1 Gazprom Neft PJSC Financial and Operating Results in 12M and Q4
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Testimony: the Russian Economy: More Than Just Energy?
The Russian Economy: More than Just Energy? Anders Åslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics Testimony for the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament April 2009 1 Introduction Russia has enjoyed a decade of high economic growth because of the eventually successful market reforms of the 1990s as well as an oil boom. For the last six years, however, the Russian economy has become increasingly dysfunctional because the authorities have done nothing to impede corruption. The energy sector has been a generator of corrupt revenues, and its renationalization has concentrated these corrupt incomes in the hands of the security police elite. Russia depends on the European Union for most of its exports and imports, but no free trade agreement is even on the horizon. Investments, by contrast, are relatively well secured through international conventions. In global governance, Russia has changed its attitude from being a joiner to becoming a spoiler. The disruption of supplies of Russian gas to Europe in January 2009 displayed all the shortfalls both of the Russian and Ukrainian gas sectors and of EU policy. The European Union needs to play a more active role. It should monitor gas supplies, production, and storage. It should demand the exclusion of corrupt intermediaries in its gas trade. It should demand that Russia and Ukraine conclude a long- term transit and supply agreement. The European Union should form a proper energy policy, with energy conservation, diversification, unbundling, and increased storage. This is a good time to persuade Russia to ratify the Energy Charter. The European Union should also demand that Ukraine undertake a market-oriented and transparent energy-sector reform. -
Privatization in Russia: Catalyst for the Elite
PRIVATIZATION IN RUSSIA: CATALYST FOR THE ELITE VIRGINIE COULLOUDON During the fall of 1997, the Russian press exposed a corruption scandal in- volving First Deputy Prime Minister Anatoli Chubais, and several other high- ranking officials of the Russian government.' In a familiar scenario, news organizations run by several bankers involved in the privatization process published compromising material that prompted the dismissal of the politi- 2 cians on bribery charges. The main significance of the so-called "Chubais affair" is not that it pro- vides further evidence of corruption in Russia. Rather, it underscores the im- portance of the scandal's timing in light of the prevailing economic environment and privatization policy. It shows how deliberate this political campaign was in removing a rival on the eve of the privatization of Rosneft, Russia's only remaining state-owned oil and gas company. The history of privatization in Russia is riddled with scandals, revealing the critical nature of the struggle for state funding in Russia today. At stake is influence over defining the rules of the political game. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how privatization in Russia gave birth to an oligarchic re- gime and how, paradoxically, it would eventually destroy that very oligar- chy. This article intends to study how privatization influenced the creation of the present elite structure and how it may further transform Russian decision making in the foreseeable future. Privatization is generally seen as a prerequisite to a market economy, which in turn is considered a sine qua non to establishing a democratic regime. But some Russian analysts and political leaders disagree with this approach. -
Russia and Saudi Arabia: Old Disenchantments, New Challenges by John W
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 35 Russia and Saudi Arabia: Old Disenchantments, New Challenges by John W. Parker and Thomas F. Lynch III Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Vladimir Putin presented an artifact made of mammoth tusk to Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud in Riyadh, October 14–15, 2019 (President of Russia Web site) Russia and Saudi Arabia Russia and Saudia Arabia: Old Disenchantments, New Challenges By John W. Parker and Thomas F. Lynch III Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 35 Series Editor: Denise Natali National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2021 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Russia Intelligence
N°70 - January 31 2008 Published every two weeks / International Edition CONTENTS SPOTLIGHT P. 1-3 Politics & Government c Medvedev’s Last Battle Before Kremlin Debut SPOTLIGHT c Medvedev’s Last Battle The arrest of Semyon Mogilevich in Moscow on Jan. 23 is a considerable development on Russia’s cur- Before Kremlin Debut rent political landscape. His profile is altogether singular: linked to a crime gang known as “solntsevo” and PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS sought in the United States for money-laundering and fraud, Mogilevich lived an apparently peaceful exis- c Final Stretch for tence in Moscow in the renowned Rublyovka road residential neighborhood in which government figures « Operation Succession » and businessmen rub shoulders. In truth, however, he was involved in at least two types of business. One c Kirillov, Shestakov, was the sale of perfume and cosmetic goods through the firm Arbat Prestige, whose manager and leading Potekhin: the New St. “official” shareholder is Vladimir Nekrasov who was arrested at the same time as Mogilevich as the two left Petersburg Crew in Moscow a restaurant at which they had lunched. The charge that led to their incarceration was evading taxes worth DIPLOMACY around 1.5 million euros and involving companies linked to Arbat Prestige. c Balkans : Putin’s Gets His Revenge The other business to which Mogilevich’s name has been linked since at least 2003 concerns trading in P. 4-7 Business & Networks gas. As Russia Intelligence regularly reported in previous issues, Mogilevich was reportedly the driving force behind the creation of two commercial entities that played a leading role in gas relations between Russia, BEHIND THE SCENE Turkmenistan and Ukraine: EuralTransGaz first and then RosUkrEnergo later. -
Consolidated Accounting Reports with Independent Auditor's
PJSC GAZPROM Consolidated Accounting Reports with Independent Auditor’s Report 31 December 2020 Moscow | 2021 Contents Independent Auditor’s Report................................................................................................................... 3 Consolidated Balance Sheet ...................................................................................................................... 9 Consolidated Statement of Financial Results .......................................................................................... 11 Consolidated Statement of Changes in the Shareholders’ Equity ........................................................... 12 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows .................................................................................................. 13 Notes to the Consolidated Accounting Reports: 1. General Information ....................................................................................................................... 14 2. Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation in the Consolidated Accounting Reports ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3. Changes in the Accounting Policies and Comparative Information for Previous Reporting Periods .......................................................................................................................................... 20 4. Segment Information ..................................................................................................................... -
EXXONMOBIL DEVELOPMENT § COMPANY; and EXXONMOBIL § OIL CORPORATION, § § Plaintiffs, § § V
Case 3:17-cv-01930-B Document 110 Filed 12/31/19 Page 1 of 35 PageID <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS DALLAS DIVISION EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION; § EXXONMOBIL DEVELOPMENT § COMPANY; and EXXONMOBIL § OIL CORPORATION, § § Plaintiffs, § § v. § CIVIL ACTION NO. 3:17-CV-1930-B § STEVEN MNUCHIN, in his official § capacity as Secretary of the U.S. § Department of the Treasury; § ANDREA M. GACKI, in her official § capacity as the Director of the U.S. § Department of the Treasury’s Office § of Foreign Assets Control; and the U.S. § DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY’S § OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS § CONTROL, § § Defendants. § MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Before the Court is Plaintiffs Exxon Mobil Corporation, ExxonMobil Development Company, and ExxonMobil Oil Corporation’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 92), as well as Defendants Steven Mnuchin, Andrea Gacki, and the Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 95). The parties dispute whether the Office of Foreign Assets Control’s imposition of a two-million-dollar fine upon Plaintiffs for alleged violations of Ukraine-related sanctions regulations was lawful. Because the Court concludes that Plaintiffs lacked fair notice that their conduct was prohibited, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion (Doc. 92) and DENIES Defendants’ cross-motion (Doc. 95). Further, the Court VACATES the Office of Foreign Asset - 1 - Case 3:17-cv-01930-B Document 110 Filed 12/31/19 Page 2 of 35 PageID <pageID> Control’s Penalty Notice. I. BACKGROUND1 This is an administrative case prompting the Court to determine which party receives the benefit of having its cake and eating it, too—the regulating agency that failed to clarify, or the regulated party that failed to ask. -
M. Korostikov / Russian State and Economy
’Ifri ’Ifri _____________________________________________________________________ Leaving to Come Back: Russian Senior Officials and the State-Owned Companies _____________________________________________________________________ Mikhail Korostikov August 2015 . Russia/NIS Center Ifri is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debates and research activities. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ alone and do not reflect the official views of their institutions. ISBN: 978-2-36567-435-5 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2015 Ifri Ifri-Bruxelles 27, rue de la Procession Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE 1000 – Bruxelles – BELGIQUE Tél. : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tél. : +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax : +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : Ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection dedicated to Russia and the other new independent states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy- oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues. -
US Sanctions on Russia
U.S. Sanctions on Russia Updated January 17, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45415 SUMMARY R45415 U.S. Sanctions on Russia January 17, 2020 Sanctions are a central element of U.S. policy to counter and deter malign Russian behavior. The United States has imposed sanctions on Russia mainly in response to Russia’s 2014 invasion of Cory Welt, Coordinator Ukraine, to reverse and deter further Russian aggression in Ukraine, and to deter Russian Specialist in European aggression against other countries. The United States also has imposed sanctions on Russia in Affairs response to (and to deter) election interference and other malicious cyber-enabled activities, human rights abuses, the use of a chemical weapon, weapons proliferation, illicit trade with North Korea, and support to Syria and Venezuela. Most Members of Congress support a robust Kristin Archick Specialist in European use of sanctions amid concerns about Russia’s international behavior and geostrategic intentions. Affairs Sanctions related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are based mainly on four executive orders (EOs) that President Obama issued in 2014. That year, Congress also passed and President Rebecca M. Nelson Obama signed into law two acts establishing sanctions in response to Russia’s invasion of Specialist in International Ukraine: the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Trade and Finance Ukraine Act of 2014 (SSIDES; P.L. 113-95/H.R. 4152) and the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (UFSA; P.L. 113-272/H.R. 5859). Dianne E. Rennack Specialist in Foreign Policy In 2017, Congress passed and President Trump signed into law the Countering Russian Influence Legislation in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. -
Argus Russian Coal
Argus Russian Coal Issue 17-36 | Monday 9 October 2017 MARKET COmmENTARY PRICES Turkey lifts coal imports from Russia Russian coal prices $/t Turkey increased receipts of Russian thermal coal by 9pc on Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period 6 Oct ± 29 Sep the year in January-August, to 7.79mn t, according to data fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 86.97 -0.20 from statistics agency Tuik, amid higher demand from utili- fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 90.63 -0.25 ties and households. Russian material replaced supplies from cif Marmara* 6,000 Nov 17 100.33 0.33 South Africa, which redirected part of shipments to more fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 1.00 profitable markets in Asia-Pacific this year. fob Vostochny 5,500 Nov-Dec 17 87.0 0 1.75 *assessment of Russian and non-Russian coal In August Russian coal receipts rose to over 1.26mn t, up by 15pc on the year and by around 19pc on the month. Russian coal prices $/t This year demand for sized Russian coal is higher com- Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period Low High pared with last year because of colder winter weather in 2016-2017, a Russian supplier says. Demand for coal fines fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 85.25 88.00 fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 89.50 91.00 from utilities has also risen amid the launch of new coal- fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 100.00 fired capacity, the source adds. -
Joint Stewardship of the Barents Sea: Russian and Norwegian Policy Expectations for Preventing Offshore Oil Spills
Joint stewardship of the Barents Sea: Russian and Norwegian policy expectations for preventing offshore oil spills Item Type Thesis Authors Bouffard, Troy J. Download date 04/10/2021 20:10:16 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6818 JOINT STEWARDSHIP OF THE BARENTS SEA: RUSSIAN AND NORWEGIAN POLICY EXPECTATIONS FOR PREVENTING OFFSHORE OIL SPILLS By Troy J. Bouffard, B.A. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Arctic and Northern Studies © Troy J. Bouffard APPROVED: Brandon M. Boylan, Committee Chair Mary F. Ehrlander, Committee Member Brian Kassof, Committee Member Mary F. Ehrlander, Director Arctic and Northern Studies Program Todd Sherman, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts Michael A. Castellini, Interim Dean Graduate School Abstract As Arctic environmental conditions fluctuate, ongoing economic-related agreements established for the Barents Region continue to support and attract Norwegian and Russian oil- producing expeditions within the shared maritime zone. Increased industrial activity throughout the Circumpolar North heightens the need to understand the factors that influence policies responsible for protecting the environment - in particular, preventive measures. Agency theory provides the framework for an analysis of various dynamics that influence the Norwegian and Russian governments (principals) as they develop and enforce rules that regulate petroleum industries (agents). The research question asks about differences between the prevention policies of the two nations even though both acknowledge a very similar need to protect the Barents. Since the regulatory and governance structures cannot fully explain the differences between the two countries’ prevention policies, the hypothesis presents an argument that the strategic goals of Norway and Russia in the global political economy provide sufficient conditions for policy divergence. -
2020 Annual Report
Online Annual Report Gazprom Neft Performance review Sustainable 2020 at a glance 62 Resource base and production development CONTENTS 81 Refining and manufacturing 4 Geographical footprint 94 Sales of oil and petroleum products 230 Sustainable development 6 Gazprom Neft at a glance 114 Financial performance 234 Health, safety and environment (HSE) 8 Gazprom Neft’s investment case 241 Environmental safety 10 2020 highlights 250 HR Management 12 Letter from the Chairman of the Board of Directors 254 Social policy Technological Strategic report development Appendices 264 Consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 December 2020, with the 16 Letter from the Chairman of the Management Board 122 Innovation management independent auditor’s report About the Report 18 Market overview 131 2020 highlights and key projects 355 Company history This Report by Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom Neft (“Gazprom 28 2020 challenges 135 Import substitution 367 Structure of the Gazprom Neft Group Neft PJSC”, the “company”) for 2020 includes the results of operational activities of Gazprom Neft PJSC and its subsidiaries, 34 2030 Strategy 370 Information on energy consumption at Gazprom collectively referred to as the Gazprom Neft Group (the “Group”). 38 Business model Neft Gazprom Neft PJSC is the parent company of the Group and provides consolidated information on the operational and financial 42 Company transformation 371 Excerpts from management’s discussion and performance of the Group’s key assets for this Annual Report. The analysis of financial condition and results of list of subsidiaries covered in this Report and Gazprom Neft PJSC’s 44 Digital transformation operations interest in their capital are disclosed in notes to the consolidated Governance system IFRS financial statements for 2020. -
Preliminary Calculation of the EROI for the Production of Crude Oil and Light Oil Products in Russia
Sustainability 2014, 6, 5801-5819; doi:10.3390/su6095801 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Preliminary Calculation of the EROI for the Production of Crude Oil and Light Oil Products in Russia Alexander Safronov and Anton Sokolov * Laboratory of Geology of Oil and Gas Fields, Institute of Oil and Gas Problems SB RAS, Oktyabrskaya 1, Yakutsk 677980, Russia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-4112-390-620. Received: 14 May 2014; in revised form: 25 July 2014 / Accepted: 25 August 2014 / Published: 1 September 2014 Abstract: Russia is one of the world’s largest producers of energy resources. The production of energy resources in Russia is profitable both economically and in terms of energy production. Currently, Russian oil and gas companies have a policy of increasing energy efficiency, which will led to an increase in the energy return on investment (EROI) of both oil and gas production as a whole, and of separate companies in particular. By our calculations, the EROI for oil production in Russia differs for the different companies, and in 2012 was in the range of 22–35:1. The EROI for light oil products in 2012 was in the range of 5–13:1. Keywords: EROI; oil production; Russia 1. Introduction Over the last 110 years, the annual consumption of energy resources in the world has increased 20 times from 0.6 in 1900 to 12.4 billion tons of oil equivalent (toe) in 2012 [1,2].