Windbreaks That Work!
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PUBL-FR-070 2003 2003 PUBL-FR-070 JG cient way to remove them. remove to way cient effi most the is elder, elm, honeysuckle, and buckthorn. Hand removal in the seedling stage with a sharp grub hoe hoe grub sharp a with stage seedling the in removal Hand buckthorn. and honeysuckle, elm, elder, Newly planted windbreaks are subject to invasion by many undesirable species such as willow, box box willow, as such species undesirable many by invasion to subject are windbreaks planted Newly Division of Forestry of Division replacement is made the following season and requires hand planting. hand requires and season following the made is replacement Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Natural of Department Wisconsin Replace dead trees and shrubs every spring until you have 100 percent survival. Normally, Normally, survival. percent 100 have you until spring every shrubs and trees dead Replace PAPER mice and voles. and mice RECYCLED N O PRINTED effective alternatives. The reduction of heavy grass buildup around the plants reduces habitat for for habitat reduces plants the around buildup grass heavy of reduction The alternatives. effective accomplished with herbicides, but cultivation, mowing, mulches, and hand weeding are all all are weeding hand and mulches, mowing, cultivation, but herbicides, with accomplished year, invading grasses and weeds can threaten a young windbreak. This weed control is best best is control weed This windbreak. young a threaten can weeds and grasses invading year, Service–Wisconsin rst three years after establishment is very important. Within the fi the Within important. very is establishment after years three rst fi the in control Weed rst rst U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Conservation Resources Natural Agriculture, of Department U.S. investment of time and money is worth protecting with a fence. a with protecting worth is money and time of investment Resources and Minnesota Extension Service Extension Minnesota and Resources re. These young plants are especially attractive to cattle. Your Your cattle. to attractive especially are plants young These re. fi and livestock from planting your Resources Conservation Service; Minnesota Department of Natural Natural of Department Minnesota Service; Conservation Resources Like children, windbreaks require a little nurturing and maintenance in the early years. Protect Protect years. early the in maintenance and nurturing little a require windbreaks children, Like Wisconsin; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Natural Natural Resources; Natural of Department Wisconsin Wisconsin; Professor Ed Hasselkus, Department of Horticulture, University of of University Horticulture, of Department Hasselkus, Ed Professor Long Term Maintenance Term Long Photos in brochure provided by University of Wisconsin Arboretum; Arboretum; Wisconsin of University by provided brochure in Photos Edited in 2003 by Jim Storandt, Greg Edge, and Kristin Peterson Kristin and Edge, Greg Storandt, Jim by 2003 in Edited Trent Marty, and Tom Thrall Tom and Marty, Trent Dogwood Ninebark American Hazelnut Hazelnut American Ninebark Dogwood Original text, 1992, by Renae Anderson, Dick Camp, Alan Crossely, Crossely, Alan Camp, Dick Anderson, Renae by 1992, text, Original that Work! that (optional) Trap Snow Acknowledgments Ninebark Wild Plum Hawthorn American Highbush Cranberry Highbush American Hawthorn Plum Wild www.nrcs.usda.gov/ White Cedar White Spruce Dogwoods American Hazelnut American Dogwoods Spruce White Cedar White information. Madison, WI 53719 WI Madison, (Rows 3, 4, and 5) and 4, 3, (Rows Rows Leeward Windbreaks more for 267-7494 call Please request. upon 6515 Watts Road Watts 6515 format (large print, Braille, audio tape, etc) etc) tape, audio Braille, print, (large format Red Oak Red NRCS This publication is available in alternative alternative in available is publication This ³ of state only) Green Ash Green only) state of ²⁄ (northern Pine Pine Red White www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. D.C. Washington, Interior, (Row 2) (Row Row Interior ce, Department of of Department ce, Offi Opportunity Equal www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/forestry If you have any questions, please write to to write please questions, any have you If Ninebark Wild Plum American Highbush Cranberry Highbush American Plum Wild Ninebark Madison, WI 53707-7921 WI Madison, rmative Action Plan. Plan. Action rmative Affi an under functions White Cedar White Spruce Dogwoods American Hazelnut American Dogwoods Spruce White Cedar White Box 7921 Box its employment, programs, services, and and services, programs, employment, its (Row 1) (Row Row Windward Bureau of Wildlife Management Wildlife of Bureau Resources provides equal opportunity in in opportunity equal provides Resources DNR, Division of Forestry or Forestry of Division DNR, The Wisconsin Department of Natural Natural of Department Wisconsin The Recommended species for each row in windbreak planting. windbreak in row each for species Recommended 2. Table nd out how to get in touch with your local DNR forester, wildlife manager, or NRCS, contact: NRCS, or manager, wildlife forester, DNR local your with touch in get to how out nd fi To planters. Many LCDs also have tree and shrub seedling programs. seedling shrub and tree have also LCDs Many planters. Green Ash Oak Ash Red Green Department (LCD). The local DNR foresters usually coordinate the rental of the mechanical tree tree mechanical the of rental the coordinate usually foresters DNR local The (LCD). Department —space 10 feet apart in rows and 10–15 feet apart between rows between apart feet 10–15 and rows in apart feet 10 —space Hardwoods Most counties have access to mechanical tree planters through the county Land Conservation Conservation Land county the through planters tree mechanical to access have counties Most White Pine White Spruce White Cedar Pine Red Cedar White Spruce Pine White White windbreaks. —space 8 feet apart in rows and 10–15 feet apart between rows between apart feet 10–15 and rows in apart feet 8 —space Conifers The Farm Services Agency (FSA) may cost-share with agricultural producers on establishing establishing on producers agricultural with cost-share may (FSA) Agency Services Farm The Wild Plum Plum Hawthorn Wild your farmstead or fi or farmstead your elds. NRCS provides technical assistance to private landowners at no charge. no at landowners private to assistance technical provides NRCS elds. —space plants 8 feet apart in rows and 10 feet apart between rows between apart feet 10 and rows in apart feet 8 plants —space Trees Small The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) can help you plan an effective windbreak for for windbreak effective an plan you help can (NRCS) Service Conservation Resources Natural The Ninebark DNR forester, wildlife manager, or NRCS District Conservationist. District NRCS or manager, wildlife forester, DNR Dogwoods American Highbush Cranberry American Hazelnut American Cranberry Highbush American Dogwoods For additional information on the benefi the on information additional For ts of windbreaks and ordering seedlings, contact your local local your contact seedlings, ordering and windbreaks of ts —space plants 4 feet apart in rows and 6 feet apart between rows between apart feet 6 and rows in apart feet 4 plants —space Shrubs For More Information More For Table 1. Table Recommended species and spacing for windbreak plantings. windbreak for spacing and species Recommended American Highbush Cranberry Red Pine Species Descriptions A large shrub, 10–13 feet tall at maturity, with attractive Red pine usually grows 60–80 feet tall. Red pine gets its white fl ower clusters in May producing bright orange- name from the large reddish brown plates visible on the red fruits in September. The persistence of the fruit bark as the tree matures. The dark green needles are throughout the winter suggests it is not very palatable to 4"–6" long in bundles of two. Cones are 2" long. Its seed Dogwoods most birds. However, the fact that it is persistent makes it is a favorite food of the pine siskin. Red pine does best in The dogwoods (Silky, Red-osier, and Gray) are native to a valuable emergency food source in severe winters. Site the northern ²⁄³ of the state. Site Preference: thrives on Wisconsin and extremely winter hardy. All species spread Preference: requires well-drained to moist sites for best light, acid, sandy soils, occasionally attaining large size from underground stolons and attain heights of 4–10 feet. development. on heavier soils. Spring fl owers typically bloom in May and produce white to blue berry-like fruit in August. It is heavily browsed by deer and a preferred food of turkey, grouse, etc. It is also an important cover plant for a variety of species. Site American Hazelnut Preference: moist to well-drained soils in sun or shade Hazelnut is a medium-sized shrub, 8–10 feet tall, that is although does its best in full sun. common throughout Wisconsin. The nuts are enclosed in fl at, ragged-appearing husks which mature in late Ninebark summer. Hazelnuts are an excellent food source for Eastern White Pine deer, squirrel, chipmunks, blue jays, turkey, and grouse. Ninebark develops into a multi-stemmed, arching shrub Native to Wisconsin, the majestic white pine can grow Site Preference: grows well on a variety of soil types, about 10 feet tall at maturity. The bark peels into papery to 100 feet. Needles are 3"–5" long occurring in bundles including sandy soils; grows best in full sunlight. strips resembling “9s.” Numerous clusters of small white of 5 which distinguish it from other native pines. Cones fl owers in late May develop into brownish capsules in are 4"–6" long and mature in August or September of September. Ruffed grouse eat the buds and songbirds the second season. White pine is a frequent nest site of eat the small seeds. Ninebark makes excellent wildlife robins, mourning doves, and blue jays, among others. The cover. Site Preference: one of the few shrubs that will rapid growth of white pine makes it ideal for wildlife cover.