Django Mon Frere

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Django Mon Frere Charles Delaunay (1911-1988) fut un auteur, critique musical français, producteur et agent artistique, cofondateur du Hot Club de France. Ami intime de Django Reinhardt (1910-1953), il a recueilli les témoignages de toutes les personnes l’ayant cotoyé au cours de sa vie, confronté les dires des uns et des autres afin de pouvoir rédiger le plus exactement et précisément possible cette biographie. Charles Delaunay commence-t-il par nous présenter qui était Django, né et ayant vécu jusqu’à l’âge de vingt ans dans une roulotte. Ainsi, le lecteur pourra découvrir les conditions de sa naissance, son enfance, son éducation, sa jeunesse turbulente, l’acquisition de son premier instrument (un banjo) quand il eut douze ans et comment il aura pu, en observant les doigts de ses oncles sur les manches de leurs guitares, former ses premiers accords. " Django" en mãnouche signifie … "je réveille" !!! Pur autodidacte, il progressa à une vitesse fulgurante et son talent fut très vite reconnu parmi les siens, qu’il commença à accompagner dans les bals, dès sa treizième année. L’auteur décrit par la suite, les traits caractéristiques de la personnalité de Django devenu adulte et le définit comme un personnage versatile, timide à la fois, insouciant, joueur invétéré, généreux mais également exigeant, un être fantasque et imprévisible que Jean Cocteau prit pour modèle dans "Les enfants terribles". Charles Delaunay dépeint également les qualités du musicien et souligne le rare génie exceptionnel qu’il imprima dans son œuvre. Django ne savait ni lire, ni écrire la musique mais l’oreille absolue qui le rendait capable de repérer une simple fausse note, commise au sein d’un ensemble symphonique. Compositeur avant tout, il a complètement renouvelé les conceptions de l’accompagnement et le rôle de la guitare dans un orchestre. Je cite cette très belle phrase que contient cette biographie : "La musique était dans Django comme le suc est dans le fruit, la chaleur en puissance dans le charbon". Pascal BOULANGER - Enseignant Enfants du Voyage – Meaux 77 – (05/2014) 1/3 Charles Delaunay consacre la suite de cet ouvrage aux débuts musicaux de Django, sa carrière montante, son ascension vers la renommée internationale qu’on lui connaît, ainsi que l’épisode douloureux de l’incendie de sa roulotte, ses blessures, ses souffrances, son long et miraculeux rétablissement. Pour ses véritables débuts, Django Reinhardt fut engagé par Stéphane Mougin, l’un des meilleurs musiciens de Jazz français. Au fil des pages, on pourra revivre les différentes rencontres que fit Django avec les plus grands jazzmen de l’époque dont l’admiration qu’il portait à leur talent était tout aussi réciproque ; Joe Venuti, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillepsie, Louis Armstrong dont la musique l’atteindra jusqu’aux larmes. Django lors de ses tournées a fréquenté les plus grands hôtels, mais ce changement radical et subit n’a altéré en rien son "alma sinti", son âme mãnouche. C’est ainsi qu’il transformera les suites de palaces en véritables campements de romanichels, offrant suivant la tradition tsigane, le gite et le couvert à ses nombreux amis ou "cousins" de passage. L’auteur relate la naissance de la fructueuse collaboration entre Django Reinhardt et le célèbre violoniste Stéphane Grapelly, avec qui la connivence et symbiose musicale s’avérera à l’opposé de leurs tempéraments respectifs. Cette rencontre coïncide avec la naissance du Quintette à cordes du Hot Club de France dont le succès ascendant, amènera cette formation à se produire dans nombre de pays d’Europe, de Scandinavie. Le lecteur pourra également être transporté dans l’ambiance de ces fabuleuses jam-sessions qui eurent lieu au petit matin dans divers établissements parisiens, après la fermeture de leurs portes au public. Ces séances intimistes ont réuni les plus grands jazzmen du moment (Alix Combelle, André Aikyan, Benny Carter, Coleman Hawkins, Freddy Johnson, … Django Reinhardt). Ils jouaient pour leur propre plaisir et chaque musicien pouvait aller à exécuter jusqu’à dix chorus dans un seul et même morceau (chaque solo étant la suite logique du précédent). Pascal BOULANGER - Enseignant Enfants du Voyage – Meaux 77 – (05/2014) 2/3 Puis vint la guerre, l’exode, et après la signature de la première armistice au profit de l’Allemagne hitlérienne, le retour de Django vers un Paris sans âme ou seulement alors, le public français commencera-t-il à découvrir et apprécier le jazz. Alors qu’en 1944, à la libération de la capitale, de nombreux GI’s ont cherché à rencontrer et écouter Django, déjà très populaire outre atlantique, en raison des ventes importantes de ses disques et des enregistrements radiophoniques qui y ont été diffusés. En 1946, Duke Ellington propose à Django Reinhardt, une tournée aux USA qui, on découvrira pourquoi lors de la lecture de ce livre, s’avéra fort décevante pour ce dernier. Il revient à Paris en février 1947, le quintette à cordes du Hot Club de France est reconstitué et de nouvelles tournées en Europe sont programmées. Mais Django semble traverser une période dépressive, de doutes et abandonne sa guitare pour se consacrer à la peinture. Il finit cependant par retourner vers la musique, mais du temps s’est écoulé, les têtes ne sont plus les mêmes, les mentalités ont changé ainsi que la conception même de l’art musical. L’année 1950, voit son installation définitive à Samois sur Seine où Django coule des jours tranquilles partagé entre ses engagements le soir, le billard et la pêche pendant la journée. Mais il souffre de violents maux de tête annonciateurs d’une congestion cérébrale qui lui sera fatale. Django s’éteint à Samois dans la nuit du 15 au 16 mai 1953. Le lecteur pourra trouver nombre d’autres faits, précisions et anecdotes très souvent méconnus, sinon inconnus au sein de cet ouvrage. En guise d’hommage et de conclusion, je ne ferai que reprendre quelques passages de ce livre illustrant parfaitement qui était, Monsieur Django Reinhardt. " Dans ses improvisations, on retrouve les traits de sa nature tumultueuse ; sensibilité, habileté, force, dynamisme, concentration, grandeur et versatilité." " Ses solos sont tantôt aériens, tout de grâce et de délicatesse ou bien atteignent une puissance prodigieuse." " Il a fait pour la guitare mieux qu’aucun de ses devanciers. Sa façon de jouer ne ressemblait à celle d’aucun autre. Il peut y avoir demain d’excellents guitaristes, il n’y aura jamais un autre Reinhardt." Pascal BOULANGER – (05/2014) 3/3 .
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