Peter K. Endress 2,4 and James A. Doyle 3
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Cretaceous Blog
A Quick Look at the Cretaceous World David Lillis – 13 May 2020 e-mail: [email protected] The Extent of the Cretaceous The Cretaceous Period began about 144 million years ago and terminated with the well- known asteroid impact some 66 million years ago. Geologists subdivide it into 12 stages, each defined by particular rock formations, fossils and sediments at a specific locality called the type area. Several of these type areas are located in France (e.g. Cognac, France, is the type area for the Coniacian Stage). These stages lasted for several million years each, and much geological, climatic and evolutionary change took place within each of them. Figure 1 gives the time frames of the twelve Cretaceous stages. Figure 1: The Cretaceous and its twelve stages The Cretaceous stages vary in duration but average somewhat less than seven million years. The Aptian stage has the greatest duration, at about 12 million years; while the shortest stage is the Santonian, at below three million years. The final stage is known as the Maastrichtian (approximately 6.1 million years in duration), the stage that ended with the famous asteroid impact and mass extinction of dinosaurs and other life forms. Significant rock formations or the earliest appearance of particular organisms define both the lower and upper boundaries of these stages. For example, one marker for the base of the Maastrichtrian is the earliest occurrence of a marine mollusc, the ammonite Pachydiscus fresvillensis. 1 Figure 2 shows a fossilised Pachydiscus fresvillensis from Madagascar, dated at about 69 million years. Figure 2: A Pachydiscus fresvillensis fossil, about 69 million years old The Cretaceous lies within the Mesozoic Era, which we can think of as the age of dinosaurs. -
The Ancestral Flower of Angiosperms and Its Early Diversification
The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Sauquet, H., M. von Balthazar, S. Magallón, J. A. Doyle, P. K. Endress, E. J. Bailes, E. Barroso de Morais, et al. 2017. “The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification.” Nature Communications 8 (1): 16047. doi:10.1038/ncomms16047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16047. Published Version doi:10.1038/ncomms16047 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34375361 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ARTICLE Received 1 Nov 2016 | Accepted 18 May 2017 | Published 1 Aug 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16047 OPEN The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification Herve´ Sauquet1, Maria von Balthazar2, Susana Magallo´n3, James A. Doyle4, Peter K. Endress5, Emily J. Bailes6, Erica Barroso de Morais5, Kester Bull-Heren˜u7, Laetitia Carrive1, Marion Chartier2, Guillaume Chomicki8, Mario Coiro5, Raphae¨l Cornette9, Juliana H.L. El Ottra10, Cyril Epicoco1, Charles S.P. Foster11, Florian Jabbour9, Agathe Haevermans9, Thomas Haevermans9, Rebeca Herna´ndez3, Stefan A. Little1, Stefan Lo¨fstrand2, Javier A. Luna12, Julien Massoni13, Sophie Nadot1, Susanne Pamperl2, Charlotte Prieu1, Elisabeth Reyes1, Patrı´cia dos Santos14, Kristel M. Schoonderwoerd15, Susanne Sontag2, Anae¨lle Soulebeau9, Yannick Staedler2, Georg F. Tschan16, Amy Wing-Sze Leung17 &Ju¨rg Scho¨nenberger2 Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and a series of important palaeobotanical dis- coveries have revolutionized our understanding of angiosperm diversification. -
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Colección De Paleobotánica
MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Colección de Paleobotánica ÁLVAREZ RAMIS, C. 1964. Contribución al estudio de la Flora Carbonífera de Tineo (Asturias). Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 9: 163-168. ÁLVAREZ RAMIS, C. 1966. Trabajos sobre la flora del Estefaniense cantabroastúrico. Acta Geológica Hispánica, 1 (2): 19-20. AREITIO y LARRINAGA, A. 1873. Materiales para la flora fósil de España. Anales de la Sociedad española de Historia Natural, 2: 379-383. AREITIO y LARRINAGA, A. 1874. Enumeración de plantas fósiles españolas. Anales de la Sociedad española de Historia Natural, 3: 225-259. BARRÓN, E. 1992. Presencia de Fraxinus excelsior Linné (Oleaceae, Gentianales) en el Mioceno superior de la Depresión Ceretana. Implicaciones tafonómicas y paleoecológicas. Revista Española de paleontología, 7 (2): 101-108. BARRÓN, E. 1993. Taphonomic studies of the plant remains from the Ceretana Basin (Lérida, Spain). Kaupia, 2: 127-132. BARRÓN, E. 1995. Estudio tafonómico y análisis paleoecológico de la macro y microflora miocena de la Cuenca de la Cerdaña. Tesis Doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 714 págs. Láms. I-XXIX. BARRÓN, E. 1996. Caracterización de la familia Betulaceae S. F. Gray (Magnopliophyta) en el Vallesiense (Neógeno) de la Cerdanya (Lleida, España). Treballs del Museu de Geología de Barcelona, 5: 171-211 BARRÓN, E. 1996. Caracterización del género Acer L. en el vallesiense de la Cerdaña (Lérida, España). Boletín Geológico y Minero, 107 (1): 38-54. BARRÓN, E. 1996. El paragénero Daphnogene Unger (Lauraceae) en el Oligoceno de Izarra (Alava). Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava, 10-11: 45-52. -
Pseudoasterophyllites Cretaceus from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of the Czech Republic: a Possible Link Between Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllum
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Pseudoasterophyllites cretaceus from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of the Czech Republic: a possible link between Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllum Kvaček, Jiří ; Doyle, James A ; Endress, Peter K ; Daviero-Gomez, Véronique ; Gomez, Bernard ; Tekleva, Maria Abstract: Pseudoasterophyllites cretaceus from the Cenomanian of Bohemia was recently recognized as an angiosperm by association with stamens containing monosulcate pollen of the Tucanopollis type. New material indicates that the stamens were borne in short spikes, with each stamen subtended by a bract, whereas the carpels were solitary and contained a single pendent, orthotropous ovule. We have inves- tigated the phylogenetic position of Pseudoasterophyllites by including it in a morphological analysis of extant angiosperms using backbone constraint trees that represent the current range of hypotheses on relationships of the five mesangiosperm clades. With a backbone tree in which Chloranthaceae are linked with magnoliids and Ceratophyllum with eudicots, the most parsimonious position of Pseudoasterophyl- lites is sister to Chloranthaceae, but a sister-group relationship to Ceratophyllum is only one step less parsimonious. With a backbone tree in which Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllum form a clade, Pseu- doasterophyllites is sister to Ceratophyllum, based on derived features shared with both Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllum plus solitary female flowers (as -
Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and Their Evolutionary Implications
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d58r5r0 Journal Botanical Review, 84(2) ISSN 0006-8101 Authors Doyle, JA Endress, PK Publication Date 2018-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. Doyle & Peter K. Endress The Botanical Review ISSN 0006-8101 Volume 84 Number 2 Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156-202 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156–202 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. -
This Might Be the First Flowering Plant in Earth's History the Plant Grew 125 to 130 Million Years Ago
This Might Be the First Flowering Plant in Earth's History The plant grew 125 to 130 million years ago Indiana University scientist David Dilcher and fellow paleobotanists at research institutes in Europe believe to have found the first flowering plant ever to grow on Earth. Well, either that or at least one of the earliest ever documented. The newly identified species, named Montsechia vidalii and described in a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science this Monday, grew on our planet around 125 to 130 million years ago. Interestingly, it didn't really produce flowers According to David Dilcher and his colleagues, Montsechia vidalii was an aquatic plant, its preferred habitat freshwater lakes in present-day Spain. Based on fossil evidence, the researchers suspect the plant was a dominant species in these bodies of water. What's interesting is that, although an angiosperm, i.e. a fruiting plant, the now extinct Montsechia vidalii did not produce flowers per se. Rather, it managed to form the fruits containing its seeds without having to first bloom. “Montsechia possesses no obvious 'flower parts,' such as petals or nectar-producing structures for attracting insects, and lives out its entire life cycle under water,” researcher David Dilcher said in an interview, as cited by Phys Org. The reason the paleobotanists are describing Montsechia vidalii as one of the earliest flowering plants on Earth - if not the first ever - is because, to biologists, all plants that deliver their seeds inside fruits count as flowering ones. Mind you, the plant has competition to the title David Dilcher and his colleagues might like to think of Montsechia vidalii as the earliest angiosperm ever to grown and breed on Earth, but the fact of the matter is there are other contender to this title. -
The Palaeontology Newsletter
The Palaeontology Newsletter Contents 90 Editorial 2 Association Business 3 Association Meetings 11 News 14 From our correspondents Legends of Rock: Marie Stopes 22 Behind the scenes at the Museum 25 Kinds of Blue 29 R: Statistical tests Part 3 36 Rock Fossils 45 Adopt-A-Fossil 48 Ethics in Palaeontology 52 FossilBlitz 54 The Iguanodon Restaurant 56 Future meetings of other bodies 59 Meeting Reports 64 Obituary: David M. Raup 79 Grant and Bursary Reports 81 Book Reviews 103 Careering off course! 111 Palaeontology vol 58 parts 5 & 6 113–115 Papers in Palaeontology vol 1 parts 3 & 4 116 Virtual Palaeontology issues 4 & 5 117–118 Annual Meeting supplement >120 Reminder: The deadline for copy for Issue no. 91 is 8th February 2016. On the Web: <http://www.palass.org/> ISSN: 0954-9900 Newsletter 90 2 Editorial I watched the press conference for the publication on the new hominin, Homo naledi, with rising incredulity. The pomp and ceremony! The emotion! I wondered why all of these people were so invested just because it was a new fossil species of something related to us in the very recent past. What about all of the other new fossil species that are discovered every day? I can’t imagine an international media frenzy, led by deans and vice chancellors amidst a backdrop of flags and flashbulbs, over a new species of ammonite. Most other fossil discoveries and publications of taxonomy are not met with such fanfare. The Annual Meeting is a time for sharing these discoveries, many of which will not bring the scientists involved international fame, but will advance our science and push the boundaries of our knowledge and understanding. -
Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms
EA40CH13-Doyle ARI 23 March 2012 14:10 Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms James A. Doyle Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2012. 40:301–26 Keywords The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is Cretaceous, molecular systematics, paleobotany, palynology, phylogeny online at earth.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: Abstract 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105313 Molecular data on relationships within angiosperms confirm the view that Copyright c 2012 by Annual Reviews. their increasing morphological diversity through the Cretaceous reflected All rights reserved by b-on: Universidade de Evora (UEvora) on 09/05/12. For personal use only. their evolutionary radiation. Despite the early appearance of aquatics and 0084-6597/12/0530-0301$20.00 groups with simple flowers, the record is consistent with inferences from Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2012.40:301-326. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org molecular trees that the first angiosperms were woody plants with pinnately veined leaves, multiparted flowers, uniovulate ascidiate carpels, and columel- lar monosulcate pollen. Molecular data appear to refute the hypothesis based on morphology that angiosperms and Gnetales are closest living relatives. Morphological analyses of living and fossil seed plants that assume molec- ular relationships identify glossopterids, Bennettitales, and Caytonia as an- giosperm relatives; these results are consistent with proposed homologies be- tween the cupule of glossopterids and Caytonia and the angiosperm bitegmic ovule. Jurassic molecular dates for the angiosperms may be reconciled with the fossil record if the first angiosperms were restricted to wet forest under- story habitats and did not radiate until the Cretaceous. -
The Fossil Record and Evolution of Freshwater Plants: a Review
Geologica Acta, Vol.1, Nº4, 2003, 315-338 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com The fossil record and evolution of freshwater plants: A review C. MARTÍN-CLOSAS Departament d’Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geología, Universitat de Barcelona c/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Palaeobotany applied to freshwater plants is an emerging field of palaeontology. Hydrophytic plants reveal evo- lutionary trends of their own, clearly distinct from those of the terrestrial and marine flora. During the Precam- brian, two groups stand out in the fossil record of freshwater plants: the Cyanobacteria (stromatolites) in benthic environments and the prasinophytes (leiosphaeridian acritarchs) in transitional planktonic environments. During the Palaeozoic, green algae (Chlorococcales, Zygnematales, charophytes and some extinct groups) radiated and developed the widest range of morphostructural patterns known for these groups. Between the Permian and Early Cretaceous, charophytes dominated macrophytic associations, with the consequence that over tens of mil- lions of years, freshwater flora bypassed the dominance of vascular plants on land. During the Early Creta- ceous, global extension of the freshwater environments is associated with diversification of the flora, including new charophyte families and the appearance of aquatic angiosperms and ferns for the first time. Mesozoic planktonic assemblages retained their ancestral composition that was dominated by coenobial Chlorococcales, until the appearance of freshwater dinoflagellates in the Early Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous, freshwater angiosperms dominated almost all macrophytic communities worldwide. The Tertiary was characterised by the diversification of additional angiosperm and aquatic fern lineages, which resulted in the first differentiation of aquatic plant biogeoprovinces. -
Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: a Review of Their Structure and Systematics
Annals of Botany 84: 725–739, 1999 Article No. anbo.1999.0975, available online at http:\\www.idealibrary.com on Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: A Review of their Structure and Systematics CHRISTINA J. PRYCHID and PAULA J. RUDALL Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK Received: 11 May 1999 Returned for Revision: 23 June 1999 Accepted: 16 August 1999 Three main types of calcium oxalate crystal occur in monocotyledons: raphides, styloids and druses, although intermediates are sometimes recorded. The presence or absence of the different crystal types may represent ‘useful’ taxonomic characters. For instance, styloids are characteristic of some families of Asparagales, notably Iridaceae, where raphides are entirely absent. The presence of styloids is therefore a synapomorphy for some families (e.g. Iridaceae) or groups of families (e.g. Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae and Haemodoraceae). This paper reviews and presents new data on the occurrence of these crystal types, with respect to current systematic investigations on the monocotyledons. # 1999 Annals of Botany Company Key words: Calcium oxalate, crystals, raphides, styloids, druses, monocotyledons, systematics, development. 1980b). They may represent storage forms of calcium and INTRODUCTION oxalic acid, and there has been some evidence of calcium Most plants have non-cytoplasmic inclusions, such as starch, oxalate resorption in times of calcium depletion (Arnott and tannins, silica bodies and calcium oxalate crystals, in some Pautard, 1970; Sunell and Healey, 1979). They could also of their cells. Calcium oxalate crystals are widespread in act as simple depositories for metabolic wastes which would flowering plants, including both dicotyledons and mono- otherwise be toxic to the cell or tissue. -
On Montsechia, an Angiospermoid Plant from the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain: New Data and Interpretations
Acta Palaeobotanica 51(2): 181–205, 2011 On Montsechia, an angiospermoid plant from the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain: new data and interpretations VALENTIN KRASSILOV Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2011; accepted for publication 20 October 2011 ABSTRACT. Montsechia from the Las Hoyas Locality, Cuenca, Spain, previously described as a fl oating plant with whorled leaves is re-interpreted as having a dimorphic long shoot – short shoot branching system with heterophyllous elongate and scaly leaves. The stomata and trichomes are observed in the scaly leaves. The growth habit is interpreted as heloxerophytic over the coastal marshland habitats. The ovulate cupules are terminal on the reproductive short shoots and contain a solitary ovule. Pollen grains are occasionally found on the nucellus betraying a gymnospermous pollination mode. The pollen tube morphology is like in gnetophytes and angiosperms. Some seed-like structures on scale leaves and bud cataphylls contain larval remains and are interpreted as nematode galls. The taxonomic affi nities of Montsechia are with the helophytic proangiosperms, in particular the Baisiales. The Montsechia – Montsechites (“Ranunculus”) assemblage of Montsec and La Hoyas is comparable to the mid-Cretaceous proangiosperm assemblages of Transbaikalia, Mongolia and eastern China. KEYWORDS: Montsechia, early angiosperm, proangiosperms, nematode galls, Cretaceous, Las Hoyas locality, Spain INTRODUCTION The pre-Albian angiosperm records are of great has remained controversial ever since. This interest bearing on the problem of angiosperm paper reports on my further results concern- origin and the rates of initial angiosperm evolu- ing growth form and reproductive structures, tion. -
A Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), with Reference to Character Evolution and Subgeneric Recognition
ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71 (2): 103–128 (2020) doi: 10.18942/apg.201923 A Large-scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), with Reference to Character Evolution and Subgeneric Recognition 1,* 2 1 3 HIROSHI NODA , JUN YAMASHITA , SHIZUKA FUSE , RACHUN POOMA , 3 1 1 MANOP POOPATH , HIROSHI TOBE AND MINORU N. TAMURA 1Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence); 2Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; 3The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) is a diverse genus of more than 600 species. To understand relationships and character evolution within the genus, 273 samples from 183 species (including 28 newly sequenced spe- cies) based on four cpDNA regions were analyzed phylogenetically. The phylogenetic tree obtained com- prised eleven well-supported major clades, most of which further consisted of more than two subclades. Comparisons with previously proposed infrageneric taxa (23 to 58 sections and associated ‘genera’) showed that some sections/‘genera’ are monophyletic and others polyphyletic. As in previous studies, ‘D. sect. Stenophora’ was sister to the rest of the genus. The present analyses of character state distribution on the tree confirmed that D‘ . sect. Stenophora’ is characterized by having rhizomes, monosulcate pollen and a diploid chromosome number based on x = 10 (plesiomorphies), whereas the rest of the genus has tubers and bisulcate pollen (apomorphies), but is diverse in regard to chromosome number, stem twining direction, fruit types and seed wing morphology.