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A PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO DE AVIS: UMA FAMÍLIA “EXEMPLAR” (Portugal – Século XV)

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A PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO DE AVIS: UMA FAMÍLIA “EXEMPLAR” (Portugal – Século XV) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE CENTRO DE ESTUDOS GERAIS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MARIANA BONAT TREVISAN A PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO DE AVIS: UMA FAMÍLIA “EXEMPLAR” (Portugal – Século XV) VOLUME 1 NITERÓI 2016 MARIANA BONAT TREVISAN A PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO DE AVIS: UMA FAMÍLIA “EXEMPLAR” (Portugal – Século XV) Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em História Social, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História Social. Orientadora: Profa. Dra.VÂNIA LEITE FRÓES NITERÓI 2016 T814 Trevisan, Mariana Bonat. A primeira geração de Avis : uma família "exemplar" (Portugal, século XV) / Mariana Bonat Trevisan. – 2016. 2 v. (392 f.) : il. Orientadora: Vânia Leite Fróes. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. Departamento de História, 2016. Bibliografia: f. 354-377. 1. Dinastia de Avis, 1357-1578. 2. Portugal. 3. Família. 4. Valores. 5. Ética cristã. I. Fróes, Vânia Leite. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. III. Título. MARIANA BONAT TREVISAN A PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO DE AVIS: UMA FAMÍLIA “EXEMPLAR” (Portugal – Século XV) Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em História Social, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História Social Aprovada em: 01/04/2016 BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Vânia Leite Fróes – Orientadora UFF ________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Lana Lage da Gama Lima – Arguidora UENF ________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Marcella Lopes Guimarães – Arguidora UFPR ________________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Miriam Cabral Coser – Arguidora UNIRIO ______________________ __________________________________ Professor Doutor Mario Jorge da Motta Bastos - Arguidor UFF Niterói 2016 DEDICATÓRIA À minha família. Ao meu amor. Aos meus amigos. Aos meus mestres. A um casal exemplar, meus avós, Jandyra Borsato Bonat e Pedro Bonat Sobrinho (In memorian) AGRADECIMENTOS À Professora Doutora Vânia Leite Fróes, minha estimada orientadora que me acompanha desde o mestrado. Nestes seis anos de minha formação na pós-graduação pude contar com toda a sua sabedoria, ensinamentos, direcionamentos, apoio, compreensão e amizade. Suas contribuições (desde as primeiras conversas sobre um possível projeto de doutorado em 2011) foram fundamentais para a construção e finalização deste trabalho. Creio poder afirmar que Vânia Fróes é uma professora mais que exemplar e, parafraseando os cronistas medievais, deveria servir de espelho a todos os que pretendem se dedicar ao ofício do magistério e de historiador. Ao PPGH-UFF e a CAPES, pela concessão de bolsa de doutorado e de bolsa PDSE para a realização do doutorado sanduíche em Portugal. Aos Professores Doutores Mário Jorge da Motta Bastos e Miriam Cabral Coser, que além de contribuirem de diferentes formas para minhas pesquisas desde o mestrado, participaram da banca de qualificação e defesa da tese, dedicando seu tempo à leitura do trabalho e trazendo contribuições fundamentais. Do mesmo modo, sou muito grata às Professoras Doutoras Lana Lage da Gama Lima e Marcella Lopes Guimarães, arguidoras da banca de defesa. À Professora Doutora Maria Helena da Cruz Coelho, a qual me concedeu a honra de ser supervisionada na Universidade de Coimbra por um dos maiores nomes da historiografia medieval portuguesa. Por tão gentilmente guiar-me na realização das pesquisas do doutorado sanduíche em Portugal. Às Professoras Doutoras Manuela Santos Silva e Ana Maria Rodrigues, primeiramente por seus valiosos trabalhos nas temáticas relativas ao gênero e História das Mulheres em Portugal. Por atenciosamente terem concedido seu tempo na Universidade de Lisboa para conversar sobre fontes e bibliografia relativas ao meu tema de pesquisa. Sou-lhes muito grata também pelo incentivo e apoio para a minha participação no evento internacional IV Kings and Queens Conference, sucedido na Universidade de Lisboa durante o período de meu estágio PDSE. Aos professores brasileiros que me inspiram no estudo da Idade Média desde os tempos de graduação. Em especial, a Professora Doutora Marcella Lopes Guimarães, minha orientadora de monografia na UFPR, responsável pelo início de minha paixão por Portugal medieval. Aos amigos e colegas de Portugal que me auxiliaram e contribuíram de alguma forma na realização de meu estágio de pesquisa em terras lusas: Covadonga Valdaliso, Ana Santos Leitão, Tiago Faria, Hélder Carvalhal, Francisco Marcilla, André Bertoli e Ida Camila Granja. Aos amigos e colegas do Scriptorium- UFF, fundamentais em diversos momentos durante o doutorado, principalmente após meu regresso à Curitiba. Em especial a Carolina Ferro, Tereza Rocha, Leonardo Fontes e Ieda Mello. Não posso deixar de esquecer os meus queridos Douglas Mota e Viviane Azevedo de Jesuz que, junto a mim, constituem desde os tempos do mestrado os “três mosqueteiros” do Scriptorium. A todos os amigos que compartilharam comigo as agruras e alegrias da vida acadêmica nesses anos de UFF, especialmente Renan Birro, Zé Inaldo Chaves Jr., Letícia Campos, Fernanda Haag, Aldenor Madeira Neto. Aos amigos de “sempre”, que também contribuíram nessa caminhada do doutorado, em especial Tanara, Rogério, Robson, Renata, Tamyres e Danilo. A todos que passaram por minha vida e que contribuíram de algum modo para que esse trabalho pudesse ser realizado. À minha família, minha mãe Yara, meu pai Nilo e minha irmã Cristiane. Só vocês sabem o quanto esses últimos quatro anos não foram nada fáceis, sem vocês a conclusão desse sonho não teria sido possível. Se somos uma família “exemplar” ou não, pouco importa. O que importa é o amor que nos une e sempre unirá. A quem passou a me acompanhar em terras lusas na metade do último ano de elaboração da tese e que esperamos acompanhar agora no Brasil para toda a vida. O mais inesperado e maior presente que Portugal me deu, meu noivo André Filipe Baptista. Obrigada por seu amor, sua compreensão e auxílio desde o início, obrigada por seres exatamente quem és. EPÍGRAFE A memória emerge de um grupo que ela une. Pierre Nora RESUMO Com a ascensão do bastardo régio D. João (1357-1433), Mestre de Avis, ao trono português no final do século XIV e seu casamento com a nobre inglesa D. Filipa de Lencastre (1360-1415), surgia uma nova dinastia no reino e uma nova família real. Composta pelo casal e seus seis filhos, a primeira geração da dinastia de Avis viria a ser conhecida através dos tempos pela significativa expressão de “Ínclita Geração”. A construção da imagem de uma família “exemplar” remonta ao reinado do fundador e continua ao longo do século XV, com a elaboração de todo um programa legitimador e propagandístico da nova casa real. Através da palavra, expressivamente pela elaboração de um corpo de leis, pela escrita de crônicas régias, tratados técnicos e moralísticos (compostos pelos próprios príncipes de Avis ou por servidores régios), a Casa avisina procurou afirmar seu lugar no trono luso e a incontestabilidade de seu poder. Em meio a um contexto de valorização da família conjugal pela moral cristã, a primeira geração de Avis se identificaria e se faria representar por meio de valores como virtude, devoção, lealdade, honra, amor e concórdia. Atuando na direção de uma monarquia partilhada, a família régia não ficaria incólume a reveses, conflitos e disputas políticas de seu tempo, passando por momentos difíceis que em parte fraturaram sua imagem exemplar ou a de alguns de seus membros. No entanto, a base memorialística constituída pelo casal régio D. João I e D. Filipa se manteria intocada, servindo em diferentes momentos para recuperar a imagem dos ínclitos infantes e mesmo para propagandear os reis seguintes da dinastia. Palavras-chave: Dinastia de Avis. Ínclita Geração. Representação familiar. Afirmação dinástica. ABSTRACT With the rise of the royal bastard D. João (1357-1433), Master of Avis, to the Portuguese throne in the late 14th century and his marriage to the English noble Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415), the kingdom witnessed the beginning of a new dynasty and a new royal family. Comprised by the couple and their six children, the first generation of Avis would be known over time by the significant expression of "illustrious generation". The construction of the image of an "exemplary" family dates back to the reign of the founder and continues throughout the 15th century, with the development of an entire legitimizing and propagandist program of the new royal house. Through word, expressively by drawing up a body of law, by writing royal chronicles, technical and moral treatises (composed by Avis princes themselves or royal servants), the house of Avis sought to corroborate their place in the Portuguese throne and the undeniability of its power. In a context of appreciation of the marital family by Christian morality, the first generation of Avis would identify itself and would be represented by values such as virtue, devotion, loyalty, honor, love and concord. Working toward a shared monarchy, the royal family would not be unscathed to the setbacks and political struggles of its time, going through hard times that partly fractured its exemplary image or the image of some of its members. However, the memoirs basis constituted by the royal couple King John I and
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