource atlas project was initiated to define the wind resource documenting the mapping results. availability and to facilitate and accelerate the use of wind energy technologies—both for utility-scale The document Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the generation and off-grid wind energy applications—in Philippines (Elliott et al. 1999) presents the wind the Philippines. This major project was the first of its resource analysis and mapping results for the kind undertaken for the Philippines. The key to the Philippines project. The wind resource maps were successful completion of the project was a created at NREL using its recently developed, GIS- computerized wind resource mapping technique based wind resource assessment system. In addition recently developed at the National Renewable Energy to the Philippines, NREL has applied its new wind Laboratory (NREL), a U. S. Department of Energy mapping system to produce wind resource (DOE) laboratory. The technique uses Geographic assessments of the Dominican Republic (Elliott 1 1999) and Mongolia (Elliott et al. 1998), and specific study area. Graphical and tabular wind characteristic regions of Chile, China, Indonesia, Mexico, and the products generated from the raw data need to be United States (Schwartz 1999). cross-referenced to understand the prevalent wind- flow patterns in the study area and salient wind Mapping System and Methodology characteristics, including the seasonal and diurnal variability. The ultimate goal of the analysis is to NREL has been developing its GIS-based wind create a conceptual model of the physical resource mapping technique since 1996. This mechanism(s) that cause the wind to blow in a technique replaces the manual analysis techniques particular region. The conceptual model guides the employed in previous mapping efforts, such as the development of the empirical relationships that are Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States the basis of the wind power calculation algorithms (Elliott et al. 1987). It produces wind maps that and enables meteorological input into the model to be reflect a more consistent and detailed analysis of the as precise as possible. The accuracy of the final wind wind resource distribution throughout a region. map is highly dependent on the precision of the input data. A description of the meteorological data sets, At present, the wind mapping system takes a strictly details on the digital elevation data used by the empirical, analytical approach to determine the level mapping system, and formats of the meteorological of wind resource as a particular location. It does not input can be found in previous publications (Elliott use explicit atmospheric boundary layer equations or and Schwartz 1997, 1998; Schwartz and Elliott geostrophic adjustment equations as other wind-flow 1997). models do. The mapping system is designed to display regional (rather than local or micrositing) The final meteorological inputs to the mapping distributions of the wind resource to a spatial system are vertical profiles of wind power density, resolution of 1 km2. The detailed maps are intended wind power roses (the percentage of wind power by to facilitate the rapid identification of the most direction sector), and the ocean wind power density favorable wind resource areas within a region. (where appropriate). The GIS model determines any required adjustments to these composite distributions The meteorological assumption that there are for each 1-km2 grid cell. The factors that have the empirical relationships in many parts of the world greatest influence on the adjustment for a particular among the free-air (higher than 100-200 meters grid cell are the topography in the vicinity of the grid above ground) speed, the wind speed over the ocean cell and a combination of the absolute and relative (where applicable), and the distribution of the wind elevation of the
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