Short Communication: Assessing Phytoplankton Species Structure in Trophically Different Water Bodies of South Ural, Russia
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BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 22, Number 8, August 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 3530-3538 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220853 Short Communication: Assessing phytoplankton species structure in trophically different water bodies of South Ural, Russia ANASTASIYA KOSTRYUKOVA1,, IRINA MASHKOVA1, SERGEY BELOV1, ELENA SHCHELKANOVA2, VIKTOR TROFIMENKO3 1Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University. 76 Lenin Prospect, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia. Tel./Fax. +7-351-2679517, email: [email protected] 2Institute of Linguistics and International Communications, South Ural State University. 76 Lenin Prospect, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia 3Department of Philosophy and Culturology, South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. 69 Lenin Prospect, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia Manuscript received: 6 April 2021. Revision accepted: 29 July 2021. Abstract. Kostryukova A, Mashkova I, Belov S, Shchelkanova E, Trofimenko V. 2021. Short Communication: Assessing phytoplankton species structure in trophically different water bodies of South Ural, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 3530-3538. The study aims to analyze the species structure of the phytoplankton communities of four water bodies in South Ural (Lakes-Turgoyak, Uvildy, Ilmenskoe and Shershnevskoe reservoir). These water bodies are characterized by different trophic states and levels of anthropogenic impact. Lake Turgoyak is oligotrophic; Lake Uvildy is oligomesotrophic. Both water bodies are protected areas and natural monuments. But tourism and recreation are not prohibited on their territories. The mesoeutrophic Lake Ilmenskoe is partially located within the Ilmen State Reserve, and it experiences less anthropogenic impact. The eutrophic Shershnevskoe reservoir is located within the boundaries of the city of Chelyabinsk. It is used as a source of drinking water. Cyanobacteria was the dominant division in the eutrophic Shershnevskoe reservoir. Bacillariophyta dominated in the plankton communities in oligotrophic Lake Turgoyak and oligomesotrophic Lake Uvildy. Green and blue-green algae biodiversity increased in the oligomesotrophic Lake Uvildy. For the mesoeutrophic Lake Ilmenskoe, diatom algae are dominant, but a higher proportion of Chlorophyta (especially Cyanobacteria) was revealed. Species similarity among phytoplankton communities in the given lakes was studied through cluster analysis based on the Sorensen-Czekanowski coefficient. The higher level of similarity between plankton species compositions could be explained by their locality rather than their trophic status. Keywords: Biodiversity, species structure, Lake Turgoyak, Lake Uvildy, Lake Ilmenskoe, phytoplankton, Shershevskoe Reservoir INTRODUCTION al. 2020; Yang et al. 2020). Pearsall (1932) first defined the main transformations in lake algae composition after All living communities naturally change their structure, enrichment by biogenic elements. He studied nine lakes in and algae is not an exception (Ansari and Gill 2014; England with well-defined plankton types. Among them Paulino et al. 2018; Bazarova et al. 2019). This change is a were rocky lakes with primarily green plankton, silted rather long process, and there is no singular opinion on the lakes with primarily blue-green algae and lakes with reasons for transformations in species structure. However, primarily diatoms. Pearsall revealed the following pattern human activity has a significant impact on the succession in his work: the communities change from a predominance of phytoplankton communities (Setyono and Himawan of yellow-green algae (Chrysophyta), desmid algae 2018; Mashkova et al. 2020a; Namsaraev et al. 2020). (Chlorophyta Desmidiales) and diatom (Baccilariophyta) Phytoplankton responds quickly to changes in its aquatic with low biomass to a predominance of blue-green environment, which allows it to be used as a bioindicator. (Cyanobacteria) with high biomass (Snit’ko 2009). Microalgae are also very sensitive and respond quickly to Rakocevic-Nedovic and Hollert (2005) registered the decreased water quality caused by human activity (Setyono qualitative dominance of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta and Himawan 2018). Eutrophication, which influences in the mesotrophic Lake Scadar (Montenegro, Balkan) aquatic biodiversity, affects many water bodies around the throughout the year of study. Diatoms dominated in spring world and is considered a global issue (Ansari and Gill with the population peak in May (Rakocevic-Nedovic and 2013; Ismest’eva et al. 2015; Viaroli et al. 2015; Gao et al. Hollert 2005). In summer they remained quite numerous. 2020; Pratiwi et al. 2020). Eutrophication leads to higher However, in June, green algae became dominant. Blue- trophic states. Increased biogenic element intake from a green algae dominated the community late in summer with catchment area due to human activity leads to the the population peak reached in August. Diatoms were transformation of phytoplankton community structure, dominant again in winter (Rakocevic-Nedovic and Hollert changes in season dynamics of the biomass and the 2005). Ayoade et al. (2019) marked the abundance of increased significance of some species (Snit’ko 2009; Suda Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in eutrophic water bodies et al. 2016; Pratiwi et al. 2018; Song et al. 2019; Wang et from April till October. KOSTRYUKOVA et al. – Phytoplankton species structure in trophically different water bodies 3531 The Chelyabinsk region (part of the South Ural region) of species structure of phytoplankton community and the is an industrial and agricultural zone with 88.5 thousand m2 trophic status of water bodies. of land. It is located on the border of Europe and Asia in the southern part of the Urals and on the adjusting West Siberian plain (Figure 1). The major industries are iron and MATERIALS AND METHODS steel, mechanical engineering, non-ferrous industry (copper, zinc, and nickel production), chemical production Study area and others. These industries have a negative impact on the Four water bodies in the South Ural region with environment (Ministry of Ecology of the Chelyabinsk different trophic status were selected for study: Turgoyak, Region 2019). The Chelyabinsk region has more than 3000 an oligotrophic lake; Uvildy, an oligomesotrophic lake; water bodies (Levit 2005). Of these numerous water Ilmenskoe, a mesoeutrophic lake; and the Shershnevskoe bodies, only 100 have a surface area of more than 5 km2. reservoir, a eutrophic water body (Figure 1). The region’s water bodies are predominantly smaller than 1 km2 in surface area. Most of the large lakes are widely used Characteristics of water bodies for recreation (Besedin et al. 2000; Veisberg et al. 2015; The morphology of the water bodies is given in Table 1. Zakharov 2018). Turgoyak and Uvildy are large and deep lakes with a The natural water bodies of Chelyabinsk region are surface area of over 10 km2 and a depth of more than 20 closely studied. The human impact on water bodies and km. Ilmenskoe is medium-sized (1-10 km2 ) but shallow. their shores and, on flora and fauna (phytoplankton and The water surface area of the Shershnevskoe reservoir zooplankton communities, macrophytes, mollusks and fish) allows for its classification as a large lake, but it is shallow are assessed. The changing chemical indices of water (Snit’ko 2009). According to the chemical composition, the receive a great deal of attention. The studies are lakes belong to the hydrocarbonate class of the calcium comprehensive and give a full review of water bodies. The group (Snit’ko 2009). All the chosen lakes and the trophic status of South Ural water bodies has been widely Shershnevskoe reservoir are freshwater bodies. The salinity studied using different methods. Mashkova et al. (2021) of Turgoyak and Ilmenskoe does not exceed 300 mg.L-1, researched the trophic status of the Chelyabinsk region Uvildy is measured at 370-390 mg.L-1, and the water bodies by the zooplankton community. The Shershnevskoe reservoir – 400-500 mg.L-1 (Snit’ko 2009). ecological state of aquatic ecosystems was repeatedly studied using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess Anthropogenic impact on water bodies phytoplankton (Kostryukova et al. 2019, 2020). But there is Lake Turgoyak is near the city of Miass (population little significant research on phytoplankton communities in >150,000). Automobile building is the predominant Chelyabinsk region water bodies. The most important industry. Lake Turgoyak was recognized as a natural works are by Snit’ko and Sergeeva (2003), Yarushina et al. monument in 1969. Natural monuments are created to (2004). They provided the general characteristics of preserve small areas of valuable natural objects. plankton in the region and studied the specific features of Environmental, scientific, educational and recreational the species composition and taxonomic structure of algae activities are allowed on their territory. They are actively communities. Snit’ko (2009) provided information on used for sightseeing, tourism and recreation (Federal Law phytoplankton in various South Ural water bodies subject 1995). Lake Turgoyak experiences an adverse human to human impact. impact from recreation, with 50,000-100,000 tourists The composition and structure of phytoplankton in visiting each year (Zakharov 2018). Water from Lake water bodies show the status of the water system. With Turgoyak was used for economic needs from 1952 untill increased human impact on water bodies, the structure, the early 1990-s. The water intake exceeded