DOCSLIB.ORG

Grinding Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grinding Work ÜMACHINING | Grinding The Problem Inability to quote on complex, Grinding Work tighter tolerance work RINDING SHOP OWNers Goods Program approved company Tim and Wendy Middlehurst specializes in the production of carbide G have a wish list of machines they tooling for cold forming, fastener and would like to purchase for their newly spring industries. The fast-growing expanded 8,000 sq ft Orangeville, ON, company expanded its facility last year, The Solution shop, Hi-Quality Carbide Tooling Inc. adding 4,400 sq ft to an existing 3,600 Internal cylindrical grinder “There are currently eight items on sq ft and set up a new quality inspection for complete ID forms the wish list,” says Wendy, vice president department featuring a Mitutoyo Crysta- and secretary/treasurer of the company. Apex S544 full contact CMM. Today, ID cylindrical grinder rounds out full service grinding for tooling shop BY MARY SCIANNA Hi-Quality Carbide Tooling owners Wendy and Tim Middlehurst with the new Studer grinder, the CT960, the number one item on their machine "wish list." The new Studer CT960 grinder from the shop offers OD, ID and surface United Grinding is number one on that grinding services, as well as vertical and list. The grinder was purchased through horizontal honing, polishing, wire EDM United Grinding’s distributor Machine cutting (the company just purchased and Tools Systems, Toronto, and installed installed a new Sodick wire EDM) and this past August. CNC turning. The new machine is a dream that The new Studer ID cylindrical grinder took four years to turn into a reality. The is the second Studer in the company’s Studer ID grinder is the latest in a line- shop. Hi-Quality purchased the first up of more than 25 machines, of which Studer, the S33 CNC OD cylindrical nine are cylindrical or surface grinders. grinder, in 2007. Founded in 1980 by Tim “It was the top of its class for the A close up view of the interior of the Studer Middlehurst’s father Dennis, the ISO application we required, which was CT960 grinder. 9001:2008 certified and Controlled grinding carbide extrusion pins. The 28 www.shopmetaltech.com SEPTEMBER 2013 THE EQUIPMENT FLEXIBILITY, VERSATILITY an D AUTOmaTic finiShing are key characteristics of the Studer CT960 internal cylindrical grinding machine that helped make the decision to purchase it an easy one for Hi-Quality Carbide Tooling owners Tim and Wendy Middlehurst. The compact grinder can perform internal, external and form grinding, and polishing of a range of parts in a single clamping. The first Studer grinder in the shop, the S33 CNC OD cylindrical grinder. Impressed with the performance of this Studer, Tim and Wendy Middlehurst decided to purchase a second Studer. first Studer opened up a new market for back then, but it didn’t exist.” us and brought more customers to our Before purchasing the machine, Tim shop,” explains Tim. and Wendy attended IMTS 2012 to Indeed, in 2009, the company research other similar grinders. produced its first set of solid carbide feed “It was our first time going to IMTS rolls for the spring industry and solid and that show sealed it for us because carbide edge rolls for the magnetic wire after seeing similar machines made by shaping industry using the first Studer other manufacturers, we came back CNC cylindrical grinder. home with a list of machines that we Impressed with the performance of didn’t want to buy,” says Tim. “When its first Studer, the machine tool builder we compared the Studer to these and the service, Tim and Wendy went other machines, there really was no The machine offers complete to Switzerland in 2009 to see the Studer comparison.” finishing of ground parts with up to CT960 in action. Although Tim and Wendy knew the four grinding spindles on the turret. “I had never seen or heard of a Studer CT960 was the right machine The spindle turret is equipped with a direct drive motor with a resolution machine like it,” recalls Tim. “It was for their shop, it took close to four years of 0.00005°. The integrated swivel able to grind complete ID forms without to make the purchase and to justify the axis (B1) on the spindle turret is key having to specifically dress the form into almost one million dollar investment. to the complete machining concept of the grinder as it swivels automatically, the wheel. You can use a simple wheel “Back in 2009, the economy was enabling the use of up to four grinding profile to grind a very complex form, still unpredictable and we were already spindles. The workhead’s swivelling go in with another wheel, since it has managing a lot of work,” says Wendy. automatic B axis, also equipped with a direct drive motor, has a swiveling multiple wheel heads, and finish and “Tim wanted the machine and we range of 61° to 91°. The B axis is polish it in the same chucking.” knew it could bring in more work but it sealed off, requiring no maintenance. Tim was especially impressed with was a significant investment. I needed Sensors and a measuring probe on the machine help maintain grinding the machine’s ability to eliminate time- to evaluate the potential revenue in accuracies and tolerances. The consuming manual hand dressing and order to see if it would offset the cost sensors monitor processes during polishing. of the machine. We needed to do a lot grinding and dressing, while the probe is used for such functions as length “Years ago, my father and I would of number-crunching to justify the positioning, measuring non-interrupted have to hand dress the form onto the investment.” inner and outer diameters, optimizing wheel and plunge in, and we’d be there By 2012, existing customers were grinding cycles and detecting thread positioning. for hours. Then we’d have to take the asking for more grinding services from The machine is equipped with a part out and hand polish it. The CT960 Hi-Quality Carbide. Customers wanted 31i-/A series Fanuc control. is the machine we always dreamt about a turnkey grinding operation. The SEPTEMBER 2013 www.shopmetaltech.com 29 MACHINING | Grinding A view of Hi-Quality Carbide Tooling's shop in Ü Orangeville,ON. better quality part all because of the new www.hiqualitycarbide.com grinder,” adds Tim. www.grinding.com The future is looking bright for Hi- www.machinetoolsystems.com Quality Carbide Tooling. Although the company has just expanded its existing grinding.” operation, Tim and Wendy estimate demand from existing customers, and In fact, Tim estimates that 85 to 95 they’ll outgrow it within the next three the potential to grow the business with per cent of the work the shop does will to five years and will need to expand new customers, spurred Tim and Wendy end up going through the new machine further. to purchase the machine. It’s already at some stage. More importantly, it will As for the machine wish list, Tim and beginning to pay for itself and they eliminate much of the honing and hand Wendy are looking at purchasing another forecast a return on investment (ROI) of polishing they used to have to perform Studer grinder. “This new grinder can approximately three years. by hand on the parts. handle very complex parts. I’d like “We have existing customers that “We’re streamlining the operations, another Studer like it, but a simpler have work we’ve never quoted on reducing manual processes and getting a version to handle less complex parts.” SMT because we didn’t have the grinding capabilities,” says Tim. “Now we can For more information on machining technologies, visit Shop Metalworking quote on that work because this machine Technology’s Machining ZONE online at www.shopmetaltech.com. can do out of round grinding and thread .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Machining Online Manufacturing Training
    MACHINING ONLINE MANUFACTURING TRAINING MACHINING FUNDAMENTALS 5S Overview Cutting Processes Hole Standards and Inspection Math: Fractions and Decimals Thread Standards and Inspection Band Saw Operation Essentials of Heat Treatment of Steel Intro to OSHA Metal Cutting Fluid Safety Trigonometry: Sine, Cosine, Tangent Basic Cutting Theory Ferrous Metals Introduction to Mechanical Properties Noise Reduction/Hearing Conservation Units of Measurement Basic Measurement Fire Safety and Prevention Introduction to Metal Cutting Fluids Overview of Machine Tools Walking and Working Surfaces Basics of Tolerance Geometry: Circles and Polygons ISO 9001: 2015 Review Personal Protective Equipment Bloodborne Pathogens Geometry: Lines and Angles Lean Manufacturing Overview Powered Industrial Truck Safety Blueprint Reading Geometry: Triangles Lockout/Tagout Procedures Safety for Lifting Devices Calibration Fundamentals Hand and Power Tool Safety Math Fundamentals SDS and Hazard Communication GRINDING TECH Basic Grinding Theory Cylindrical Grinder Operation Grinding Variables Major Rules of GD&T Supporting and Locating Principles Basics of G Code Programming Dressing and Truing Grinding Wheel Geometry Metrics for Lean Surface Grinder Operation Basics of the Centerless Grinder Essentials of Communication Grinding Wheel Materials Process Flow Charting Surface Texture and Inspection Basics of the Cylindrical Grinder Essentials of Leadership Intro to Fastener Threads Setup for the Centerless Grinder Troubleshooting Basics of the Surface Grinder Grinding Ferrous
    [Show full text]
  • Controls the Rotation and Longitudinal Motion of the Workpiece
    CHAPTER 2- ABRASIVE GRINDING PROCESSES. LEARNING OBJECTIVES D Understand the types of different grinding machines D Techniques of grinding D Various application of grinding machines -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Classification of Grinding Processes. Grinding machines can be best classified according to the type of surfaces they are used to produce. In order to bring the job to the required shape, size and surface finish the surplus stock is removed either by feeding the job against the revolving wheel or by forcing the revolving wheel against the job. Conventional grinding machines can be broadly classified as Surface grinding machine Cylindrical grinding machine Internal grinding machine Tool and cutter grinding machine SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE Basically there are four different types of surface grinding machines characterised by the movement of their tables and the orientation of grinding wheel spindles as follows: Horizontal spindle & reciprocating table Vertical spindle & reciprocating table Horizontal spindle & rotary table Vertical spindle & rotary table Figure 1: Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table Complied by: Jagdeesha T, Assistant Professor, Mech Engg Dept., National Institute of Technology, Calicut Figure 2: a) Transverse Grinding b) Plunge Grinding Vertical Spindle reciprocating table grinder This grinding machine with all working motions is shown in Fig. 3a. The grinding operation is similar to that of face milling on a vertical milling machine. In this machine a cup shaped wheel grinds the workpiece over its full width using end face of the wheel as shown in Fig 3b. This brings more grits in action at the same time and consequently a higher material removal rate may be attained than for grinding with a peripheral wheel.
    [Show full text]
  • Manufacturing Glossary
    MANUFACTURING GLOSSARY Aging – A change in the properties of certain metals and alloys that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after a hot-working operation or a heat-treatment (quench aging in ferrous alloys, natural or artificial aging in ferrous and nonferrous alloys) or after a cold-working operation (strain aging). The change in properties is often, but not always, due to a phase change (precipitation), but never involves a change in chemical composition of the metal or alloy. Abrasive – Garnet, emery, carborundum, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond, cubic boron nitride, or other material in various grit sizes used for grinding, lapping, polishing, honing, pressure blasting, and other operations. Each abrasive particle acts like a tiny, single-point tool that cuts a small chip; with hundreds of thousands of points doing so, high metal-removal rates are possible while providing a good finish. Abrasive Band – Diamond- or other abrasive-coated endless band fitted to a special band machine for machining hard-to-cut materials. Abrasive Belt – Abrasive-coated belt used for production finishing, deburring, and similar functions.See coated abrasive. Abrasive Cutoff Disc – Blade-like disc with abrasive particles that parts stock in a slicing motion. Abrasive Cutoff Machine, Saw – Machine that uses blade-like discs impregnated with abrasive particles to cut/part stock. See saw, sawing machine. Abrasive Flow Machining – Finishing operation for holes, inaccessible areas, or restricted passages. Done by clamping the part in a fixture, then extruding semisolid abrasive media through the passage. Often, multiple parts are loaded into a single fixture and finished simultaneously. Abrasive Machining – Various grinding, honing, lapping, and polishing operations that utilize abrasive particles to impart new shapes, improve finishes, and part stock by removing metal or other material.See grinding.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.1 GRINDING Definitions
    UNIT-V GRINDING AND BROACHING 5.1 Grinding Definitions Cutting conditions in grinding Wheel wear Surface finish and effects of cutting temperature Grinding wheel Grinding operations Finishing Processes Introduction Finishing processes 5.1 GRINDING Definitions Abrasive machining is a material removal process that involves the use of abrasive cutting tools. There are three principle types of abrasive cutting tools according to the degree to which abrasive grains are constrained, bonded abrasive tools: abrasive grains are closely packed into different shapes, the most common is the abrasive wheel. Grains are held together by bonding material. Abrasive machining process that use bonded abrasives include grinding, honing, superfinishing; coated abrasive tools: abrasive grains are glued onto a flexible cloth, paper or resin backing. Coated abrasives are available in sheets, rolls, endless belts. Processes include abrasive belt grinding, abrasive wire cutting; free abrasives: abrasive grains are not bonded or glued. Instead, they are introduced either in oil-based fluids (lapping, ultrasonic machining), or in water (abrasive water jet cutting) or air (abrasive jet machining), or contained in a semisoft binder (buffing). Regardless the form of the abrasive tool and machining operation considered, all abrasive operations can be considered as material removal processes with geometrically undefined cutting edges, a concept illustrated in the figure: The concept of undefined cutting edge in abrasive machining. Grinding Abrasive machining can be likened to the other machining operations with multipoint cutting tools. Each abrasive grain acts like a small single cutting tool with undefined geometry but usually with high negative rake angle. Abrasive machining involves a number of operations, used to achieve ultimate dimensional precision and surface finish.
    [Show full text]
  • Grinding Machine Construction Types of Grinders
    Grinding machine A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing very fine finishes or making very light cuts, using an abrasive wheel as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up of various sizes and types of stones, diamonds or of inorganic materials. For machines used to reduce particle size in materials processing see grinding. Construction The grinding machine consists of a power driven grinding wheel spinning at the required speed (which is determined by the wheel’s diameter and manufacturer’s rating, usually by a formula) and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the work-piece. The grinding head can be controlled to travel across a fixed work piece or the workpiece can be moved whilst the grind head stays in a fixed position. Very fine control of the grinding head or tables position is possible using a vernier calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of NC or CNC controls. Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of heat; they therefore incorporate a coolant to cool the workpiece so that it does not overheat and go outside its tolerance. The coolant also benefits the machinist as the heat generated may cause burns in some cases. In very high-precision grinding machines (most cylindrical and surface grinders) the final grinding stages are usually set up so that they remove about 2/10000mm (less than 1/100000 in) per pass - this generates so little heat that even with no coolant, the temperature rise is negligible. Types of grinders These machines include the Belt grinder, which is usually used as a machining method to process metals and other materials, with the aid of coated abrasives.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Grinding Wheels
    GRINDING Abrasive process Metal is removed with the help of ROTATING GRINDING WHEEL Wheels are made of fine grains of abrasive materials held together by a bonding material called a BOND Types of operations performed in cylindrical grinding 1. TRAVERSE GRINDING 2. PLUNGE GRINDING GRINDING MACHINES Conventional grinding machines can be broadly classified as: (a) Surface grinding machine (b) Cylindrical grinding machine (c) Internal grinding machine (d) Tool and cutter grinding machine HORIZONTAL GRINDING • Full depth and stock is removed with one or two passes at low work speed • Very high forces are generated • High rigidity and power CYLINDRICAL GRINDING SURFACE GRINDING CENRELESS GRINDING Surface grinding machine Machine may be similar to a milling machine used mainly to grind flat surface Basically there are four different types of surface grinding machines characterized by the movement of their tables and the orientation of grinding wheel spindles • Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table • Vertical spindle and reciprocating table • Horizontal spindle and rotary table • Vertical spindle and rotary table Horizontal spindle reciprocating table surface grinder Surface grinding (a) traverse grinding (b) plunge grinding Vertical spindle reciprocating Surface grinding in Vertical spindle table surface grinder reciprocating table surface grinder Cylindrical grinding machine This machine is used to produce external cylindrical surface. Surfaces may be straight, tapered, steps or profiled. Broadly there are three different types of cylindrical grinding machine as follows: 1. Plain centre type cylindrical grinder 2. Universal cylindrical surface grinder 3. Centreless cylindrical surface grinder Plain centre type cylindrical grinder Classification of Grinding Machines TYPES OF GRINDING WHEELS Straight Wheel These are generally used for cylindrical, internal, centreless and surface grinding operations.
    [Show full text]
  • CNC Grinding [email protected]
    Developing The “Sweet Spot” In Grinding By Steven Kendjelic CNC Grinding [email protected] - 1 - Preface Various methods have been employed in the effort to grind difficult to machine materials. The milling and broaching process’s generated high tooling costs and required secondary operations to remove burrs. Surface grinding while an accurate process, was slow and did not always provide a feasible cycle time. With the small incremental infeed and limited part cooling, thermal damage resulted when material removal rates were increased. In Electro Chemical Grinding (ECG), the electric current passing from the wheel (cathode) to the work piece (anode) removes material 80% by electrolytic action and the other 20% through mechanical action using an abrasive wheel. While the material removal rates are as much as 60% faster than surface grinding the economic costs of electrolyte and disposal usually make this the non-preferred method. Similarly, Electro Chemical Discharge Grinding (ECDG) follows the same basic principles, however, the abrasive grinding wheel is replaced by a graphite wheel. Both processes permit low machining temperatures and forces used on hard materials with minimal burrs. This process is limited, however, to tolerances of +/- .002 in. or more while the edge of the work piece features edge degradation. Recently the author has used a steel core, direct plated uncoated Cubic Boron Nitride grain in the ECG process, which eliminated the form-dressing requirements. Nonetheless, closer part tolerances will require true grinding operations. Electro Chemical Machining has also been experimented with for dressing metal bond grinding wheels. In a conventional production grinding application the dressing of the wheel requires a dedicated off line electro chemical machining station due to the process requirements and electrolyte solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Skillpoint Technical Training Course Catalog
    Course Catalog advancedtech.com advancedtech.com 1 The Ultimate Training Solution: Comprehensive, Customizable and Convenient. SkillPoint™ Technical Training from Advanced Technology Services (ATS) provides a flexible solution to your maintenance training needs. With offerings ranging from introductory wiring to advanced PLC networks, SkillPoint has a full line of online and hands-on programs. Assessment Our process helps you validate skill gaps and then identify where to start and how to best invest in employee development. Consultation SkillPoint assessment findings are used to customize a flexible training strategy that addresses your organization’s needs. Online Courses Develop a solid foundation of knowledge so your staff gets the skills they need and you get the best long-term results. Hands-On Courses Eliminate travel costs by bringing training station equipment and a SkillPoint instructor to your operation. Courses are completely customizable and suited to your schedule. Results Training can increase productivity, reduce equipment failures, develop technician independence, improve retention and job satisfaction. Safety Boost technician confidence and improve the overall safety of your facility. Training can save lives. 2 advancedtech.com Assessment Find out where to start and how to best invest in employee development. Our validated gap analysis offers high level insight of organizational and individual needs. • SkillPoint Assessment: 100 question proctored exam for each technician • Site Tour: Plant, process and equipment details for customized prescriptive solution • Interview Process: Discussion of pain points, key metrics and interpretations of workforce Understanding how to ‘move the dial’ through employee development is more complex than knowing your critical equipment list, identifying your leading contributors to downtime and surveying the skills gap interpretations of your staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Grinding Machines: (14 Metal Buildup:And (15) the (Shipboard) Repair Department and Repair Work
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 203 130 CE 029 243 AUTHOR Bynum, Michael H.: Taylor, Edward A. TITLE Machinery Repairman 3 6 2. Rate TrainingManual and Nonresident Career Course. Revised. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command,Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NAVEDTRA-10530-E PUB DATE 81 NOTE 671p.: Photographs andsome diagrams will not reproduce well. EDRS PRICE MF03/PC27 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; CorrespondenceStudy; *Equipment Maintenance: Rand Tools;Independent Study: Instructional Materials: LearningActivities: Machine Repairers: *Machine Tools;*Mechanics (Process): Military Training: Postsecondary Education: *Repair: Textbooks: *Tradeand Industrial Education IDENTIFIERS Navy ABSTRACT This Rate Training Manual (textbook)and Nonresident Career Course form a correspondence self-studypackage to teach the theoretical knowledge and mental skillsneeded by the Machinery Repairman Third Class and Second Class. The15 chapters in the textbook are (1)Scope of the Machinery Repairman Rating:(2) Toolrooms and Tools:(3) Layout and Benchwork: (4) Metals and Plastics:(51 Power Saws and Drilling Machines:(6) Offhand Grinding of Tools:(7) Lathes and Attachments:(8) Basic Engine Lathe Operations:(9) Advanced Engine Lathe Operations: (10)Turret Lathes and Turret Lathe Operations:(11) Milling Machines and Milling Operations:(121 Shapers, Planers, and Engravers: (13)Precision Grinding Machines: (14 Metal Buildup:and (15) The (Shipboard) Repair Department and Repair Work. Appendixesinclude Tabular Tnformation of Benefit to Machinery Repairman(23 tables), Formulas. for Spur Gearing, Formulas for DiametralPitch System, and Glossary. The Nonresident Career Course follows theindex. It contains T1 assignments, which are organized into thefollowing format: textbook assignment and learning objectives withrelated sets of teaching items to be answered. (YLB) *********************************************************************** Peproductions supplied by EDRSare the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Tool and Die Maker
    National Occupational Analysis Tool and Die Maker 2014 Occupational Analyses Series Tool and Die Maker 2014 Trades and Apprenticeship Division Division des métiers et de l’apprentissage Workplace Partnerships Directorate Direction des partenariats en milieu de travail National Occupational Classification: 7232 Disponible en français sous le titre : Outilleur-ajusteur/outilleuse-ajusteuse You can download this publication by going online: http://www12.hrsdc.gc.ca This document is available on demand in multiple formats (large print, Braille, audio cassette, audio CD, e-text diskette, e-text CD, or DAISY), by contacting 1 800 O-Canada (1-800-622-6232). If you use a teletypewriter (TTY), call 1-800-926-9105. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2014 For information regarding reproduction rights: [email protected] PDF Cat. No.: Em15-1/7-2014E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-100-25001-4 ESDC Cat. No. : LM-487-10-14E _________________________________________________________________ You can download this publication and find more information on Red Seal trades by going online: http://www.red-seal.ca FOREWORD The Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) recognizes this National Occupational Analysis as the national standard for the occupation of Tool and Die Maker. Background The first National Conference on Apprenticeship in Trades and Industries, held in Ottawa in 1952, recommended that the federal government be requested to cooperate with provincial and territorial apprenticeship committees and officials in preparing analyses of a number of skilled occupations. To this end, Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) sponsors a program, under the guidance of the CCDA, to develop a series of National Occupational Analyses (NOAs).
    [Show full text]
  • FEATURES of CYLINDRICAL GRINDER CNC UNIVERSAL SERIES
    FEATURES of C YLINDRICAL G RINDER CNC U NIVERSAL S ERIES The Supertec GU CNC series are designed for grinding complex workpieces in small and large batch productions as well as individual parts. It is built with a distance between centers from 650 mm to 1000 mm and swing over table of Ø320 mm. Equipped with automatic swiveling axis (B-axis) on the wheel head, GU CNC series can perform OD plunge grinding, OD traverse grinding, shoulder grinding, taper grinding, end-face grinding, and ID grinding operations under single clamping. This grinding machine is especially suitable for the automotives, machine tools, and aerospace, hydraulic, pneumatic and electric motor supply industries. The reinforced ribbed box-type base is made of Meehanite cast-iron, to ensure the high rigidity and stability of machine. Precision manual scraped V and flat guideways, Hydrodynamic lubrication system and Turcile-B guarantee a long lifetime of quality. Capacities ： a. Distance between centers: 600/1000 mm (24”/40”) b. Swing over table: Ø320 mm (Ø12.6”) c. Maximum grinding diameter: Ø300 mm (Ø12”) d. Maximum loading between centers: 100 kg (220 lbs) Cylindrical Grinder CNC Universal Series The CE certified full enclosure with two large sliding doors provides sufficient space for calibration setup and grinding operations. Modularized design of the GU CNC series ensures the high accuracy performance of the machine. Packing dimension (L x W x H) ： 3640 x 2280 x 2130 mm (GU-650) 4540 x 2280 x 2130 mm (GU-1000) Net weight ： 5800 kgs (GU-650) / 6500 kgs (GU-1000) Gross weight ： 6300 kgs (GU-650) / 7200 kgs (GU-1000) Cylindrical Grinder CNC Universal Series ADVANTAGES Turret Wheel Head The universal wheel head has been designed for OD plunge, OD angular and ID grinding in a single clamping.
    [Show full text]
  • Grinding Grinding Is the Most Common Form of Abrasive Machining. It Is Acutting Process Which Engages an Abrasive Tool Whose
    Grinding Grinding is the most common form of abrasive machining. It is acutting process which engages an abrasive tool whose cutting elements are grains of abrasive material known as grit. The grits are held together by a suitable bonding material to give shape of an abrasive tool. Advantages of grinding • dimensional accuracy • good surface finish • good form and locational accuracy • applicable to both hardened and unhardened material. Applications of grinding •surface finishing • slitting and parting • descaling, deburring • stock removal (abrasive milling) • finishing of flat as well as cylindrical surface • grinding of tools and cutters and resharpening of the same . Conventional grinding machines are classified as: (a) Surface grinding machine (b) Cylindrical grinding machine (c) Internal grinding machine (d) Tool and cutter grinding machine a)Surface grinding machine: This machine may be similar to a milling machine used mainly to grind flat surface. However, some types of surface grinders are also capable of producing contour surface with formed grinding wheel. Basically there are four different types of surface grinding machines characterised by the movement of their tables and the orientation of grinding wheel spindles as follows: • Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table • Vertical spindle and reciprocating table • Horizontal spindle and rotary table • Vertical spindle and rotary table B)Cylindrical grinding machine This machine is used to produce external cylindrical surface. The surfaces may be straight, tapered, steps or profiled. Broadly there are three different types of cylindrical grinding machine as follows: 1. Plain centre type cylindrical grinder 2. Universal cylindrical surface grinder 3. Centreless cylindrical surface grinder Plain centre type cylindrical grinder Universal cylindrical surface grinder Centreless grinder C)Internal grinding machine This machine is used to produce internal cylindrical surface.
    [Show full text]