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Redalyc.Sinopsis Del Género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Morales, J. Francisco Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) en México y Centroamérica Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 67, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2010, pp. 137-155 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55617069007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(2): 137-155 julio-diciembre 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2247 Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) en México y Centroamérica por J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apto. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica Resumen Abstract Morales, J.F. 2010. Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunonia- Morales, J.F. 2010. Sinopsis of the genus Weinmannia (Cuno- ceae) en México y Centroamérica. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid niaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Anales Jard. Bot. Ma- 67(2): 137-155. drid 67(2): 137-155 (in Spanish). Las especies del género Weinmannia en México y Centroaméri- A synopsis of Weinmannia of Mexico and Central America is ca se tratan en una sinopsis. Se reconocen diez especies (W. ani- presented. Ten species are recognized (W. anisophylla, W. bal- sophylla, W. balbisiana, W. burserifolia, W. fagaroides, W. inter- bisiana, W. burserifolia, W. fagaroides, W. intermedia, W. kars - media, W. karsteniana, W. pinnata, W. vulcanicola, W. werc- teniana, W. pinnata, W. vulcanicola, W. wercklei), including the klei), incluida la descripción de una nueva especie (W. horrida description of a new species (W. horrida J.F. Morales). A key to J.F. Morales). Se brinda una clave para las especies y para cada the species, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distribution, taxon descripciones, ilustraciones, datos de distribución, feno- phenological data, and specimens examined are given for each. logía y citación completa de especímenes examinados. Palabras clave: México, Centro América, Cunoniaceae, Wein- Keywords: Mexico, Central America, Cunoniaceae, Wein- mannia. mannia. Weinmannia L. (Cunoniaceae) es un género pan- de las Cunoniaceae para la Flora de Ecuador (Harling, tropical con alrededor de 150 especies, distribuidas 1999) y la Flora de la Guayana Venezolana (Bradford principalmente en el neotrópico (Bernardi, 1961, & Berry, 1998), no se ha publicado ningún otro traba- 1963; Bradford, 1998; Harling, 1999; Stein, 2001). Ta- jo que clarifique la confusa situación imperante en las xonómicamente es un género difícil, sobre todo por la especies neotropicales de Weinmannia. alta variación intraespecífica presente en la mayoría Como resultado de la preparación de las Cunonia- de las especies y por la falta de caracteres consistentes ceae para el Proyecto de la Flora Mesoamericana, se para separar los diferentes táxones. Bernardi (1961, presenta una sinopsis de las especies del género Wein- 1963) publicó las últimas monografías de las especies mannia en México y Centroamérica. Para efectos del neotrópico, que son de utilidad reducida por la in- prácticos, todas las especies se consideran como parte consistencia en las claves y falta de descripciones pa- de la sección Weinmannia, dado que la sección Sim- ralelas. De igual manera, algunos de los caracteres que plicifoliae, en el sentido propuesto por Bernardi fueron utilizados para delimitar algunos táxones, tales (1963), no ha sido aproyada por análisis filogéneticos como el ancho (no la ausencia) de las alas del raquis recientes (p.ej., Bradford, 1998, 2002). son muy variables, incluso a veces dentro de un mis- mo individuo en el campo, por lo que su utilidad para Notas sobre algunos caracteres separar especies es reducida. Finalmente, también se mofológicos y uso de la clave presentan problemas de tipo nomenclatural, ya que algunas de las secciones propuestas (p.ej., Simplicifo- Uno de los principales problemas en Weinmannia liae) fueron inválidamente publicadas por la no desig- es la alta variabilidad morfológica que se presenta in- nación de un tipo. Con la excepción del tratamiento cluso en un mismo individuo, donde las hojas juveniles 138 J.F. Morales Fig. 1. Caracteres morfológicos en Weinmannia: A, hojas (W. intermedia); B, estípulas (W. pinnata); C, inflorescencias (W. pinnata); D, frutos (W. fagaroides). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 67(2): 137-155, julio-diciembre 2010. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: 10.3989/ajbm: 2247 Weinmannia en México y Centroamérica 139 son en algunos casos muchísimo más grandes que las Los pétalos son rápidamente deciduos después de presentes en ramitas con flores o frutos. De igual ma- la antesis; por tal razón, es usual que éstos no estén nera, las inflorescencias y frutos son virtualmente idén- preservados en especímenes de herbario. La medida ticos en muchas especies, lo que dificulta la búsqueda citada en las descripciones está basada en pétalos de de caracteres útiles para la separación a nivel intraes- botones florales aún sin abrir, por lo que sus dimen- pecífico. En muchos casos, la única forma de separar siones pueden diferir ligeramente de la presente en es- los diferentes táxones es basándose en el tamaño de los pecímenes frescos. La medida de los frutos no incluye foliolos u hojas. Los principales caracteres morfológi- el estilo apical. cos de Weinmannia son ilustrados en la Fig. 1. Una descripción detallada de los caracteres genéri- La clave aquí propuesta ha sido diseñada para ser cos, así como de sinónimos nomenclaturales, puede utilizada con especímenes fértiles: su uso en coleccio- ser encontrada en Harling (1999). En la presente si- nes estériles puede llevar a identificaciones erróneas, nopsis, un total de 10 especies son reconocidas en Mé- dada la gran variabilidad en el tamaño de los foliolos xico y Centroamérica. Weinmmania tomentosa L.f. en especímenes juveniles. Por lo tanto, aunque colec- fue reportada dudosamente para México por Bernar- ciones estériles casi no fueron examinadas ni tomadas di (1961), pero el testigo citado carece de una cita- en cuenta en la elaboración de las descripciones, en al- ción de localidad que afirme su procedencia; de todos gunas de las discusiones se brindan pistas para el re- modos, esa especie está restringida a Sudamérica y conocimiento de material estéril. Sin embargo, es im- hasta el momento no se ha recolectado en ningún sitio portante tener en cuenta que en todo el material de de Centroamérica o México. De igual manera, en el herbario examinado siempre se encuentran especíme- mismo trabajo se reportó la presencia de W. trianaea nes atípicos que no pueden ser ubicados satisfactoria- Wedd. var. sulcata (Engl.) Cuatrec. en Costa Rica, mente a través de la clave y que representan estados pero Morales (2005) demostró que ese taxon está res- intermedios entre dos táxones. Estos especímenes tringido al N de Sudamérica y que las poblaciones de pueden ser el producto de la hibridación de diferentes Costa Rica representaban una especie sin describir especies, como ha sugerido Harling (1999), quien (W. vulcanicola J. F. Morales). tuvo el mismo problema en el tratamiento de las espe- cies del Ecuador. CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO WEINMANNIA En la clave y en descripciones, los términos “ma- EN MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA yormente” o “usualmente” definen la predominancia 1. Hojas mayormente simples, a veces unas pocas hojas irregu- de un carácter, pero no su exclusividad. De esta ma- larmente 2- o 3-auriculadas, 2-folioladas o irregularmente 3- nera, el decir “hojas mayormente simples”, se refiere a folioladas en la misma rama (W. anisophylla) .................... 2 que en los especímenes predominan las hojas simples 1. Hojas mayormente compuestas, algunas veces unas pocas pero que, raramente, un nudo con hojas compuestas hojas simples presentes en los ramos floríferos (W. ani- puede ser encontrado. Los extremos en el número de sophylla) ......................................................................... 5 2. Ramitas con hojas simples y unas pocas compuestas presen- foliolos de las especies con hojas compuestas repre- tes en la misma rama; hojas simples 2- o 3-auriculadas algu- sentan ámbitos que son raros u ocasionales en especí- nas veces también presentes; ovario glabro ......................... menes fértiles, pero nunca predominantes. De esta .............................................................. 1. W. anisophylla manera, por ejemplo, en Weinmannia intermedia el 2. Ramitas estrictamente con hojas simples; hojas simples lobu- ladas ausentes; ovario variadamente pubescente .............. 3 rango (7)13-21(25) indica que comúnmente la ma- 3. Láminas foliares 0,9-2,2 × 0,7-1,6 cm, la lámina suborbicular yoría de las hojas tienen de 13 a 21 foliolos, pero que .............................................................. 7. W. karsteniana raramente unas pocas hojas pueden tener tantos como 3. Láminas foliares 2,5-12 × 1-6,2 cm, la lámina elíptica a an- 25 o tan pocos como 7. gostamente elíptica .......................................................... 4 4. Láminas foliares usualmente (1,5)2,2-6,2 cm de ancho, rara- En términos generales, las estípulas son virtualmen- mente en algunas pocas hojas inferiores a 2,2 cm de ancho, te idénticas entre las diferentes
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