How to Make Remarkable Sound of Electrical Vehicles Inside out with Active Sound Design How to Play the Audio Files in This Document?

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How to make remarkable sound of electrical vehicles inside out with active sound design How to play the audio files in this document?

1. Open the file in Adobe Acrobat Reader 2. Click on the loudspeaker icon and play the sound 3. If that doesn’t work, change the following settings:

• In the menu, select Edit -> Preferences • Left menu: chose Security (Enhanced) • Under Sandbox Protections, uncheck the box for Enable Protected Mode at Startup • Under Enhanced Security, uncheck box for Enable Enhanced Security • Click OK and restart Adobe Reader

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 1 2020-MM-DD Siemens Digital Industries Software Why adding sounds to the vehicle?

BECAUSE YOU MUST BECAUSE YOU CAN

ENSURE PROTECT BRAND STRIVE UNIQUE REDUCE COMPLIANCE REPUTATION BRAND VALUE COSTS

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 2 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration Interior sound Interior

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation Industrialization

DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound Exterior sound Exterior Upfront compliance to standards Integration in production vehicle Unrestricted to© Siemenspedestrian 2020 warning system Real-time sound tuning Minimum noise certification Page 3 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration Interior sound Interior

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation Industrialization

DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound Exterior sound Exterior Upfront compliance to standards Integration in production vehicle Unrestricted to© Siemenspedestrian 2020 warning system Real-time sound tuning Minimum noise certification Page 4 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Brand Sound Exploration What direction to take in sound design?

Exploration Towards rules

From Jury

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 5 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Software based Active Sound Design in early stage

…

SPEED TORQUE

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 6 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Vehicle input parameters during sound model creation

…

SPEED TORQUE

Manually enter parameters Use Driver profiles Define driving profiles:

rpm torque 1. Basic anchor points 2. Models

speed throttle

✓Fast & Easy ✓Easier for comparison during 3. Measure ✓Hard to compare during design design (no loop) ✓Realistic scenarios ✓Potential artificial scenarios DIGITAL BUS

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 7 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Toolset with different approaches and layers for designing the sounds

…

SPEED TORQUE

Classical Sounds, e.g. engine order alike? How to do design very creative sounds

Be able to spice up the sounds?

Without sounding artificial Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 8 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Sequence of layers that generate final sound

ADDITIONAL SPEED INFLUENCE TORQUE INFLUENCE REALISM

Overcoming monotonic Classical approach pitch increase with speed Including perception of through shepard layer power into the sound generation Makes sure low frequent Advanced approach content remains in place

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 9 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Two approaches for SPEED based layer First approach: Order Synthesis as “traditional” approach

Order synthesis Additional signal manipulations Classical NVH sound generation parametrized in perceptions • Mimic or enhance orders of an internal combustion engine Order Added Variance • Generate sounds known Synthesis + Increasing liveliness and natural by the listener Roughness - Dirtyness • Possibility (must) to create multiple layers based on different vehicle Complex Sound Signature load cases Replication of brand identity

Standard Sporty Race ASD off moderate ASD full ASD “Even without any real combustion engine orders present, this synthesis sounds very natural & authentic, where others we tested keep sounding synthetic”

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 10 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Two approaches for SPEED based layer Second approach: “the sky is the limit” with granular synthesis

Granular synthesis Music industry sound generation parametrized for NVH • Generate a sound that is rich and alive • Possibility to generate complex signatures in multiple layers Preloaded Sound Sample • Sound generation not linked to classical vehicle • Requires more experience Replay of Grains from sample with on sound design varying parameters, such as duration, pitch (function of Speed), position, …

+ randomization to make sound real and alive

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 11 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Example Creating and tuning sounds with Granular synthesis

Starting from … an elephant sound

✓Initial sample sound combined ✓Pitch rate adjustment with default settings ✓Grain position change ✓Initial pitch rate definition ✓Grain duration change ✓Initial grain position & duration.

After first design iterations ready for in-vehicle testing

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 12 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Overview of all layers

Traditional Approach Sky is the limit Granular synthesis Order synthesis Music industry sound generation parametrized for Classical NVH sound generation

NVH Layer

Including combinations Speed of both

Torque layer: to emphasize dynamic behavior of the vehicle, in function of engine load

Shepard Layer: overcome monotonic pitch increase with speed. Low frequency content remains present.

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 13 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration Interior sound Interior

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation Industrialization

DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound Exterior sound Exterior Upfront compliance to standards Integration in production vehicle Unrestricted to© Siemenspedestrian 2020 warning system Real-time sound tuning Minimum noise certification Page 14 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software What sounds good in the studio must be validated in the vehicle unit

Vehicle unit In-vehicle tuning

CAN BUS

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 15 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software In-vehicle tuning Creating and tuning sounds with Granular synthesis

✓Filtering in function of speed and torque ✓Torque layer adjustments ✓Shepard layer modification ✓High-pass filter in torque layer ✓Constant drive gain ✓Grain duration change

Final designed sound ready for industrialization

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 16 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software After tuning – leave the in-vehicle unit in the vehicle for final validation

Vehicle unit

CAN BUS

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 17 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Tuning on a driving simulator

Can you evaluate & tune the Sound model without having a prototype available?

Could you evaluate sound model for another variant of the vehicle without having this available?

What would be the impact of control parameters on the sound?

Towards the driving simulator

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 18 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Active Sound Design on the vehicle simulator

Performance Model NVH Model Rpm1, speed, Definition of vehicle driving behavior torque, Definition of sound built up from different From classic towards complex xEV %pedal, gear, noise component driveline .. Rpm 2, .. Powertrain USER Road g(t) Wind

Rpm, speed, torque

Evaluate driving alternatives by tuning Throttle, Gear Simcenter Amesim models Can Sound Design hardware

Sound

or Simcenter Testlab Sound Designer on pc Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 19 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software How to measure the ASD results? Binaural recordings

Measure audio in combination Requires artificial head or a with other vehicle signals (CAN- binaural headset Acquisition BUS, Engine speed, GPS, etc.)

Audio Replay

Real-time stereo audio replay

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 20 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Application Example: Electric Vehicle Original – combustion sound – granular synthesis sound

Original EV sound is very silent

Make it sound like an ICE using order synthesis

Use granular synthesis for a more complex sound

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 21 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Sound Quality Analysis

Subjective evaluation of Active Sound Design

Easy platform to design the correct test

Powerful analysis tools to understand the results

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 22 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Jury Testing

Use sounds Support for A/B measured with comparison, Semantic Testlab or Differential and Category imported from Judgement with statistical an external questions and reference source answers

Connect to an Improve result quality unlimited number with automatic checks of Jurors and on concordance and watch their consistency answers in real 1-click export to Excel time to further analysis

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 23 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Jury Testing to get customer feedback on Active Sound Design Preference

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 24 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration

Interior sound Interior Industrialization

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation

AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation

Creating AVAS sounds Identify right AVAS Ensure compliance that resonate the right speaker locations with regulation brand values

PROTECT BRAND SMARTER ENSURE REPUTATION DECISIONS COMPLIANCE

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 26 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Acoustic Vehicle Alert System Mandatory for new vehicle types since 2019-2020

EU – Mid 2019 UN/ECE R138

Japan Aligned UN/ECE R138

China – Mid-2019 GB/T 37153 UN/ECE R138 +2dB

USA – Mid 2020 FMVSS 141

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 27 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software AVAS design starts with compliance in mind

Any great AVAS sound needs to comply to standards ECE R138 2 main standards: Europe ECE R138, US FMVSS 141

Operational conditions • ECE R138: 10 kph, 20 kph, 6 kph reverse • FMVSS141: in addition: 0kph, reverse Processing • Minimum noise levels per octave band • Pitch shift • Volume change

→OK – 66.55dB(A) > 50|56 dB(A) →OK: all bands, focus on 315Hz + 1000Hz →OK 315Hz: 55.97dB(A) > 44|49 dB(A) 1000Hz: 56.27dB(A) > 46|51 dB(A) Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 28 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 29 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Specific AVAS challenges

Creating AVAS sounds Identify right AVAS Ensure compliance that resonate the right speaker locations with regulation brand values

PROTECT BRAND SMARTER ENSURE REPUTATION DECISIONS COMPLIANCE

Granular synthesis

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 30 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Using simulation in the AVAS Development Pedestrian Safety / AVAS

Challenges: ✓ Estimate sound Signature ✓ content ✓ propagation ✓ directivity

Solution: Fast Multipole BEM ✓ Scattering on parked vehicles + ground reflection ✓ Can sound be sufficiently heard by people between / behind the car?

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 31 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Frontload AVAS compliance Measure transfer functions

Mic_cent Transfer functions: • From Voltage output of the AMP for the Speaker TF_cent • To the pressure response at the PBN 2m Pa/V Front microphones AVAS speaker vehicle Pressure 2m 2m PP’ ECE R138 Mic_left Mic_right TF_FR • left & right microphone, at 2m from CC’ TF_FL Voltage Pa/V Pa/V AMP FMVSS141 • additional center microphone, on CC’ line, at 2m distance • center microphone only used for stationary directivity test TF_RL TF_RR Pa/V Pa/V Reverse • For reverse testing the vehicle is repositioned CC’’ Rear with the rear at PP’ line vehicle

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 32 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Frontload AVAS compliance Evaluate PBN prediction with transfer functions

Transfer functions: • From Voltage output of the AMP → Speaker • To the pressure response at the PBN microphones

The AVAS.CHECK • predicts the sound at the PBN mics • evaluates if the criteria of R138, FMVSS141, GB/T 37153 + Japanese standards are met.

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 33 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Frontload AVAS compliance [video] Evaluate PBN prediction with transfer functions

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 34 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Frontload AVAS compliance [video] Evaluate PBN prediction with transfer functions

AVAS

CAN BUS

Creating AVAS sounds Identify right AVAS Ensure compliance that resonate the right speaker locations with regulation brand values

PROTECT BRAND SMARTER ENSURE REPUTATION DECISIONS COMPLIANCE

Frontload compliance Optimize through Simulation & Granular synthesis & Execute homologation test Test Prototype iterations on final design

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 37 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration Interior sound Interior

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation Industrialization

DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound Exterior sound Exterior Upfront compliance to standards Integration in production vehicle Unrestricted to© Siemenspedestrian 2020 warning system Real-time sound tuning Minimum noise certification Page 38 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software From Development to Production Transfer to Tier-1 audio HW & final tuning

Tier 1 audio

Tier-1 audio HW runs In-vehicle one of following chips tuning TL SD TL SD tuning

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 39 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software Warning sounds for AVAS Pass the minimum pass-by noise threshold

• Test in full confidence according to standard UNECE R138 • Testlab talks language of the standards, guided from set-up to report • Supported both in-room or exterior

Stopped condition

Microphones at 2m

Frequency shift

Slow speed cruise Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 Page 40 2020-06-16 Siemens Digital Industries Software DESIGN VALIDATE & TUNE DEPLOY From brand sound to drivable sound model Validation in the vehicle Integration in production vehicle Granular synthesis | Order synthesis Real-time sound tuning Ready for mass production

Brand sound Active sound In-vehicle Sound quality Audio amplifier Vehicle audio

exploration model creation validation analysis tuning integration Interior sound Interior

Brand sound AVAS model Frontloading In-vehicle AVAS Vehicle Regulation AVAS exploration creation compliance tuning integration validation Industrialization

Simcenter Engineering services complement the Hard- and Software offering with dedicated Services for AVAS and Interior Active Sound Enhancement

Modular offering: • Onsite commissioning and user training • Branding, Benchmarking, SQ Analysis and Target Sound Services Definition • Development of base sound profiles • In-vehicle Tuning and Evaluation Workshops • Final Validation and Certification for AVAS