DOCSLIB.ORG

The Application of a Cladistic Analysis to the Classification and Identification of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Application of a Cladistic Analysis to the Classification and Identification of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands The application of a cladistic analysis to the classification and identification of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Jason C. BRADFORD Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Weinmannia species from Madagascar are currently difficult to identify with KEY WORDS available published accounts due to both a paucity of qualitative characters Weinmannia, used in identification keys, and a large number of undescribed species. Cunoniaceae, cladistics, However, newly recognized morphological characters, especially of the inflo- classification, rescence, can be used to diagnose Malagasy sect. and species-groups. These taxonomic keys, characters, used previously for a comprehensive cladistic analysis of the genus inflorescence, Madagascar, Weinmannia (BRADFORD 1998), are applied here in diagnoses and a key to Comoro Islands. the resulting sections and species-groups of Weinmannia in Madagascar. RÉSUMÉ Application d’une analyse cladistique à la classification et l’identification des Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) à Madagascar et aux Comores. Les espèces malgaches de Weinmannia sont actuellement difficiles à identifier avec les publications disponibles en raison à la fois de la pauvreté des caractères MOTS CLÉS qualificatifs utilisés dans les clés d’identification et d’un nombre élevé d’espèces Weinmannia, non décrites. Cependant, des caractères morphologiques nouvellement recon- Cunoniaceae, cladistique, nus, en particulier ceux de l’inflorescence, peuvent êre utilisés pour les dia- classification, gnoses des sections et des groupes d’espèces malgaches. Ces caractères, clés taxonomiques, employés précédemment pour une analyse cladistique du genre Weinmannia inflorescence, Madagascar, (BRADFORD 1998) sont appliqués ici dans les diagnoses et une clé de détermi- Comores. nation des sections et groupes d’espèces de Weinmannia à Madagascar. INTRODUCTION BARNES 2001), is represented in Madagascar solely by its largest genus, Weinmannia L., with Cunoniaceae, a southern hemisphere family c. 150 species worldwide. Most Weinmannia with 26 genera and c. 300 species (BRADFORD & species are trees and shrubs of tropical montane ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2001 • 23 (2) : 237-246 © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. 237 Bradford J.C. forests, although tropical lowland species occur in As exemplified by the number of species found Madagascar, and temperate species in Chile, during field work at Marojejy (BRADFORD & Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and South MILLER 2001), Madagascar is one of the most Africa. Cunonia L. and Platylophus D. Don, from species-dense areas in the world for Weinmannia, South Africa, are the only African members of the with levels of sympatry similar to that found in family. Andean forests. Unlike other parts of the world, Cunoniaceae have been the subject of recent however, the species richness of Malagasy phylogenetic and revisionary investigations, with Weinmannia is accompanied by a diversity of most attention given thus far to Weinmannia morphological characters that enable relatively (BRADFORD 1998; HOPKINS 1998a, 1998b, rapid identification of species. 1998c; HOPKINS & FLORENCE 1998). Based on Study of available herbarium specimens and cladistic studies (discussed below), the infra- field work indicate that 35-40 Weinmannia generic classification of BERNARDI (1961, 1964) species occur in Madagascar, 15-20 more than and the placement of some species has been were known to BERNARDI (1965, 1969). Given slightly modified to make sections mono- the large number of undescribed species and the phyletic. BRADFORD (1998) recognized five sec- limited array of qualitative characters used by tions of Weinmannia that circumscribe species BERNARDI in his keys, it is difficult to identify from the Americas plus two species from the Weinmannia species. The present paper addresses Mascarenes (sect. Weinmannia), Malesia and this problem by: (1) describing and illustrating Melanesia (sect. Fasciculata Bernardi), the South previously overlooked qualitative character varia- Pacific (sect. Leiospermum D. Don), and tion among Malagasy Weinmannia, (2) present- Madagascar and the Comores (sect. Spicata ing a synoptic key to the sections and Bernardi and Inspersa Bernardi; see also HOPKINS species-groups of Weinmannia in Madagascar and 1998a). Taxonomic changes affect a few the Comores, (3) providing diagnostic features Malagasy species. for each section and species-group, and (4) listing Malagasy Weinmannia species were last treated all presently described species in each species- by BERNARDI (1964, 1965, 1969). He estab- group. Because a number of Weinmannia species lished two endemic sections Spicata and Inspersa, remain to be described from Madagascar, it and placed a few species in the more wide- would be premature to write a key to the species spread sections Weinmannia and Leiospermum level. Instead, the key given below aids species- (sect. Leiospermum has priority over BERNARDI’s level identification by reducing the number of equivalent sect. Racemosa, see HOPKINS 1998a). species with which one must compare an uniden- However, BERNARDI’s assignment of some tified specimen. This synoptic key has proven Malagasy-Comoral species to sections normally useful as the basis for a species-level key of found outside of Madagascar has been proven Weinmannia from the Marojejy massif incorrect. Weinmannia baehniana Bernardi and (BRADFORD & MILLER 2001), and could be W. comorensis Tul., which BERNARDI placed in applied to other regions and eventually the entire sect. Leiospermum, belong instead in sect. genus in Madagascar. Spicata, and the species he included in sect. The key and diagnoses are largely based on a Weinmannia, W. rutenbergii Engl. and W. venusta recent morphological cladistic study (BRADFORD Bernardi, belong in sect. Inspersa (see BRADFORD 1998) that found several characters not discussed 1998 and below). Both a morphological cladistic by BERNARDI (1964, 1965). In Madagascar, sev- analysis of Weinmannia species-groups and sec- eral groups of species can be recognized that share tions (BRADFORD 1998) and molecular system- unique combinations of these qualitative charac- atic work on the genus (BRADFORD 2000; ters. The key and diagnoses for the Malagasy BRADFORD & BARNES 2001) support the mono- species-groups utilize inflorescence terminology phyly of sections Spicata and Inspersa as now cir- that may not be familiar. For this reason, figures, cumscribed and provide evidence that they are illustrations and a discussion of important char- sister taxa. acters precede the key. 238 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2001 • 23 (2) Cladistic analysis of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) Fig. 1. — Cladogram of Weinmannia species-groups (with representative species) based on morphology (from BRADFORD 1998). The main characters used in the key are plotted on the tree. FROM CLADOGRAMS TO KEYS monophyletic. At present, not enough is known about the phyletic relationships of Weinmannia Prior to conducting a cladistic analysis of species-groups A-G to give them formal taxo- Weinmannia and the related genus Cunonia, nomic names and rank, which would violate the specimens representing all known species of these principles of phylogenetic systematics and proba- genera were examined to find unique combina- bly lead to taxonomic instability. Nevertheless, a tions of qualitative morphological characters real need exists to communicate group informa- among species (see vouchers in BRADFORD 1998). tion on this complex genus, which can be done This process led to the recognition of species- by informally recognizing species-groups A-G for groups, each representing from one to many the purpose of discussion. Such informal tax- species, that served as a terminal units in the onomies have a long history (e.g. BENTHAM & cladistic analysis. Seven species-groups were rec- HOOKER 1862-1883) and are commonly used in ognized in Madagascar and the Comores, five of phylogenetic systematics when cladistic resolu- which have apparent autapomorphies, whereas tion is lacking or clades are poorly supported (e.g. two lack clearly apomorphic features (see charac- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998). By ter states in Fig. 1). Species-groups B, C, D, E, acknowledging uncertainty, informal classifica- and G (see below) may therefore be mono- tions may actually communicate information phyletic, whereas no characters have been found more effectively than do some rigid systems that that support the monophyly of species-groups A require all individuals to be part of a formal taxon and F. at each hierarchical rank. Classifications communicate grouping infor- Cladograms can be applied towards taxonomic mation, but phylogenetic systematics also identification by including in a standard dichoto- requires that formally recognized groups be mous key the qualitative characters of the data ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2001 • 23 (2) 239 Bradford J.C. matrix as plotted on a dichotomously branching often organized into compound structures borne tree. The key presented below is organized using on a peduncle, and these are called Inflorescence character states as mapped on the cladogram Modules (IMs). Among sections or species- from more general characters to more specific groups, IMs may have distinct patterns of organi- ones. In other words, synapomorphies of the zation along the main stem. The Total largest clades are used in the first order couplet, Inflorescence (TI) is formed by the architectural followed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Species and Combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 75 (2): e071 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2499 ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected], http://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb Copyright: © 2018 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 4.0 License. New species and combinations of Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Clethraceae, and Cunoniaceae from the Neotropics Juan Francisco Morales 1,2,3 1 Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 2 Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany. 3 Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 474–2050 Montes de Oca, Costa Rica. [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-8567 Abstract. Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Brazil, Clethra Resumen. Se describen e ilustran Mandevilla arenicola J.F.Morales secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Costa Rica, and Weinmannia abstrusa sp. nov. de Brasil, Clethra secazu J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Costa Rica y J.F.Morales sp. nov. from Honduras are described and illustrated and Weinmannia abstrusa J.F.Morales sp. nov. de Honduras y se discuten their relationships with morphologically related species are discussed. sus relaciones con otras especies de morfología semejante. Se designan Lectotypes are designated for Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., lectotipos para Anemopaegma tonduzianum Kraenzl., Bignonia Bignonia sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. sarmentosa var. hirtella Benth. and Paragonia pyramidata var. tomentosa tomentosa Bureau & K. Schum., as well as these last two names have Bureau & K.Schum., así como también se combinan estos dos últimos been combined.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation of Native Species for the Reforestation of Degraded Land Using Live Staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia)
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry Second Cycle Degree (MSc) in Forest Science Recommendation of native species for the reforestation of degraded land using live staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia) Supervisor Prof. Lorenzo Marini Co-supervisor Prof. Jaime Polanía Vorenberg Submitted by Alicia Pardo Moy Student N. 1218558 2019/2020 Summary Although Colombia is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world, it has many degraded areas due to agricultural and mining practices that have been carried out in recent decades. The high Andean forests are especially vulnerable to this type of soil erosion. The corporate purpose of ‘Reforestadora El Guásimo S.A.S.’ is to use wood from its plantations, but it also follows the parameters of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). For this reason, it carries out reforestation activities and programs and, very particularly, it is interested in carrying out ecological restoration processes in some critical sites. The study area is located between 2000 and 2750 masl and is considered a low Andean humid forest (bmh-MB). The average annual precipitation rate is 2057 mm and the average temperature is around 11 ºC. The soil has a sandy loam texture with low pH, which limits the amount of nutrients it can absorb. FAO (2014) suggests that around 10 genera are enough for a proper restoration. After a bibliographic revision, the genera chosen were Alchornea, Billia, Ficus, Inga, Meriania, Miconia, Ocotea, Protium, Prunus, Psidium, Symplocos, Tibouchina, and Weinmannia. Two inventories from 2013 and 2019, helped to determine different biodiversity indexes to check the survival of different species and to suggest the adequate characteristics of the individuals for a successful vegetative stakes reforestation.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Flora of Australia
    L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Malesia and the Pacific
    A revision of Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) in Malesia and the Pacific. 3. New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji, with notes on the species of Samoa, Rarotonga, New Caledonia and New Zealand Helen CF. HOPKINS Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. Masons Arms, Hutton Roof, via Carnforth, Lancashire, LA6 2PE, U.K. With the collaboration of R.D. HOOGLAND', Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. and J.C. BRADFORD, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St Louis, MO 63166, U.S.A., and Washington University, St Louis, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Species of Weinmannia belonging to two sections occur in eastern Malesia and the western Pacific: sect. Fasciculata is Iatgely Malesian, extending as far east as Fiji, and sect. Leiospermum is largely Pacific and occurs as far west as Papua New Guinea. In total, about 20 species occur in the region from New Guinea to the Cook Islands. Weinmannia fraxinea, which is widespread in Malesia, also occurs in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Weinmannia KEYWORDS crofiii from Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago and Karkar Island) is Weinmannia, described as new, and the new combination W. ouaiemensis is published for a Cunoniaceae, New Guinea, species in New Caledonia. There is a high level of endemism within the Solomon Islands, various island groups of this region, although the status of species from Vanuatu, Samoa and the Cook Islands has not been resolved. Regional keys, illustra­ Fiji, New Caledonia. tions and distribution maps ate provided. sér.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from GBIF on August 107
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.916817; this version posted January 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Signals of recent tropical radiations in Cunoniaceae, an iconic family for understanding Southern Hemisphere biogeography Ricardo A. Segovia1,2, Andy R. Griffiths1, Diego Arenas3, A. A. Piyali Dias1,4, Kyle G. Dexter1,4 1 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 2 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (www.ieb-chile.cl), Santiago, Chile. 3 School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom. 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, United Kingdom. * [email protected] Abstract Extratropical angiosperm diversity is thought to have arisen from lineages that originated in the more diverse tropics, but studies of dispersal be- tween tropical and extratropical environments and their consequences for diversification are rare. In order to understand the evolutionary effects of shifts between the tropics and extratropics, defined here as areas that do versus do not regularly experience freezing temperatures, we studied the biogeographic history and associated diversification patterns of Cunoniaceae. We mapped the distribution of all species in the family and combined this with a newly constructed phylogeny for the family. The family shows a long evolutionary association with both tropical and extratropical environments, the tropics house considerably greater species richness of Cunoniaceae. In- deed, both tropical and extratropical environments appear to have had a similar number of lineages until 12 Ma, after which time the number of lineages in tropical areas increased at a faster rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Estado Del Conocimiento En Weinmannia Tomentosa Lf (Encenillo)
    RIAA 2 (1) 2011: 45-53 Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental Estado del conocimiento en Weinmannia tomentosa L.f. (encenillo) y algunas propuestas de estudio sobre su regeneración Current knowledge of Weinmannia tomentosa L.f. (encenillo) and some study proposals for its regeneration Carmen Rosa Montes Pulido [email protected] Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA) Sede Nacional José Celestino Mutis, Bogotá, Colombia Resumen .-La reforestación de especies nativas es una prioridad de nuestros ecosistemas intervenidos o severamente afectados. W. tomentosa es una planta dominante en el clímax regional y muy frecuente en los bosques montañosos del norte de la cordillera de los Andes. En Colombia se encuentra principalmente en la cordillera Oriental. Es considerado como uno de los principales inductores preclimácicos de las laderas y de allí su comportamiento pionero como competidor; razón por la cual se requiere de estudios ecológicos, conocer su propagación, %siología, entre otras. El establecimiento de W. tomentosa es propicio para el desarrollo de otras especies de páramo y de lugares de ladera. Palabras clave: Propagación vegetal, Reforestación, Características ecológicas, Distribución de la especie Abstract .- Reforestation of native species is a priority of our ecosystems intervened or severely a&ected. W. tomentosa is a dominant plant in the regional climax and very common in the mountainous forests of the northern Andes. In Colombia it is mainly found in the eastern cordillera. It is considered one of the main pre-climaxed slopes and hence its pioneering behavior as a competitor, that’s why ecological studies are needed, to know their propagation, physiology, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Sinopsis Del Género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae)
    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Morales, J. Francisco Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) en México y Centroamérica Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 67, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2010, pp. 137-155 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55617069007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 67(2): 137-155 julio-diciembre 2010 ISSN: 0211-1322 doi: 10.3989/ajbm.2247 Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) en México y Centroamérica por J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apto. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica Resumen Abstract Morales, J.F. 2010. Sinopsis del género Weinmannia (Cunonia- Morales, J.F. 2010. Sinopsis of the genus Weinmannia (Cuno- ceae) en México y Centroamérica. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid niaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Anales Jard. Bot. Ma- 67(2): 137-155. drid 67(2): 137-155 (in Spanish). Las especies del género Weinmannia en México y Centroaméri- A synopsis of Weinmannia of Mexico and Central America is ca se tratan en una sinopsis. Se reconocen diez especies (W. ani- presented. Ten species are recognized (W. anisophylla, W. bal- sophylla, W. balbisiana, W. burserifolia, W. fagaroides, W. inter- bisiana, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Survey of Vascular Plant in the Submontane Forest of Mt
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 8, August 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 2197-2205 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200813 Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia TRI CAHYANTO1,♥, MUHAMMAD EFENDI2,♥♥, RICKY MUSHOFFA SHOFARA1, MUNA DZAKIYYAH1, NURLAELA1, PRIMA G. SATRIA1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. A.H. Nasution No. 105, Cibiru,Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-22-7800525, email: [email protected] 2Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Sindanglaya, Cipanas, Cianjur 43253, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-263-512233, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 1 July 2019. Revision accepted: 18 July 2019. Abstract. Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Shofara RM. 2019. Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2197-2205. A floristic survey was conducted in submontane forest of Block Pulus Mount Burangrang West Java. The objectives of the study were to inventory vascular plant and do quantitative measurements of floristic composition as well as their structure vegetation in the submontane forest of Nature Reserves Mt. Burangrang, Purwakarta West Java. Samples were recorded using exploration methods, in the hiking traill of Mt. Burangrang, from 946 to 1110 m asl. Vegetation analysis was done using sampling plots methods, with plot size of 500 m2 in four locations. Result was that 208 species of vascular plant consisting of basal family of angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots (33 species), eudicots (1 species), superrosids (1 species), rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and asterids (47), added with 25 species of pterydophytes were found in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of Fifty Cunoniaceae Species from New Caledonia for Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase and Scavengers of Superoxide Anions
    Pharmaceutical Biology 1388-0209/02/4007-526$16.00 2002, Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 526–533 © Swets & Zeitlinger Screening of Fifty Cunoniaceae Species from New Caledonia for Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase and Scavengers of Superoxide Anions Bruno Fogliani1, Saliou Bouraïma-Madjebi1, René Pineau1 and Pierre Cabalion2 1L.B.P.V.A.: Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales Appliquées, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP 4477, 98847 Nouméa, New Caledonia and 2Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles Végétales, Centre I.R.D. de Nouméa, Nouméa, New Caledonia Abstract Two-hundred-and-four extracts (101 ethyl acetate extracts The flowering plant family Cunoniaceae, in the order and 103 methanol extracts) from 50 species of Cunoniaceae Rosales (Cronquist, 1982), comprises 26 genera including from New Caledonia were screened for antioxidant proper- more than 250 species (Heywood, 1985). It occurs largely in ties due to free radical scavenging and/or xanthine oxidase the southern hemisphere and is an example of this rich (XOD) inhibitory activity. Of the crude extracts, 95.1% were endemicity, since in New Caledonia, it contains 6 genera, active at a concentration of 50mg/ml. Fifteen (27.8%) extracts Acsmithia, Codia, Cunonia, Geissois, Pancheria and Wein- showed more than 50% activity at 10mg/ml and were studied mannia, represented by more than 80 species, all of which for XOD inhibition. All were active against XOD at 50mg/ml are endemic (Guillaumin, 1948). Moreover, two of these but only 6 (40%) showed up to 60% inhibition. Ethyl acetate genera, Codia and Pancheria, are endemic with 36 species extracts from the bark of Weinmannia dichotoma Brongniart all together.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 120 April 2011
    The Irish Garden Plant Society Newsletter No. 120 April 2011 Primula ‘Drumcliffe’ Photo Pearse Rowe Front Cover: Deutzia purpurascens ‘Alpine Magician’. A seedling raised in the National Botanic Gardens Glasnevin from seed collected by Reginald Farrer in Burma in 1919. It was selected and named by Dr. Charles Nelson and flowers in May. Photo Pearse Rowe. In this Issue 2 Editorial 3 Newsletter News from our Chairman Patrick Quigley 5 The Annual General Meeting 2011 6 Obituaries 9 Hollies and Lavenders - A no show due to snow!! by Susyn Andrews 12 Worth a Read by Paddy Tobin 16 Weinmannia in cultivation by Gary Dunlop 24 Irish Primroses for First Lady 25 To BEE, or not to BEE, that is the question by Michael Kelleher 27 Regional Reports 3o A good hiding by Rae McIntyre 34 An exotic poppy - Romneya coulteri by Ciara Birmingham 36 Some more Irish Snowdrops by Paddy Tobin 1 Editorial The death of two well loved and highly respected members of the IGPS, Rosemary Brown and Dr. JGD Lamb was a poignant start to 2011. It was always a great pleasure to receive correspondence from Dr Lamb, and his last article in the Newsletter reminded us that through his intervention the American high-bush blueberry was introduced into cultivation here. Susyn Andrews’ lecture in December at the NBG Glasnevin was cancelled because of the severe weather at the time. On page 9 the article Hollies and Lavenders – A no show due to snow is based on this lecture. Congratulations to Pat Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Nurseries on their continued success, with awards conferred both at home and abroad, including Germany’s IPM Essen Show 2010, one of the largest trade shows in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 351 Kib)
    Table 1. All 595 individuals found within the transect at Siempre Verde Preserve, Imbabura Province, Ecuador, were tagged, collected and identified. They are organized alphabetically by family, then genus, then species names. The elevation (m) of the plot in which the individual is found in and that individual’s plant number are included. Plant Family Genus Specific Epithet Altitude Number Adoxaceae Viburnum urbanii 3250 375 Adoxaceae Viburnum urbanii 3160 357 Adoxaceae Viburnum urbanii 3160 361 Adoxaceae Viburnum urbanii 2820 226 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 499 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 534 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 553 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 567 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 585 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3320 588 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 463 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 485 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 486 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 487 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 488 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 489 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 490 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 491 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 492 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 493 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 494 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3330 495 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3290 402 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 3290 439 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hualgayoca 2820 210 Aquifoliaceae Ilex myricoides 3320 503 Aquifoliaceae Ilex myricoides 3320 517 Aquifoliaceae Ilex myricoides 3330 474 Aquifoliaceae Ilex weberlingii 3320 587 Araliaceae Oreopanax grandifolius 3160 362 Araliaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Cuticle Evolution in Early Cretaceous Angiosperms from the Potomac Group of Virginia and Maryland1
    CUTICLE EVOLUTION IN EARLY CRETACEOUS ANGIOSPERMS FROM THE POTOMAC GROUP OF VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND1 Studies of angiosperm leaf cuticles from the Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group reinforce previous evidence for a Cretaceous adaptive radiation of the flowering plants and suggest unsuspected trends in the evolution of stomata and trichomes. Early Potomac Group angiosperm leaf cuticles (Zone I of Brenner or Aptian?) show little interspecific structural diversity, particularly in stomatal organization. All species conform to the same highly plastic pattern of variation in subsidiary cell arrangement, in which the stomata on a single leaf conform to several types, including paracytic, hemiparacytic, anomocytic, laterocytic, and weakly cyclocytic. Several species resemble extant Chloranthaceae and Illiciales, but none represents a modem family. Later leaves (Subzone 11-B of Brenner, or Albian) exhibit greater interspecific structural diversity, particularly in stomatal organization. Three new pat- terns of variation in subsidiary cell arrangement are present in addition to the older one and each has a subset of the variation present in the older pattern. Cuticular anatomy is consistent with proposed leaf affinities to Platanaceae and Rosidae. The stratigraphictrend in cuticle types supports the concept that the subclass Magnoliidae includes the most primitive living angiosperms. However, it also suggests that the uniformly paracytic stomatal pattern characteristic of Magnoliales, generally considered prim- itive for the flowering plants, may actually be derived from the variable condition found in Zone I leaves. Within the past 15 years there has been a major was a period of major angiosperm diversification reevaluation of the Cretaceous flowering plant and that paleobotanical studies should continue record and the role of fossils in angiosperm phy- to yield new evidence on the course and timing logeny.
    [Show full text]