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Research Terms of Reference Returns and Durable Solutions (Reds) IRQ2004 Iraq

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Research Terms of Reference Returns and Durable Solutions (Reds) IRQ2004 Iraq Research Terms of Reference Returns and Durable Solutions (ReDS) IRQ2004 Iraq April 2021 Version 2 1. Executive Summary Country of Iraq intervention Type of Emergency □ Natural disaster X Conflict Type of Crisis □ Sudden onset □ Slow onset X Protracted Mandating Body/ BHA Agency Project Code 10AHG Overall Research Timeframe (from From March 1st 2021 till December 31st 2021 research design to final outputs / M&E) Research Timeframe1 1. Start collect data: 29 June 20212 5. Preliminary presentation: 4 August 2021 Add planned deadlines 2. Data collected: 5 July 2021 6. Outputs sent for validation: 12 August (for first cycle if more than 2021 1) 3. Data analysed: 18 July 2021 7. Outputs published: 2 September 2021 4. Data sent for validation: 19 July 2021 8. Final presentation: 28 September 2021 Number of □ Single assessment (one cycle) assessments X Multi assessment (more than one cycle) First assessment from 29 June 2021 to 5 June 20213 At least 6 assessments till the end of December 2021. Humanitarian Milestone Deadline4 milestones X Donor plan/strategy First quarter of 2022 Specify what will the X Inter-cluster plan/strategy Last quarter of 2022 assessment inform and Returns Working Group when □ Cluster plan/strategy _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ e.g. The shelter cluster X will use this data to draft NGO platform plan/strategy First quarter of 2022 its Revised Flash Appeal; □ Other (Specify): _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ Audience Type & Audience type Dissemination Dissemination Specify X Strategic X General Product Mailing (e.g. mail to NGO consortium; HCT participants; Donors) who will the assessment X Programmatic inform and how you will X Cluster Mailing (Education, Shelter and WASH) 1 Tentative dates for the completion of final outputs. 2 The reported dates for data collection and analysis are defined for the first round only. Additional information is available upon request. 3 The assessment will roll on a monthly basis covering a new location each month. 4 Deadlines might be affected by the availability of key informants (KIs) which are identified by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). www.reach-initiative.org 0 Iraq Returns and Durable Solutions Assessment (ReDS), April 2021 disseminate to inform the □ Operational and presentation of findings at next cluster meeting audience □ [Other, Specify] X Presentation of findings (e.g. at HCT meeting; Cluster meeting) X Website Dissemination (Relief Web & REACH Resource Centre) □ [Other, Specify] Detailed □ Yes X No dissemination plan required General Objective The general objective of the assessment is to provide information on the context and conditions for durable solutions in areas experiencing recent returns and/or re-displacement, where existing data indicates that returns may be unsustainable. Specific Objective(s) Provide an understanding the effects of recent movement trends (i.e. returns, displacement, and secondary displacement) across different community displacement categories/groups in targeted areas, in relation to the pre-crisis context. Assess perceived intentions to move among all relevant community displacement categories/groups within the areas to identify potential risk of further instability, Assess how conditions in areas affected by recent or prospective returns or (re)displacement may impact the “sustainability of durable solutions”5. Identify any consequent shift in local social dynamics and power structures in terms of stakeholders and affected community displacement categories/groups following the recent movements. Explore conditions in the area in terms of community needs and interrelations and the viability of safe and dignified durable solutions, drawing from the IASC durable solutions framework related to the following: Community primary needs and access to services Social cohesion and community tensions Governance and security Research Questions 1. What is the current demographic profile of the area in terms of displacement status (i.e. returns, displacement, and secondary displacement, remainees, and host communities); and what recent movements (last 6 months) influenced the demographic profile of the area in terms of displacement status? What factors have enabled those movements? 2. What are the movement intentions of different population groups in the longer term (six months)? What factors have affected these intentions? 3. What are the perceptions of different population groups concerning the impact of: a) recent changes to the demographic profile of the area in terms of displacement status in the last six months? b) attempted/failed returns in the last six months? c) prospective returns in the next six months? 4. What are the local social dynamics, power structures and key stakeholders influencing governance and decision-making? What are the stakeholders influencing IDPs and returnees’ affairs in the area? 5. What are the perceptions of different populations – per displacement status - about conditions in the area regarding conduciveness to durable solutions6, and drivers for their instability and 5 Sustainability of durable solutions, specifically voluntary return, reintegration or local integration, means that conditions in the arriving areas (areas of origin for returnees or areas of displacement for internally displaced persons (IDPs)) ensure that individuals enjoy socio -economic stability and do not displace again. Those conditions will include: sense of safety and security, dignified access to basic and public assistance, access to livelihood and documentation, and reduced risks of aid dependency. www.reach-initiative.org 1 Iraq Returns and Durable Solutions Assessment (ReDS), April 2021 unsustainability, in the last 6 months? Geographic Coverage Geographic coverage is nationwide, focusing on areas that have been highlighted as ‘hotspots’ in which the severity of conditions around indicators for durable solutions has been identified as high7 (as per IOM data reported in IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)) that may threaten viability of return or (re)integration (through the IOM DTM Return Index), or where anecdotal reports or other data indicate that returns or recent (re)displacement may not be sustainable and/or may present social cohesion risks. Areas reported to have recent influx of returns and/or IDPs that have secondarily displaced will be prioritized. Areas will be selected for assessment based on triangulated data from the following sources: REACH MCNA durable solutions indicators highlighting difficult areas of return, as well as other data sources from the humanitarian community including IOM DTM Returns Index, and the National Protection Cluster’s emergency tracking of camp departures. The criteria identified for the prioritization of the target areas are: - Sub-districts where social cohesion severity is high; and/or - District of origin for IDPs in camps at risk of closure. - In addition, to reports from IOM, Returns Working Group (RWG) and relevant coordination platforms and forums in Iraq about prospective movement from/to those sub-districts. Once a sub-district is identified to be included in the area-coverage for ReDS, it will be selected based on consultations with the RWG, and aligned with the areas of interest for the Durable Solutions Technical Working Group’s (DSTWG) Area-Based Coordination Groups (ABCs). Secondary data • Population data (e.g. IOM DTM datasets for IDPs and returnees); sources • Data and reports from previous returns and displacement assessments (e.g. Access to durable solutions among IDPs in Iraq: Four years of displacement by IOM Iraq); • General background and context research on areas being targeted for assessment; • Geo-spatial data (e.g. UNOSAT satellite imagery); • Tools and Lessons Learned from previous projects; and, Relavent REACH Initiatives assessments (e.g. REACH in-camp IDP Areas of Origin Intentions Survey Dataset, April 2021; REACH Multi-Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) – Iraq, 2021; Informal Sites Profile and Intentions Survey, November and December 2020; and, the Area-Based Assessments (ABAs) done in 2021 in areas covered by ReDS). Population(s) □ IDPs in camp □ IDPs in informal sites Select all that apply X Out-of-camps IDPs in host communities X Out-of camps IDPs (originally from areas of assessment displaced elsewhere) □ Refugees in camp □ Refugees in informal sites □ Refugees in host communities □ Refugees [Other, Specify] X Host communities8 X Community leaders, subject matter experts (SMEs) and returnees9 Stratification X Geographical #: 6 sub- □ Group #: 510 □ [Other Specify] #: _ _ Select type(s) and enter districts based on Population size per strata is Population size per number of strata geographical known? No strata is known? □ Yes X No □ Yes □ No 6 In terms of household needs and access to services i.e. basic standards of living, livelihood opportunities, access to adequate shelter and effective mechanisms for restoring housing, land and property (HLP), documentation etc. and any demographic differentiation in access; social cohesion and community tensions i.e. prevalence of disputes within and between communities, feeling of safety, security, and freedom of movement, etc; and governance and security i.e. presence and dynamics of political groups and/or local security actors, access to judicial mechanisms, etc. 7 The severity of the conditions in locations of returns is defined as the DTM returns index methodology – DTM, Returns Index Methodology, May 2020 8 Represented by remainees (individuals who did not displace following the crisis in 2014). 9 Represented
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