PCAOB February 2006 SAG Meeting Briefing Paper
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Drafting and Enforcing Complex Indemnification Provisions
Drafting And Enforcing Complex Indemnification Provisions D. Hull D. Hull Youngblood, Jr. and Peter N. Flocos Youngblood, Jr. is a partner in the Forget about copy and paste. The best indem Austin, Texas office nification provisions start with the details of of K&L Gates LLP. Mr. Youngblood the transaction. focuses his practice on government contracting, the security industry and com plex THE PURPOSE of this article is to assist transactional financial transactions, and regularly represents and litigation attorneys in the negotiation and drafting clients in a wide array of local, state, and federal of customized, and therefore more effective, indemnifi- contracting transactions and disputes. He can be cation provisions in a wide range of situations, and also reached at [email protected]. to spot certain litigation issues that may arise out of in- demnification provisions. This article will identify issues Peter N. and strategies and suggested language that can act as a Flocos starting point to protect the client’s interests in the area is a partner in the of indemnification in complex transactions and litigation. New York City Readers should note that this article is for informational office of K&L Gates purposes, does not contain or convey legal advice, and LLP. Mr. Flocos, may or may not reflect the views of the authors’ firm or who began his any particular client or affiliate of that firm. The infor- legal career as mation herein should not be used or relied upon in regard a transactional lawyer and then to any particular facts or circumstances without first con- became a litigator, sulting a lawyer. -
Unconscionability in Contracts Between Merchants
SMU Law Review Volume 40 Issue 4 Article 4 1986 Unconscionability in Contracts between Merchants Jane P. Mallor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr Recommended Citation Jane P. Mallor, Unconscionability in Contracts between Merchants, 40 SW L.J. 1065 (1986) https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr/vol40/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in SMU Law Review by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. UNCONSCIONABILITY IN CONTRACTS BETWEEN MERCHANTS by Jane P. Mallor* HE doctrine of unconscionabilityl has played a role in Anglo-Ameri- can contract law since at least the eighteenth century. 2 In the past twenty years, however, the doctrine has enjoyed an ascendancy that could scarcely have been dreamed of by the chancellors in equity who first employed the doctrine. 3 Its codification in section 2-302 of the Uniform Commercial Code of almost all states,4 and its adoption and application by courts in a wide variety of cases outside the scope of the Uniform Commer- cial Code,5 have brought unconscionability into the forefront of modem American contract law. * B.A., J.D., Indiana University. Associate Professor of Business Law, Indiana Univer- sity School of Business. 1. "Unconscionability is the rubric under which the judiciary may refuse to enforce un- fair or oppressive contracts in the absence of fraud or illegality." Stanley A. Klopp, Inc. v. John Deere Co., 510 F. Supp. -
50 State Survey(Longdoc)
AGREEMENTS TO INDEMNIFY & GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE: A Fifty State Survey WEINBERG WHEELER H U D G I N S G U N N & D I A L TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Alabama 4 Alaska 7 Arizona 12 Arkansas 15 California 19 Damages arising out of bodily injury or death to persons. 22 Damage to property. 22 Any other damage or expense arising under either (a) or (b). 22 Colorado 23 Connecticut 26 Delaware 29 Florida 32 Georgia 36 Hawaii 42 Idaho 45 Illinois 47 Indiana 52 Iowa 59 Kansas 65 Kentucky 68 Louisiana 69 Maine 72 Maryland 77 Massachusetts 81 Michigan 89 Minnesota 91 Mississippi 94 Missouri 97 Montana 100 Nebraska 104 Nevada 107 New Hampshire 109 New Jersey 111 New Mexico 115 New York 118 North Carolina 122 North Dakota 124 Ohio 126 Oklahoma 130 Oregon 132 Pennsylvania 139 Rhode Island 143 South Carolina 146 South Dakota 150 Tennessee 153 Texas 157 Utah 161 Vermont 165 Virginia 168 Washington 171 West Virginia 175 Wisconsin 177 Wyoming 180 INTRODUCTION Indemnity is compensation given to make another whole from a loss already sustained. It generally contemplates reimbursement by one person or entity of the entire amount of the loss or damage sustained by another. Indemnity takes two forms – common law and contractual. While this survey is limited to contractual indemnity, it is important to note that many states have looked to the law relating to common law indemnity in developing that state’s jurisprudence respecting contractual indemnity. Common law indemnity is the shifting of responsibility for damage or injury from one tortfeasor to another -
Back to Basics Professional Indemnity Construction and Engineering
Back to Basics Professional Indemnity Construction and Engineering womblebonddickinson.com Version 2 1 Contents Introduction Part A Understanding construction contracts and claims Construction contracts 5 Completion of construction works 7 Claims in construction projects 8 Part B Key legal principles behind professional indemnity claims in construction projects Contract vs. common law 11 Contractual “standard of care” ... and what it actually means 14 Transferring obligations in construction projects 15 What you need to establish to bring a claim 16 Summary of main dispute resolution forums 17 Insurance 19 Experts 20 Reduce the risk 21 Introduction Welcome to the Back to “‘One of the best firms out Basics booklet on there’... ‘a real pleasure to construction and work with’ according to engineering professional clients, who praise its ‘first-rate services’ and its indemnity issues. ‘perfect combination of The aim of the booklet is to assist intelligence, tactical those who are relatively new to prowess and personality’.” construction and engineering professional indemnity, or for those Legal 500 2018 who would benefit from a quick reminder of some key points. “Incredible. In terms of I hope you will find the material reporting, they’re well Hannah Cane useful. Of course, please do not Partner hesitate to contact me, or the rest of aware of what the market the team, should you have any requires. They’re questions. commercial, straightforward and can see the bigger picture. They know what direction to steer the claimant in.” Chambers and Partners UK Guide 2018 womblebonddickinson.com Version 2 3 Part A Understanding construction contracts and claims womblebonddickinson.com Version 2 4 Construction contracts The most common procurement methods are Traditional Parties and Design & Build. -
Indemnity: "Pass-Through" Provisions
Indemnity: "Pass-Through" Provisions January 2005 by: James Donohue, Esq. and Edward M. Koch, Esq. Overlooking the subtle nuances of indemnity provisions in a proposed contract is a common—and often costly—mistake. Parties eager to win a bid often look past contract language which can require them to pay not only for their own mistakes, but for those of another party, too. (For more background on indemnity, see, “Who Pays For Your Mistakes”, Executive Newsletter, Fall 2004, located in the Publications Section of www.whiteandwilliams.com). For matters being decided under Pennsylvania law, a recent Supreme Court decision illuminates a previously dim region of the indemnity landscape. In Bernotas v. Super Fresh Food Markets, Inc., the Court substantially abrogates the use of so-called “pass-through,” “conduit,” or “flow-through” indemnification provisions that are common in construction subcontracts. Under the Supreme Court’s decision, “passthrough” indemnification provisions will only be valid if the indemnification obligation is stated in clear and unequivocal terms. Form book or cut-and-paste boilerplate won’t do. INDEMNIFICATION, GENERALLY Indemnification refers to one party’s obligation to pay for the liability of another for certain specified events. The source of this obligation can be either through the common law or, as addressed by the Supreme Court in Bernotas, through contract. Historically, Pennsylvania courts have closely scrutinized contractual indemnification provisions. For example, one could seek indemnity from another for one’s own negligence, but general indemnity language was insufficient to affect this end. Instead, a clear and unequivocal statement of indemnification for one’s own negligence had to be clearly spelled-out in the contract provision in order for it to be effective under Pennsylvania law. -
Audit Committees and Auditor Independence Brochure
relationships with the company, its officers, directors or significant Change of Independent Auditors shareholders. Thus, audit committees should consider whether the company The auditor generally must be independent for has implemented processes that identify the entire engagement period and the period such prohibited relationships. covered by the financial statements being audited. Once this relationship is terminated, z Certain Financial Relationships. Audit there is no continuing requirement for the auditor committees should be aware that certain to remain independent. The auditor may financial relationships between the generally re-issue its former opinions on the company and the independent auditor company’s financial statements. However, if a are prohibited. These include creditor/ restatement of the financial statements becomes debtor relationships, banking, broker- necessary, the auditor must be independent to dealer, futures commission merchant audit the restatement adjustments and re-issue its accounts, insurance products and opinion. Further, if the Board is contemplating or interests in investment companies. plans a change in auditors, the audit committee Communications Between the Audit must consider whether the prospective firm will be independent during the audit engagement period. Committee and the Independent Auditor That is, the prospective firm must cease all Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 prohibited services and/or sever all prohibited AUDIT COMMITTEES AND requires that the auditor disclose to the audit relationships with the issuer prior to the beginning AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE committee in writing all relationships between of the audit engagement period. Therefore, the the audit firm and the company that may audit committee should consider these issues reasonably be thought to bear on the audit firm’s before hiring a predecessor auditor or a independence. -
Misrepresentation: the Pitfalls of Pre-Contract Statements
inbrief Misrepresentation: the pitfalls of pre-contract statements Inside What makes a misrepresentation actionable? Causes of action Remedies Risk management Practical tips inbrief Introduction Prior to the conclusion of a contract What makes a misrepresentation complete the work in the stated timescale. parties will often make statements actionable? However, the statement of opinion carries with it an implied representation of fact, namely that to each other - during negotiations, There are various conditions that must be satisfied the supplier in fact held such an opinion. In an in tender documents and in a variety to make a misrepresentation actionable: appropriate context, it also carries with it an of other ways. Most pre-contract implied representation of fact that the supplier 1. There must be a statement by the statements are carefully considered. had reasonable grounds for holding that representor or his agent. The statement But sometimes statements are made opinion and perhaps also the further implied can be oral, written or by conduct. which are false or misleading. When representation that it had carried out a proper false statements induce an innocent 2. The statement must be a statement of fact analysis of the amount of time needed to (as opposed to a statement of opinion or complete the work. Proving that those implied party to enter into a contract the future intention). representations of fact were false would in consequences can be serious. principle lead to liability in misrepresentation. 3. The representation must be made to the The purpose of this guide is to representee or to a class of which the The key point is that actionable consider the litigation risks generated representee is a member. -
An Overview of Indemnification and the Duty to Defend
AN OVERVIEW OF INDEMNIFICATION AND THE DUTY TO DEFEND Indemnification & Duty to Defend Subcommittee, ACEC Risk Management Committee Subcommittee Chair Theodore D. Levin, P.E., Attorney Morris Polich & Purdy LLP Subcommittee Members Karen Erger, Vice President, Director of Practice Risk Management Lockton Companies, Inc. Albert Rabasca, Director of Industry Relations XL Specialty Insurance Company Homer Sandridge, Underwriting Director, Professional Liability Travelers Insurance Creighton Sebra, Attorney Morris Polich & Purdy, LLP Principles and History One of the most basic principles of tort law is that every person should be responsible for damage that they have caused. Many states have reduced this concept to statute, each stating almost word for word that “Indemnity is a contract by which one engages to save another from a legal consequence of the conduct of one of the parties, or of some other person.”1 In many lawsuits, a plaintiff’s damages are caused by the convergence of several contributing factors originating from several different sources. To give one common example, a plaintiff homeowner alleging property damages resulting from construction defects may assert claims in one lawsuit against any of the diverse parties that contributed various scopes of work to the project, including the general contractor, subcontractors and trades that contributed to the defective work, as well as design professionals such as civil engineers, architects, and structural engineers. To put it even more bluntly, the owner files one suit against everyone in sight. In practice, however, the plaintiff more often merely sues the party or parties with whom he or she contracted, and lets the named defendant(s) do the legwork to identify and sue other parties that may also be responsible. -
Supervisory Insights
Supervisory Insights Devoted to Advancing the Practice of Bank Supervision Vol. 3, Issue 2 Winter 2006 Inside Incident Response Programs Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices Understanding BSA Violations Commercial Real Estate Underwriting Practices Auditor Independence Supervisory Insights Supervisory Insights is published by the Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to promote sound principles and best practices for bank supervision. Sheila C. Bair Chairman, FDIC Sandra L. Thompson Director, Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection Journal Executive Board George French, Deputy Director and Executive Editor Christopher J. Spoth, Senior Deputy Director John M. Lane, Deputy Director Robert W. Mooney, Acting Deputy Director William A. Stark, Deputy Director John F. Carter, Regional Director Doreen Eberley, Acting Regional Director Stan R. Ivie, Regional Director James D. LaPierre, Regional Director Sylvia H. Plunkett, Regional Director Mark S. Schmidt, Regional Director Journal Staff Bobbie Jean Norris Managing Editor Christy C. Jacobs Financial Writer Eloy A. Villafranca Financial Writer Supervisory Insights is available online by visiting the FDIC’s website at www.fdic.gov. To provide comments or suggestions for future articles, to request permission to reprint individual articles, or to request print copies, send an e-mail to [email protected]. The views expressed in Supervisory Insights are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In particular, articles should not be construed as defini- tive regulatory or supervisory guidance. Some of the information used in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable. -
Factors Affecting Internal Audit Independence: a Case Study of Technical University of Mombasa
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.6, No.6, 2014 Factors Affecting Internal Audit Independence: A Case Study of Technical University of Mombasa Thuweba Ndunge Kimotho Department of Commerce and Economics, School of Human Resources Development, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 81310, Code 80100, Mombasa E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The main objective of the study was to establish the factors affecting internal audit independence at the Technical University of Mombasa and the various variables that compromised it. Literature review has been conducted on the various independent variables that affect the dependent variable. A descriptive technique was used as the research design. The sampling procedure that was used is stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaire and it was purely quantitative. Data collected was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) and the findings of the study has been presented in pie charts, bar graphs, diagrams and figures. Tables were used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. The study concluded that internal audit independence is crucial to the institution to help to enhance accountability and performance the institution by its employees. Keywords: Accountability, Audit, Independence, Governance. 1.0 Background Information and purpose Independence has been described as “avoidance of situations which would tend to impair objectivity or permit personal bias to influence delicate judgment” (Carey et al., 1966). -
Recent Auditor Independence Cases Suggest SEC's 'Operation Broken Gate'
Securities Regulation & Law Report™ Reproduced with permission from Securities Regulation & Law Report, 46 SRLR 2415, 12/22/2014. Copyright 2014 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (800-372-1033) http://www.bna.com ENFORCEMENT Recent Auditor Independence Cases Suggest SEC’s ‘‘Operation Broken Gate’’ Is in Full Swing same time, the Director of the Enforcement Division previewed a renewed ‘‘focus on auditors’’ and, in par- ticular, independence violations.3 And in February, the SEC’s then-Chief Accountant also emphasized that au- ditor independence was a particular concern for the SEC staff.4 The last 18 months of enforcement activity demon- strate that the SEC was not bluffing. As set forth below, the SEC has recently filed multiple auditor indepen- dence cases and released a detailed report with warn- ings for firms that loan staff to their audit clients. Ac- counting firms should note the enforcement activity. BY MATTHEW P. BOSHER s the glut of financial crisis cases approaches the A. Overview of the SEC’s Auditor end of the pipeline, the SEC and other regulators Independence Rules A have inevitably shifted their attention to different targets. At least one of those new targets is an old one: 1 First, a quick refresher on the SEC’s independence accounting firms. rules. Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X requires auditors to In October 2013, SEC Chair Mary Jo White an- be independent of their SEC audit clients, both in ap- nounced the launch of ‘‘Operation Broken Gate’’—‘‘an initiative to identify auditors who neglect their duties 3 and the required auditing standards.’’2 Around the Ceresny speech, see note 1, supra. -
In This Issue Are Contractual Indemnity Agreements Contracts of Insurance?
Winter 2008-2009 Volume 9, Number 3 IN THIS ISSUE Are Contractual Indemnity Agreements Contracts Of Insurance? My Policy, My Choice?—Insureds, Insurers & Selection of Counsel The Texas MDL Statute and Insurance Litigation Official publication of the Insurance Law Section of the State Bar of Texas THE INSURANCE LAW SECTION OF THE STATE BAR OF TEXAS Officers 2008-2009 Council Members 2008-2009 CHAIR: (2 YR TER M EXP 2009) (2 YR TER M EXP 2010) EXE C UTIVE DIRE C TOR BRIAN S. MARTIN BRIAN L. BLAKELEY DAVI D H. BRO W N DONNA J. PA ss ON S Thompson, Coe, Cousins & Blakeley & Reynolds, P.C. Brown & Kornegay LLP Texas Institute of CLE Irons, L.L.P. 1250 NE Loop 410, Suite 420 2777 Allen Parkway P.O. Box 4646 One Riverway, Suite 1600 San Antonio, TX 78209 Suite 977 Austin, TX 78765 Houston, TX 77056 Email: [email protected] Houston, TX 77019 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] (2 YR TER M EXP 2009) PU B LI C ATION S DIRE C TOR CHAIR ELECT: WILLIA M J. CHRI ss (2 YR TER M EXP 2010) CHRI S TOPHER MARTIN BETH D. BRA D LEY Texas Center for Legal Ethics & JANET K. COLANERI Martin, Disiere, Jefferson & Wis- Tollefson Bradley Ball & Mitchell, Professionalism The Colaneri Firm, P.C. dom, L.L.P. LLP Ethics and Professionalism 2221 E. Lamar Blvd., Suite 620 808 Travis, Suite 1800 2811 McKinney Avenue, Suite 250 Texas Law Center Arlington, TX 76006 Houston, TX 77002 Dallas, TX 75204-2530 P.O.