Has Its Charm

VOL. XXXV NO.1 JANUARY. 1987 NEW SERIES 325

TREE SNAILERS! IT'S TIME TO UNITE Has Its Charm ByRON KNIGHT LORENGAU, MANUS ISLAND, PAPUA NEW By TWILA BRATCHER GUINEA - We amateur specialists in terrestrial Unspoiled Rowley Shoals lies in the easternmost molluscs are subject to some special handicaps. Not Indian Ocean, about 180 miles west of Broome, only are we scattered around the world and fre- Western Australia. The occasionalcharter boats that visit the area have been doing so only recently, and quently isolated in the much larger body of marine foreign fishing fleets are not permitted there. shell enthusiasts, but we suffer from a seeming shor- The only important scientific work on Rowley tage of literature. Many of us have nowhere to turn Shoalswas done by groups from the Western Aus- tralian Museum in Perth. for advice, assistance and comparative material. I was a participant in a recent privately organized Professionals interested in the pulmonates have trip to the Rowley Shoals. Lynn Funkhouser, the easier access to literature, of course, but they face group leader, is an accomplished professional a more subtle handicap. That is their wide separa- underwater photographer and president of the tion from the enthusiasts in the field who tradi- Chicago Shell Club. Others were JeanetteRidley, underwater photographer from Seattle; Philip and tionally supply the scientists with the specimens, Heidrun Faulconer, underwaterphotographers from data and puzzlers that are the feed stock of the San Diego, John and Mary Poble, underwater technical literature. All of us - scientists and photographersfrom Nebraska, my sister Billee Dil- amateurs, professionals and beginners - are the worth Brown, a docent at Scripps Aquarium in La McNally's Trophies Photo: Schoenberg Jolla, and myself. losers in this arrangement. It seems to me that it is time for the land-snail Day I. SYDNEY. The nonstop flight from Los people of the world to unite! Angeles to Sydney takes about 15'h hours. We spent two hours in the Sydney International Airport, Some basic questions need to be answered. Fo. mostly in clearing Customsand Immigration, before one, how many of us are seriously interested in the transferring to the domestic terminal for another pulmonates? How widely are we scattered? What two-and-a-half-hourflight to Perth. Dan McNally tells me he continuesto have good luck diving off the northeasterncomer of Oahu and problems have we in common, and where do our When I finished the arrival formalities in Perth, I along the North Shore. Among recent goodieswas a heard myself being paged. Dr. Fred Wells and Shir- interests diverge? Could we support a regular news- 5¥4-inch tiger cowry from 30 feet in the Kuilima- letter? How many of us plan - or already have ley Slack-Smith, heads of Perth's two shell groups Kahuku stretch of coast. The difficulty is in getting [both of whom work at the Western Australian there. Heavy surf makes shore dives impractical written - papers on the land snails? Are we in a Museum] had come to take me to my hotel, where I most of the year, and the nearestsmall-boat ramp is position to share literature? checkedin about noon. miles away. I would be willing to do the ground work in My sister Billee, a last-minute participant in our Another HMS member, George Stender, reports Rowley Shoals expedition, couldn't book on my finding a specimenof Mitra turgida Reeve under a setting up some sort of a mutual-interest group. flight. She left Los Angeles about an hour-and-a- coral head on rubble in only two feet of water at Being in such an isolated (although snail-rich) area, half ahead of me, but arrived at our hotel in Perth Fort KamehamehaReef, late in October. Although nearly II hours later. however, I would not be in a position to run an the species is known throughout the Indo-West organization after it is set up. Ideally, a group of Pacific from East Africa to Polynesia, it is ex- Day 2. PERTH. The free Red Clipper bus that tremely rare in Hawaii, where it is usually found in enthusiasts living in one community would serve as circles the Perth business district took us to the beach drift, according to Kay's Hawaiian Marine officers, but the club rules would have to be worked Western Australian Museum of Natural History, Shells. out by all interested in the project. where we met the staff and looked over the Terebra Stender also found what he describes as a collection. They gave us a list of the shells collected "giant" live Conus nussatella Linne on gravel in Any Hawaiian Malacological Society members (or on their own Rowley Shoals expedition. Many were eight feet of water on the same reef earlier in Oc- interested nonmembers) who wish to participate in new records for Western Australian shores. We plan tober. I don't have the actual measurement.The this effort are invited to write me at P. O. Box 108 to see if we can add any species. speciesis rather rare in Hawaii. Perhapsa dozen are Lorengau, Manus, Papua New Guinea. reportedin a year. Day 3: We visited the Art Museum and toured * * * Give me your ideas. In return, I will keep every- Perth. After lunch, a member of one of the shell one informed of developments. clubs arrived with a Cypraea marginata in exchange Not exactly a new find, two specimens of for shells we had taken to the club meeting last Mikadotrochus beyrichii (Hilgendolt) were collected I do ask each of you to enclose US$5 with your night. The rest of our group arrived in Perth just in last year in approximately 115 meters of water in letter, to help defray the inevitable cost of postage. SagamiBay, Japan.The pair were among more than Later, Dr. Wells drove us to a joint meeting of 13 live specimensobserved from the Japanesesub- Naturally, I will be fully accountable for its expen- the Western Australia Shell Club and the Mala- mersible Shinkai 2000 on a sandy bottom among diture. cological Society of Australia, Western Division. I rocks in a rapid current, says a report by Y. Kanie, showedour program on the Red Sea and Egypt and A. Sugiura and K. Egawa in Venus. Since M. * * * identified Terebra for someof the members. beyrichii is sensitiveto light, they concludethat it is Hawaiian Shell News will be happy to receive and pub- (Cont'd on Page 9) not a bathyal inhabitant as was previously believed. lish regular reportson this project. Page 2 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS January, 1987

~ a«I;aUaIeS Ieett ~4 ISSN 0017-8624 Veteran membersof the Hawaiian Malacological November (1986) AMU News. The work covers all Editor Emeritus E. R. CROSS published North American terrestrial and aquatic Editors STUARTLILLICO. Society were pleasantlysurprised by the recent news OR. TOM BURCH that a rare and costly volume, Banks' Florilegium, molluscs found out to a depth of 200 meters off- AssociateEditors ELMERLEEHMAN, OLIVE SCHOENBERG had been acquired by the University of Hawaii Li- shore. ScienceAdvisor OR. E. ALISONKAY brary as a memorial to JessicaRea, Society Presi- A grant from the Shell Oil Co. to the American Science Consultant W. O. CERNOHORSKY Editorial Staff LYMANHI GA. JIM ROHRBACH. dent in the early 1960s. By happy chance, it was Fisheries Society will cover publication costs. Both WALTERSAGE, OOROTHY WENOT the two millionth volume accessionedby the library. hardbound and softbound editions are expected to be Editorial Assistants GEORGECAMPBELL, BUNNIECOOK, OR. CARLCHRISTENSEN Mrs. Rea came to Hawaii in 1930 to teach at the available in a few months. Proceeds, after distribu- CorrespondingEditors MARGEBRADNER, DONALD DAN, School for the Deaf and Blind, and later in Hono- tion costs are met, are to be shared by the American FR. AL LOPEZS.J., HENKK MIENIS,PETER van PEL. lulu public schools. Possessinga great interest in Fisheries Society and the AMU. AURORARICHAROS. THORA WHITEHEAD Index Editor RAY McKINSEY Other sections of a national "common names" biology, she became active in botany and malacol- Back Issues Manager BUNNIECOOK ogy, and eventually was a trustee of Hawaii's Lyon list are being prepared by groups involved in de- HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY Arboretum Association. Her son, Charles Pedric capod Crustacea, coelenterates, amphipods, brya- (Founded in 1941) Rea, who made the presentationof the book, is a zoans, echinoderms and aquatic insects. P.o Box 10391 Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 graduate of the University of Hawaii. He was re- Dr. Donna D. Turgeon, U.S. National Fisheries President WESLEYTHORSSON Vice President STUARTLILLICO sponsible for establishment of the Jessica Rea Service (F/MI2) Washington, D.C. 20235, has full Treasurer BARBARAKUEMPER Memorial Library Fund in the University of Hawaii information on the subject. RecordingSec'y RAYMcKINSEY Foundation,which bought the new work. Acting Corr. Sec'y .. DOROTHYWENDT Banks' FIorilegium consistsof 738 botanical en- Office Manager HELYNTOBEN Have You Ever Been Stung? gravings recording the plants collected by Joseph Directors Dr. Alan J. Kohn, professor of zoology at the Banks and Daniel Carl Solander on Captain James GEORGECOOK JIM ROHRBACH University of Washington in Seattle and former INGABORGSHIELOS Cook's first round-the-world voyage of exploration OLIVESCHOENBERG president of the American Malacological Union, is Honorary Directors from 1768 to mi. The actual engravings were widely recognized for his expertise in cones. In E. R. CROSS DONAlD DAN BRUCECARLSON made by Sydney Parkinson. The work is being pub- addition to his many other duties, he is compiling The Society currently meets the first Wednesday of each lished for the first time. Production started in 1980 month in Honolulu. information on Conus stings of people. The last list VISITORS WELCOME! and will be completedin 1988. was compiled nearly 25 years ago. Hawaiian Shell News is issued free to members of the The SmithsonianInstitution describedthe publica- Society. Postage rates have been computed and added to This came to HSN's notice when Dr. Kohn wrote tion project as "the most ambitious, large-scalefine membership dues Individual copies of any issue may be "Recent Finds" editor Lyman Higa, seekingdetails obtained. free of charge, by qualified individuals for bona fide arts printing venture of modem or any other time." research projects. of a Mrs. Hiller who received a Conus imperialis Members outside the United States are asked to pay with a The Hawaii set is number 49 of a limited edition of sting in 1967. Did Higa know Mrs. Hiller's pres- bank cheque (not a draft) payable to HMS on a U.S. bank. 100 copies. There are said to be only about 15 sets (Be sure your name and address appear on the cheque.) ent whereabouts or how her arm feels 20 years in the entire United States. HMS DUES FOR 1987 later? The answer, unfortunately for science,is no. Includes delivery of HSN -US. Zip Code Addresses (Handled as bulk mail, Don Hemmes Honored Just in case anyone else has been zapped by a not forwardable to new address) $17.50. Dr. Don Hemme-s,chairman of the natural sci- -Canada and Mexico (First Class mail) 22.00. cone in the past 25 years and hasn't had it reported -All Other Countries 24.00. ence division of the College of Arts and Sciencesat in HSN, Dr. Kohn sent several questionnaireforms OPTIONAL DELIVERY OF HSN the University of Hawaii in Hilo and a frequent to fill out. Ask Lyman Higa for a copy. BY AIR MAIL (Dues included) contributor to Hawaiian SheDNews, has been cho- -U.S. Zip Code Addresses 22.00. sen by the Mycological Society of America to re- -Bahamas, Bermuda, Caribbean Islands, Central Shellfishing Conference America, Columbia & Venezuela 28.00. ceive its 1986 W.H. Weston Award for Teaching Hofstra University at Hempstead, Long Island, -Europe (except USSR, Latvia, L~huania, & ExceDence. The award was made at the August Estonia), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, NY, is hosting an international conference on the Egypt, Malta, and South America (except meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sci- problems and possible solutions of coastal resource Colombia & Venezuela) 30.50. -Africa (except North Africa), Australia, New encesin Massachusetts. managementin shellfishing. The dates are 19, 20 Zealand, Asia, USSR, Estonia, Latvia, Hemmes, who joined the Hilo faculty in 1973 Lithuania, Israel, Middle East, Indian Ocean and 21 August, 1987. The conference title is and Pacific Ocean Islands lacking US Zip after completing postdoctoral work in Switzerland "Shellfishing and Coastal Management: A Global Codes 3350. and at the University of California at Riverside, has .$1 rebate if received by 15 December 1986 Perspective." -ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP (For family received two previous awards for excellence in Participation has been invited from all disciplin- members; HMS card but no HSN) 100 teaching. One was from the UH Regents and the Articles of interest to shell collectors are solic~ed Con- ary, industrial and governmental perspectives. Pa- tents are not copyrighted. Republication, with credit to HSN, other from the AssociatedStudents of the University pers "emphasizing closer cooperation [among] is invited. The opinions expressed in signed articles in Hawaiian of Hawaii. scientists, corporations and commercial fishermen" Shell News are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent policies of the Hawaiian Malacological Society. In addition to his personal interest in malacology are encouraged. - in particular, recently, the little-known micro- Advertisements are accepted at the rate of US $20.00 per Terry Baker, Associate Dean, School of Educa- column-inch/issue, payable in advance Discounts are of- shells found aroundthe coast of Hawaii's Big Island fered for six and twelve insertions. tion, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, is Typeselling, composition and printing of Hawaiian Shell - Dr. Hemmes teaches undergraduatecourses in the man to contact. News is done by Fisher Printing Co., Honolulu mycology, botany and microbiology. Those 'Common' Names The Council of Systematic Malacologists/Amer- The caption with the photo of the president and Back Issues ican Malacological Union Committee on Scientific vice president of the Societe Beige de Malacologie The Hawaiian Malacological Society maintains a modest stock of back issues of Hawaiian SheD and Vernacular Names of Molluscs has completed (HSN Nov. 1986, page 5) misspelled the name of News. Copies of most issues back to 1960 are its final review and revisions of a national mollus- the president. It should be R. Duchamps.We regret available although some are in xerox form. Write can "Common Names List," according to the the error. the Back Issue Managerfor information.

~ January, 1987 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page 3

By DOROTHY E. BEETLE. FORT COLLINS, CO. - Adult and juvenile specimensof Oreohelix subrudis (Reeve) were collected in October, 1984, from an inactive geyser cone above Union Pass Road, 9.7 miles west of Dubois, Fremont County, Wyoming. The geyser no longer erupts, but a cool water spring still flows from the cone, which has crumbled away on one side. The cone is approximately 16 feet in diameter and eight feet high. The interior has a thick cover of plants. The cone is ringed by aspen within the setting of a spruce forest. The ground surroundingthe cone is covered with Oreohelix, both living and dead shells. vate, regardlessof the humidity level. Their diamet- required to attain a diameter of 20 mm. How often Twelve adult Oreohelix subrudis were caged to- ers were measuredwith vernier calipers at approx- an individual can reproduce is uncertain, but it ap- gether in a 12x7x5-inchtranslucent plastic container imately two-month intervals to avoid extra handling peared that the captive Oreohelix died after produc- in October 1984. They were fed lettuce, aspen and of the fragile shells. Data on developmentof whorls ing young in captivity. willow leaves, rabbit pellets, cucumbers and cash is shown in table 2. The graph (right) shows the register tapes. A decided preferencewas shown for Grateful acknowledgement is made to Dr. Shi- increase in diameter during the two years of the Kuei Wu and Nancy Brandauer who reviewed this rabbit pellets, cucumbers and cash register tapes. study. note. I am indebted to Richard E. Pillmore, my Lime was supplied as chalk powder, limestone or No seasonality was observed in growth. During husband, for preparation of the graph. egg shells. their first year of captivity the growth rate was Mating was observedat intervals and live young slow. That winter and spring - from November 7, were born between January and June, 1985 (see 1984, to June 23, 1985 - the diametersof indivi- table I). dual snails increasedonly 0.3 to 1.2 mm. Through- The young were left in the container with the out the summer of 1985 and during their second adults. Within four to six weeks following birth, year of captivity, most of the snails added to shell however, each group of young died. Nematode in- diameter steadily. An exception was snail No.1, fection may have been the cause of some deaths. which from November 7, 1984 to August 18, 1986 Within a week or two following each birth one increasedonly 0.4 mm in diameter. A suddenspurt adult, presumably the parent, died. There were in slightly more than two months increased its seven deaths of adults until only five were left. It diameter to 9.0 mm, a gain of 1.4 mm by October seemsthat the captive Oreohelix died after produc- 27,1986. ing young. It is possiblethat growth in the wild would reflect The remaining five adults continuedan alternating a seasonality dependentupon climatic factors and pattern of aestivation and activity. The experiment availability of food. The slow growth of the captive was terminatedon July 15, 1986, after more than a snails in the first year may indicate adaptationto a year in which the snails failed to produceyoung. restricted environment and isolation in the petri dis- Eight juvenile specimensof Oreohelix subrudis, hes. After acclimation, growth proceeded steadily collected at the sametime as the adults, were raised under uniform conditions. in petri dishes separately. Measurementsstarted on In the wild the averageshell diameter of O. sub- November 7, 1984, and terminated on October 27, rudis is about 20 mm, although colonies of very 1986. The Oreohelix were offered food and lime as Reproduction and Growth Rates in Oreohelix Sub- large shells collected elsewherein Wyoming reached indicated above. At intervals the snails would aesti- rudis (Reeve) 25 to 27 mm. The number of whorls varies from 5 *2631Shadow Court, Ft. Collins,CO 80525 to 5314.It is likely that a minimum of three years is HMS ANNUAL PARTY Nearly 50 members of the Hawaiian Malacologi- cal Society turned out for the annual dinner and shell-gift exchange at the Elks Clubhouse in Waikiki on 3 December. Guests-from-farthest-away were Bill and Trudi Ernst, who left Honolulu for the V.S. East Coast in mid-1986 and now plan to return for good when their contract expires. There was a minimum of formality about the evening. Aside from a great deal of talk of the old days, and an excellent dinner, the program feature was a slide presentation by Wes Thorsson and Ray McKinsey on how not to prepare for and carry out a shell-dredging operation (like don't launch the boat, truck first). A new feature was two hours of "golden oldies" piano music. ~ , Page 4 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS January, 1987

Speaking of Books: A WHEEL AND AFOOT IN COSTA RICA LIVING FOSSILS. Ed. by Niles Eldredge and ~ 'cT~!' J "... Steven M. Stanley, 1984. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 291 pages,text figures and tables. $45. ,}: . Reviewed By BEATRICE L. BURCH

Eldredge and Stanley's new volume, Living Fos- sils, is the secondin a seriesof CaseBooks in Earth Sciences,the first being Tidal Deposits. The case book fonnat is more familiar in law and medicine than in biology, This method is used here success- fully to study individual speciesby examining pat- terns and processesof macroevolution in paleontology. Living fossils as discussedin this book are animals that exist today essentiallyas when they origi- nated millions of years ago. Seven chapters in this thought-provokingbook are devoted to Mollusca. In

Monoplacophora is Neopilina. Gastropoda have -- Neomphalus, Neritopsis, Pleurotomaria and several Brother Eduardo in his Shell Room Photo: Richords Cerithiid species - Campanile, Diastoma My advice on travel in Central America: Don't melanioides and Gourmya gourmyi. Bivalvia has By AURORA RICHARDS SAN JOSE - Costa Rica was one of my stop- drive acrossthe mountains during the rainy season Neotrigonia and Cephalopodahas the Nautilus. overs in a recent world tour. My only contact in the unlessyou are in a mood for adventures. country was Dr. Hubert Matthes, HMS member and If you want to see and talk shells, I recommend Living fossils are examplesof arrestedevolution. occasional contributor to Hawaiian SheD News, the La Salle Museum in the southwesternsection of Most groups of animals started or stopped millions whom I had met in Kenya 10 years ago. Dr. San Jose. It houses a bounty of collections of all of years ago. Slow evolutionary rates which lasted Matthes now runs an experimental plantation on the kinds, the results of a lifetime of efforts by Pacific Coast near Quepos on behalf of some UN Spanish-bornBrother Eduardo FernandezBarcena, a for millions of years with little or no change are man overflowing with energy and enthusiasm. A agency. describedfor 34 animal groups. Why did these par- My effort to get in touch with him involved much professorof mathematicsat the La Salle Institution, ticular speciesof animals not evolve further? travel up green hills and down lush dales in wet he is one of the most dedicatedand versatile natu- August weather. My rented car finally bogged down ralists I have ever met. It was the aim of the editors for authors of each and I ended the journey being pulled by a team of Brother Eduardo welcomes visitors to his vast collections of minerals, fossils, insects, butterflies section to present theories to explain the "living plough horses, in pelting rain. and crustaceans.Halls are filled with mountedspec- fossils" of today. Brief accountsare given of 3;fii- Our eventual arrival in Quepos surely will be imens of reptiles, birds, mammals and marine crea- remembered by future generations. With the help of mals that have changed little over the millions of tures. Brother Eduardo is a taxidermist in addition the Quepos postmaster, I finally located the Matthes years since the fossil speciesoriginated. Examples to his other skills! home. Mrs. Matthes proved to be deficient in both When I entered his office, he was setting up the of these living fossils are found in 34 chapters on English and Spanish, and I had to resurrect my cleaned skeleton of a bird sent to him after it had mammals,reptiles, fish, arthropods,bryozoans, cor- Swahili vocabulary to learn that Dr. Matthes was on died in the zoo. His desk was piled high with fresh a survey trip to Africa! als and mollusks. shells awaiting classification and storage. My mud-stained adventure turned out to be an After looking over the museum's collection of Morphology, anatomy, fossil and geologically enriching experience - for me, at least - thanks to pre-Columbian carvings and artifacts, I moved to the generous hospitality of the warm-hearted Costa recent variation and diversity, ecology, geographic the "Shell Room" where several thousand speci- Ricans. When it became known that I collect shells, mens, mainly of Caribbean and Panamic species, distribution, phylogeneticrelationships and pertinent the local fishermen hastened to offer me a crop are on display. Each has been documented with literature are given for each subject. The bibliog- caught in recent nettings. loving care. raphic references in each case history alone will My return to San Jose was not without its own Brother Eduardo confessedthat, when he started, he had everything to learn. Today, he is extremely expand the reader's thinking. This is a stimulating series of events. Crossing a rain-swollen river, the car's engine was flooded and I was again stalled in well informed about the molluscanlife of the Atlan- book to give or own. the middle of nowhere. More local hospitality was tic and Pacific shoresof his adoptedhomeland. lavished on me after I appealed for help from a I congratulatedhim on his achievement. wedding party on a coffee plantation high in the "There is still so much to be done," he re- The Olive Family green mountains of central Costa Rica. sponded."I will never have time to grow old." MIAMI - A long-awaited and much-needed book by Dr. Edward Petuch and D.M. Sargeant, Atlas of the Living Olive Shells of the World, is now in print. It surpassesall previous treatmentsof the genus Oliva, one of the most beautiful and popular of all shell genera. The book includes over 300 species, subspecies and color forms, describedand illustrated on beautiful color plates. A new systematicsis established, recognizing 19 subgenera- 10 described for the first time. Maps outline the range of all species. The price is $68.50 plus $2.50 for postage and handling. The book is being offered by the Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale,FL 33303. The GreaterMiami Shell Club's Mollusk January, 1987 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 5

A CRITICAL LOOK CLENCH'S TREATMENT

By DANKER L. N. VINK* Hwass were published in 1798 under supervision of types of Conus cedonulli curassaviensis. They in- PORT SUDAN - A modern author who recog- Lamarck. Nevertheless there is no doubt that the correctly stated that Hwass cited four references nizes a population of mollusks as a new species will names in Bruguiere's Encyclopedie must be attri- from the literature. They assumedthat the Tableau select a single specimen from among those to be buted to Hwass; Bruguiere himself warns the reader figure of C. cedonulli curassaviensisrepresented a used in his description of the new species, and that the definition and divisions of the genus and the specimenof C. cedonulli insularis from St. Lucia deposit this specimen, the so-called holotype, in an Latin phrases of species and variations belong to becauseless than 30 rows of punctuatedlines were institution easily accessible to other workers for Hwass, and that his own work only consisted of shown (indeed, about 23 can be distinguishedin the study and comparison. He may also deposit a indicating specific differences, making general ob- figure), but in Bruguiere's description of the same number of paratypes in the same or other institutions, servations, adding the synonymy of the species and shell mention is made of thirty-four (trente,quatre) e.g., to show the variability of the species, but the finally providing their description. rows. identity of the species rests entirely upon the Concerning the description Bruguiere states: "The Designation by Coomanset al. of the shell fig- holotype. This is clearly demonstrated in cases specimen which I have before me belongs to Mr. Hwass, ured by Argenville as lectotype of C. cedonulli where a certain population is described as new, but and 1 state once and for all that everything relating to curassaviensis was not necessaryand may well be where a specimen of another already existing spe- length and breadth of shells in this genus has been invalid as the referencewas not cited by Hwass, but cies is put aside as holotype. In this case the new measured exactly on those of his cabinet, that these added by Bruguiere. Fortunately no harm was done name is considered a junior synonym of the name of measurements are only comparative, and that they as Argenville's shell and the shell figured in the the existing species, and the population described as do not indicate in any manner the maximum size Tableau Encyclopedique must both be identified new does not yet have a proper name. that these shells may attain." We can thus state that with the same populationof cones from Aruba. The The situation is quite different in older literature. Bruguiere described the shells which actually were figures (Coomans et al. 1985a: fig. 575 and 576) In some cases there is even no evidence that the present in the Hwass' collection and which in most are strikingly similar. author examined specimens of the species he de- cases are the same as illustrated on the plates in the Coomans et al., when discussing C. curassa- scribed. In the case of Gmelin, for instance, who Tableau Encyclopedique, A number of these spec- viensis, at least first looked at the Tableau figure, introduced a large number of species names, it is imens have been rediscovered and are present in the but if we study Clench's treatment of the Hwass nearly certain that no type specimens ever existed Museum d 'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. It is interest- species in Johnsonia 1(6), 1942, it is remarkable and that Gmelin's studies were restricted entirely to ing to note that the references to other works, the that no mention at all was made of the Tableau published information. Besides a short diagnosis in synonymy, was added by Bruguiere. After treatment Encyclopedique. Only later (in Johnsonia 4(48) Latin, figures from literature were cited, and the of "cone cooonulli" he stated himself that more 1970) was the Tableau mentionedand the existence identity of the species often can be based only on references could have been cited with figures and of the lectotype of C. aurantius reported. Clench's these figures. Sometimes these represented a number phrases of "cone cooonulli" but that he was unable identifications in 1942 rested entirely upon the ref- of different species! In such cases comparison of the erences later added by Bruguiere. New "type fig- to assign these to any of the "varietes" mentioned. ures" were selectedeven though illustrations of the diagnosis with the various figures is necessary to try "1 have thought it more useful not to mention at all to find out what species Gmelin intended to denote these doubtful synonyms than by citing these di- Hwass specimensexisted with detailed description by his species name. The figure thought to represent minish the confidence which are worth those which by Bruguiere (Table I). It is as if he was unawareof the best of all Gmelin's species is designated as 1 (i.e., Bruguiere) report." the existenceof the Tableau, and - although ear- lectotype, which serves as a peg upon which the Against the above background it seems to me that lier I cited Clench's "type figure" in the caseofC. new name can be hung permanently. for identification of Hwass' species one should first daucus (Vink, 1984-b:19)- I am now of the opin- After these two extremes - the modern author investigate whether a specimen of the species re- ion that his' 'type figures" of Hwass' species with his well defined holotype and the earlier com- sembling the Tableau figure presently is available should be ignored. Those who claim that Clench's piler with only a number of cited figures - let us in the Hwass collection. If no Hwass specimens are action must stand according to the rules and not- look at Hwass, the famous conchologist, whose col- known, the Tableau figure plus Bruguiere's exten- withstanding the above arguments'should realize lection was richer in Conus than any other in sive description should be used for identification. If that, in fact, the term' 'type figure" has no meaning Europe (Mermod, 1947; Kohn, 1968). Hwass in- one takes into account the importance attached to in zoological nomenclature. tended to publish a systematic catalogue of his en- the holotype in modern species determination, it is After Clench (1942), Kohn (1968) also discussed tire collection with information on his new species evident that the figures cited in the synonymy, the speciesnamed by Hwass, but unfortunately his and with illustrating plates. He permitted Bruguiere which were added by Bruguiere (most probably treatment of Clench's "type figures" was not con- to use his initial set-up in the Encyclopedie independently of Hwass) have only very limited sistent. In the case of C. ranunculus, where the Methodique published in 1792; Hwass' work itself value. Vink & Cosel (1985-b) based their determina- Hwass collection turned out to contain the holotype, never appeared. The plates engraved by order of tion of Hwass' species on the Tableau figure and he made the observationthat the speciesappeared to Bruguiere's description. Coomans et al. (1985-a), be basedon a single specimen,the extant holotype, however, when discussing curassaviensis took the and hence Clench's designationof a "type figure," 'Port Sudan Refinery Ud., p, O. Box 354, Port Sudan, view that the illustrated specimen plus the four spec- i.e. representativeof lectotype, was no longer valid. Republic of the Sudan. imens from the svnonvmv must be considered svn- In the case of C. cardinali.. however. where al.o Page 6 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS January. 1987 the holotype was rediscovered. no mention was made of Clench's "type figure." In the case of C. columba. Kohn mentioned that establishment of the lectotype by Clench aided little in identification of the nominal species. but that this action must stand. In the case of C. I'errucosus, on the other hand, the Tableau figure was selected representative of the lectotype of C, I'errucosus and Clench's .'type figure" was completely ignored. Nevertheless, whatever Kohn's position in the past. in discussing the matter with Coomans et al. he now disagrees with the designation of "type figures" (Coomans et al. 1985b: 145). Let us now see what confusion has been brought - - - about: cies is too quickly relegated. Much more work must occurring in the Bahamas.This population may be I. Conus coll/mba be done to disentanglethe species. Meanwhile, like conspecific with a population from the Virgin Is- No harm was done. Bruguiere obviously referred Kohn (1968), I will base the identity of C. ver- lands recognizedas C, speciosissimus,but is quite to Gaultieri rightly. Both Clench's "type figure" rucosus solely on the Tableau figure and distinct from a population of bright red cones found and the Tableau figure show specimens of the same at Jamaica and Haiti and identified as C, incon- Conus population occurring in the southern and Bruguiere's description. 5. Conus dom;n;canus sIGns, eastern Caribbean, related to C. puncticullltus. On basis of the Tableau figure and Bruguiere's Again Coomans et al. (1983) following Clench description, Vink & Cosel (1985-b) identified the carne to a different identity of C. cardinlllis, They 2. Conus ranunculus nominal speciesC. dom;n;canus with a subspecies reproduced the' 'type figure" after Martini According to Kohn (1968), Clench's selection of of C. cedonutli occurring in the Grenadine Islands (Coomanset al., 1983: fig. 356). which can indeed a "type figure" is no longer valid now that the and on Grenada. However, Clench's "type figure," be recognizedas C. inconstans and showedJamaica holotype has been found. The holotype turns out to Chemnitz (1788: PI. I44A, fig. L), reproduced by and Haiti as known localities of C. cordinlllis, They be a beach worn shell of an Indo-Pacific species, C. Coomanset al. (1985b: fig. 648) could well repre- rejected Clench's type locality, Tonola Id., Virgin achtltinus. Clench & Bullock (1970) acknowledge sent C. mappa mappa from Trinidad and Tobago, Islands, and stated that his specimen(Clench, 1942: that the name C. ranunculus is unavailable for the and indeed the specimen pictured by Clench (1942: PI. 4, fig. I) was not conspecific with C. cardinalis Atlantic species. PI. 4, fig. 4) which was originally obtained by and belonged to the species complex of C. magel- 3. Conus MUCUS Governor Rawson must be recognizedas C. mappa. lanicus. Again no harm was done. Both the Tableau fig- A similar specimenof C. mappa from the Tobago In my opinion Clench's specimenis C. speciosis- ures and Clench's "type figure" refer to the' 'carrot population is presentin the British Museum, Natural simus, morphologically close to C. cordinlllis, and cone." Kohn (1968) found that none of the Tableau History (BMNH (no. 1964477) ex coil. Rawson). quite distinct from C. mageUanicus. figures bore a close resemblance to typical shells of Here is a clear example where Clench's' 'type fig- Summarizingthe above I would conclude as fol- C. MUCUS. Coomans et al. (I 985b) rightly pointed ure" caused confusion. Indeed Coomans et al. lows: out that Hwass showed various forms of the species. (1985b) who follow Clench have come to a different I) Clench (1942) selected "type figures" from Variability in C, MUCUS was shown recently by identity of C. dom;n;canus. These authors stated cited literature for all the Hwass species he dealt Vink (1984b). but Hwass already had recognized that they traced the Chemnitz specimen in the with, without mention at all of the figures in the this cone as a polymorphic species. Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, and they based Tableau Encyclopedique. the identity of C. dom;n;canus on that specimen. I 2) In most cases the' 'type figures" chosen do 4. Conus I'errucosus agree that this cone must be identified with C. not have the advantageof higher diagnostic value Here Clench's reference to the figure in Martini, curassav;ensis ex Aruba, which would make C. when comparedto those in the Tableau. of little diagnostic value. was bound to create still dom;nicanus a synonym of C. curassaviens;s. 3) Whereasthe specimensdescribed by Bruguiere greater confusion about the ill-defined C. jaspideus However the specimenfigured by Chemnitz was not and figured in the Tableau are from Hwass' collec- group. to which any small. inconspicuous, drab spe- noticed earlier by Cernohorsky (1974) who studied tion, the cited references were added later by the type specimens in Copenhagen.It is not im- Bruguiere, apparentlyindependently from Hwass. mediately obvious to me that the Aruban specimen 4) The term "type figure" has no meaning in REFERENCES: is the same shell as shown in Chemnitz' figure zoological nomenclature. Bruguiere. J-G, 1792. ElK:yckJpedieMethodique. H& (Coomans et al., 1985b: fig. 649 and 648). All 5) For the above reasonsClench's "type figures" toin NatunUe des WI'S, 1:586-757. these considerations,however, are of no imponance of Hwass' speciesmust be ignored. Cernohorsky. W.O., 1974 Type specimensof Mollusca if Clench's "type figure" is ignored. 6) DisregardingClench's "type figures'. will not in the University Zoological Museum, Copenhagen,Re.:. Aockland lost. MIM, 11:143-192. 6. Conus cardinalis lead to confusion or name changes in the case of Subsequentto Clench's selection of a "type fig- such well known nominal species as C. columba Clench. W J. 1942. The genus COIII/S in the western ure" the holotype of C. cardillalis was found in the Atlantic Johnsonia 1(6): 1-40. and C. daucus. Clench. W J. & Bullock. R. C.. 1970. The genus Hwass collection (Kohn, 1968:446). One might 7) In the case of three nominal species,C. car- COII.S in the westernAtlantic Johnsonia 4(48): 372-379. conclude, like Kohn did in the case of C. ranun- dinlllis. C, dominicanus and C. verrucosus belong- Coomans.H. E., Moolenbeek, R G., & Wils, E., 1983. cutus. that Clench's designationof a "type figure" ing to complicated species complexes, i.e. respec- Alphabetical revision of the (sub)speciesin recent Conidae now no longer holds, but Coomans et al. (1983) tively the C. cordinalis complex. the C. cedonuUi 6. cabritii to einereus.~eria 47:67-143. Coomans.HE., Moolenbeek,R. G. & Wils. E., 1985a considered Clench's earlier designation of a lecto- complex and the C. jaspideus group, at least one Alphabetical revision of the (sub.speciesin recent Conidae type valid. On basis of the holotype, Vink (1984a) unnecessaryobstacle will have been eliminated for 7. cingulatus 10 cylindraceus. including Conus shikamai identified C. cardinalis with a population of Conus finally reachinga consensusas to their identity. nomennovum. Basterla 48:223-311 Coomans. H. E., Moolenbeek. R. G. & Wils. E., I 985b. Alphabetical revision of the (sub)speciesin recent Conidae8. dactylus to dux. Basteria 49: 145-196. Kohn. A. J. 1968. Type specimensand identity of the described speciesof Conus IV The species described by Hwass, Bruguiere and Olivi in 1792. J. Linn. SoI:. (zool.) 47:431-503. Mermod, G., 1974. Catalogue des Types et des exemplaires do Cones. figures ou decrils par Hwass, Bruguiere, Lamarck, de ~ssen. Kiener el Chenu. se Irouv- anI au Museede Geneve. Revue sui- Zoo!., 54:155-217. Vink. D. L. N.. 1984a. The COII.S t:ardillalis complex. ConchigJla 15(180-181):21-25.28. Vink. D LN.. I 984b. The Conidae of Western Allan- tic. Pan I. ConchiaJla 16(186-187):18-22 Vink, D. L. N & von Cosel, R., 1985a ~ complexe "cedonulli" (rappon inlermediaire) Xenophora 25:11-14. Vink. D. L. N. & von Cosel. R. I 985b. The Conus cedonulli complex Historical review. taxonomy and biological observation.Revue su- ZooI. 92:525-603. January, 1987 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page 7

By J. C. CAILLmZ* lack of an acid-secretinggland (which the cassids LAUSANNE - Long prized by collectors for find so useful in dining off Echinodenns),are other their beauty, but actually left largely unstudied in differences noted by Hughes. Just what the Morum recent years, the Family Harpidaefaces a revolution do eat is not statedin the literature. in 1987. New researchsuggests that the 25 or more The question arises whether these differences speciesof the genus Morum ROding, 1798 should should be recognizedby erecting a new family or by be taken out of the Family Cassidae, the helmet creating a new genus in the existing Neogastropods. shells, and placed in the Family Harpidae. Study of the Morum foot with its protopodiurn for If and when the transfer is recognized, the Har- digging and metapodium for motion, the existence pidae will include the present II speciesof Harpa, of a long siphon, and the Morum's ability to drop four speciesof Austroharpa and two dozen or so part of its foot as an escapemechanism convinced Morum species.The consequenceis a substantially Hughes the Morum should be placed with the Har- more impressiveHarpidae. pidae. Some excellent figures of the Morum shells are A full taxonomic review is reported to be under way. *75, avenuede Mategnin, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland. Cail- There is additional news of the Harpidae com- liez is vice president of the Societe Internationale de plex. The family name faces change. J.G.M. Raven Conchyliologiein Lausanne. has published a paper, "Homonymy in the Families HSN has never figured Harpa kajiyamai Rehder, Harpidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 and Harpidae says Jean-Claude Cailliez who sent this photo to Bronn, 1849," in the Bulletin of Zoology Nomen- clature indicating that the name Harpidae was pre- correct the oversight. The shell on the left measures empted by Hawle & Corda for a fossil trilobite two 58.1mm, that on the right, 43.5mm. years before Bronn used the name for the present included in Abbott & Dance's Compendium o. harps. Seashellsand in an article, "Les Morum," by Yves A more appropriatename for the family would be Demanueleand S. Pras in Mappa for April 1978. Harpaidae Bronn, 1849, Raven feels. If accepted, Text of the latter is in French - something of a the family would include the present generaHarpa ROding,Austroharpa Finley and Morum ROding. challenge! Roger N. Hughes, malacologistat the College of It may be significant that no sinistral (' 'left- North Wales (U.K.), is the "originator" of this handed") Harpa specimens have ever been re- reclassification, which is offered on the basis of a ported. comparisonof dissectedCassis andMarum animals. Looking back, we realize that conchologistsare His paper, "Anatomy of the foregut of Marum losing a nice, quiet, homogenousfamily with the Roding, 1798 . . . and the Taxonomic misplacement transfonnation of the Harpidae. Do I detect an of the Genus," appeared in The Veliger in July amusedgleam in the eye of the mollusc? 1986. The anterior position of the large salivary glands (rather than in the proboscis), the lack of jaws, the THE FAMOUS SPECIALIZED microscopic radulae armed with only one tricuspid tooth (instead of the previously assumedseven) are COWRIES COLLECTION among the reasonscited by Hughes for moving the genusMarum from the MesogastropodSuperfamily OF THE BARONESS L M. NAVARRA Tonnaceato the Neogastropods,the Recent super- family that includes the cones, olives, Murex, vol- utes and other popular collectibles. will be sold by a mail auction sale. The Marum species'quickness of movementand their Cataloguewill be publishedin colour on issues No. 12 and 13 of an exceptional numberof 50 pagesin colourcontaining:

FOR SALE - Worldwide collection of Cypraea appraisedin excessof $13,000. Will accept$5,000. Pleasecall (609) 822-0640. * * * HMS members, use HSN Personal Ads. Special cowries catalogue, special Three dollars per 25 words, plus name and Mediterranean art, several in edited address. One time only! Dealers please use works,one monographand much more. diplay ads.

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Annual Subscription 1987 (min. pages216), surf. $30; air $42 1985 (pages188 col.) surf. $39; air $42 1986 (pages216 col.) surf. $30; air $42 GEMME del MARE, P. O. BOX 561 (00187) ROMA (ITALY) Page 8 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS January, 1987

PHILIPPINE TREE SNAILS: Patronize HSN Advertisers Never Too Small to Be Beautiful

Merv Cooper's HOME OF THE ZOILA GROUP PERTH SHELL DISTRIBUTORS P o. Box 186, Mt Hawthorn, 6016 West Australia - Tel. 328-5168 List #12 available. Send $1.00 for list. Showrooms 157 Bowfort St. Perth, W Aust Also sell Murex, Voluta,Hal/lotus, Conus, etc

By JAMES BARNETT periphery. From Iloilo, Panay, Visayas. Average, SPECIMEN SHELLS BAGUIO - Land snails from mountainous 21 mm. DECORATIVE SHELLS northern Luzon Island include both the largest and 5. C. sirena guimarensis Pilsbry, 1891. Pale yel- Worldwide, Wholesale, Retail. Buy, Sell. the smallestfound in the Philippines (see "From the low on top and near-whiteon bottom, without band- Price lists US $1 Requests accepted Philippines - Big and Beautiful," HSN October ing, and with well-rounded periphery. From 1986). As noted in my last report, both are from the GuimarasIsland, south of Panay.Average, 20 rnm. FRANZ SEFCSI K samesubfamily - the Helicostylinae. 6. C. thersites Broderip, 1841. Light brown with P. O. Box 59, 1091 Vienna, Austria dark brown banding, sharply carinated. The oval Phone (222) 3727024 Membersof the GenusChlorea Albers, 1850, the apertureis very long. The largestand most uniquely smallestamong the 10 genera in the Helicostylinae, shapedChlorea of the Philippine complex. From are scatteredthroughout Luzon and, to a lesser de- Mindoro. Average, 26 rnm. gree, in some of the Visayan Islands of the Central 7. C. caerulea Mollendorff, 1888. Entire shell is Philippines. a dirty white, and sharply carinated. From Morong, Size ranges from about 14 to 27 mm. Shells are BataanPeninsula, Central Luzon. Average, 21 mm. generally small, depressed-globose, with a high 8. C. bifasciata hugeli Pfeiffer, 1848. Pale yel- gloss and without hydrophanousperiostraca. Ground low with light brown banding, and well rounded color is usually white or yellow. Banding, where periphery. From Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Central Lu- present, is brown. Whorls usually number four or zon. Average,-10mm. five. Contours of the final whorl range from sharply carinatedto well-rounded. I Figured above are eight species in my personal collection. I. Chlorea hanleyi Pfeiffer, 1845. Off-white with near-black banding, and sharply carinated. From IIocos Sur, Northern Luzon. Average, 20 mm. 2. C. constricta Pfeiffer, 1845. White with red- brown apex and at edge of outer lip. Sharply carinated. From Mindoro. Average, 21 mm. 3. C. hennigiana Mollendorff, -1898. White with traces of yellow scattered throughout shell, and well-rounded periphery. From Tuguegarao, Cagayan,Northern Luzon. Average, 17 mm. 4. C. sirena Pfeiffer, 1842. Deep yellow with dark brown banding on top, and well-rounded January, 1987 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page 9

ROWLEY SHOALS (Cont'd from Page 1) The unifonn of the day for both men and women SHELLS FOR SALE seems to be khaki shorts and tee-shirts. Day 5. MERMAID ATOLL. Jodi Anne, a 72-foot motor sailer built in 1981, is the nicest, most beau- LEONARD c. HILL tiful dive boat on which I have ever cruised. One 6713 S.W. 113th Place stateroom even has a queen-size bed and sofa. One Miami, Florida 33173 of the "heads" has a bath tub. Meals are gounnet level. We sailed from Broome about 4 p.m. yesterday FREE LISTS! Specialties- Cones,Murex & Miters and arrived at this northernmost of the Rowley Sho- als group, about 9 this morning. At low tide, the rim of the atoll reef is visible. DARYL E. FOOTE We had a good first dive, just looking around. P. O. Box 86424 The bottom is beautiful. A big potato cod followed North Vancouver, B.C. me for at least five minutes, staying just out of my Canada V7L 4K6 reach. Billee found a Thyca crystalina (Gould, Worldwide Specimen Shells 1846) on a blue Linkia sea star and a Vanikoro cancellata (Lamarck, 1822). Neither had been col- Free List lected at Rowley Shoals by the W.A. Museum group. For dinner we had beef wellington and cauli- flower with cheese sauce and carrots and brussels sprouts and white burgandy. Mary, Jeanette and I abstained in favor of a night dive. On the bottom, my weight belt came undone. In trying to refasten it while holding my flashlight, I cut my thumb quite deeply. Back on deck, there was no one to suture it. Knowing that I am not going to stay out of the ocean, we decided to - For Quality and Service - administer a series of penicillin to avoid infection.* THOMAS HONKER Day 6: I took my camera down today with my SpecimenShells 15 mrn lens to photograph some fish working a 25 NE 10lh 51.,P. O. Box 1011 cleaning station. I realized I needed a different lens Delray Beach, FL 33444 time for a gounnet dinner. We must be up at 4:30 305-276-9658 tomorrow morning to catch the plane for Broome for that, so I just watched as one fish after another BUY - SELL - TRADE FREE LIST some 1700 kilometers to the north. moved in to be cleaned by the little wrasse. Day 4. BROOME. Although we arrived at 9:35 Day 7: On our morning dive, collected some a.m., we couldn't sail for the Rowley Shoals until shells and. some "grunge" for the museum at 60 to the tide comes in. [HMS member] Kerry Sharpeleft 65 feet. TOM SHEPHERD a messagewith the Captain of the Jodi Anne, our Mid-afternoon we had a visit by people from a expedition boat, for me, so we visited her shell and small yacht whose skipper earlier had radioed us for Dealer in Marine Specimen pearl shop. She had successfullyraised Murex bed- directions to get through the channel into the Mer- Shells. Buy Sell Exchange nalli in her home aquarium, taking photos of the maid Atoll lagoon where we have been spending the 2222 Beech Street entire process. She lent me the slides which I will nights. Delivering the yacht from Perth to Cairns, Virginia Beach, Va. 23451 examinewhile aboardJodi Anne. Northern Queensland [about in the class with sailing

--- Kerry also had a letter to me from a Perth shell from Corpus Christi, TX to Buenos Aires], they club member who had been in Broome recently. It decided they deserved a day off to visit Rowley WEST COAST CURIO CO. contained some excellent specimensof a new Has- Shoals. 1940 Maple Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif. 92627 tula sp. I am getting ready to describeand name. We sat around talking until it was too dark to see "13 miles south of Disneyland". Longest estab- We had time for a little tour of Broome while their yacht. John, our skipper, told them he could waiting for the tide to rise. Broome formerly was a direct them home when the stars come out. In the lished shell dealer in the U.S.A. More than 3,000 big pearling center and is still very much like a *Tbe penicillin worked. No infection, but my hand did not species stocked regularly. No lists - No mail or- rootin' tootin' frontier town of the American Old heal until I began keeping it out of the water - after the der. Buy or browse - you're always welcome! West. Most cars have sturdy "kangaroo bumpers." trip was over. COME IN AND SEE US Page 10 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS January, 1987

into the lagoon. With my anus outstretched,I felt like an eagle soaring. A great feeling! When the current slackened,we had our choice of swimming back to Jodi Anne or signalling to the Zodiac to come and pick us up. Seafood crepes for dinner tonight, with apple strudel and whipped cream for dessert. Day 12: This morning we had a "cod feed." The cook for Jodi Anne had saved all fish heads, tails and scrapsfrom the table. That, along with bits of meat, was taken down in plastic trash bags. Two potato cod - the largest would have weighed 150 pounds - approachedus for the feast. They accepted food from our hands and allowed themselves to be stroked as they swim past. Two somewhat smaller Maori wrasse hung around, evidently wanting the food but wary of the cod. Even after the scraps were gone., the cod -~ stayed very close to us, checking each of us to be Photos:Bratcher sure we had no more food. This strange echinodenn was found in Clerke La- We saw pteropods swimming at several different goon. It still has not been identified. depths. In late afternoon, when the low tide makes the reef visible, Billee and I went snorkeling. As we namesto the list of speciescollected on the earlier were swimming back to Jodi Anne, Bruce met us in WAM expedition. We also left 16 lots of uniden- the Zodiac with a cup of tea for each. We sat on tified gastropodsfor the staff to figure out, add to partially exposed coral heads to drink them. Such the list, and mail to us later. luxury! When we finished, Bruce took our cups and we continuedour swim back to the boat. * * * A barbequewas set up on deck for T -bone steaks. Three months after our return to the United States,the strangesea urchin remainsunidentified. Jodi Anne, the Rowley Shoals expedition's yacht, Cherriesjubilee for dessert. This is a gourmet dive trip. Among the lots of shells left with the W AM for lies at anchor in the calm water of Mennaid Atoll. identification, seven speciesproved to be new rec- Day 13. CLERKEATOLL. After a final dive outside the Mermaid Atoll reef, we sailed to Clerke ords for Western Australia and some apparently are new to Australia. They include: Cypraea ursellus meantime,dinner was ready - lobster with mayon- Atoll, just over the southern horizon. Here the naise and caviar, huge prawns, crab in the shell, beach is always visible, even at high tide. The Gmelin, C. beckii Gaskoin, C. childreni Gray, fried scallops, fried shrimps, French fries, water- underwater scenery differs from that of Mermaid Mitra assimilis Pease,Vexillum coronatum (Helbl- melon cubed with chopped onion and herbs. Mar- Atoll but is equally beautiful. ing), Colubraria muricata (Humphrey) and Bursa velous! Billee found a most unusual sea urchin, char- lamarcki (Deshayes). treuse with bright peach-color mushroom-shaped Day 8: This morning, the wind was up and the "caps" on each spine (right). None of us has ever water too rough to permit diving outside the reef. So we stayedin the lagoon today. We can see in the seen anything like it before. We photographedit distance that the little yacht is trapped there, too. both underwaterand on deck, and Billiee preserved it in alcohol for the Scripps Institute of Oceano- The situation is not too bad for us. The lagoon is. 35 to 50 feet deep, with beautiful scenery and good graphy in California. shells. Although the surface is rough, the water is Day 14. BROOME. Overnighting at Clerke Atoll, calm underneath- except in the entrancechannel. we made two dives before heading eastward to This is an unspoiled place. The Tridacna are the Broome after nine days of marvelousdiving. largest I have ever seen, several specimensreaching As our plane for Perth did not leave until 7 p.m. 5~ to 6 feet in length. They make no effort to close we decided to visit a local bird park started and their valves when I touched their shells. Fish are operatedby a British nobleman. It has all but two of beautiful and unusual, too. Today I saw a Australia's many speciesof cockatoos and parrots. dragonetteand a leaf fish. One of the missing pair cannot live in Broome's Chinese food for dinner tonight. Australian wine climate; the other is almost impossibleto secure.All is good. It is servedeach evening to those not going are as colorful as the tropical fish we have been night diving. seeing. While we were walking around the park, a big grey crane came up to me and put his beak in Day 9: The wind is still up, so we and the little my handbag.I don't know what he was looking for; yacht remain in the protection of the lagoon. Today I haven't any fish. we dived in the lagoon's entrancechannel, a place Winding up the wait for our plane, we had a beer the skipper calls Fairyland. We can do it only at in one of Broome's loud and friendly saloons. slack tide. The water is not quite as clear as it Day 15. PERTH. We had just time to visit the would be if there were no wind. Western Australian Museum again and add 14 I did some dredging at about 15 meters with my new hand scoopwith good results. Day 10: Still in the lagoon. There are schoolsof greenparrot fish and Moorish idols. On a night dive, my flashlight picked up what looked like a rather large sea urchin moving across a stretch of sand. I could see the shadow of the spines against the light sand. Closer, I could see that it was a large tiger cowry, plowing across the sand, its mantle completely exposed. All the tiger cowries here seem to have completely white back- grounds. This one measureda little over four inches - large for a specimenoutside Hawaii. Day II: The weather has cleared somewhatand we made a drift dive. Jodi Anne's Zodiac took us to the lagoon entrance.We droppedinto the water with our scuba gear and just let the current take us back January, 1987 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page II

NEWS OF NEW SPECIES grimaldii, 6 mm. Sticteulima lata, 2.6 rnrn. Fus- capex major, 6.5 rnrn. Fuscapex talismani, 5 mm. Fuscapex cabiochi, 3.7 mm. Fuscapex micro- A Heavy Rush costellatta, 2.8 mm. Bathyeulima thurstoni, 4.4 mm. Haliella canarica, 2.2 mm. Halielloides Of Muricids ingolfiana, 2.9 mm (new genus). Halielloides fragilis, 2.7 rnrn. Rectilabrum lanceolatum,5 mm. By WALTER SAGE Ophiolamia (?) fragilissima, 2.3 mm. Malanella Typhis (Typhina) jardinreinensis Espinosa, 1985 obtusoapicata, 4 mm (new name). Melanella tur- (Poeyana 300: 2-5) was described from a single rita, 6.1 mm. Melanella reticulata, 5 mm. specimen taken off Camaguey, Cuba in 8 meters. Melanella densicostata, 5.2 mm. Melanella glypta, Espinosa compared it to the Florida fossil, T. 4.1 mm. Melanella similior, 3.2 mm. Melanella siphonifer Dall, 1915. Two other muricids, Orania turbonilloides, 2.3 mm. Melanella gagei, 3.2 mm. alexanderi Houart, 1985 and Typhis (Typhis) wellsi Melanella insculpta, 3.3 mm. Melanella micros- Houart, 1985 (Journal of the Malacological Soci- culpta, 3.2 mm. Melanella planisutis, 3 mm. ety of Australia 7 (1-2): 89-93), were described Melanella (?) myriotrochi, 2.8 mm. Crinolamia from Sri Lanka and WesternAustralia, respectively. angustispira, 2.5 mm in height. Crinophtheiros Houart also named eight new species of Muri- Bouchet and Waren, (new genus). cidae from the southwesternIndian Ocean (Venus Curveulima marshalli, 4.4 mm. Curveulima ob- 44 (3): 159-171, 1985) - Chicoreus (Chicoreus) liquistoma, 4.1 rnrn. Curveulima eschara, 4.2 mm. cloveri, Chicoreus (Chicoreus) crosnieri, Ptery- Bathycrinicola micrapex, 4.2 mm (new genus). notus (Pterynotus) guillei, Poirieria (Pazinotus) Bathycrinicola macrapex, 4 mm. Bathycrinicola brevisplendoris,Poirieria (Flexopteron) primanova, media, 3.4 mm. Fusceulima thalassae, 1.8 mm. Aspella thomassini, Murexsul reunionensis, and Fusceulima projectilabrum, 1.8 mm. Fuseulima Siphonochelus (Siphonochelus) stillacandidus. ingolfiana, 2.4 rnrn. Pelseneeria striata, 1.3 mm. Also named by Houart (Mar. Res. Indonesia 24: Favartia leonae Hololype Photo: Mulliner Eulitoma josephinae, 3.6 rnrn. Eulitoma obtusius- 83-87, 1984) was Nipponotrophon makassarensis, cula, 2.5 mm. Eulitoma arcus, 6.2 mm. from Indonesianwaters. omon and Philippine Islands - Favartia robertsoni The following new specieswere assignedto the In a year notable for new members of the and Favartia trivaricosa; and by Vokes and Houart Family Epitoniidae: Muricidae, the following have been describedat the (Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 19 Eccliseogyra monnioti, 4 mm in height. time of writing (Sept. 1986): by Houart (Mem. (1-2):63-89) from Curacaoand Senegal,respectively Eccliseogyra sericea, 26 mm. Eccliseogyra ex- Mus. natn. Hist. nat., ser. A, Zool. 428-455) from - Muricopsis (Risomurex) withrowi and Muricop- quisita, 6.9 mm. Papuliscala tavianii, 3.7 mm. New Caledonia and the Philippines - Poirieria sis (Risomurex) seminolensis. Papuliscala cerithielloides, 3.6 mm. Epitonium (Paziella) vaubanensis, Poirieria (Paziella) In Bollettino Malacologico, Supplement2, 1986. pseudonanum, 2.2 mm. Epitonium dendrophylliae, acerapex, Poirieria (Paziella) spinacutus, Trophon P. Bouchet and Waren, continuing their revision of 5.6 mm. Cylindriscala thalassae, 16 mm. Cylin- (Trophonopsis) minirotundus, Nipponotrophon re- the northeasternAtlantic bathyal and abyssal Gas- driscala aurantia, 19.2 rnrn. Periapta Bouchet and gina, Typhis (Typhina) virginiae, and Siphono- tropoda, have described the following as new spe- Waren (new genus). Alpra retifera, 3.8 rnrn. Gre- chelus (Laevityphis) tillierae; by D' Attilio and cies. Except as noted, all are in the Melanellidae. gorioiscala exfoliata, 15.9 mm. Opalia fortunata, Myers (The Nautilus 100 (2): 78-84) from the Sol- Eulima incolor, 6.6 mm in height. Eulima 3 mm.

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THE VERY HIGHEST QUALITY SPECIMENS AT THE VERY BEST OF PRICES LARGEST SELECTION IN THE COUNTRY OF UNCOMMON TO EXTREMELY RARE SPECIES ALWAYS IN STOCK.

Illustrated monthly lists on request. Species we have handled recently: Conus exce/sus,hirasei world record, /ohri, pergrandis,Cypraea bernardi, fu/toni, haddnightae,iutsui, /eucodon,/isetae, midwayensis, Latiaxis teramachii,Morum macdona/di,teramachii, Murex anoma/iae, pe/edi,o/iverae, concavopterus, Pha/ium adcocki, sinuosum, Va/uta beaui, knoxi, /utea, pesca/ia,and many many more. Send want list for that hard-to-get rarity.

P.O. BOX 3010 BUY -SELL-TRADE SANTA BARBARA, CA 93130 (80S) 963-3228 Page 12 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS January, 1987 EF By MIKE HART* CAPE TOWN - Saxon Reef is a large reef complex near Arniston, close to the southernmost tip of South Africa (top, right). After several at- tempts over the past few years, we finally got our act together recently and had several successful dives on the reef. Conditions were ideal. A mild northerly wind blew throughout the weekend, flat- tening out the swell. The sea was turquoise and crystal clear. Once in the water we found that the topography of the reef varied quite considerablyfrom flat, bar- ren, relatively lifeless areasto the more typical Cape West Coast type with gullies, small drop-offs and abundanthard and soft corals. The variety and number of reef fish amazeeven the most hardened spearfisherman.This is almost certainly due, in part, to the lack of commercial fishing in the area but also due to the rather unpre- dictable surface swell. Huge 'blinders' appear from seemingly nowhere, break and disappear without trace. Large red stumpnose, Chrysoblephus gib- biceps, were ever in attendanceas were a host of smaller reef fish. The rather common Santer-Cheimerius nufar would dart in under the boulders we lifted to re- trieve some morsel of food before the slab could be returned. Sharkswere also quite common, usually the small Vaalhaai or liveroil shark, Galeorhinus gale us, measuring4 to 5 feet. However, about 100 meters up the reef, a weekend fisherman boated a rather aggressive 2.5 meter (7-foot) hammerheadshark, Sphyrna 7,ygaena,while we were in the water on one of our dives. Needlessto say, we took more cognizanceof our surroundingson subsequentdives. We did not encounterany related problems. The shellsfrom the reef were few but interesting enough to prompt this short account. We found one speciesof cowry and three speciesof cones. CypraeafuscodentataGray, 1825 The shell here is dwarfed by its False Bay coun- terpart (center) and it is far more difficult to find. It does not live in associationwith black sponge,Lis- sooendoryxternatensis, as it does in False Bay (in the lee of the Cape of Good Hope). Even the imma- ture shells which in False Bay are invariably in close proximity to the sponge, on Saxon Reef were found under boulders and coral blocks far from sponge. The black sponge does occur on the reef but possibly not in such great abundanceas in False Bay. In False Bay, three basic mantle forms - black, the most common; orange and, rarely, salmon pink with or without white flecks or papillae - are found. The mantle of the Saxon Reef C. fuscoden- lata is totally different. Here the mantle is a con- stant rather drab, dirty orange brown with or without papillae. Conus tinianus Hwass, 1792 Both the purple-brown and the red-white color forms were present (bottom, right). This probably represents the shell's most westerly distribution. Theseshells apparentlyhave not been found west of Struis Bay, a few kilometers west of Amiston. The animalswere red, regardlessof the shell color. Conus algoensisscitulus Reeve, 1849 A single shell was found, probably representing Photos: Ced Robertson the most easterly range of C. a. scitulus. Well Conus mozambicusmozambicus Hwass, 1792 parva, several Fissurellidae species, Turritella rolled beach specimenshave been found as far east This also occurred on the reef. We found only the carinifera, Cymatium doliarium, and Chlamys as Jeffreys Bay. (C. a. scitulus is found together dark fonns with no evidence of the albino fonn linctus. with C. a. algulhasi intertidally in the Struis Bay- which is relatively common at nearby Cape Despite all the frustrations of the past, Saxon Cape Agulhas region.) Agulhas. All the animals appeared black or dark Reef was well worth the revisit. I am sure, in the brown. not-too-distantfuture, we will be thereagain, wea- *7 MontrealAve., Mobray7700, Cape Town, R.S.A. Other shells found on the reef included Haliotis ther permitting.