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Reporting Techniques & Skills Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills Study Material for Students 1 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA WORLD Mass communication and Journalism is institutionalized and source specific. It functions through well-organized professionals and has an ever increasing interlace. Mass media has a global availability and it has converted the whole world in to a global village. A qualified journalism professional can take up a job of educating, entertaining, informing, persuading, interpreting, and guiding. Working in print media offers the opportunities to be a news reporter, news presenter, an editor, a feature writer, a photojournalist, etc. Electronic media offers great opportunities of being a news reporter, news editor, newsreader, programme host, interviewer, cameraman, producer, director, etc. Other titles of Mass Communication and Journalism professionals are script writer, production assistant, technical director, floor manager, lighting director, scenic director, coordinator, creative director, advertiser, media planner, media consultant, public relation officer, counselor, front office executive, event manager and others. 2 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping : Reporting Techniques & Skills INTRODUCTION The book deals with techniques of reporting. The students will learn the skills of gathering news and reporter’s art of writing the news. The book explains the basic formula of writing the news and the kinds of leads. Students will also learn different types of reporting and the importance of clarity and accuracy in writing news. The book also deals with the art of writing Articles, Editorials, Middle, Profiles, and Letters to the Editor, Book Reviews, Film Review and Sports Reviews. At the end of the book, students will learn about Photojournalism. 3 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills INDEX Reporting Techniques & Skills 1. The Business of Mass Media & Reporter. 10-14 2. Gathering the News: 14- 24 2.1 Reporting & Reporters 2.2 Training & Qualifications to be a reporter 2.3 Where reporter works 2.4 Reporting for Newspapers 14. 2.5 Taking Notes 2.6. Interviews 2.7 Types of interviews 23 2.8. News Reporting 2.8.1 Investigative or Interpretative Reporting 2.9 A nose for News. 29 2.10. Organizing the information 2.10.1 Writing and Editing 2.10.2. The main elements of News 2.10.3. Functions of News 2.10.4. News Sources 3. Skills for Writing News: 25-60 3.1 The basic formula 3.2. Structure for news story 3.2.1. The Inverted Pyramid 3.3 Writing the Lead 3.4 Types of Leads 3.5 Headlines 3.5.1. The Types of leads – 3.5.2.Four functions of a headline: 3.6 Types of News Writing 3.7 Organization of Topic of Newspaper 3.8 Types of Reporting 3.9 Writing the Story 4. Types of Reporting: 60-79 4.1. Crime Reporting 4.2. Court Reporting 4.3. Health Reporting 4.4. Civic Reporting 4.5. Political Reporting 4.6. Business Reporting 4.7. Science & Technology Reporting 4.8. Sport Reporting 4.9. Culture Reporting 4.10. Civil Administration Reporting 4.11.Education Reporting 4 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills 4.12.Development Reporting 5. Writing the Story: 80- 96 5.1 Magazine Writing 5.2. How to write an Obituary? 5.2.1. Article Writing 5.3. Editorial Writing guidelines 5.4.. Writing Letter to Editor 5.5. Writing Film Review 5.6.Writing Book Review 5.7. New paradigm features 6. Photo Journalism: 97- 117 6.1 . Photojournalism 6.2. What is a photojournalist? 6.3 photojournalist different from a photographer 6.4. Uses of Photography 6.4.1 Elements of Photography 6.4.2. Point of Interest 6.5. Role of Visualizations 6.6. Photo Editing in newspaper 6.7. India's Top Cartoonists 6.8. Cartooning Glossary of journalism terms 118-124 Summery 125 Questions for practice 127 Suggested reading 128 5 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills SYLLABUS Reporting Techniques & Skills UNIT 1. The Business of Mass Media & Reporter. UNIT 2. Gathering the News: Reporting & Reporters - Training & Qualifications to be a reporter - Where reporter works - Reporting for Newspapers - Reporting the expected & unexpected - Made news – What reporters do - Reporting skills - A nose for News. Observation listening & seeing, Taking notes, finding, checking, verifying, analyzing & interpreting information - Interviewing -Asking questions - Types of interviews - Interviewing techniques. UNIT 3. Skills for Writing News: The basic formula - The Inverted Pyramid: advantages & disadvantages. Writing the Lead - Kinds of Leads - The summary Lead - Thinking through the Lead - Finding the appropriate verb - No news Lead - Organizing the facts - Time elements - Variations on the summary Lead - Some other aspects of the Lead - Datelines, Credit Lines, Bylines -Checklist for the standard of the news story. UNIT 4. Types of Reporting: Objective, Interpretative, Investigative, Legal, Developmental. Political. Sports, Crime, Economic & Commercial, Technical & Science Reporting & the rest. UNIT 5. Writing the Story: Single - Incident Story - Attribution - Identification - Time and Timeliness – The Stylebook. UNIT 6. Photo Journalism: How is News Photography different from the rest - Analyzing the camera angle Action photography - Choosing the right - pix - India's Top Photo Journalists. Cartooning: The Craftsmanship, India's Top Cartoonists UNIT 7. Glossary of Newspaper terminology 6 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills REPORTING TECHNIQUES & SKILLS OBJECTIVES To understand the techniques of reporting To know the skills of gathering news and art of writing the news To understand the importance of clarity and accuracy in writing news To study the types of reporting To learn the art of writing Articles, Editorials, Middle, Profiles, and Letters to the Editor, Book Reviews, Film Review and Sports Reviews The know about photojournalism INTRODUCTION Part – I Mass Media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. It was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines, although mass media was present centuries before the term became common. The term public media has a similar meaning: it is the sum of the public mass distributors of news and entertainment across mediums such as newspapers, television, radio, broadcasting, which require union membership in large markets such as Newspaper Guild and & text publishers. The concept of mass media is complicated in some internet media as now individuals have a means of potential exposure on a scale comparable to what was previously restricted to select group of mass media producers. These internet media can include personal web pages and blogs. UNIT 1. THE BUSINESS OF MASS MEDIA & REPORTER Journalism is not a profession that is founded on starry-eyed optimism. It scorns the up lifter as much as it suspects the reformers, having had grievous experience with both in the course of its daily dealings with human affairs. In fact, it cries woe knows full well that such an automatic reflex action has a better chance of being right or wrong. 7 Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Reporting Techniques & Skills Today, Progressive Journalists have realized that there are both civic and national responsibilities that come ahead of their normal professional duties. Merely telling and printing the news is not enough, nor is it sufficient to keep chanting a litany about interpreting the news without finding better people, better ways, more space, and more time to do it before a crisis makes it imperative. The reporter or the journalist is no longer justifies in wrapping himself in the guise of a philosophical anarchist and pretending that he is someone set apart with a mission beyond that of ordinary men. For the fact is that he no longer is mere news gatherer, often, in the act of gathering news, he makes it and even influences the course of events. Surely, the time has come for him to recognize it. He is not part of the gigantic shadow play, he is one of the principal actors, and what he says and does can have a substantial influence on its outcome. He must face up to his responsibilities as a good citizen first, a good reporter second. The Press is independent of government. Governments are composed of human beings, and human beings can and do commit wrongs. The press and government should not become institutional partners. They are natural adversaries with different functions, and each must respect the role of the other. Sometimes a free press can be a distinct annoyance and an embarrassment to a particular government, but that is one of the prices of liberty. A free press is responsible to its readers and to them alone. Independence is at the very heart of any statement of ethical principles respecting the conduct of the press. The proprietors of a newspaper may choose to ally it with a particular political party or interest, but an increasing number of newspapers and journals are politically independent as well as independent of government. This means not that they refrain from endorsing a certain political party or a candidate for public office, but rather that they owe no prior allegiance and that they make the endorsement voluntarily, as an exercise of their independence.
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