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Disertacija.Pdf UNIVERZITET SINGIDUNUM BEOGRAD DEPARTMAN ZA POSLEDIPLOMSKE STUDIJE I MEĐUNARODNU SARADNJU UNAPREĐENJE PERFORMANSI OBRAZOVNIH SISTEMA PRIMENOM BEŽIČNIH MESH MREŽA - DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA- Mentor: Kandidat: prof. dr Mladen Veinović Aleksandar Zakić, master BEOGRAD, 2015. UNIVERSITY OF SINGIDUNUM BELGRADE DEPARTMANT OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION DOCTORAL IMPROVING PERFORMANCE LEARNING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS MESH NETWORK - DOCTORAL DISSERTATION- Mentor: Candidate: prof. Mladen Veinović, PhD Aleksandar Zakić, master BELGRADE, 2015. SAŽETAK Nastava iz oblasti bežičnog umrežavanja i mobilnih mreža predstavlja neophodnu oblast bez koje današnje savremeno prihvatanja znanja iz računarskih nauka ne bi moglo da se sprovede. Studenti uče apstraktne pojmove o radu ovih sistema, ali se i svakodnevno susreću s različitim tehnologijama umrežavanja. Jedan od novih načina za povezivanje apstraktnih koncepata jeste korišćenje savremenih tehnologija kao što su računarstvo u oblaku (Cloud computing), emulatori i virtualizacija. Suština unapređenja performansi obrazovnih sistema se ogleda u izgradnji distribuiranih aplikacija primenom savremenih tehnologija. Za izgradnju ovakvog okruženja potrebno je da se studenti i predavači aktivno uključe u proces razvoja novih tehnologija, da bi stvorili optimalne uslove za eksperimente i nova naučna ostvarenja u oblasti informacionih i komunikacionih tehnologija. ABSTRACT Teaching in the field wireless and mobile network represent necessary area without which today society and acceptance of computer knowledge can’t be conducted. Students learn abstract notions about this systems, but they also on daily basis come across different technologies of networking. One of the newest ways for connecting abstract concepts is use of modern technologies like Cloud computing, emulators and virtualization. The essence of improvement performance of education systems is shown through building distributed applications by using modern technology. For this type of surrounding’s, students and teachers need to be active in the process of development of new technologies, so they can make optimal conditions for experiments and new scientific achievements in information-communication technologies. INDEKS SLIKA Slika 2.1 WMN mreža _________________________________________________________________ 7 Slika 2.2 Potpuno konektovana mesh mreža _______________________________________________ 8 Slika 2.3 Različite tehnologije u mesh mrežama ___________________________________________ 10 Slika 2.4 Point-to-Point topologija ______________________________________________________ 12 Slika 2.5 Linijska (bus) topologija _______________________________________________________ 12 Slika 2.6 Topologija zvezde (star) _______________________________________________________ 13 Slika 2.7 Topologija prstena (ring) ______________________________________________________ 13 Slika 2.8 Topologija stablo (Tree) _______________________________________________________ 14 Slika 2.9 Ravna WMN mreža __________________________________________________________ 15 Slika 2.10 Hijerarhijska WMN mreža ____________________________________________________ 16 Slika 2.11 Dodeljivanje potkanala MAC protokola _________________________________________ 17 Slika 3.1 Ruting u mesh mreži __________________________________________________________ 19 Slika 4.1 Prisluškivanje čvorova u mreži koje vrši eksterni maliciozni čvor _______________________ 30 Slika 4.2 Wormhole napad koji su pokrenuli nodovi M1 i M2 _________________________________ 31 Slika 4.3 Blackhole napad pokrenut pomoću noda M _______________________________________ 32 Slika 4.4 Ad hok mreža povezana na centralnu mesh mrežu _________________________________ 35 Slika 4.5 Korišćenje metrike poverenja (trust) za čvorove u rutiranju ___________________________ 41 Slika 4.6 Zahtev za rutom (RREQ) upit u AODV protokolu. S i D su izvorišni i odredišni čvorovi respektivno. ________________________________________________________________________ 43 Slika 4.7 Route-odgovor (RREP) paket u AODV protokolu. S i D su izvorišni i odredišni čvorovi respektivno ________________________________________________________________________ 44 Slika 4.8 Struktura RREQ poruke u SEAODV protokolu ______________________________________ 52 Slika 4.9 Struktura RREP poruke u SEAODV protokolu ______________________________________ 52 Slika 4.10 Struktura RERR poruke u SEAODV protokolu _____________________________________ 53 Slika 4.11 Load balancing u IEEE 802.11 mreži ____________________________________________ 57 Slika 4.12 Lokacija baznih stanica mesh mreže ITSNet provajdera _____________________________ 60 Slika 5.1 Tok jedne OGM poruke poreklom iz levog skupa čvorova ____________________________ 64 Slika 5.2 OLSR: Normalan protok bez MPR selekcije ________________________________________ 70 Slika 5.3 OLSR: Smanjen protok sa MPR selekcijom ________________________________________ 71 Slika 5.4 Konfiguracija WMN mreže sa četiri čvora _________________________________________ 72 Slika 5.5 CLI OpenWRT čvora __________________________________________________________ 73 Slika 5.6 WEB interfejs OpenWRT čvora _________________________________________________ 73 Slika 5.7 Konfiguracija interfejsa _______________________________________________________ 76 Slika 5.8 Vizuelni prikaz čvorova _______________________________________________________ 78 Slika 6.1 Open vSwitch _______________________________________________________________ 88 Slika 6.2 Virtualizacija ________________________________________________________________ 89 Slika 6.3 Linux kontejneri – MeshLAB ____________________________________________________ 93 Slika 6.4 Virtual Private Server _________________________________________________________ 94 Slika 6.5 WMN čvor _________________________________________________________________ 96 Slika 6.6 WMN mreža čvorova _________________________________________________________ 97 Slika 6.7 Kreiranje čvorova za WMN mrežu ______________________________________________ 100 Slika 6.8 GraphViz šema za datu topologiju _____________________________________________ 102 Slika 6.9 Promenjena fizička topologija WMN mreže ______________________________________ 103 Slika 6.10 GraphViz šema za datu topologiju ____________________________________________ 105 Slika 7.1 WMN mreža predstavljena neusmerenim težinskim grafom _________________________ 111 Slika 7.2Matrica susedstva ___________________________________________________________ 112 Slika 7.3 Laplasova matrica __________________________________________________________ 112 Slika 7.4Sopstvene vrednosti Laplasove matrice __________________________________________ 113 Slika 7.5 Sopstvene vrednosti Laplasove matrice _________________________________________ 113 Slika 7.6 Sopstveni vektori ___________________________________________________________ 114 Slika 7.7 Grafički prikaz vektora sopstvenih vrednosti _____________________________________ 114 Slika 7.8 Normalizovane vrednosti prva dva sopstvena vektora Laplasove matrice ______________ 115 Slika 7.9 Klasterizacija čvorova _______________________________________________________ 115 Slika 8.1 Mreža WMN čvorova ________________________________________________________ 119 INDEKS TABELA Tabela 2.1 Mrežni standardi ..................................................................................................................... 9 Tabela 4.1 Različiti tipovi ranjivosti na različitim nivoima OSI ............................................................... 27 Tabela 4.2 Komparacija bezbednosnih protokola rutiranja u WMN mrežama ...................................... 54 Tabela 5.1 batman OGM format paketa ................................................................................................ 64 Tabela 5.2 Platforma i konfiguracije rutiranja ....................................................................................... 83 Tabela 8.1 Prednosti MeshLAB okruženja ............................................................................................ 117 Tabela 8.2 Nedostaci MeshLAB okruženja............................................................................................ 118 Tabela 8.3 Utisci studenata .................................................................................................................. 118 Tabela 8.4 Uporedni prikaz propusne moći .......................................................................................... 122 REČNIK POJMOVA U daljem tekstu date su definicije osnovnih pojmova: MESH – tehnologija umrežavanja i fizička topologija. Pogodnost ove tehnologije jeste ta što se veoma lako nadograđuje postojeća mrežna infrastruktura. WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) – bežična mesh mreža. Otpornost na kvarove i jednostavno proširenje su glavne prednosti WMN mreža. Sama topologija, odnosno veliki broj čvorova čini WMN mreže otpornim na kvarove. AP (Access Point) – bežična pristupna tačka. Uređaj koji spaja WiFi uređaje u jednu bežičnu mrežu. AP se obično spaja na žičanu mrežu i prenosi podatke između žičanih i bežičnih mreža. WiFi – Wireless-Fidelity (IEEE 802.11) jeste bežična mreža gde se podaci između dva ili više računara prenose radio-frekvencijama (RF) i odgovarajućim antenama. Najčešće se koristi u LAN mrežama (WLAN), ali je u poslednje vreme sve zastupljeniji bežični pristup WAN mreži – internetu. Wi-Fi je brend Wi-Fi alijanse koja propisuje standarde i izdaje sertifikate za sve Wi-Fi uređaje. Wi-Fi je 1991 godine izumela NCR korporacija/AT&T u NieuwegeinuNivegejnu, Holandija.
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