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A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products European Version

IInternationalDP DiatomiteA Producers Association TABLE OF CONTENTS IInternationalDP DiatomiteA Producers Association 1. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH ...... 4 1.1. Natural Grades ...... 4 1.2. Calcined Grades ...... 4 1.3. Flux-Calcined Grades ...... 4 2. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH AND CRYSTALLINE SILICA ...... 5 2.1. Health Effects and DE ...... 5 2.2. Classication & Labelling ...... 6 2.3. REACH registration ...... 7 3. WORKPLACE LEGISLATION ...... 8 4. WORKING SAFELY WITH DIATOMACEOUS EARTH ...... 9 5. GOOD PRACTICES, IDPA SPECIFIC TASK SHEETS ...... 11 The members of the International Diatomite Producers Association (IDPA) representing diatomaceous earth producers are prepared to help the users of their products in reducing workers' exposure to process-generated respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and to inform them of the relevant good practices for their particular situations. This document is the industry guideline for complying with regulatory obligations in Europe.

The Guide provides an overview of diatomaceous earth: Its uses, potential health effects and good practices for the safe handling of these products, as well as links to relevant legislation and additional sources. It is not intended to cover all aspects of these products or replace their Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Users should always consult occupational health and safety professionals regarding exposure to, and control of, specic substances and materials in their individual workplaces.

Disclaimer:

This guide has been assembled by IDPA on the basis of publicly available information and documentation supplied by its members and advisors. IDPA does not, either towards IDPA members or third parties, either expressly or impliedly, represent, warrant or guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content and processes and methods it describes.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 2 3 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. TABLE OF CONTENTS IInternationalDP DiatomiteA Producers Association 1. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH ...... 4 1.1. Natural Grades ...... 4 1.2. Calcined Grades ...... 4 1.3. Flux-Calcined Grades ...... 4 2. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH AND CRYSTALLINE SILICA ...... 5 2.1. Health Effects and DE ...... 5 2.2. Classication & Labelling ...... 6 2.3. REACH registration ...... 7 3. WORKPLACE LEGISLATION ...... 8 4. WORKING SAFELY WITH DIATOMACEOUS EARTH ...... 9 5. GOOD PRACTICES, IDPA SPECIFIC TASK SHEETS ...... 11 The members of the International Diatomite Producers Association (IDPA) representing diatomaceous earth producers are prepared to help the users of their products in reducing workers' exposure to process-generated respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and to inform them of the relevant good practices for their particular situations. This document is the industry guideline for complying with regulatory obligations in Europe.

The Guide provides an overview of diatomaceous earth: Its uses, potential health effects and good practices for the safe handling of these products, as well as links to relevant legislation and additional sources. It is not intended to cover all aspects of these products or replace their Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Users should always consult occupational health and safety professionals regarding exposure to, and control of, specic substances and materials in their individual workplaces.

Disclaimer:

This guide has been assembled by IDPA on the basis of publicly available information and documentation supplied by its members and advisors. IDPA does not, either towards IDPA members or third parties, either expressly or impliedly, represent, warrant or guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content and processes and methods it describes.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 2 3 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. 1. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 1.1. Natural Grades 2. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH AND This Guide will concentrate on the potential health effects and exposure levels of Diatomaceous earth - also known as DE, Natural grade products are dried at relatively low CRYSTALLINE SILICA respirable crystalline silica, i.e. the diatomite, diatomaceous silica, kieselguhr and temperatures. These natural grade products are Diatomaceous earth is composed primarily of fraction corresponding to the proportion of an infusorial earth - is actually a non-metallic primarily made up of amorphous silica, but may amorphous silica. DE may also have a crystalline airborne contaminant which penetrates the mineral composed of the skeletal remains of contain small percentages of naturally occurring silica component which varies depending on ore pulmonary alveolar (gas exchange) region of microscopic single-celled aquatic called crystalline silica source and processing method. the lungs. This fraction normally represents . Diatomaceous earth as it naturally 1.2. Calcined Grades Crystalline silica minerals are among the most 10 to 20% of the inhalable dust fraction, but occurs is predominantly composed of abundant in the world and comprise over 12% of the proportion can vary considerably (see amorphous silica, that is, non-crystalline Calcined grade products are produced by the earth's crust. They exist in most types of European standard EN481) depending on the dioxide. It may also contain small amounts of calcining, or sintering, at higher temperatures, rock, sand, and soil, and most people come into range of DE products. naturally occurring crystalline silica, typically in typically up to 1000°C. During the calcination, contact with crystalline silica every day. The most the form of quartz. some of the amorphous silica may undergo a Chronic inhalation of dust containing crystalline physical mineralogical transformation to form common forms of crystalline silica are quartz, silica was a major contributor to occupational Diatomite ore is mined and then processed to crystalline silica, predominantly as cristobalite. cristobalite, and tridymite. disease in mining, and other industries in past produce a nal product which falls into one of As a result, calcined DE may contain from 0 to 2.1. Health Effects of Silica and DE centuries, but implementation of improved three categories: a natural grade, a calcined 40% crystalline silica. industrial hygiene practices has greatly reduced grade, or a ux-calcined grade. The processing Amorphous silica is a mild irritant of the upper 1.3. Flux-Calcined Grades worker exposure and the incidence of silica- includes milling, drying, calcination, respiratory tract and eyes and can irritate the related disease over the last 60 years. classication to produce a variety of particle- Flux-calcined products are also produced by skin because of its drying properties. Chronic sized products – from powders a few microns in calcining at high temperatures, but in the health effects have rarely been reported for The extent to which crystalline silica may present size to centimeter-sized granules. Diatomaceous presence of a uxing agent such as soda ash amorphous silica. a health risk and how to control that risk remains earth products are used in diverse applications (). During ux calcination, the a topic of debate in the scientic and regulatory Prolonged inhalation of crystalline silica, on the ranging from absorbents to ltration aids to llers uxing agent helps to fuse the diatoms, which community worldwide. The International Agency other hand, has been associated with damage of and functional additives to carriers for active considerably increases the particle size of the for Research on Cancer concluded in 2011 that the respiratory system, and cancer. ingredients in products. Diatomite products may product. As with calcined grades, a portion of “Crystalline silica in the form of quartz or According to the Health and Safety Executive in be shipped in a variety of containers, including the amorphous silica undergoes a cristobalite dust is carcinogenic to humans the UK: “The weight of evidence suggests that paper or plastic bags, semi-bulk bags and transformation to crystalline silica in the process. (Group 1)” (IARC Monograph 100C (2011). exposures to respirable crystalline silica cardboard containers, as well as in bulk by rail Flux-calcined grades can contain up to 70% insufcient to cause silicosis, would be unlikely A recommendation from the European Union hopper cars and tank trucks. crystalline silica. to lead to an increased risk of lung cancer." Scientic Committee for Occupational Exposure

Lim its (SC

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 4 5 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. 1. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 1.1. Natural Grades 2. DIATOMACEOUS EARTH AND This Guide will concentrate on the potential health effects and exposure levels of Diatomaceous earth - also known as DE, Natural grade products are dried at relatively low CRYSTALLINE SILICA respirable crystalline silica, i.e. the dust diatomite, diatomaceous silica, kieselguhr and temperatures. These natural grade products are Diatomaceous earth is composed primarily of fraction corresponding to the proportion of an infusorial earth - is actually a non-metallic primarily made up of amorphous silica, but may amorphous silica. DE may also have a crystalline airborne contaminant which penetrates the mineral composed of the skeletal remains of contain small percentages of naturally occurring silica component which varies depending on ore pulmonary alveolar (gas exchange) region of microscopic single-celled aquatic algae called crystalline silica source and processing method. the lungs. This fraction normally represents diatoms. Diatomaceous earth as it naturally 1.2. Calcined Grades Crystalline silica minerals are among the most 10 to 20% of the inhalable dust fraction, but occurs is predominantly composed of abundant in the world and comprise over 12% of the proportion can vary considerably (see amorphous silica, that is, non-crystalline silicon Calcined grade products are produced by the earth's crust. They exist in most types of European standard EN481) depending on the dioxide. It may also contain small amounts of calcining, or sintering, at higher temperatures, rock, sand, and soil, and most people come into particle size range of DE products. naturally occurring crystalline silica, typically in typically up to 1000°C. During the calcination, contact with crystalline silica every day. The most the form of quartz. some of the amorphous silica may undergo a Chronic inhalation of dust containing crystalline physical mineralogical transformation to form common forms of crystalline silica are quartz, silica was a major contributor to occupational Diatomite ore is mined and then processed to crystalline silica, predominantly as cristobalite. cristobalite, and tridymite. disease in mining, and other industries in past produce a nal product which falls into one of As a result, calcined DE may contain from 0 to 2.1. Health Effects of Silica and DE centuries, but implementation of improved three categories: a natural grade, a calcined 40% crystalline silica. industrial hygiene practices has greatly reduced grade, or a ux-calcined grade. The processing Amorphous silica is a mild irritant of the upper 1.3. Flux-Calcined Grades worker exposure and the incidence of silica- includes milling, drying, calcination, respiratory tract and eyes and can irritate the related disease over the last 60 years. classication to produce a variety of particle- Flux-calcined products are also produced by skin because of its drying properties. Chronic sized products – from powders a few microns in calcining at high temperatures, but in the health effects have rarely been reported for The extent to which crystalline silica may present size to centimeter-sized granules. Diatomaceous presence of a uxing agent such as soda ash amorphous silica. a health risk and how to control that risk remains earth products are used in diverse applications (sodium carbonate). During ux calcination, the a topic of debate in the scientic and regulatory Prolonged inhalation of crystalline silica, on the ranging from absorbents to ltration aids to llers uxing agent helps to fuse the diatoms, which community worldwide. The International Agency other hand, has been associated with damage of and functional additives to carriers for active considerably increases the particle size of the for Research on Cancer concluded in 2011 that the respiratory system, silicosis and cancer. ingredients in products. Diatomite products may product. As with calcined grades, a portion of “Crystalline silica in the form of quartz or According to the Health and Safety Executive in be shipped in a variety of containers, including the amorphous silica undergoes a cristobalite dust is carcinogenic to humans the UK: “The weight of evidence suggests that paper or plastic bags, semi-bulk bags and transformation to crystalline silica in the process. (Group 1)” (IARC Monograph 100C (2011). exposures to respirable crystalline silica cardboard containers, as well as in bulk by rail Flux-calcined grades can contain up to 70% insufcient to cause silicosis, would be unlikely A recommendation from the European Union hopper cars and tank trucks. crystalline silica. to lead to an increased risk of lung cancer." Scientic Committee for Occupational Exposure

Lim its (SC

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 4 5 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. OEL) in June 2003 made the following signicant The publication, Good Practice Guide on STOT refers to Specic Target Organ Toxicity, the conclusions: Workers Health Protection through the Good target organ being the lung. RE refers to Handling and Use of Crystalline Silica and “Repeated Exposure.” Based upon scientic “The main effect in humans of the Products Containing It, is available in all EU evidence, it is necessary to inhale signicant inhalation of respirable silica dust is languages and can be downloaded from quantities of RCS in an occupational setting for silicosis. There is sufcient information to http://www.nepsi.eu/good-practice-guide. prolonged and repeated periods of time before conclude that the relative lung cancer risk long-term health effects may occur. is increased in persons with silicosis (and, 2.2. Classication & Labelling apparently, not in employees without This classication applies to the ne fraction of The CLP Regulation (Regulation (EC) No silicosis exposed to silica dust in quarries quartz and cristobalite only, because it is 1272/2008 - Classication, Labelling and and in the ceramic industry). Therefore, scientically demonstrated that it is only this Packaging of substances and mixtures) preventing the onset of silicosis will also fraction of crystalline silica which may cause implements in Europe the Globally Harmonised reduce the cancer risk.” health effects. It is also in compliance with the System on Classication and Labelling of new CLP Regulation which allows consideration In Europe, a multi-sector social dialogue Chemicals (GHS) developed by the United of the physical form(s) or physical state(s) of agreement was signed in 2006 covering workers Nations. substance or mixture. with potential exposure to crystalline silica dust. In accordance with the CLP Regulation, The 15 signatories (including both employer and As a consequence of this classication, mixtures industrial minerals producers have conducted a employee organizations) form together NEPSI, and substances containing quartz or cristobalite Review and Hazard Assessment of the health the European Network on Silica, to implement ne fraction, are classied as: effects of respirable crystalline silica and have effective protection measures and monitor the jointly determined that it is appropriate to STOT RE 1 (Danger Notice), if the crystalline application of the Agreement over the years, see classify crystalline silica ne fraction (quartz ne silica ne fraction (cristobalite or quartz) is equal www.nepsi.eu . The majority of DE users have fraction and cristobalite ne fraction) as STOT to, or greater than 10%; not yet participated in such dialogue. RE 1 for the silicosis hazard. STOT RE 2 (Warning Notice), if the crystalline The NEPSI Social silica ne fraction (cristobalite or quartz) is Dialogue Agreement between 1 and 10%. The REACH Consortium for kieselguhr soda ash aims to: a) Protection of If the crystalline silica ne fraction (cristobalite or ux-calcined has established a list of uses for health of employees; b) quartz) content in mixtures and substances is kieselguhr soda ash ux-calcined (included in Minimising exposure to below 1%, no classication is required. the e-SDSs). RCS at the workplace by A comprehensive package regarding RCS All information available from IDPA, c/o IMA- applying the Good classication, metrology and prevention is Europe Practices; c) Increasing available at the following dedicated website: knowledge of potential IMA-Europe www.crystallinesilica.eu. health effects of RCS and Rue des Deux Eglises 26 2.3. REACH registration: about Good Practices. 1000 Brussels The NEPSI Agreement is Naturally occurring and calcined minerals are Belgium always open for new exempted from the obligation to register in [email protected] signatories. accordance with Article 2, paragraph 7b and www.ima-europe.eu Annex V.7 of the Regulation (EC) 1907/2006. However, ux-calcined DE grades have been registered under kieselguhr soda ash ux- calcined (CAS: 68855-54-9).

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 6 7 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. OEL) in June 2003 made the following signicant The publication, Good Practice Guide on STOT refers to Specic Target Organ Toxicity, the conclusions: Workers Health Protection through the Good target organ being the lung. RE refers to Handling and Use of Crystalline Silica and “Repeated Exposure.” Based upon scientic “The main effect in humans of the Products Containing It, is available in all EU evidence, it is necessary to inhale signicant inhalation of respirable silica dust is languages and can be downloaded from quantities of RCS in an occupational setting for silicosis. There is sufcient information to http://www.nepsi.eu/good-practice-guide. prolonged and repeated periods of time before conclude that the relative lung cancer risk long-term health effects may occur. is increased in persons with silicosis (and, 2.2. Classication & Labelling apparently, not in employees without This classication applies to the ne fraction of The CLP Regulation (Regulation (EC) No silicosis exposed to silica dust in quarries quartz and cristobalite only, because it is 1272/2008 - Classication, Labelling and and in the ceramic industry). Therefore, scientically demonstrated that it is only this Packaging of substances and mixtures) preventing the onset of silicosis will also fraction of crystalline silica which may cause implements in Europe the Globally Harmonised reduce the cancer risk.” health effects. It is also in compliance with the System on Classication and Labelling of new CLP Regulation which allows consideration In Europe, a multi-sector social dialogue Chemicals (GHS) developed by the United of the physical form(s) or physical state(s) of agreement was signed in 2006 covering workers Nations. substance or mixture. with potential exposure to crystalline silica dust. In accordance with the CLP Regulation, The 15 signatories (including both employer and As a consequence of this classication, mixtures industrial minerals producers have conducted a employee organizations) form together NEPSI, and substances containing quartz or cristobalite Review and Hazard Assessment of the health the European Network on Silica, to implement ne fraction, are classied as: effects of respirable crystalline silica and have effective protection measures and monitor the jointly determined that it is appropriate to STOT RE 1 (Danger Notice), if the crystalline application of the Agreement over the years, see classify crystalline silica ne fraction (quartz ne silica ne fraction (cristobalite or quartz) is equal www.nepsi.eu . The majority of DE users have fraction and cristobalite ne fraction) as STOT to, or greater than 10%; not yet participated in such dialogue. RE 1 for the silicosis hazard. STOT RE 2 (Warning Notice), if the crystalline The NEPSI Social silica ne fraction (cristobalite or quartz) is Dialogue Agreement between 1 and 10%. The REACH Consortium for kieselguhr soda ash aims to: a) Protection of If the crystalline silica ne fraction (cristobalite or ux-calcined has established a list of uses for health of employees; b) quartz) content in mixtures and substances is kieselguhr soda ash ux-calcined (included in Minimising exposure to below 1%, no classication is required. the e-SDSs). RCS at the workplace by A comprehensive package regarding RCS All information available from IDPA, c/o IMA- applying the Good classication, metrology and prevention is Europe Practices; c) Increasing available at the following dedicated website: knowledge of potential IMA-Europe www.crystallinesilica.eu. health effects of RCS and Rue des Deux Eglises 26 2.3. REACH registration: about Good Practices. 1000 Brussels The NEPSI Agreement is Naturally occurring and calcined minerals are Belgium always open for new exempted from the obligation to register in [email protected] signatories. accordance with Article 2, paragraph 7b and www.ima-europe.eu Annex V.7 of the Regulation (EC) 1907/2006. However, ux-calcined DE grades have been registered under kieselguhr soda ash ux- calcined (CAS: 68855-54-9).

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 6 7 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. 3. WORKPLACE LEGISLATION covers: “Work involving exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust generated by a work Each country comprising the European process”. community has its own occupational exposure limit (OEL) or workplace exposure limit (WEL) for It means that the replacement obligation applies respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in the to the work processes which generate respirable workplace. crystalline silica dust. Typical examples of replacements are wet processes or closed See table of OEls in the different EU Members ventilated systems which do not lead to States at http://www.nepsi.eu/workplace- exposure to respirable crystalline silica. exposure-crystalline-silica The supplied products would not have to EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE ON THE PROTECTION labelled as carcinogens, but the exposure of OF WORKERS FROM THE RISKS RELATED TO workers to the dust generated by handling and EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS OR MUTAGENS AT WORK

The EU Commission has issued a proposal on 13 May 2016 [COM(2016)0248] to include “work 3) Identify the frequency and duration of involving exposure to respirable 4.WORKING SAFELY WITH exposure for each individual crystalline silica dust generated by a DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 4) Identify existing control measures. If the work process” in Annex I of the Working safely with DE products means control measures are efcient and the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive assessing and managing the exposure risk. (2004/37/EC). It proposes the duration/frequency of the exposure are establishment of a binding European If not already done, a risk assessment has to be controlled, apply 6), if not apply 5) rst. occupational exposure limit at 0.1 carried out and exposure minimization must be 5) Carry out personal exposure monitoring in mg/m³ (respirable fraction, 8h TWA) in applied in order to respect the 0.1 mg/m³ accordance with EU standard: EN 689 Annex III. exposure limit value. Exposure must be monitored. 6) On basis of the results of your exposure Once this new European legislation is processing DE products must be assessed and monitoring, apply the good practices for the adopted, the different Member States will have RISK ASSESSMENT minimised by applying the new legislation and tasks identied to minimize the exposure in two years to transpose the European Directive in good practices. The following risk assessment procedure accordance with the legislation in place. their national legislation and occupational focuses on dry processes, as wet processes are This Guide aims to support the effective 7) Review your exposure assessment inspectors will be informed on the new law. not considered a risk factor and do not need to implementation of this new European legislation regularly be considered. Article 4 of the Carcinogens and Mutagens (such support for implementation is recognized Directive at work (CMD) states: “in so far as in Recital 6 of the proposal, 2016/0130(COD)1 . Follow these steps: technically possible, employers must reduce the More information can be found on the following CONTROL MEASURES 1) Identify the dry processes in your use of a carcinogen/mutagen by replacing it with websites: workplace that may give rise to the generation Ÿ Collective Protection: substances/mixtures/processes which are not or www.crystallinesilica.eu of airborne DE dust less dangerous.” First, Collective Protection has to be http://www.crystallinesilica.eu/frequently-asked- 2) Identify which job functions that may be considered. In the case of respirable crystalline silica, the questions exposed, particularly job tasks entry in Annex I of the proposed Directive Dust collection systems are the most widely

1 “Guides and good practice developed through initiatives such as the Social Dialogue "Agreement on Workers' Health Protection Through the Good Handling and Use of Crystalline Silica and Products Containing it" (NEPSi) are valuable instruments to complement regulatory measures and in particular to support the effective implementation of limit values.”

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 8 9 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. 3. WORKPLACE LEGISLATION covers: “Work involving exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust generated by a work Each country comprising the European process”. community has its own occupational exposure limit (OEL) or workplace exposure limit (WEL) for It means that the replacement obligation applies respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in the to the work processes which generate respirable workplace. crystalline silica dust. Typical examples of replacements are wet processes or closed See table of OEls in the different EU Members ventilated systems which do not lead to States at http://www.nepsi.eu/workplace- exposure to respirable crystalline silica. exposure-crystalline-silica The supplied products would not have to EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE ON THE PROTECTION labelled as carcinogens, but the exposure of OF WORKERS FROM THE RISKS RELATED TO workers to the dust generated by handling and EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS OR MUTAGENS AT WORK

The EU Commission has issued a proposal on 13 May 2016 [COM(2016)0248] to include “work 3) Identify the frequency and duration of involving exposure to respirable 4.WORKING SAFELY WITH exposure for each individual crystalline silica dust generated by a DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 4) Identify existing control measures. If the work process” in Annex I of the Working safely with DE products means control measures are efcient and the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive assessing and managing the exposure risk. (2004/37/EC). It proposes the duration/frequency of the exposure are establishment of a binding European If not already done, a risk assessment has to be controlled, apply 6), if not apply 5) rst. occupational exposure limit at 0.1 carried out and exposure minimization must be 5) Carry out personal exposure monitoring in mg/m³ (respirable fraction, 8h TWA) in applied in order to respect the 0.1 mg/m³ accordance with EU standard: EN 689 Annex III. exposure limit value. Exposure must be monitored. 6) On basis of the results of your exposure Once this new European legislation is processing DE products must be assessed and monitoring, apply the good practices for the adopted, the different Member States will have RISK ASSESSMENT minimised by applying the new legislation and tasks identied to minimize the exposure in two years to transpose the European Directive in good practices. The following risk assessment procedure accordance with the legislation in place. their national legislation and occupational focuses on dry processes, as wet processes are This Guide aims to support the effective 7) Review your exposure assessment inspectors will be informed on the new law. not considered a risk factor and do not need to implementation of this new European legislation regularly be considered. Article 4 of the Carcinogens and Mutagens (such support for implementation is recognized Directive at work (CMD) states: “in so far as in Recital 6 of the proposal, 2016/0130(COD)1 . Follow these steps: technically possible, employers must reduce the More information can be found on the following CONTROL MEASURES 1) Identify the dry processes in your use of a carcinogen/mutagen by replacing it with websites: workplace that may give rise to the generation Ÿ Collective Protection: substances/mixtures/processes which are not or www.crystallinesilica.eu of airborne DE dust less dangerous.” First, Collective Protection has to be http://www.crystallinesilica.eu/frequently-asked- 2) Identify which job functions that may be considered. In the case of respirable crystalline silica, the questions exposed, particularly job tasks entry in Annex I of the proposed Directive Dust collection systems are the most widely

1 “Guides and good practice developed through initiatives such as the Social Dialogue "Agreement on Workers' Health Protection Through the Good Handling and Use of Crystalline Silica and Products Containing it" (NEPSi) are valuable instruments to complement regulatory measures and in particular to support the effective implementation of limit values.”

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 8 9 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. used engineering control techniques employed The following general requirements (taken from to control dust and lower workers' exposure to the European Standards EN 689 and EN 1232 – respirable dust.. see references) must be followed:

The most common dust control techniques Ÿ For personal sampling, the sampling utilize local exhaust ventilation systems (LEVs). equipment must be worn by the worker These systems capture dust generated and then (within the breathing zone of the worker). transport this dust via ductwork to a dust Ÿ The collected dust fractions must be at least collection ltering device. By capturing the dust respirable and (optional) inhalable and at the source, it is prevented from being liberated thoracic dust fractions. into the plant and contaminating the breathing of the workers. LEV systems use a Ÿ The sampling equipment used to collect the negative pressure exhaust ventilation technique dust samples must be in conformity with the to capture the dust before it escapes from the European standard EN 481. 5. GOOD PRACTICES The specic task sheets in the Annex to the processing operation. Effective systems typically Guide relate to tasks concerning DE users. Ÿ The sampling locations should follow at least This section contains a range of task guidance incorporate a capture device (enclosure, hood, These relate to common tasks performed by DE a set of well-dened job functions. sheets which describe good practice techniques chute, etc.) designed to maximize the collection users to assist them in complying with the Ÿ for various common and specic tasks. The potential. The sampling duration should correspond to requirements of workplace health and safety general guidance sheets apply to all the a full shift (7-8 hours). legislation by controlling exposure to respirable See the ventilation NEPSI Task sheet 2.1.9. for industries concerned with respirable crystalline Ÿ The analytical technique to determine the crystalline silica. more information silica exposure and can be found at quartz (and cristobalite) content must be Ÿ www.nepsi.eu. For instance, the task sheets on Personal Protection: either X-ray diffraction or Fourier transform cleaning, good hygiene and general ventilation IDPA SPECIFIC TASK SHEETS When collective protection is not sufcient or infrared spectroscopy as required in different are particularly relevant for the DE users. No.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) national standards. feasible, however, respiratory protection No.2 Bag emptying – small bags consistent with the highest dust levels that might Ÿ The laboratories involved in the quartz No.3 Big bag emptying – bulk bags NEPSI General Task Sheets possibly be encountered should be used. analysis should be accredited and/or should No.4 Bulk silo truck unloading (pneumatic) 2.1.1. Cleaning No.5 Dry mixing of materials Properly selected, tted, and maintained join an inter-laboratory round exercise to 2.1.2. Design of buildings No.6 Transport systems for ne dry respiratory personal protective equipment is an ensure the quality and validity of their 2.1.3. Design of control rooms 2.1.4. Design of ducting diatomaceous earth products integral component in the reduction of potential procedures and results. 2.1.5. Design of dust extraction units 2.1.6. Dust monitoring exposures, as are other personal protective Main references: 2.1.7. General indoor storage equipment such as safety glasses and gloves. 2.1.8. General outdoor storage EN 689 Workplace - Guidance for Proper handling techniques and engineered 2.1.9. General ventilation See the specic Task sheet IDPA n°1 for more the assessment of exposure by inhalation to 2.1.10. Good hygiene ventilation controls should ensure that dust information chemical agents for comparison with limit values 2.1.11. Handling and transport systems concentrations in the workplace are minimised. 2.1.12. Laboratory work IDPA recommends that personal protective EXPOSURE MONITORING and measurement strategy, 1995, CEN. 2.1.13. Local exhaust ventilation

2.1.14. Maintenance, service & repair activities equipment should also be used to provide an EN 481 Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction Companies should check their national 2.1.16. Removing dust or sludge from an extraction unit additional margin of protection. regulation and national standards to make sure denitions for measurement of airborne particles, 2.1.17. Supervision

1993, CEN. 2.1.18. Systems of packaging Waste material and used packaging should be their dust monitoring complies with their national 2.1.19. Training handled in a manner to avoid creating airborne requirements, notably regarding the minimum EN 1232 Workplace atmospheres - Pumps for 2.1.20. Working with contractors dust. number of samples. personal sampling of chemical agents- Requirements and methods, 1997.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 10 11 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. used engineering control techniques employed The following general requirements (taken from to control dust and lower workers' exposure to the European Standards EN 689 and EN 1232 – respirable dust.. see references) must be followed:

The most common dust control techniques Ÿ For personal sampling, the sampling utilize local exhaust ventilation systems (LEVs). equipment must be worn by the worker These systems capture dust generated and then (within the breathing zone of the worker). transport this dust via ductwork to a dust Ÿ The collected dust fractions must be at least collection ltering device. By capturing the dust respirable and (optional) inhalable and at the source, it is prevented from being liberated thoracic dust fractions. into the plant and contaminating the breathing atmosphere of the workers. LEV systems use a Ÿ The sampling equipment used to collect the negative pressure exhaust ventilation technique dust samples must be in conformity with the to capture the dust before it escapes from the European standard EN 481. 5. GOOD PRACTICES The specic task sheets in the Annex to the processing operation. Effective systems typically Guide relate to tasks concerning DE users. Ÿ The sampling locations should follow at least This section contains a range of task guidance incorporate a capture device (enclosure, hood, These relate to common tasks performed by DE a set of well-dened job functions. sheets which describe good practice techniques chute, etc.) designed to maximize the collection users to assist them in complying with the Ÿ for various common and specic tasks. The potential. The sampling duration should correspond to requirements of workplace health and safety general guidance sheets apply to all the a full shift (7-8 hours). legislation by controlling exposure to respirable See the ventilation NEPSI Task sheet 2.1.9. for industries concerned with respirable crystalline Ÿ The analytical technique to determine the crystalline silica. more information silica exposure and can be found at quartz (and cristobalite) content must be Ÿ www.nepsi.eu. For instance, the task sheets on Personal Protection: either X-ray diffraction or Fourier transform cleaning, good hygiene and general ventilation IDPA SPECIFIC TASK SHEETS When collective protection is not sufcient or infrared spectroscopy as required in different are particularly relevant for the DE users. No.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) national standards. feasible, however, respiratory protection No.2 Bag emptying – small bags consistent with the highest dust levels that might Ÿ The laboratories involved in the quartz No.3 Big bag emptying – bulk bags NEPSI General Task Sheets possibly be encountered should be used. analysis should be accredited and/or should No.4 Bulk silo truck unloading (pneumatic) 2.1.1. Cleaning No.5 Dry mixing of materials Properly selected, tted, and maintained join an inter-laboratory round exercise to 2.1.2. Design of buildings No.6 Transport systems for ne dry respiratory personal protective equipment is an ensure the quality and validity of their 2.1.3. Design of control rooms 2.1.4. Design of ducting diatomaceous earth products integral component in the reduction of potential procedures and results. 2.1.5. Design of dust extraction units 2.1.6. Dust monitoring exposures, as are other personal protective Main references: 2.1.7. General indoor storage equipment such as safety glasses and gloves. 2.1.8. General outdoor storage EN 689 Workplace atmospheres - Guidance for Proper handling techniques and engineered 2.1.9. General ventilation See the specic Task sheet IDPA n°1 for more the assessment of exposure by inhalation to 2.1.10. Good hygiene ventilation controls should ensure that dust information chemical agents for comparison with limit values 2.1.11. Handling and transport systems concentrations in the workplace are minimised. 2.1.12. Laboratory work IDPA recommends that personal protective EXPOSURE MONITORING and measurement strategy, 1995, CEN. 2.1.13. Local exhaust ventilation

2.1.14. Maintenance, service & repair activities equipment should also be used to provide an EN 481 Workplace atmospheres - Size fraction Companies should check their national 2.1.16. Removing dust or sludge from an extraction unit additional margin of protection. regulation and national standards to make sure denitions for measurement of airborne particles, 2.1.17. Supervision

1993, CEN. 2.1.18. Systems of packaging Waste material and used packaging should be their dust monitoring complies with their national 2.1.19. Training handled in a manner to avoid creating airborne requirements, notably regarding the minimum EN 1232 Workplace atmospheres - Pumps for 2.1.20. Working with contractors dust. number of samples. personal sampling of chemical agents- Requirements and test methods, 1997.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 10 11 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L.

IDPAo Task Sheet N 1 Task Sheet 1: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

This activity covers the use and maintenance of PPE for workers exposed to diatomaceous earth dust.

The use of PPE should be seen as a last resort, to be used only when all reasonable engineering and organisational control measures have been implemented and have failed to provide adequate control of exposure.

This guidance sheet is recommended to employers to help them comply with the Access requirements of workplace ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. Work areas where health and safety legislation the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory should be clearly by controlling exposure to demarcated through the provision of appropriate signage. respirable crystalline silica. Design and equipment Specically, this sheet ü Personal protective equipment must comply with the relevant Community provides advice on the use provisions on design and manufacture with respect to safety and health. All and maintenance of personal DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS? use of diatomaceous earth products and to personal protective equipment must be provided by the company and it must protective equipment (PPE). advancing research and maintaining a dialogue carry a CE mark. Please contact IDPA or your supplier if you have Following the key points of with industry, regulatory agencies and the this task sheet will help ü Where PPE is used, a programme should be established covering all aspects of any additional questions about the safe use of scientic community in support of the safety of reduce exposure. the selection, use and maintenance of the equipment. DE. The following links also provide more our employees and the communities we serve. Depending on the specic ü PPE should be selected on the basis of performance (e.g., protection factor), information that may be useful: circumstances of each case, comfort and durability. For DE, the recommended respirator is the FFP3 half IDPA Members: For information on Crystalline Silica in general: it may not be necessary to mask. apply all of the control Calgon Carbon ü Where it is necessary to wear more than one item of PPE, ensure that those items Ÿ Respirable Crystalline silica measures identied in this are compatible with each other. (http://www.crystallinesilica.eu) EP Minerals sheet in order to minimize exposure to respirable ü Protective clothes (overalls) must be used during all dusty tasks. Dark colours Ÿ Safety Data Sheets Showa Chemical Industry crystalline silica, i.e., to apply may be used to help indicate dust contamination. Your workwear supplier will be appropriate protection and able to advise you of appropriate clothing Ÿ Information on the Social Dialogue Imerys Minerals prevention measures. ü Use the pictograms below in the workplace to explain where the use of PPE is Agreement on Respirable Silica International Diatomite Producers Association This document should also required. (http://www.nepsi.eu/) (IDPA) be made available to persons Ÿ Good Practice Guide on Workers Health 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 1150 who may be exposed to respirable crystalline silica in Protection through the Good Handling and , DC 20036 the workplace, in order that Use of Crystalline Silica and Products (202) 457-0200 they may make the best use Containing It : http://www.nepsi.eu/good- Mark Ellis of the control measures that practice-guide. President are implemented. Respiratory mask Ear protection [email protected] The International Diatomite Producers Association (IDPA) is a trade association representing major manufacturers of diatomaceous earth products worldwide. Founded in 1987, IDPA is committed to the safe Eye protection Safety Helmet

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 12 13 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L.

IDPAo Task Sheet N 1 Task Sheet 1: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

This activity covers the use and maintenance of PPE for workers exposed to diatomaceous earth dust.

The use of PPE should be seen as a last resort, to be used only when all reasonable engineering and organisational control measures have been implemented and have failed to provide adequate control of exposure.

This guidance sheet is recommended to employers to help them comply with the Access requirements of workplace ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. Work areas where health and safety legislation the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory should be clearly by controlling exposure to demarcated through the provision of appropriate signage. respirable crystalline silica. Design and equipment Specically, this sheet ü Personal protective equipment must comply with the relevant Community provides advice on the use provisions on design and manufacture with respect to safety and health. All and maintenance of personal DO YOU HAVE QUESTIONS? use of diatomaceous earth products and to personal protective equipment must be provided by the company and it must protective equipment (PPE). advancing research and maintaining a dialogue carry a CE mark. Please contact IDPA or your supplier if you have Following the key points of with industry, regulatory agencies and the this task sheet will help ü Where PPE is used, a programme should be established covering all aspects of any additional questions about the safe use of scientic community in support of the safety of reduce exposure. the selection, use and maintenance of the equipment. DE. The following links also provide more our employees and the communities we serve. Depending on the specic ü PPE should be selected on the basis of performance (e.g., protection factor), information that may be useful: circumstances of each case, comfort and durability. For DE, the recommended respirator is the FFP3 half IDPA Members: For information on Crystalline Silica in general: it may not be necessary to mask. apply all of the control Calgon Carbon ü Where it is necessary to wear more than one item of PPE, ensure that those items Ÿ Respirable Crystalline silica measures identied in this are compatible with each other. (http://www.crystallinesilica.eu) EP Minerals sheet in order to minimize exposure to respirable ü Protective clothes (overalls) must be used during all dusty tasks. Dark colours Ÿ Safety Data Sheets Showa Chemical Industry crystalline silica, i.e., to apply may be used to help indicate dust contamination. Your workwear supplier will be appropriate protection and able to advise you of appropriate clothing Ÿ Information on the Social Dialogue Imerys Minerals prevention measures. ü Use the pictograms below in the workplace to explain where the use of PPE is Agreement on Respirable Silica International Diatomite Producers Association This document should also required. (http://www.nepsi.eu/) (IDPA) be made available to persons Ÿ Good Practice Guide on Workers Health 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 1150 who may be exposed to respirable crystalline silica in Protection through the Good Handling and Washington, DC 20036 the workplace, in order that Use of Crystalline Silica and Products (202) 457-0200 they may make the best use Containing It : http://www.nepsi.eu/good- Mark Ellis of the control measures that practice-guide. President are implemented. Respiratory mask Ear protection [email protected] The International Diatomite Producers Association (IDPA) is a trade association representing major manufacturers of diatomaceous earth products worldwide. Founded in 1987, IDPA is committed to the safe Eye protection Safety Helmet

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 12 13 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 2 Maintenance ü Note that facial hair will reduce the effectiveness of a Bag emptying – small bags dust mask. Operators with facial hair should be ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as provided with air-fed respirators or other suitable advised by the supplier in efcient working order and in This sheet provides advice on emptying small bags of alternative. good repair. diatomaceous earth ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective ü Protective clothes (overalls) should not be taken home. equipment clean when not in use. They should be cleaned by the employer. ü For each work activity, make an assessment to Access Examination and testing determine how frequently respiratory personal ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check PPE daily for signs of damage. If used protective equipment should be replaced in order to Design and equipment infrequently, then check it before each use. guarantee its effectiveness. Replace respiratory This guidance sheet is ü personal protective equipment at intervals ü Ensure bag emptying equipment is t for purpose. Check effectiveness of respiratory protective equipment recommended to employers recommended by its suppliers. before use. Seek advice from the supplier on to help them comply with the ü Enclose the bag emptying equipment as much as possible and keep it under appropriate t testing methods. Training requirements of workplace negative pressure by using a local exhaust ventilation system – refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.13. The hood’s exhaust volume requirement is a function of the ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü Give your employees information on the health effects health and safety legislation open hood area, with experience showing that air velocities of 1 m.s-1 (200 fpm) which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). by controlling exposure to associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. into the hood are adequate for DE dust capture. respirable crystalline silica. Cleaning and housekeeping ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure ü For small bags, the use of automatic or semi-automatic bag dumping stations is Specically, this sheet ü Keep non-disposable items of PPE clean. prevention; checking controls are working and used; recommended for emptying the bags. when and how to use any respiratory personal provides advice on the use ü ü Ensure workers tip the bag contents progressively – never dump them. Bags Employers must provide clean storage facilities for PPE. protective equipment provided and what to do if and maintenance of personal protective equipment (PPE). should be emptied with the open end facing away. û Do not clean clothing using compressed air. something goes wrong. Refer to task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of the NEPSI Good Practice Guide. Following the key points of ü Bag crushing creates a lot of dust. Workers should roll up empty bags within the ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. this task sheet will help extraction zone. Supervision Respiratory Protective Equipment reduce exposure. ü In order to dispose of empty bags without creating dust, drop them into a large ü Have a system to check that control measures are in ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine Depending on the specic plastic sack supported and held open by a metal frame. When it is full, seal the place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, circumstances of each case, sack and dispose of it in a suitable waste skip. Do not let the waste sack overow. task sheet 2.1.17. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the it may not be necessary to Alternatively, use a compactor equipped with a dust extraction system or which is fully enclosed. Another option is to spray the empty bags with water to limit the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and ü Employers should make sure that employees have all apply all of the control creation of dust. worn. Equipment should be selected that is compatible the means to perform the checklist given opposite. measures identied in this with other items of personal protective equipment, e.g., sheet in order to minimize ü Bag emptying equipment should be connected to a suitable dust arrestment ear defenders, goggles, welding visors. exposure to respirable system (e.g., bag lter/cyclone). A permanent dust extraction system is preferred, crystalline silica, i.e., to apply though a stand-alone mobile unit is acceptable. ü Ensure that the operator achieves the essential face appropriate protection and ü Bag emptying equipment should be designed for easy access to all parts for seal with the selected mask. This can be checked using prevention measures. simple testing methods, e.g., a mist of sugar solution maintenance, unblocking and cleaning. Access panels should be interlocked or have trip devices where necessary to prevent persons accessing dangerous parts can be dispersed in the air to check if the operator This document should also of machinery. tastes it. If so there is evidence of leakage. be made available to persons who may be exposed to ü Consider providing mechanical/pneumatic assistance with bag handling. respirable crystalline silica in ü Where possible keep bag emptying equipment away from doors, windows and Employee checklist for making the best use of the the workplace, in order that walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of dust extraction they may make the best use controls systems. of the control measures that ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of ¨ Adjust your PPE so that it ts you correctly. are implemented. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell ¨ If you have facial hair, this could reduce the your supervisor. effectiveness of a dust mask. Select an appropriate ¨ Even if you do not normally wear respiratory personal air-fed respirator or suitable alternative. protective equipment, it may be necessary for you to ¨ When it is necessary for you to wear more than one wear it temporarily in the event other control measures item of PPE, ensure that all items are compatible with fail. each other. ¨ Use, maintain and store any personal protective equipment provided in accordance with instructions.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 14 15 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 2 Maintenance ü Note that facial hair will reduce the effectiveness of a Bag emptying – small bags dust mask. Operators with facial hair should be ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as provided with air-fed respirators or other suitable advised by the supplier in efcient working order and in This sheet provides advice on emptying small bags of alternative. good repair. diatomaceous earth ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective ü Protective clothes (overalls) should not be taken home. equipment clean when not in use. They should be cleaned by the employer. ü For each work activity, make an assessment to Access Examination and testing determine how frequently respiratory personal ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check PPE daily for signs of damage. If used protective equipment should be replaced in order to Design and equipment infrequently, then check it before each use. guarantee its effectiveness. Replace respiratory This guidance sheet is ü personal protective equipment at intervals ü Ensure bag emptying equipment is t for purpose. Check effectiveness of respiratory protective equipment recommended to employers recommended by its suppliers. before use. Seek advice from the supplier on to help them comply with the ü Enclose the bag emptying equipment as much as possible and keep it under appropriate t testing methods. Training requirements of workplace negative pressure by using a local exhaust ventilation system – refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.13. The hood’s exhaust volume requirement is a function of the ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü Give your employees information on the health effects health and safety legislation open hood area, with experience showing that air velocities of 1 m.s-1 (200 fpm) which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). by controlling exposure to associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. into the hood are adequate for DE dust capture. respirable crystalline silica. Cleaning and housekeeping ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure ü For small bags, the use of automatic or semi-automatic bag dumping stations is Specically, this sheet ü Keep non-disposable items of PPE clean. prevention; checking controls are working and used; recommended for emptying the bags. when and how to use any respiratory personal provides advice on the use ü ü Ensure workers tip the bag contents progressively – never dump them. Bags Employers must provide clean storage facilities for PPE. protective equipment provided and what to do if and maintenance of personal protective equipment (PPE). should be emptied with the open end facing away. û Do not clean clothing using compressed air. something goes wrong. Refer to task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of the NEPSI Good Practice Guide. Following the key points of ü Bag crushing creates a lot of dust. Workers should roll up empty bags within the ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. this task sheet will help extraction zone. Supervision Respiratory Protective Equipment reduce exposure. ü In order to dispose of empty bags without creating dust, drop them into a large ü Have a system to check that control measures are in ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine Depending on the specic plastic sack supported and held open by a metal frame. When it is full, seal the place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, circumstances of each case, sack and dispose of it in a suitable waste skip. Do not let the waste sack overow. task sheet 2.1.17. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the it may not be necessary to Alternatively, use a compactor equipped with a dust extraction system or which is fully enclosed. Another option is to spray the empty bags with water to limit the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and ü Employers should make sure that employees have all apply all of the control creation of dust. worn. Equipment should be selected that is compatible the means to perform the checklist given opposite. measures identied in this with other items of personal protective equipment, e.g., sheet in order to minimize ü Bag emptying equipment should be connected to a suitable dust arrestment ear defenders, goggles, welding visors. exposure to respirable system (e.g., bag lter/cyclone). A permanent dust extraction system is preferred, crystalline silica, i.e., to apply though a stand-alone mobile unit is acceptable. ü Ensure that the operator achieves the essential face appropriate protection and ü Bag emptying equipment should be designed for easy access to all parts for seal with the selected mask. This can be checked using prevention measures. simple testing methods, e.g., a mist of sugar solution maintenance, unblocking and cleaning. Access panels should be interlocked or have trip devices where necessary to prevent persons accessing dangerous parts can be dispersed in the air to check if the operator This document should also of machinery. tastes it. If so there is evidence of leakage. be made available to persons who may be exposed to ü Consider providing mechanical/pneumatic assistance with bag handling. respirable crystalline silica in ü Where possible keep bag emptying equipment away from doors, windows and Employee checklist for making the best use of the the workplace, in order that walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of dust extraction they may make the best use controls systems. of the control measures that ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of ¨ Adjust your PPE so that it ts you correctly. are implemented. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell ¨ If you have facial hair, this could reduce the your supervisor. effectiveness of a dust mask. Select an appropriate ¨ Even if you do not normally wear respiratory personal air-fed respirator or suitable alternative. protective equipment, it may be necessary for you to ¨ When it is necessary for you to wear more than one wear it temporarily in the event other control measures item of PPE, ensure that all items are compatible with fail. each other. ¨ Use, maintain and store any personal protective equipment provided in accordance with instructions.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 14 15 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 3 Maintenance ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine Big bag emptying – bulk bags whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as respiratory protective equipment (with the appropriate advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working This sheet provides advice on how to empty bulk bags (big bags protection factor) should be provided and worn. order and in good repair. or jumbo bags) of diatomaceous earth. ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with equipment clean when not in use. the manufacturer’s recommendations. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at Access Examination and testing intervals recommended by its suppliers. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of Training damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant Design and equipment ü This guidance sheet is use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then Give your employees information on the health effects ü Ensure bag emptying equipment is t for purpose. check it before each use. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust recommended to employers to help them comply with the ü Enclose the bag emptying equipment as much as possible and keep it under ü ü Obtain information on the design performance of dust Provide employees with training on: dust exposure requirements of workplace negative pressure by using a local exhaust ventilation system – refer to task sheet suppression and/or extraction equipment from the prevention; checking controls are working and using health and safety legislation nepsi 2.1.13. . Experience shows that air velocities of 1 m.s-1 (200 fpm) into the supplier. Keep this information to compare with future them; when and how to use any respiratory protective by controlling exposure to hood are adequate for DE dust capture. test results. equipment provided and what to do if something goes respirable crystalline silica. û Manual bag cutting is not recommended without the use of personal wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time protective equipment. the Good Practice Guide. Specically, this sheet that complies with national laws (minimum ve years). provides advice on the use ü For single trip bulk bags without inner liner, use bag emptying equipment Supervision Cleaning and housekeeping and maintenance of personal featuring pyramidal cutting knives and a rubber membrane to seal off the bag ü Have a system to check that control measures are in protective equipment (PPE). bottom. ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI Following the key points of ü For multiple trip bulk bags, a discharge system with vibrator plate should be used ü Deal with spills immediately. task sheet 2.1.17. this task sheet will help and this should be equipped with local exhaust ventilation. reduce exposure. û Do not clean clothing using compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all ü Where multiple trip bulk bags are used, which have inner liners, special dust-free Depending on the specic ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. outlet connection systems are available which have double ring seals and fully circumstances of each case, enclosed product discharge. Personal Protective Equipment it may not be necessary to ü In order to dispose of empty bags without creating dust, do not manually apply all of the control ü Refer to task sheet IDPA n°1 dedicated to Personal compress the empty bags. Instead, drop them into a large plastic sack supported Protective Equipment. measures identied in this and held open by a metal frame. When it is full, seal the sack and dispose of it in a sheet in order to minimize suitable waste skip. Do not let the waste sack overow. Alternatively, use a exposure to respirable compactor equipped with a dust extraction system or which is fully enclosed. crystalline silica, i.e., to apply ü Bag emptying equipment should be connected to a suitable dust arrestment appropriate protection and system (e.g., bag lter/cyclone) prevention measures. ü Bag emptying equipment should be designed for easy access to all parts for This document should also maintenance, unblocking and cleaning. Access panels should be interlocked or Employee checklist for making the best use of the be made available to persons have trip devices where necessary to prevent persons accessing dangerous parts controls who may be exposed to of machinery. respirable crystalline silica in ¨ Make sure the ventilation system is working properly. ¨ Use handling aids when available. ü Consider providing mechanical/pneumatic assistance with bag handling. the workplace, in order that Make sure the dust extraction system is switched on ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet they may make the best use ü Where possible keep bag emptying equipment away from doors, windows and and is working correctly before starting work. cleaning methods. of the control measures that walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of dust extraction ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of are implemented. systems. ¨ Clean up work rooms using vacuum or wet cleaning any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell techniques. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. your supervisor. ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control protective equipment provided in accordance with equipment, ensure additional control measures are instructions. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 16 17 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 3 Maintenance ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine Big bag emptying – bulk bags whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as respiratory protective equipment (with the appropriate advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working This sheet provides advice on how to empty bulk bags (big bags protection factor) should be provided and worn. order and in good repair. or jumbo bags) of diatomaceous earth. ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with equipment clean when not in use. the manufacturer’s recommendations. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at Access Examination and testing intervals recommended by its suppliers. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of Training damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant Design and equipment ü This guidance sheet is use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then Give your employees information on the health effects ü Ensure bag emptying equipment is t for purpose. check it before each use. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust recommended to employers to help them comply with the ü Enclose the bag emptying equipment as much as possible and keep it under ü ü Obtain information on the design performance of dust Provide employees with training on: dust exposure requirements of workplace negative pressure by using a local exhaust ventilation system – refer to task sheet suppression and/or extraction equipment from the prevention; checking controls are working and using health and safety legislation nepsi 2.1.13. . Experience shows that air velocities of 1 m.s-1 (200 fpm) into the supplier. Keep this information to compare with future them; when and how to use any respiratory protective by controlling exposure to hood are adequate for DE dust capture. test results. equipment provided and what to do if something goes respirable crystalline silica. û Manual bag cutting is not recommended without the use of personal wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time protective equipment. the Good Practice Guide. Specically, this sheet that complies with national laws (minimum ve years). provides advice on the use ü For single trip bulk bags without inner liner, use bag emptying equipment Supervision Cleaning and housekeeping and maintenance of personal featuring pyramidal cutting knives and a rubber membrane to seal off the bag ü Have a system to check that control measures are in protective equipment (PPE). bottom. ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI Following the key points of ü For multiple trip bulk bags, a discharge system with vibrator plate should be used ü Deal with spills immediately. task sheet 2.1.17. this task sheet will help and this should be equipped with local exhaust ventilation. reduce exposure. û Do not clean clothing using compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all ü Where multiple trip bulk bags are used, which have inner liners, special dust-free Depending on the specic ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. outlet connection systems are available which have double ring seals and fully circumstances of each case, enclosed product discharge. Personal Protective Equipment it may not be necessary to ü In order to dispose of empty bags without creating dust, do not manually apply all of the control ü Refer to task sheet IDPA n°1 dedicated to Personal compress the empty bags. Instead, drop them into a large plastic sack supported Protective Equipment. measures identied in this and held open by a metal frame. When it is full, seal the sack and dispose of it in a sheet in order to minimize suitable waste skip. Do not let the waste sack overow. Alternatively, use a exposure to respirable compactor equipped with a dust extraction system or which is fully enclosed. crystalline silica, i.e., to apply ü Bag emptying equipment should be connected to a suitable dust arrestment appropriate protection and system (e.g., bag lter/cyclone) prevention measures. ü Bag emptying equipment should be designed for easy access to all parts for This document should also maintenance, unblocking and cleaning. Access panels should be interlocked or Employee checklist for making the best use of the be made available to persons have trip devices where necessary to prevent persons accessing dangerous parts controls who may be exposed to of machinery. respirable crystalline silica in ¨ Make sure the ventilation system is working properly. ¨ Use handling aids when available. ü Consider providing mechanical/pneumatic assistance with bag handling. the workplace, in order that Make sure the dust extraction system is switched on ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet they may make the best use ü Where possible keep bag emptying equipment away from doors, windows and and is working correctly before starting work. cleaning methods. of the control measures that walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of dust extraction ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of are implemented. systems. ¨ Clean up work rooms using vacuum or wet cleaning any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell techniques. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. your supervisor. ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control protective equipment provided in accordance with equipment, ensure additional control measures are instructions. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 16 17 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 4 Maintenance Personal Protective Equipment Bulk silo truck unloading (pneumatic) ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as ü Refer to IDPA task sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working Protective Equipment. This activity covers the discharge of diatomaceous earth from a order and in good repair. silo truck into a storage silo ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, the manufacturer’s recommendations. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and Access Examination and testing worn. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant Design and equipment equipment clean when not in use. use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then This guidance sheet is Silo truck recommended to employers check it before each use. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at ü Limit the discharge rate to the design capacity of the receiving silo and dust to help them comply with the ü intervals recommended by its suppliers. extraction unit. Ofoading pressures should be agreed with the silo operator. Obtain information on the design performance of dust requirements of workplace suppression and/or extraction equipment from the Training health and safety legislation ü Tanker ofoading pipes, connectors and seals must be designed to withstand the supplier. Keep this information to compare with future high air pressures and abrasion associated with blowing operations. ü Give your employees information on the health effects by controlling exposure to test results. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. respirable crystalline silica. ü Note that there will be a surge of air pressure as the last DE powder is blown into ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time a silo. Hence the need for constant supervision of ofoading operations. ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure Specically, this sheet which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). prevention; checking controls are working and using provides advice on the use Customer silo and maintenance of personal Cleaning and housekeeping them; when and how to use any respiratory protective ü Storage silos should be purchased only from reputable suppliers. protective equipment (PPE). ü equipment provided and what to do if something goes Clean your workplace on a regular basis. ü wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of Following the key points of Appropriate engineering design methods should be employed to ensure adequate structural strength. ü Deal with spills immediately. the NEPSI Good Practice Guide. this task sheet will help reduce exposure. û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using ü Engineering controls must be employed to prevent over-pressurisation of the silo compressed air. Depending on the specic while it is being lled. Ensure that the silos are equipped with pressure relief devices and high-level alarms. They must also have dust extraction systems to circumstances of each case, ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. remove and clean the displaced air. it may not be necessary to apply all of the control ü Silo dust extraction units must be tted with lters that are appropriate to the measures identied in this particle size range of the product. sheet in order to minimize ü Ofoading pressures should be agreed with the tanker operator. exposure to respirable ü crystalline silica, i.e., to apply Note that DE products have varying bulk density. Put in place procedures to ensure that silos are not overlled. appropriate protection and prevention measures. ü Silos should be equipped with a dust extraction system to prevent the This document should also Employee checklist for making the best use of the emission of dust from the silo during be made available to persons controls tanker ofoading. who may be exposed to ¨ Make sure the ventilation system is working properly. ¨ Use handling aids when available. respirable crystalline silica in ü Pipework and ductwork should be designed to minimise shock losses Make sure the dust extraction system is switched on ¨ the workplace, in order that Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet (caused by bends, constrictions etc); to and is working correctly before starting work. they may make the best use cleaning methods. minimise dead spots where material may of the control measures that ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of accumulate and to facilitate easy ¨ Clean up control rooms using vacuum or wet cleaning are implemented. any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell clearing of blockages. techniques. your supervisor. ü Silo connection points should be located ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control as close as possible to the delivery protective equipment provided in accordance with equipment, ensure additional control measures are tanker parking area. This will eliminate instructions. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline the need for long lengths of exible silica dust while the problem persists. hose. ü Safe means of access should be provided to those parts of the silo requiring inspection and maintenance.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 18 19 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 4 Maintenance Personal Protective Equipment Bulk silo truck unloading (pneumatic) ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as ü Refer to IDPA task sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working Protective Equipment. This activity covers the discharge of diatomaceous earth from a order and in good repair. silo truck into a storage silo ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, the manufacturer’s recommendations. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and Access Examination and testing worn. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant Design and equipment equipment clean when not in use. use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then This guidance sheet is Silo truck recommended to employers check it before each use. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at ü Limit the discharge rate to the design capacity of the receiving silo and dust to help them comply with the ü intervals recommended by its suppliers. extraction unit. Ofoading pressures should be agreed with the silo operator. Obtain information on the design performance of dust requirements of workplace suppression and/or extraction equipment from the Training health and safety legislation ü Tanker ofoading pipes, connectors and seals must be designed to withstand the supplier. Keep this information to compare with future high air pressures and abrasion associated with blowing operations. ü Give your employees information on the health effects by controlling exposure to test results. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. respirable crystalline silica. ü Note that there will be a surge of air pressure as the last DE powder is blown into ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time a silo. Hence the need for constant supervision of ofoading operations. ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure Specically, this sheet which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). prevention; checking controls are working and using provides advice on the use Customer silo and maintenance of personal Cleaning and housekeeping them; when and how to use any respiratory protective ü Storage silos should be purchased only from reputable suppliers. protective equipment (PPE). ü equipment provided and what to do if something goes Clean your workplace on a regular basis. ü wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.19 and part 1 of Following the key points of Appropriate engineering design methods should be employed to ensure adequate structural strength. ü Deal with spills immediately. the NEPSI Good Practice Guide. this task sheet will help reduce exposure. û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using ü Engineering controls must be employed to prevent over-pressurisation of the silo compressed air. Depending on the specic while it is being lled. Ensure that the silos are equipped with pressure relief devices and high-level alarms. They must also have dust extraction systems to circumstances of each case, ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. remove and clean the displaced air. it may not be necessary to apply all of the control ü Silo dust extraction units must be tted with lters that are appropriate to the measures identied in this particle size range of the product. sheet in order to minimize ü Ofoading pressures should be agreed with the tanker operator. exposure to respirable ü crystalline silica, i.e., to apply Note that DE products have varying bulk density. Put in place procedures to ensure that silos are not overlled. appropriate protection and prevention measures. ü Silos should be equipped with a dust extraction system to prevent the This document should also Employee checklist for making the best use of the emission of dust from the silo during be made available to persons controls tanker ofoading. who may be exposed to ¨ Make sure the ventilation system is working properly. ¨ Use handling aids when available. respirable crystalline silica in ü Pipework and ductwork should be designed to minimise shock losses Make sure the dust extraction system is switched on ¨ the workplace, in order that Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet (caused by bends, constrictions etc); to and is working correctly before starting work. they may make the best use cleaning methods. minimise dead spots where material may of the control measures that ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of accumulate and to facilitate easy ¨ Clean up control rooms using vacuum or wet cleaning are implemented. any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell clearing of blockages. techniques. your supervisor. ü Silo connection points should be located ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control as close as possible to the delivery protective equipment provided in accordance with equipment, ensure additional control measures are tanker parking area. This will eliminate instructions. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline the need for long lengths of exible silica dust while the problem persists. hose. ü Safe means of access should be provided to those parts of the silo requiring inspection and maintenance.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 18 19 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 5 Maintenance ü Respiratory protective equipment (with the FPP3 Dry mixing of materials protection factor) may need to be worn when ü Maintain pipes/hoses, connectors and seals in good disconnecting the ofoading pipe at the back of the condition to reduce the likelihood of dust escaping This sheet provides guidance on the design and use of equipment tanker, when remedying any escape of dust or in the during blowing operations. used for the dry mixing of diatomaceous earth event control measures fail. ü Dust extraction systems on silos must be maintained in ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective accordance with manufacturers’ instructions. equipment clean when not in use. Replace this Access Examination and testing equipment at intervals recommended by suppliers. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü A competent person should test the performance of Training dust extraction systems at least annually. Design and equipment ü Give your employees information on the health effects This guidance sheet is ü ü Ensure that mixers are t for the intended purpose and that they are well Tanker drivers should check the condition of associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. recommended to employers pipes/hoses and seals daily and obtain replacements maintained. ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure to help them comply with the as necessary. ü Enclose mixers as much as possible. prevention; checking controls are working and used; requirements of workplace ü Any faults with the pipes/hoses/connectors and silo when and how to use any respiratory personal health and safety legislation ü Mixer lids and other access points should be sealed to prevent the escape of dust extraction systems must be reported as soon as protective equipment provided and what to do if by controlling exposure to dust. possible so that remedial action can be taken. respirable crystalline silica. something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet ü All covers and access doors must be securely closed before starting the mixer. Cleaning and housekeeping 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. Specically, this sheet ü The mixer charging point should be enclosed and provided with local exhaust provides advice on the use ü The tanker ofoading area should be kept clean and Supervision ventilation. and maintenance of personal tidy. ü Ensure procedures are in place to prevent overlling of protective equipment (PPE). ü Alternatively, local exhaust ventilation can be supplied at points inside the lid or ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. silos. Following the key points of rear of the mixer casing, so that there is a net inux of air through the charging ü this task sheet will help point and into the mixer. ü Deal with spills immediately. Have a system to check that dust control measures are in place and that they are being followed. Refer to reduce exposure. ü All extraction systems should be designed so as not to draw excessive amounts û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using NEPSI task sheet 2.1.17. Depending on the specic of raw material from the mixer. compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all circumstances of each case, ü When producing a dry mix, consider arrangements for dust-free discharge of ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. it may not be necessary to mixed products, e.g., direct discharge to an enclosed conveyor system. Personal Protective Equipment Ÿ apply all of the control Alternatively, provide local exhaust ventilation at the discharge point. measures identied in this ü ü Refer to IDPA task sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal Local exhaust ventilation systems must be connected to a suitable dust extraction sheet in order to minimize unit. Protective Equipment. exposure to respirable ü Where possible, mixer charging points should be located away from doors, ü Risk assessment must be carried out to check the crystalline silica, i.e., to apply windows and walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of local effectiveness of control measures. appropriate protection and exhaust ventilation systems. prevention measures. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. Employee checklist for making the best use of the This document should also controls be made available to persons who may be exposed to ¨ Tanker drivers must supervise their ofoading ¨ Clean up spillages of DE powder immediately, using respirable crystalline silica in operations at all times. vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the workplace, in order that ¨ Agree on off-loading pressures with the customer. ¨ Wear appropriate respiratory personal they may make the best use protective equipment when it is necessary to of the control measures that ¨ Check the condition of pipes, hoses and connectors enter dusty areas in order to rectify any escape are implemented. daily. of dust, or in the event other control measures fail. ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell protective equipment provided in accordance with your supervisor. instructions. ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control equipment, ensure additional control measures are taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 20 21 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 5 Maintenance ü Respiratory protective equipment (with the FPP3 Dry mixing of materials protection factor) may need to be worn when ü Maintain pipes/hoses, connectors and seals in good disconnecting the ofoading pipe at the back of the condition to reduce the likelihood of dust escaping This sheet provides guidance on the design and use of equipment tanker, when remedying any escape of dust or in the during blowing operations. used for the dry mixing of diatomaceous earth event control measures fail. ü Dust extraction systems on silos must be maintained in ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective accordance with manufacturers’ instructions. equipment clean when not in use. Replace this Access Examination and testing equipment at intervals recommended by suppliers. ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. ü A competent person should test the performance of Training dust extraction systems at least annually. Design and equipment ü Give your employees information on the health effects This guidance sheet is ü ü Ensure that mixers are t for the intended purpose and that they are well Tanker drivers should check the condition of associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. recommended to employers pipes/hoses and seals daily and obtain replacements maintained. ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure to help them comply with the as necessary. ü Enclose mixers as much as possible. prevention; checking controls are working and used; requirements of workplace ü Any faults with the pipes/hoses/connectors and silo when and how to use any respiratory personal health and safety legislation ü Mixer lids and other access points should be sealed to prevent the escape of dust extraction systems must be reported as soon as protective equipment provided and what to do if by controlling exposure to dust. possible so that remedial action can be taken. respirable crystalline silica. something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet ü All covers and access doors must be securely closed before starting the mixer. Cleaning and housekeeping 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. Specically, this sheet ü The mixer charging point should be enclosed and provided with local exhaust provides advice on the use ü The tanker ofoading area should be kept clean and Supervision ventilation. and maintenance of personal tidy. ü Ensure procedures are in place to prevent overlling of protective equipment (PPE). ü Alternatively, local exhaust ventilation can be supplied at points inside the lid or ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. silos. Following the key points of rear of the mixer casing, so that there is a net inux of air through the charging ü this task sheet will help point and into the mixer. ü Deal with spills immediately. Have a system to check that dust control measures are in place and that they are being followed. Refer to reduce exposure. ü All extraction systems should be designed so as not to draw excessive amounts û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using NEPSI task sheet 2.1.17. Depending on the specic of raw material from the mixer. compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all circumstances of each case, ü When producing a dry mix, consider arrangements for dust-free discharge of ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. it may not be necessary to mixed products, e.g., direct discharge to an enclosed conveyor system. Personal Protective Equipment Ÿ apply all of the control Alternatively, provide local exhaust ventilation at the discharge point. measures identied in this ü ü Refer to IDPA task sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal Local exhaust ventilation systems must be connected to a suitable dust extraction sheet in order to minimize unit. Protective Equipment. exposure to respirable ü Where possible, mixer charging points should be located away from doors, ü Risk assessment must be carried out to check the crystalline silica, i.e., to apply windows and walkways to prevent draughts affecting the performance of local effectiveness of control measures. appropriate protection and exhaust ventilation systems. prevention measures. ü Provide a clean air supply to the workroom to replace extracted air. Employee checklist for making the best use of the This document should also controls be made available to persons who may be exposed to ¨ Tanker drivers must supervise their ofoading ¨ Clean up spillages of DE powder immediately, using respirable crystalline silica in operations at all times. vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the workplace, in order that ¨ Agree on off-loading pressures with the customer. ¨ Wear appropriate respiratory personal they may make the best use protective equipment when it is necessary to of the control measures that ¨ Check the condition of pipes, hoses and connectors enter dusty areas in order to rectify any escape are implemented. daily. of dust, or in the event other control measures fail. ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell protective equipment provided in accordance with your supervisor. instructions. ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control equipment, ensure additional control measures are taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 20 21 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 6 Maintenance Personal Protective Equipment Transport systems for ne dry diatomaceous earth ü ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as Refer to IDPA Task Sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal products advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working Protective Equipment. order and in good repair. ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, Access the manufacturer’s recommendations. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. Examination and testing worn. Design and equipment ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant ü It is preferable to use closed handling systems when transporting diatomaceous equipment clean when not in use. use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then This guidance sheet is earth powder. recommended to employers check it before each use. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at ü Pneumatic systems are appropriate for both horizontal and vertical transport of to help them comply with the ü intervals recommended by its suppliers. diatomaceous earth. Obtain information on the design performance of dust requirements of workplace suppression and/or extraction equipment from the Training health and safety legislation ü For horizontal transport in pneumatic systems, pipes should be angled supplier. Keep this information to compare with future downwards where possible to prevent DE powder settling in the pipes and ü Give your employees information on the health effects by controlling exposure to test results. causing a blockage in the event system pressure is lost. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. respirable crystalline silica. ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü The pipe work in pneumatic systems should be designed to minimise ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure Specically, this sheet which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). unnecessary obstacles and to minimise sharp bends. Pipe connections should be prevention; checking controls are working and used; provides advice on the use properly sealed.High transport velocities are required to avoid having particles and maintenance of personal Cleaning and housekeeping when and how to use any respiratory personal settle in the duct. Typically, the target airow is about 15 m.s-1 (3000 fpm) for DE. protective equipment provided and what to do if protective equipment (PPE). ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. ü something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet Following the key points of For air slides, the uidising air will be drawn away by the dust extraction system. For this reason, air slides cannot be used if the product is too ne. If the surface ü Store containers in a safe place and dispose of empty 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. this task sheet will help containers safely. reduce exposure. area is more than 10,000 cm²/g, use screw conveyors. More than one de-dusting Supervision connection may be required on long lengths in order to correctly balance airows. ü Put lids on containers immediately after use. Depending on the specic ü Have a system to check that control measures are in ü Air slides should be inclined slightly in order to assist the horizontal transport of circumstances of each case, ü Deal with spills immediately. place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI DE powder. The quality of the cloth used in air slides should be selected to avoid it may not be necessary to task sheet 2.1.17. excessive pressure loss for the fan, whilst also preventing DE powder from falling û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using apply all of the control through the cloth and causing it to become blocked. compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all measures identied in this ü For screw conveyors, the screw must be enclosed. Specialist design is required ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. sheet in order to minimize exposure to respirable due to the properties of DE powder (contact an experienced supplier). crystalline silica, i.e., to apply ü Screw conveyors may need to be equipped with dust extraction systems unless appropriate protection and they are connected to equipment that already operates under negative pressure. prevention measures. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.13.

This document should also û Conveyor belts are not suitable for the transportation of loose DE powder. be made available to persons However, they may be used for the transport of other, coarser, materials and in who may be exposed to machinery that handles bags of DE powder. Conveyors handling bags of DE Employee checklist for making the best use of the respirable crystalline silica in powder, or other dusty materials, should be enclosed and equipped with dust controls extraction. the workplace, in order that ¨ Make sure the work area is well ventilated and that ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control they may make the best use ü Elevators are suitable for vertical transport, provided they are fully enclosed. Dust any dust extraction system is switched on and is equipment, ensure additional control measures are of the control measures that extraction systems may be required unless elevators are connected to equipment working correctly. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline are implemented. that already operates under negative pressure. silica dust while the problem persists. ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet ¨ cleaning methods. Dispose of spills immediately. Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal It may be necessary to apply uidising air at the base of silos holding DE powder. protective equipment provided in accordance with ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of Such systems should be designed so that the uidising air is only applied at times instructions. when it is necessary to make the DE powder ow out of the silo. Fluidising air should any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell not be left switched on permanently in situations where the air could migrate and your supervisor. cause DE powder to be emitted under pressure from elsewhere in the system.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 22 23 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. IDPAo Task Sheet N 6 Maintenance Personal Protective Equipment Transport systems for ne dry diatomaceous earth ü ü Ensure equipment used in the task is maintained as Refer to IDPA Task Sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal products advised by the supplier/installer in efcient working Protective Equipment. order and in good repair. ü Risk assessment must be carried out to determine ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with whether existing controls are adequate. If necessary, Access the manufacturer’s recommendations. respiratory personal protective equipment (with the appropriate protection factor) should be provided and ü Restrict access to the work area to authorised personnel only. Examination and testing worn. Design and equipment ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant ü It is preferable to use closed handling systems when transporting diatomaceous equipment clean when not in use. use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then This guidance sheet is earth powder. recommended to employers check it before each use. ü Replace respiratory personal protective equipment at ü Pneumatic systems are appropriate for both horizontal and vertical transport of to help them comply with the ü intervals recommended by its suppliers. diatomaceous earth. Obtain information on the design performance of dust requirements of workplace suppression and/or extraction equipment from the Training health and safety legislation ü For horizontal transport in pneumatic systems, pipes should be angled supplier. Keep this information to compare with future downwards where possible to prevent DE powder settling in the pipes and ü Give your employees information on the health effects by controlling exposure to test results. causing a blockage in the event system pressure is lost. associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. respirable crystalline silica. ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü The pipe work in pneumatic systems should be designed to minimise ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure Specically, this sheet which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). unnecessary obstacles and to minimise sharp bends. Pipe connections should be prevention; checking controls are working and used; provides advice on the use properly sealed.High transport velocities are required to avoid having particles and maintenance of personal Cleaning and housekeeping when and how to use any respiratory personal settle in the duct. Typically, the target airow is about 15 m.s-1 (3000 fpm) for DE. protective equipment provided and what to do if protective equipment (PPE). ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. ü something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet Following the key points of For air slides, the uidising air will be drawn away by the dust extraction system. For this reason, air slides cannot be used if the product is too ne. If the surface ü Store containers in a safe place and dispose of empty 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. this task sheet will help containers safely. reduce exposure. area is more than 10,000 cm²/g, use screw conveyors. More than one de-dusting Supervision connection may be required on long lengths in order to correctly balance airows. ü Put lids on containers immediately after use. Depending on the specic ü Have a system to check that control measures are in ü Air slides should be inclined slightly in order to assist the horizontal transport of circumstances of each case, ü Deal with spills immediately. place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI DE powder. The quality of the cloth used in air slides should be selected to avoid it may not be necessary to task sheet 2.1.17. excessive pressure loss for the fan, whilst also preventing DE powder from falling û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using apply all of the control through the cloth and causing it to become blocked. compressed air. ü Employers should make sure that employees have all measures identied in this ü For screw conveyors, the screw must be enclosed. Specialist design is required ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. sheet in order to minimize exposure to respirable due to the abrasive properties of DE powder (contact an experienced supplier). crystalline silica, i.e., to apply ü Screw conveyors may need to be equipped with dust extraction systems unless appropriate protection and they are connected to equipment that already operates under negative pressure. prevention measures. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.13.

This document should also û Conveyor belts are not suitable for the transportation of loose DE powder. be made available to persons However, they may be used for the transport of other, coarser, materials and in who may be exposed to machinery that handles bags of DE powder. Conveyors handling bags of DE Employee checklist for making the best use of the respirable crystalline silica in powder, or other dusty materials, should be enclosed and equipped with dust controls extraction. the workplace, in order that ¨ Make sure the work area is well ventilated and that ¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control they may make the best use ü Elevators are suitable for vertical transport, provided they are fully enclosed. Dust any dust extraction system is switched on and is equipment, ensure additional control measures are of the control measures that extraction systems may be required unless elevators are connected to equipment working correctly. taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline are implemented. that already operates under negative pressure. silica dust while the problem persists. ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum or wet ¨ cleaning methods. Dispose of spills immediately. Use, maintain and store any respiratory personal It may be necessary to apply uidising air at the base of silos holding DE powder. protective equipment provided in accordance with ¨ Look for signs of damage, wear or poor operation of Such systems should be designed so that the uidising air is only applied at times instructions. when it is necessary to make the DE powder ow out of the silo. Fluidising air should any equipment used. If you nd any problems, tell not be left switched on permanently in situations where the air could migrate and your supervisor. cause DE powder to be emitted under pressure from elsewhere in the system.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 22 23 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. Maintenance ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective equipment clean when not in use. ü Ensure equipment used in the task and building are maintained as advised by the supplier/installer in ü Provide enough places where personal protective efcient working order and in good repair. equipment can be found (e.g., box with disposable dust masks). Indicate those places with pictograms. ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Training

Examination and testing ü Give your employees information on the health effects associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then prevention; checking controls are working and used; check it before each use. when and how to use any respiratory personal protective equipment provided and what to do if ü Obtain information on the design performance of dust something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet suppression and/or extraction equipment from the 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. supplier. Keep this information to compare with future test results. Supervision

ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü Have a system to check that control measures are in which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.17. Cleaning and housekeeping ü Employers should make sure that employees have all ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using compressed air.

ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods.

Personal Protective Equipment

ü Refer to IDPA Task Sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal Protective Equipment.

ü Provide pictograms on doors to indicate areas where respiratory personal protective equipment must be worn.

Employee checklist for making the best use of the controls

¨ Look for signs of damage or wear of building parts ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum cleaning or and of your work equipment. If you nd any problems, wet cleaning methods. Dispose of spills safely. tell your supervisor. ¨ Clean up control cabins using vacuum or wet ¨ Problems with DE powder transportation systems may cleaning methods. be indicated by visible emissions of dust into the ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory workplace air and by the appearance of piles of DE personal protective equipment provided in powder on oors and surfaces. Report any of these to accordance with instructions. your supervisor.

¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control equipment, ensure additional control measures are taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 24 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. Maintenance ü Provide storage facilities to keep personal protective equipment clean when not in use. ü Ensure equipment used in the task and building are maintained as advised by the supplier/installer in ü Provide enough places where personal protective efcient working order and in good repair. equipment can be found (e.g., box with disposable dust masks). Indicate those places with pictograms. ü Replace consumables (lters, etc.) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Training

Examination and testing ü Give your employees information on the health effects associated with respirable crystalline silica dust. ü Visually check the cleaning equipment for signs of damage at least once per week or, if it is in constant ü Provide employees with training on: dust exposure use, check it more frequently. If used infrequently, then prevention; checking controls are working and used; check it before each use. when and how to use any respiratory personal protective equipment provided and what to do if ü Obtain information on the design performance of dust something goes wrong. Refer to NEPSI task sheet suppression and/or extraction equipment from the 2.1.19 and part 1 of the Good Practice Guide. supplier. Keep this information to compare with future test results. Supervision

ü Keep records of inspections for a suitable period of time ü Have a system to check that control measures are in which complies with national laws (minimum ve years). place and that they are being followed. Refer to NEPSI task sheet 2.1.17. Cleaning and housekeeping ü Employers should make sure that employees have all ü Clean your workplace on a regular basis. the means to perform the checklist given opposite. û Do not clean up with a dry brush or using compressed air.

ü Use vacuum or wet cleaning methods.

Personal Protective Equipment

ü Refer to IDPA Task Sheet n°1 dedicated to Personal Protective Equipment.

ü Provide pictograms on doors to indicate areas where respiratory personal protective equipment must be worn.

Employee checklist for making the best use of the controls

¨ Look for signs of damage or wear of building parts ¨ Clear up spills straight away. Use vacuum cleaning or and of your work equipment. If you nd any problems, wet cleaning methods. Dispose of spills safely. tell your supervisor. ¨ Clean up control cabins using vacuum or wet ¨ Problems with DE powder transportation systems may cleaning methods. be indicated by visible emissions of dust into the ¨ Use, maintain and store any respiratory workplace air and by the appearance of piles of DE personal protective equipment provided in powder on oors and surfaces. Report any of these to accordance with instructions. your supervisor.

¨ If you think there is a problem with your dust control equipment, ensure additional control measures are taken to reduce exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust while the problem persists.

A Guide to Safe Handling of Diatomaceous Earth Products - European Version 24 International Diatomite Producers Association A.I.S.B.L. For more information:

IInternationalDP DiatomiteA Producers Association

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