DOCSLIB.ORG

50371-001: Municipal Waste to Energy Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
50371-001: Municipal Waste to Energy Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (ESIA) – Part 2 Project Number: 50371-001 October 2019 VIE: Municipal Waste-to-Energy Project Prepared by China Everbright International Limited The environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the project sponsor. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of or any territory or area. CHAPTER 5: MEASURES FOR PREVENTING AND REDUCING NEGATIVE IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT 5.1. Measures for Preventing Negative Impacts of the Project 5.1.1. Measures for Preventing and Reducing Negative Impacts of the Project in Preparation Phase The project preparation stage takes place in a short time. Activities during this period were mainly cleared, and prepared for construction. However, there is also biomass but in small amounts. Mitigation measures during this period: - For machines such as lawn mowers, ground leveling machines, which must be tested before being put into operation. At the same time, maintenance and change of viscosity should be done to limit the generation of dust and hazardous waste into the environment. - For soil during the process of leveling, the aggregate will be concentrated in the shed, covered with roof, and will be utilized along with the amount of soil excavated during the construction process to level up the hollow areas. The amount of soil and rock will be contracted with the transport function out of the construction area in accordance with regulations. - For material gathering activities: Arrange the convenient gathering area in the process of construction, raw materials are arranged at the end of the wind direction, away from the campsite of the workers, with the roof to Limit the impact of wind and rain. Raw materials are used for 2-3 days, avoiding the concentration of large amount of materials waiting to be built to limit the impact on the environment. 5.1.2. Measures for Preventing and Reducing Negative Impacts of the Project in Construction Phase Appropriate organisation of construction solutions Based on the ground and construction items of the project "Can Tho solid waste treatment plant (daily waste)", the construction of the investor will comply with the following solutions: - Notification of project implementation process, project items, scale, progress, source of capital for local people and authorities of Truong Xuan commune. - Choosing suitable construction time, limiting the construction of works related to digging embankments during rainy and flood season will cause the phenomenon of rain water overflowing with wastes during construction affect the quality of surface water. Around the project area; Page 233 - The construction contractor will manage and organize the construction of the project. The Contractor is under the supervision of the Owner in the environmental protection process of the construction process. The General Manager of the Project Management Unit will be responsible for environmental protection; - The arrangement of transportation of raw materials and machinery in service of construction shall be carried out during off-peak hours, ensuring labor safety and traffic safety; - Equipping construction signs at the construction sites and boundaries of the project area (on the access road to the project area) for warning; - To protect the cultural works and beliefs of the people in the area, to limit the influence of the people; - On the construction site, the construction units shall comply with the regulations on labor hygiene and safety and electric safety; - The construction units perform shielding against dust and materials falling from heights; environmental hygiene during the process of construction and finishing works. - When constructing pile foundations for construction works, the construction units shall consider the selection of construction equipment and appropriate construction methods to avoid vibration, smoke, dust, noise and influence on other works. Management of pollution sources during construction - Establishment of the environmental management team of the project: The environmental management team consists of environmental experts and environmental technicians of the project, responsible for monitoring the state of the environment, identifying urgent issues and propose solutions for waste management. - Management of information on equipment and construction vehicles: management of fuel efficiency. Equipment that does not meet the standards allows for downtime or for maintenance, repair or upgrades. - Waste management: waste generated during construction includes soil, rock, crushed iron, unqualified concrete,etc. will be collected and reused in concreting and leveling into necessary areas. - Waste water management: Waste water is collected through equipment, systems and pre- treated. Do not discharge untreated wastewater into receiving waters. - Construction of environmental sanitation regulations for construction workers at the construction site; Regulations for dump of daily-life waste, organizing suitable camps to facilitate the collection and ensuring environmental sanitation for workers and the surrounding areas. Measures to clear the site after finishing construction - Requests bidders within 30 days after the completion of the construction must transfer all materials, excess components, construction waste to the prescribed place of the city, moving machinery and equipment in service of construction. Off site works. - The construction unit owner has issued regulations prohibiting the dumping of waste to clear the premises to neighboring areas. Page 234 Mitigation measures to air environment In this phase, to minimise the negative impacts on the air environment, the following measures are applied: Dust minimisation measures - Installing corrugated fence, 2-2.5m high to minimise dust spread to the environment and affect the people around the area. - Vehicles transporting raw materials must not be overloaded, to prevent shattering of material causing the release of dust into the environment. - The material in the project area is covered with limited wind to emit dust into the environment. - Arranging suitable transportation time, avoid transportation during peak hours. - Performing water spraying to dampen the construction site and transport route, strictly adhering to the time requirements to ensure humidity to limit dust release. - Frequency of watering: one time a day. Use a specialized vehicle with a capacity of 4.5m3. - Generally, in this area roads have been asphalted and paved, vehicles transporting materials are shielded so the amount of dust generated is limited. - Equipped with labor protection equipment for staff working directly. - When constructing high floors, cover the shields with grids to limit the dust, the construction materials spread out. Mesh construction: Inside is a mesh of synthetic fibers, PVC-coated outside. Sunshining protection content: UV 2%. Mesh size: ~ 2m x 100m, 3m x 100m. Figure 5.1 Work Shielding Measures Page 235 Assessment of feasibility: measures easy to apply, high processing efficiency. Emission reduction measures - Requiring that vehicles, means, machinery and equipment meet the conditions of environmental technical safety issued by the Vietnam Registry, operators must have driving licenses, training certificates prescribed; implement traffic safety measures when driving vehicles on the road. - Ensuring the speed of transportation when joining traffic. - Coordination of trucks and construction machines is rational, not concentrated, and at the same time to limit emissions to too large emissions in the same time and same 01 position. However, the density of construction vehicles depends on the layout of the building. - Prioritizing the material supply in Thi Lai district and some neighboring areas to reduce transportation distances and reduce raw material preservation in order to minimize dust and waste generation as well. Reduce the risk of problems. - Periodical inspection and maintenance of means of transport and construction equipment. - Encouraging contractors to build environmentally-friendly energy-saving GHG emissions reduction. - Using the right fuel for engine design - Not exceeding the prescribed tonnenage; - Providing personal safety equipment for workers such as hats, masks, workwear, etc. - Organizing wheel washing when entering and leaving the site to minimize dust generation. - Minimise emissions from backup generators: - Considering and use low sulfur fuels; - Periodic maintenance of generators. Minimise bad stench arising from workers' living waste: - Waste containers are tightly closed to avoid the spread of smell; - Regular cleaning and cleaning of garbage rooms; - Waste will be leased to daily transport collectors, not stored. - Propagate to raise awareness of people to keep living environment hygiene. - Assess the feasibility: the investor actively apply, the ability to perform high. Mitigation measures against impacts on water environment Project activities affect the water environment during this period due to the operation of bulldozers, material vehicles, household waste
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Urban Poverty in Vietnam – a View from Complementary Assessments
    INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS WORKING PAPER SERIES POVERTY REDUCTION IN URBAN AREAS – 40 Urban pov erty in V iet nam – a vi ew from com plementary asses sments by HOANG XUAN THANH, with TRUONG TUAN ANH and DINH THI THU PHUONG OCTOBER 2013 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS GROUP Urban poverty in Vietnam – a view from complementary assessments Hoang Xuan Thanh, with Truong Tuan Anh and Dinh Thi Thu Phuong October 2013 i ABOUT THE AUTHORS Hoang Xuan Thanh, Senior Researcher, Ageless Consultants, Vietnam [email protected] Truong Tuan Anh, Researcher, Ageless Consultants, Vietnam [email protected] Dinh Thi Thu Phuong, Researcher, Ageless Consultants, Vietnam [email protected] Acknowledgements: This working paper has been funded entirely by UK aid from the UK Government. Its conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views of the UK Government. © IIED 2013 Human Settlements Group International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 80-86 Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8NH, UK Tel: 44 20 3463 7399 Fax: 44 20 3514 9055 ISBN: 978-1-84369-959-0 This paper can be downloaded free of charge from http://pubs.iied.org/10633IIED.html Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here do not represent the views of any organisations that have provided institutional, organisational or financial support for the preparation of this paper. ii Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Planned Relocationsinthe Mekong Delta: Asuccessful Model Forclimate
    June 2015 PLANNED RELOCATIONS IN THE MEKONG DELTA: A SUCCESSFUL MODEL FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, A CAUTIONARY TALE, OR BOTH? AUTHORED BY: Jane M. Chun Planned Relocations in the Mekong Delta Page ii The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings research are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Support for this publication was generously provided by The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment. 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 www.brookings.edu © 2015 Brookings Institution Front Cover Photograph: A Vietnamese woman receiving fresh water after the floods in the Mekong Delta (EU/ECHO, March, 6, 2012). Planned Relocations in the Mekong Delta Page iii THE AUTHOR Jane M. Chun holds a PhD from the University of Oxford, where her research focused on the intersection of environmental change and stress, vulnerability, livelihoods and assets, and human mobility. She also holds an MA in international peace and conflict resolution from American University, and an MM and BA in classical music. Dr Chun has conducted research for a range of organizations on related topics, and has also worked as a humanitarian and development practitioner with agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, and IOM.
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement and Ethnic Minority Development Plan
    RESETTLEMENT AND ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Final May 2017 PPTA 8671–VIE: SECONDARY CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (GREEN CITY) Subproject in Ha Giang City Secondary City Development Project II (Green City) Draft Resettlement & Ethnic Development Plan for Ha Giang City CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 27 March 2017,) Currency unit – Vietnam Dong VND 1.00 = $ 22,300 $1.00 = VND 0.000045 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AH - Affected Household AP - Affected Person CLFD - Center for Land Fund & Development CPC - City Peoples’ Committee CMG - Community Monitoring Group DMS - Detailed Measurement Survey GAP - Gender Action Plan GCAP - Green City Action Plan EMC - External Monitor consultant FS - Feasibility Study GOV - Government of Vietnam HGCPPC - Ha Giang Provincial People’s Committee IOL - Inventory of Losses MOLISA - Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Assistance NUP - National Urban Plan PIB - Public Information Booklet PMU - Project Management Unit RC - Resettlement Committee REMDP - Resettlement & Ethnic Minority Development Plan RCS - Replacement Cost Survey RF - Resettlement Framework RP - Resettlement Plan SES - Socio-economic Survey VND - Vietnamese dong WPC - Ward People’s Committee ii Secondary City Development Project II (Green City) Draft Resettlement & Ethnic Development Plan for Ha Giang City DEFINITION OF TERMS Compensation – This is payment given in cash or in kind to affected persons (APs) at replacement cost or at current market value for assets and income sources acquired or adversely affected by the project. Cut-off date – Is the date when the Ha Giang City’s People’s Committee and the Project Management Unit (PMU) officially inform the public about the Project and its locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Access Survey Vietnam
    Information Access Survey: Vietnam Item Type monograph Authors Felsing, M.; Nguyen, S.H. Publisher Support to Regional Aquatic Resources Management (STREAM) Download date 24/09/2021 20:54:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/20207 INFORMATION ACCESS SURVEY VIETNAM DECEMBER 2003 Malene Felsing and Nguyen Song Ha This work was commissioned by the STREAM Regional Office, Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Bangkok, Thailand. Reference: Felsing M and Nguyen, S H (2003) Information Access Survey: Vietnam. Published by STREAM/NACA. 46 pp. ISBN 974-91887-6-4 CONTENTS Boxes and Table iii Acknowledgements iv Acronyms vi Executive Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Overview of Vietnamese Society in relation to communication 1 1.1.1 Politics and State 1 1.1.2 Education and Literacy 2 1.1.3 Religion 2 1.1.4 Ethnic Groups and Languages 2 1.1.5 Customs 3 2. Communications Media 4 2.1 Radio 4 2.1.1 Public Address Systems 4 2.1.2 Use of Radio in Extension 5 2.2 Television 6 2.2.1 Use of Television in Extension 7 2.3 Telecommunications 7 2.4 Printed Media 7 2.4.1 Use of Printed Media in Extension 8 2.5 Performing Arts and Mobile Cinema 9 2.5.1 Use of Performing Arts in Extension 9 2.6 Literature 10 2.7 Personal Communication 10 3. Information Exchange within the Fisheries Sector 11 3.1 State Fisheries Sector 11 3.1.1 Within the State Sector 11 3.1.2 Between the State Sector and Other Stakeholders 11 3.1.3 Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension by the State Sector 12 3.2 Vietnamese NGOs and Mass Organizations 14 3.2.1 Vietnamese NGOs
    [Show full text]
  • Da Nang Children and Adolescents Situation Analysis Report
    DA NANG PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN DA NANG A RIGHTS-BASED AND EQUITY-FOCUSED ANALYSIS NOVEMBER 2020 SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN DA NANG A RIGHTS-BASED AND EQUITY-FOCUSED ANALYSIS 4 SUMMARY REPORT OF THE SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN DA NANG BUILDING A CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY IN DA NANG In 2019, Da Nang became the second city in Viet Nam to officially join the Child Friendly City Initiative (CFCI) following Ho Chi Minh City, with support from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). A Child Friendly City is a community in which the voices, needs, priorities and rights of children are an integral part of public policies, programmes and decisions1. Within the CFCI, Da Nang aspires to better implement the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as Viet Nam’s Law on Children (2016), and turn them into tangible, meaningful and measurable results. To be fully recognized as a CFCI, Da Nang will undergo a rigorous assessment. The Situation Analysis of Children and Adolescents in Da Nang is the city’s first step in such a journey and applies a rights-based approach to analyze the key progress, trends and gaps on child rights using the latest data. A key objective of the Situation Analysis is to support an evidence-based approach to development of the city’s Socio-Economic Development Plan 2021-2025, City Programme of Action on Children 2021-2030 linked with city urban planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Viet Nam Situation Analysis
    Viet Nam Situation Analysis Andrew Benedict Wyatt, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thanh, Tang Phuong Gian INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE The designation of This publication has been Analysis. Hanoi, Vietnam: geographical entities in this made possible in part by the IUCN. 95 pp. publication, and the generous support of The presentation of the material, European Union. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1598-8 do not imply the expression of Cover Photo: Vinh Trach any opinion whatsoever on Published by: IUCN, Gland, Dong Commune, Bac Lieu the part of IUCN or the Switzerland, Bangkok, Province by Tang Phuong European Union, concerning Thailand and Hanoi, Vietnam. Gian, IUCN Vietnam the legal status of any Copyright: © 2013 country, territory, or area, or International Union for Layout by: Nguyen Thuy Anh of its authorities, or Conservation of Nature and and Le Thi Thanh Thuy concerning the delimitation of Natural Resources its frontiers or boundaries. Produced by: IUCN Vietnam Reproduction of this Country Office The views expressed in this publication for educational or publication do not necessarily Funded by: The European other non-commercial reflect those of IUCN or the Union purposes is authorized European Union. without written permission Available from: This report is the project from the copyright holder team’s findings in 2012 under provided the source is fully IUCN the project entitled “Building acknowledged. Viet Nam Country Office 1st floor, 2A Building, Van Resilience to Climate Change Reproduction of this Phuc Diplomatic Compound Impacts- Coastal Southeast publication for resale or other 298 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh District Asia”, implemented by IUCN. Hanoi city, Viet Nam commercial purposes is No warranty as to the IPO Box 60 prohibited without prior written accuracy or completeness of Tel: +844-37261575/6 permission of the copyright this information is given and Fax: +844-37261561 holder.
    [Show full text]
  • 40255-043: Can Tho City Income Restoration Program
    Income Restoration Program February 2015 VIE: Central Mekong Delta Connectivity Project Can Tho City Prepared by Ministry of Transport, Cuu Long Corporation for Investment, Development and Project Management of Infrastructure for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in April 2013 available on http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/central-mekong-delta-connectivity-project-income- restoration-program-can-tho-city-rp. NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This final detailed income restoration program is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Some information have been removed as they fall within exceptions to disclosure specified in paragraph 97(x) of ADB’s Public Communications Policy (2011). MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Cuu Long Corporation for Investment, Development and Project Management of Infrastructure (Cuulong CIPM) Central Mekong Delta Region Connectivity Project (CMDCP) Detailed Design, Procurement and Implementation Support Services TA 7822-VIE Contract No.: 720A/CIPM-HDKT FINAL
    [Show full text]
  • Can Tho, Vietnam: Enhancing Urban Resilience
    CAN THO, VIETNAM Enhancing Urban Resilience JUNE 2014 Note to the Reader an Tho is a dynamically growing Ccity that faces multiple threats to achieving its development goals— seasonal flooding, sea-level rise, potential land subsidence, and rapid THE RESILIENT CITIES PROGRAM was launched by the World Bank urbanization. In June 2014, Can Tho Group in December 2013 to help cities strengthen their ability to invited a team of specialists from prepare for and adapt to changing conditions, and to withstand and the World Bank Group to implement recover rapidly from disruptions related to climate change, natural the CityStrength Diagnostic in close disasters, and other shocks and stresses. The Program serves as collaboration with local officials, an umbrella for delivering the analysis, rationale, and support local technical staff, and stakeholders. The governments need to make resilience part of their urban management objective of this publication is to share agendas. the findings of the Diagnostic and the priority actions and investments THE CITYSTRENGTH DIAGNOSTIC was developed as a means of agreed with local leaders. engaging with cities on the complex issue of resilience by using a holistic approach to identifying priority actions and investments to Designed to be accessible to a broad audience, this publication presents the most relevant and strengthen urban systems. Designed to be implemented by sectoral actionable information that emerged from the diagnostic process. Although the implementation specialists, the rapid diagnostic process draws upon ideas and data of CityStrength in Can Tho leveraged a substantial collection of studies, research, and plans from a multitude of existing tools. A longer-term goal of CityStrength prepared by multiple development partners, this publication does not go into detail on each.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Migration in the Upper Mekong Delta, Viet Nam: What Is the Role of Climate-Related Stressors?
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272999089 Internal migration in the Upper Mekong Delta, Viet Nam: What is the role of climate-related stressors? Article in Asia-Pacific Population Journal · December 2014 DOI: 10.18356/7b7d7273-en CITATIONS READS 7 667 3 authors, including: Kees van der Geest Thao Nguyen Cong United Nations University (UNU) Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences 66 PUBLICATIONS 926 CITATIONS 5 PUBLICATIONS 9 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: CA16233 - DRYLANDS FACING CHANGE: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD INSECURITY, POLITICAL INSTABILITY View project Gibika research to action project: Livelihood Resilience in Bangladesh View project All content following this page was uploaded by Kees van der Geest on 03 March 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Vol. 29, No. 2, December 2014 Published since 1986 by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Asia-Pacific Population Journal (APPJ) brings out high-quality, evidence-based and forward-looking articles on a wide rage of population and development issues in Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pacific Population Journal Vol. 29, No. 2 January 2015 This issue of the Asia-Pacific Population Journal contains the following articles: Lowest-low fertility in the Republic of Korea: Variations by locality, 2000-2010 By Minja Choe and Hyung-Seog Kim
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanisation and Rural Development in Vietnam's Mekong Delta
    Urbanisation and rural development in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta Revisiting livelihood transformations in three fruit-growing settlements, 2006–2015 Hoang Xuan Thanh, Dinh Thi Thu Phuong, Dang Thi Thanh Hoa, Le Dinh Lap Ageless Consultants Working Paper Urban Keywords: November 2015 urbanisation, livelihoods, Mekong Delta, rural-urban linkages About the authors Hoang Xuan Thanh, Senior Researcher, Ageless Consultants, Vietnam. Corresponding author: [email protected] Produced by IIED’s Human Settlements Group The Human Settlements Group works to reduce poverty and improve health and housing conditions in the urban centres of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It seeks to combine this with promoting good governance and more ecologically sustainable patterns of urban development and rural-urban linkages. Partner organisation IFAD invests in rural people, empowering them to reduce poverty, increase food security, improve nutrition and strengthen resilience. Since 1978, we have provided about US$16.6 billion in grants and low-interest loans to projects that have reached some 445 million people. IFAD is an international financial institution and a specialized United Nations agency based in Rome – the UN’s food and agriculture hub. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank IFAD, IIED, especially Cecilia Tacoli, and the cadres and local people at the survey sites who assisted valuably with the research. Published by IIED, November 2015 Hoang Xuan Thanh, Dinh Thi Thu Phuong, Dang Thi Thanh Hoa, Le Dinh Lap, Ageless Consultants. 2015. Urbanisation and rural development in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta: Revisiting livelihood transformations in three fruit-growing settlements, 2006–2015. IIED Working Paper. IIED, London. http://pubs.iied.org/10751IIED ISBN 978-1-78431-256-5 Printed on recycled paper with vegetable-based inks.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.2 Ethnic Minority Issues
    20801 SOCIALASSESSMENT of the Community-BasedRural Public Disclosure Authorized InfrastructureProject (CBRIP) Hanoi, March2000 Preparedby Oxfam Hong Kong consultants Oxfam Hong Kong Consultants for the Ministry of Planningand Investment and the World Bank Lead consultantand author: Natasha Pairaudeau Public Disclosure Authorized Sub-teamleader: Dau QuocAnh Researchcollaboration and contributions: Phan Lac Tuyen NguyenThi Nghia Tran Quy Suu Nguyen Van Linh Ha Thi PhuongTien Le Thi Phi Van Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Acronyms CBRIP Community-Based Rural Infrastructure Project CEMMA Committee for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas CF Community Facilitator CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CMC Commune Management Committee DPI Department of Planning and Investment GOV Government of Vietnam GP Good Practice (World Bank Policy Guidelines) ha hectare HCMC Ho Chi Minh City HERP Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction Programme IPDP Indigenous People's Development Plan MOLISA Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment NCFAW National Committee for the Advancement of Women NGO Non Governmental Organisation PMT Project Management Team PMU Project Management Unit PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SA Social Assessment UBND Uy Ban Nhan Dan (People's Committee) UNESCO United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organisation UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund VASI Vietnam Agricultural Sciences Institute VLSS Vietnam Living Standards Survey VMC Village Management/Maintenance
    [Show full text]
  • Are Cities in Vietnam Distributed According to Zipf?
    Journal of Economics and Development Studies March 2017, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-10 ISSN: 2334-2382 (Print), 2334-2390 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jeds.v5n1a1 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jeds.v5n1a1 Are Cities in Vietnam Distributed According to Zipf? Trang My Tran1& C. Barry Pfitzner2 Abstract In this paper we test for congruence with Zipf’s Law among cities, towns, and communes in Vietnam. Zipf’s Law prescribes a particular distribution of cities when ordered by population. Much of the extant literature testing for Zipf’s Law utilizes a methodology that has been shown to produce biased estimates in small samples. Here we employ the techniques recommended by Gabaix and Ibragimov (2007, 2011), and focus on 2009 census data of 156 urban areas in Vietnam. We find support for a distribution consistent with Zipf’s Law based on the full dataset, and two subsets: cities only, and cities and towns. Keywords: City populations, ordinary least squares, Pareto form, Vietnam, Zipf’s Law 1. Introduction Dating to the year 1913, Felix Auerbach, a German geographer noted a very interesting empirical regularity regarding the distribution of the population of cites in a given geographic area. Let rank (R) represent the rank of the city population (that is, for the largest city, R = 1, and for the second largest city, R = 2 …). If S equals the size of the city population, and S is normalized to 1 for the largest city, then R∙S = 1, approximately.
    [Show full text]