DOCSLIB.ORG

FORENSIC MEDICINE with Pathology & Entomology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FORENSIC MEDICINE with Pathology & Entomology Notes in FORENSIC MEDICINE With Pathology & Entomology By: OSCAR GATCHALIAN SORIANO BSCrim., MSBA, MA Crim., PhDCrim. Philippine Copyright 2012 by OSCAR GATCHALIAN SORIANO and NUEVA ECIJA REVIEW CENTER AND EDUCATION SUPPLIES. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written from the author, and every copy of this book must bear the genuine signature of the author, otherwise it shall be considered as proceeding from illegal sources. ISBN: 978-971-95318-8-10 Cover Design By : Mr. Darwin G. Verde, LC Layout design By : Prof. Mario C. Rosete, LC Edited By : Prof. Expectation C. Gonzales Proof Read By : Prof. Diona D. Macasaquit Published and Printed By: Nueva Ecija Review Center & Educational Supplies 3F Verde‘s Furniture Bldg., Brgy. Bantug Norte Cabanatuan City Tel. No. : (044) 940-7005 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.nerces.multiply.com ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author‘s deepest gratitude and profound appreciation is hereby due to the authors of the books and reference materials used and consulted in the preparation of this work. To his family for its moral support, trust and confidence that boost his morale to overcome all the odds while writing this book. To all the people who in way one of another shared their contributions – morally and financially that contributed immensely to the completion of this book. Above all, to the ALMIGHTY GOD for the guidance and blessings bestowed upon him in the painstaking effort and time exerted in this work. O.G.S. DEDICATION To my wife—Marilou, my children---ulius Oscar, Ernest Oscar, Michael Oscar and Loumarie Oscar, to my grandson—Marius Ozrak; to my mother— Victoria Gatchalian Soriano, to my brothers and sisters, and especially to my late father---Ernesto Francisco Soriano. To my relatives, friends, contemporaries in the academe, and to all the students of Criminal Justice Education. To the constituents of the Municipality of Santa Rosa, Province of Nueva Ecija and to the officers and members of the Philippine National Police (PNP). This simple work is sincerely and humbly dedicated to all of you. O.G.S. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………. i COPYRIGHT PAGE……………………………………………….. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………. iii DEDICATION……………………………………………………….. v CHAPTER CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Introduction…………………………………………….. 1 Definition of Forensic Medicine……………………….. 1 Scope of Forensic Medicine……………………………. 2 Ordinary Physician vs. Medical Jurists………………… 2 Areas of Forensic Medicine……………………………. 3 Brief History of Forensic Medicine……………………… 4 Definition of Medical Evidence………………………….. 7 Types of Medical Evidence………………………………. 8 Methods of Preserving Medical Evidence………………… 8 Weight and Sufficiency of Medical Evidence……………. 9 2. ASPECTS OF IDENTIFICATION Definition of Identification of Person…………………. 11 Bases of Person‘s Identification………………………. 11 Extrinsic Factors in Identification……………………… 12 Light as a Factor in Identification……………………… 12 Dental Identification…………………………………… 13 Identification of Skeleton………………………………. 14 Determination of Sex…………………………………… 16 Determination of Age…………………………………… 18 Role of Medico Legal Officer in Establishing Identity…. 20 3. MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF DEATH Overview of Medico Legal Aspects of Death………….. 21 Definition of Death……………………………………… 22 Criteria in the Determination of Death…………………… 22 Kinds of Death…………………………………………… 23 Signs of Death……………………………………………. 24 Changes in the Body Following Death…………………… 29 Duration of Death…………………………………………. 43 Value of Medico-Legal Aspects of Death………………… 47 4. INVESTIGATION OF DEATH Stages of Medico-Legal Investigation of Death………….. 48 Pathological vs. Medico-Legal Autopsies………………… 49 Features Peculiar to Medico-Legal Autopsies…………….. 50 Guidelines in the Performance of Autopsies………………. 51 Precautions in Post-Mortem Examination………………….. 52 Stages on the Post-Mortem Examination…………………… 52 Mistakes in Medico-Legal Autopsies……………………….. 53 Causes of Death…………………………………………….. 55 Medico-Legal Classifications of Death…………………….. 56 Pathological Classifications of Death……………………… 56 Death Scene Investigation………………………………….. 57 5. DEATH BY ASPHYXIA Definition of Asphyxia………………………………………. 58 Types of Asphyxial Death…………………………………… 58 Phases of Asphyxial Death…………………………………… 59 Classifications of Asphyxia………………………………….. 60 6. MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF INJURIES Definition of Physical Injuries……………………………… 63 Grouping of Physical Injuries………………………………. 63 Injuries Brought About by Violence……………………….. 64 Vital Reactions…………………………………………….. 64 Classifications of Physical Injuries…………………………. 65 Medical classifications of Wounds………………………….. 71 Fatal Effects of Wounds……………………………………. 92 Complications of Trauma or Injury………………………… 93 Describing the Physical Injuries……………………………. 93 7. INVESTIGATION OF WOUNDS Outline of Investigation……………………………………. 97 Wounds Inflicted During Life of Death……………………. 100 Length of Survival of the Victim………………………….. 104 Possible Instrument Used by Assailant…………………….. 105 Which Injuries Sustained Caused Death…………………… 106 Which Wound was Inflicted First………………………….. 106 Surgical Intervention Before Death………………………… 106 Negligence on the Death of Person…………………………. 107 Power of Volitional Act of the Victim………………………. 107 Relative Position of the Victim and Assailant……………….. 108 Extrinsic Evidences in Wounds…………………………….. 109 8. MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF SEX CRIMES Definition of Virginity………………………………….. 111 Kinds of Virginity………………………………………. 111 Determination of the Conditions of Virginity…………… 113 Virginity is Not Synonymous with Chastity…………….. 117 Defloration Defined……………………………………… 118 Examining Female Genetalia to Determine Virginity……………………………………………… 118 Causes of Vulvo-Vaginal Injuries………………………… 119 Inclusion in the Examination of the Hymen……………….. 120 Death Related to Sexual Acts……………………………… 123 Medical Evidences in the Crime of Rape…………………. 125 9. MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF ABORTION Definition of Abortion…………………………………….. 130 Different Types of Abortion………………………………. 130 Categories of Induced Abortion…………………………… 131 Varied Types of Clinical Abortion…………………………. 132 Medical Evidences of Abortion……………………………. 133 Post-Mortem Abortion……………………………………… 134 10. FORENSIC PATHOLOGY What is Pathology…………………………………………… 135 Definition of Forensic Pathology……………………………. 135 Branches of Forensic Pathology…………………………….. 135 Scope of Forensic Pathology………………………………… 136 Roles of Forensic Pathologist………………………………… 137 Concern of Forensic Pathology………………………………. 138 Forensic Pathology Process………………………………….. 139 Significance of Forensic Pathology………………………….. 140 11. FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY Definition of Forensic Entomology…………………………… 141 What is Medico-Legal Forensic Entomology…………………. 141 Using Insects to Determine Post-Mortem Interval…………….. 142 Information from the Death Scene…………………………….. 143 How Insects Reveal the Time of Death……………………….. 145 Use of Insects to Tell If a Body Was Moved………………….. 146 Insect Types Useful in Forensic Entomology………………….. 148 Finding the Cause of Death Using Entomology……………….. 151 Estimating Time of Death with Entomology………………….. 152 Entomology to Know Body Removal at the Scene…………… 153 Analyzing the Scene for Entomological Evidence………………………………………………… 154 Observations of Insects at the Crime Scene………………… 155 Climatological Data at the Scene……………………………. 156 Collection of Entomological Specimens…………………….. 157 Conclusion…………………………………………………… 157 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………… 158 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ========================================================== Introduction The concept and practice of forensic medicine in the Philippines is of Spanish origin. In modern times, especially in continental European countries, forensic medicine has a similar meaning as the term legal medicine, although, strictly speaking, forensic medicine concerns with the application of medical science to elucidate forensic problems, while legal medicine is primarily the application of medicine to legal cases. According to Section 5, Rule 138, Rules of Court, Medical Jurisprudence is one of the subjects in the law course before admission to the bar examination. This is based on the original concept but actually it must be the study of legal medicine as it was the intention and practice in the past. Definition of Forensic Medicine Forensic Medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the application of medical knowledge to the purpose of law and in the administration of justice. It is the application of the basic clinical, medical and paramedical sciences to elucidate forensic matters. Originally the terms forensic medicine, legal medicine and medical jurisprudence are synonymous, and in common practice are used interchangeably in relation with the practice of medico-legal profession. This concept prevailed among countries under the Anglo-American influence. On the other hand, medical jurisprudence, juris-law, prudential-knowledge denotes knowledge of law in relation to the practice of medicine. It concerns with the study of the right, duties and obligations of medical practitioner with particular reference to those arising from doctor-patient relationship. This is provided by the Code of Ethics of Medical Profession. Scope of Forensic Medicine The Scope of forensic medicine is quite broad and encompassing. It is the application of medical and paramedical sciences as demanded by law and administration of justice. The knowledge of the nature and extent of wounds had been acquired in surgery, abortion in gynecology, sudden death and effect of trauma in pathology,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE CAMPUS SEXUAL VIOLENCE ELIMINATION ACT: Is IT ENOUGH to COMBAT SEXUAL ASSAULT on CAMPUS?
    THE CAMPUS SEXUAL VIOLENCE ELIMINATION ACT: Is IT ENOUGH TO COMBAT SEXUAL ASSAULT ON CAMPUS? Lauren Van Driesen* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1841 II. BACKGROUND - TITLE IX AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE ....... ......... 1845 III. NEW REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE SAVE ACT .......... ....... 1847 A. Expansion of Reporting Requirements ................... 1847 B. PreventativeEducation Programs.................. ..... 1849 C. Grievance Procedure Requirements................. .....1850 ................. .. IV. EVALUATION - IS THE SAVE ACT EFFECTIVE? 1852 A. Consent ............................................... 1853 B. A "Prompt, Fairand Impartial"Hearing ........ ........ 1861 1. Impartiality.....................................1862 a. Athletes and Sexual Misconduct Claims..... ........ 1863 b. Structural Conflicts of Interest ..................... 1865 2. Fairness and Due Process .................... ...... 1868 3. Towards a Uniform Solution.....................1872 IV. CONCLUSION ....................................................... 1875 I. INTRODUCTION American colleges and universities are in a state of crisis. Sexual violence, an issue that once lingered in the background of college life, has come to the forefront of culture and politics, shining a light on the often shocking way in which colleges and universities deal with sexual assault cases. Indeed, as of June 2015, there were 124 higher education institutions under investigation by the Department of Education for * J.D., Rutgers Law School,
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Laws & Guidelines
    SUMMARY OF LAWS & GUIDELINES Payment of Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations CURRENT AS OF AUGUST 2012 AEQUITAS: THE PROSECUTORS’ RESOURCE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 1101 H STREET NW, SUITE 310 | WASHINGTON, DC 20005 P: (202) 558-0040 | F: (202) 393-1918 WWW.AEQUITASRESOURCE.ORG © 2012 AEquitas: The Prosecutors’ Resource on Violence Against Women, a project of the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape 1 Research initiated by Dr. Lisa Newmark and students at George Mason University and Darakshan Raja at Urban Institute Completed by Charlene Whitman, Attorney Advisor at AEquitas: the Prosecutors’ Resource on Violence Against Women and Jessica Katz, Esq. Contributions also made by Kim Lonsway, Research Director and Joanne Archambault, Executive Director at End Violence Against Women International. This project was supported by Grant No. 2009-TA-AX-K024 awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women. This project was also supported by Grant No. 2009-TA-AX-K003 awarded to End Violence Against Women International (EVAWI) by the Office on Violence Against Women, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed on this website are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women. © 2012 AEquitas: The Prosecutors’ Resource on Violence Against Women, a project of the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape 2 SEXUAL ASSUALT MEDICAL FORENSIC EXAMINATION PAYMENT MECHANISMS ALABAMA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 ALA. CODE § 15-23-5 (2011). CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION COMMISSION POWERS AND DUTIES ................................. 11 ALA. ADMIN. CODE R. 262-X-11-.01. SEXUAL ASSAULT EXAMINATION PAYMENTS ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trying Male Rape: Legal Renderings of Masculinity
    TRYING MALE RAPE: LEGAL RENDERINGS OF MASCULINITY, VULNERABILITY, AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE by Jamie L. Small A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Women’s Studies and Sociology) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Elizabeth A. Armstrong, Chair Assistant Professor Rachel K. Best Associate Professor Anna R. Kirkland Professor Karin A. Martin © Jamie L. Small 2015 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Nuala Rachel. ii Acknowledgements One friend inquired recently as to whether it would be difficult to juggle the demands of motherhood and a faculty position. It strikes me as an odd question. In my life, the two, my mothering and scholarly identities, are deeply entwined. My daughter and my dissertation came into this world at about the same time. I began reading for the prospectus the summer I was pregnant. I sat with my round and growing belly in the garage, with the sun streaming through the open door, reading about trauma, sexual violence, and rape laws. I remember one meeting with other gender scholars where I consumed food for the entire three hours. I remember attending prenatal yoga classes on hot summer nights and collapsing in bed after a bowl or two of cereal and then starting all over again the next morning. After my daughter was born on the last day of summer, I took some time off, and then resumed reading in the winter months. Now she nursed and napped on my lap while I read and formulated my prospectus. We couldn’t work in the mornings because that was time for play.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Jurisprudence Is a Branch of Medicine That Involves the Study and Application of Medical Knowledge in the Legal Field. B
    Medical jurisprudence is a branch of medicine that involves the study and application of medical knowledge in the legal field. Because modern medicine is a legal creation and medico- legal cases involvingdeath, rape, paternity etc. require a medical practitioner to produce evidence and appear as an expert witness, these two fields have traditionally been inter-dependent. Forensic medicine is a narrower field that involves collection and analysis of medical evidence (samples) to produce objective information for use in the legal system. Medical jurisprudence includes: 1. questions of the legal and ethical duties of physicians; 2. questions affecting the civil rights of individuals with respect to medicine; and 3. medicolegal assessment of injuries to the person. Under the second heading there are many aspects, including (but not limited to): (a) questions of competence or sanity in civil or criminal proceedings; (b) questions of competence of minors in matters affecting their own health; and (c) questions of lawful fitness or safety to drive a motor vehicle, pilot an aeroplane, use scuba gear, play certain sports, or to join certain occupations. Under the third heading, there are also many aspects, including (but not limited to): (a) assessment of illness or injuries that may be work-related (see workers' compensation or occupational safety and health) or otherwise compensable; (b) assessment of injuries of minors that may relate to neglect or abuse; and (c) certification of death or else the assessment of possible causes of death — this is the incorrect, narrow meaning of forensic medicine as commonly understood. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE (HONOURS) is a course in medical law.
    [Show full text]
  • Statutory Rape Charge Usa
    Statutory Rape Charge Usa Vincent distemper vigilantly. Quincentennial and undreamt Simone trawl his dominants benefices dilly-dallies certifiably. Demythologized Burnaby cached: he complect his cheesecloths scoldingly and eternally. The adult men for only your rights and mental health ect to rape charge either of this webpage is charged with rape in the attendant circumstance element required to lower ages Notice shall terminate parental consent should know little, statutory rape charge usa from sexual offenses. While assisting service agencies must immediately if they suspect you or statutory rape charge usa, or intoxication or drugs them and sexual intimacy: physical and victim. In ohio under statutory rape charge usa age limits for it investigations and formal agency, was charged with instructions states. Many rape can statutory rape charge usa, and later test for some prostituted people, and equal protection order of minors is no psychiatric or parole, thereby necessitating a reportable offense. Neill was prosecuted for having sexual relationships with four young females, spiritual healers, Jack decides to do some night fishing. In good intentions should consult an important to statutory rape charge usa per os or other public defender retreat from reporting requirements of consent to prove to prosecute those responsibilities within one. Oberman notes that the emergence of feminism heavily influenced changes to statutory rape laws. This webpage is found to statutory rape charge usa representing their records. You must be honest and entirely open with your defense team to ensure they can provide the best outcome for your situation. Results are piped through each function from right to left.
    [Show full text]
  • Self –Assessment Of
    NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORT ACADEMIC YEAR: 2007- 2008 NOVEMBER 2008 2 GENERAL INFORMATION Name of School: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Dental School Address: 2 Thivon Street, GR-115 27 Goudi, Athens, Greece Website: www.dent.uoa.gr Dean of School: Prof. Asterios Doukoudakis e-mail: [email protected] Associate Dean: Prof. Konstantinos Tsiklakis e-mail: [email protected] Director of 1st Section - Community Dentistry: Prof. Evangelia Papagianoulis Director of 2nd Section - Dental Pathology and Therapeutics: Prof. George Vougiouklakis Director of 3rd Section - Prosthodontics: Prof. Byron Droukas Director of 4th Section - Oral Pathology and Oral Surgery: Prof. Ekaterini Nikopoulou-Karagianni Director of 5th Section - Basic Sciences and Oral Biology: NA Head of Departments/Clinics 1. Department of Orthodontics: Prof. Stavros Kiliaridis 2. Department of Paediatric Dentistry: Prof. Evangelia Papagianoulis 3. Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry: Associate Professor Eleni Mamai-Chomata 4. Department of Operative Dentistry: Prof. George Vougiouklakis 5. Department of Endodontics: Associate Professor Panagiotis Panopoulos 6. Department of Periododontics: Professor Ioannis Vrotsos 7. Department of Prosthodontics: Prof. Asterios Doukoudakis 8. Oroficial Pain Management Clinic: Prof. Byron Droukas 9. Department of Oral Pathology: Professor Alexandra Sklavounou 10. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Professor Constantinos Alexandridis 11. Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology: Prof. Konstantinos Tsiklakis 12. Clinic of Hospital Dentistry: Associate Professor Ourania Galiti 13. Department of Dental Biomaterials: Professor George Eliades 14. Department of Basic Sciences: NA 15. Department of Oral Biology: NA 3 4 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 7 2. PROCESS OF SELF – ASSESSMENT 9 3. PRESENTATION OF THE SCHOOL 13 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Equality, Process, and Campus Sexual Assault Julie Novkov
    Maryland Law Review Volume 75 | Issue 2 Article 5 Equality, Process, and Campus Sexual Assault Julie Novkov Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation 75 Md. L. Rev. 590 (2016) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EQUALITY, PROCESS, AND CAMPUS SEXUAL ASSAULT JULIE NOVKOV By the end of the College Bowl Series playoff game, Heisman- winning quarterback Jameis Winston was having a very bad day. His Flor- ida State Seminoles had been trounced by the Oregon Ducks in a game fea- turing multiple miscues and turnovers by the offense and by Winston him- self. At the end of the game, as Winston was leaving the field, a handful of jubilant Duck players initiated a taunt to the tune of the Seminoles’ “toma- hawk chop” chant: “No means no!”1 The chant, which provoked delighted support, predictable outrage, charges of hypocrisy, and threats of punishment from the head coach, re- ferred to a simmering allegation against Winston dating back to December 2012 that he had raped a fellow student.2 On the night of December 6, Winston’s accuser, a nineteen-year-old female freshman, allegedly shared at least five mixed drinks with him at a bar and departed in a taxi with three Florida State football players.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE Edward T. Blake Employment Presentations Education Honors Professional Affiliations Personal Publications Contact Information EMPLOYMENT Paul L. Kirk & Associates, 1969-1970. Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office Criminalistics Laboratory, intern, 1971-1972. Teaching Assistant, Forensic Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, 1971-1972. Graduate Research Fellow, University of California, Berkeley, 1973-1975. Research Assistant, University of California, Berkeley, 1975-1977. Consultant in Forensic Biology, 1975-present. EDUCATION Bachelor of Science [Criminalistics], University of California, Berkeley, 1968. Doctor of Criminology [Forensic Science], University of California, Berkeley, 1976. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS California Association of Criminalists Sigma Xi [Research Society of North America] American Society of Human Genetics American Association for the Advancement of Science New York Academy of Sciences American Academy of Forensic Sciences Northwest Association of Forensic Scientists PUBLICATIONS Blake, Edward T., Cashman, Paul J., and Thornton, John I., Qualitative Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide by Means of the 10-Hydroxy Derivative. Anal. Chem., 45:2, 1973, 394-395. Blake, Edward T., and Dillon, D. J., Microorganisms and the Presumptive Tests for Blood. J. Pol. Sci. Admin., 1:4, 1973, 395-400. Caldwell, Kevin, Blake, Edward T., and Sensabaugh, G. F., Sperm Diaphorase: Genetic Polymorphism of a Sperm-Specific Enzyme in Man. Science, 191, 1976, 1185-1187. Blake, Edward T., and Sensabaugh, George F., Genetic Markers in Human Semen: A Review. J. For. Sci., 21:4, 1976, 784-796. Blake, Edward T., and Sensabaugh, G. F., Protein and Enzyme Polymorphisms in Human Semen. For. Sci., 6, 1975, 108, [Abstract]; International Microform J. Leg. Med., 10, 1975, 21, [Text]. Blake, Edward T., and Sensabaugh, G.
    [Show full text]
  • The Time of Death - a Legal, Ethical and Medical Dilemma
    The Catholic Lawyer Volume 18 Number 3 Volume 18, Summer 1972, Number 3 Article 7 The Time of Death - A Legal, Ethical and Medical Dilemma John E. Pearson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl Part of the Medical Jurisprudence Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Catholic Lawyer by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE TIME OF DEATH-A LEGAL, ETHICAL AND MEDICAL DILEMMA Introduction On December 4, 1967 an amazed world learned that a South African physician, Dr. Christian Barnard, had transplanted the heart of one hopelessly injured patient into the body of another man who was dying of advanced cardiac disease.' This unprecedented operation brought the remarkable advances of medical technology over the pre- vious fifty years into sharp focus. The major medical obstacle to suc- cessful transplants had been the body's production of antibodies which reject the introduction of foreign substances into the system. 2 To fight this rejection process, medical scientists developed a substance known as antilymphocyteglobulin (ALG) .3 This substance performed excel- lently in preventing the rejection process. However, it created a new medical problem: ALG retards the production of lymphocytes which create the rejection process but lymphocytes are necessary to fight off infection in the body. This complication meant that doctors might be successful in preventing rejection of a transplanted vital organ only to 4 lose the patient to infection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Criminal Justice and Community Response to Rape
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. .-; .( '\ U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice The Criminal Justice and Community Response to Rape • About the National Institute of Justice The National Institute of Justice (NiJ), a component of the The research and development program that resulted in Office of Justice Programs, is the research and development the creation of police body armor that has meant the agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. NIJ was estab­ difference between life and death to hundreds of police lished to prevent and reduce crime and to improve the officers. criminal justice system. Specific mandates established by Congress in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pioneering scientific advances such as the research and of 1968, as amended, and the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 development of DNA analysis to positively identify direct the National Institute of Justice to: suspects and eliminate the innocent from suspicion. Sponsor special projects, and research and develop­ The evaluation of innovative justice programs to deter­ ment programs that will improve and strengthen the mine what works, including drug enforcement, commu­ criminal justice system and reduce or prevent crime. nity policing, community anti-drug initiatives, prosecu­ tion of complex drug cases, drug testing throughout the Conduct national demonstration projects that employ criminal justice system, and user accountability pro­ f I innovative or promising approaches for improving crimi­ grams. nal justice. Creation of a corrections information-sharing system Develop new technologies to fight crime and improve that enables State and local officials to exchange more criminal justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Medical Science in the Administration of Criminal Justice Oscar T
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 23 Article 3 Issue 5 January--February Winter 1933 Role of Medical Science in the Administration of Criminal Justice Oscar T. Schultz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Oscar T. Schultz, Role of Medical Science in the Administration of Criminal Justice, 23 Am. Inst. Crim. L. & Criminology 736 (1932-1933) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. THE ROLE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE IN THE 1 ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2 OscAR T. SCHULTZ Introduction Law and medicine come in contact with each other in an im- portant field in which information that scientific medicine is in posi- tion to furnish should be made available to and utilized by law in the administration of criminal justice. Some of this same body of medical information enters also into the administration of civil jus- tice. Malpractice and claims for accident insurance, personal in- jury, and workmen's compensation need only to be mentioned to emphasize the importance of medical opinion in this field of law. But the medical aspects of the administration of criminal justice far out- weigh those that enter in civil actions. Since the administration of criminal justice involves a controversy between the state and the al- leged criminal offender, medicine owes an obligation to society, and it is the duty, rather than the privilege, of medicine to meet this obliga- tion as competently as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Forensic Entomology in Crime Scene Investigations in Malaysia
    APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS IN MALAYSIA KAVITHA RAJAGOPAL FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS IN MALAYSIA KAVITHA RAJAGOPAL THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: KAVITHA RAJAGOPAL (I.C/Passport No:) Registration/Matric No: SHC 080037 Name of Degree: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY IN CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS IN MALAYSIA. Field of Study: FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM.
    [Show full text]