DOCSLIB.ORG

Shelburne Shipyard Steamboat Graveyard: Archaeological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shelburne Shipyard Steamboat Graveyard: Archaeological SHELBURNE SHIPYARD STEAMBOAT GRAVEYARD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FOUR STEAMBOAT WRECKS A Thesis by CAROLYN KENNEDY Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Chair of Committee, Kevin J. Crisman Committee Members, Cemal Pulak Anthony Stranges Head of Department, Cynthia Werner August 2015 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2015 Carolyn Kennedy ABSTRACT Steamboats became commercially viable in the early nineteenth century, and by the 1830s were arguably the most popular form of long-distance travel around North America, especially on inland waterways like Lake Champlain. Due to this popularity, demand for faster, larger boats drove shipwrights to experiment with new designs that differed greatly from traditional ship construction. Unfortunately, steamboat plans from this period are mostly missing or incomplete, and therefore our knowledge of their changing shapes and features must be derived from archaeological data. A survey of Lake Champlain’s Shelburne Shipyard revealed the remains of four nineteenth-century steamboats. The four hulls, labeled Wrecks 1 through 4, were recorded for comparative study during a field school that took place in the month of June, 2014. Researchers from Texas A&M University and the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum spent three weeks recording the remains in order to identify the individual boats, develop preliminary site plans for each wreck, and compare the differing construction patterns. Though Wreck 1 (A.Williams) proved to be from 1870, the other three were nearly contemporaneous, all built in the 1830s. Despite their close launch dates, Wrecks 2, 3 and 4 (Winooski [1832], Burlington [1837] and Whitehall [1838]) displayed very different construction methods. This study examines the archaeological findings of the Shelburne Shipyard steamboats along with historical background information in order to illustrate how shipwrights were straying from traditional, heavy-timbered ship designs to make lighter and longer hulls in an effort to make faster vessels. ii DEDICATION For my grandfather, Stanley Roussel, who inspired in me the love of boats and Lake Champlain. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was made possible by the guidance, support and encouragement of several individuals and organizations. First and foremost I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Kevin Crisman, for introducing me to this historically and archaeologically rich site. It has been my great honor and pleasure to work alongside Dr. Crisman throughout this project. His love for Lake Champlain’s shipwrecks is inspiring, and I could not have asked for a better mentor. I am indebted to my committee members, Dr. Cemal Pulak and Dr. Anthony Stranges for their helpful insight and general guidance throughout the writing process. I sincerely thank both of them for reviewing in a tight time frame, and being flexible with digital edits while I continue to work in the field. Many thanks are owed to the institutions that made this project possible, including the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, the Center for Maritime Archaeology and Conservation, and the Department of Anthropology. I appreciate these organizations’ decision to fund my project, and for their ongoing support for future field work. I would also like to thank the State of Vermont’s Division for Historic Preservation for granting permission for this archaeological investigation. I am deeply grateful to the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum staff for their assistance and support throughout every phase of this project. Archaeological director Christopher Sabick worked with us through all of the phases of the project, devoting much of his time and energy to the planning, field school and writing stages. His iv guidance and participation made him an invaluable asset to this work. Our divemasters, Ron Adams and Robert Wilczynski, ensured the safety of all our divers, and to them we owe many thanks. I would like to sincerely thank Paul Gates, conservation technician for the museum, who was our site photographer and also hauled our dive tanks back and forth every morning and evening to the dive shop for refills. I also thank the Waterfront Diving Center in Burlington, Vermont, for their help with refilling tanks and providing the project and divers with gear. Thanks also go to my friends and colleagues from Texas A&M University who participated in the 2014 field school: Mara Deckinga, Nathan Gallagher, Rebecca Ingram, Stephanie Koenig, Varvara Marmarinou, Carrie Sowden and Grace Tsai; and our volunteer, Dan Bishop. This team surpassed all expectations in data collection, especially considering the short timeframe within which we were on site. The stellar group dynamic and work ethic of these individuals is unmatched, and I truly hope to work with them all again on future projects. This project was made possible by the agreement of the property owners living adjacent to the site. Marge Aske, Mark Brooks and Connie Porteous generously allowed our divers to stage directly off their shorefront properties, and use their docks for surveillance. Their enthusiasm for the work being done for this project is highly appreciated, and many thanks are owed to their ongoing support. Thanks to Mary Griswold, owner of the Shelburne Shipyard, for allowing our team to use the marina’s facilities. Finally, thanks to Mary Fitzpatrick for renting us her house in Ferrisburgh, Vermont, for the duration of the project, a wonderful place to come home to every day. v I am forever indebted to Arthur Cohn who has guided and mentored me even prior to my acceptance into Texas A&M University on all aspects of nautical archaeology. Art has ingrained in me the importance of shipwrecks as resources of our shared cultural heritage, and also the need to study and share our results with everyone. I would like to thank Art here specifically for his role in the 2014 project, in which he gave three lectures to the field school students on different aspects of diving and ethical issues relevant to nautical archaeology based on his personal experiences (which are extensive). Finally, thanks to my family for their constant support throughout my academic career. Their encouragement and enthusiasm over this project has been infinite, and I will be forever grateful to them for enabling me to pursue all of my academic goals. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................ii DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER II HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................... 5 History of Steamboat Companies on Lake Champlain .............................................. 5 Mistaken Identities ..................................................................................................... 8 Franklin................................................................................................................. 14 Burlington and Whitehall ..................................................................................... 16 Francis Saltus........................................................................................................ 20 Confirmed Identities ................................................................................................. 21 Winooski............................................................................................................... 25 A. Williams........................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER III ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY ............................................ 28 CHAPTER IV ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS: WRECK 1 ....................................... 35 Construction and Materials....................................................................................... 36 Keel........................................................................................................................... 39 Stem Assembly ......................................................................................................... 40 Stern and Rudder ...................................................................................................... 42 Frames ...................................................................................................................... 46 Keelson ..................................................................................................................... 48 Engine Bed Timbers ................................................................................................. 49 Miscellaneous: Cleat ................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER V ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESULTS:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2009-INA-Annual-0818-OPT.Pdf
    Officers/Administration Nautical Archaeology James P. Delgado, Ph.D., President* Program Faculty, Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D., Vice President Texas A&M University Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D., Vice President Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. — Frederick Hanselmann, Field Archaeologist Dive Safety Officer Assistant Professor, Sara W. Chasity M. Hedlund, Office Manager and George O. Yamini Fellow Tamara Hebert, Lead Office Associate Tuba Ekmekçi, Director, Bodrum Research Center Luis Filipe Vieira de Castro, Ph.D. Özlem Doğan, Finance Manager, Bodrum Research Center Assistant Professor, Frederick R. Mayer Faculty Fellow of Nautical Archaeology Board of Directors & Officers Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D. † Dr. Oğuz Aydemir • Robert D. Ballard, Ph.D. • Edward O. Boshell, Jr. • John Cassils, M.D. Associate Professor, Nautical Gregory M. Cook • Lucy Darden* • Thomas F. Darden • John De Lapa • Carl Douglas Archaeology Faculty Fellow Claude Duthuit* • Danielle J. Feeney* • Charles P. Garrison, M.D., Chairman* • Donald Geddes III, Past Chairman • James Goold, Secretary & General Counsel* • Dr. Robert Donny L. Hamilton, Ph.D. Hohlfelder, Ph.D. • Charles Johnson, Ph.D. • Gregory M. Kiez • Mustafa Koç • Captain George T. & Gladys H. Abell Chair Alfred Scott McLaren, USN (Ret.) Ph.D. • Alex G. Nason • George E. Robb, Jr. • Andrew in Nautical Archaeology, Yamini Family Chair in Liberal Arts Sansom* • Ayhan Sicimoğlu • Clyde P. Smith, Treasurer* • Jason Sturgis • Peter van Alfen, Ph.D. • Frederick van Doorninck, Jr., Ph.D.* • Robert L. Walker, Ph.D.* • Lew Ward • Peter Cemal Pulak, Ph.D. M. Way * • Robyn Woodward, Ph.D. • Sally M. Yamini Frederick R. Mayer Faculty Professor of Nautical Archaeology Associate Directors Ercan Acikel • Gordon W.
    [Show full text]
  • Faith Hentschel Ina Archaeologists Pay Tribute
    THE INA QUARTERLY BRINGING HISTORY TO LIGHT THROUGH THE SCIENCE OF SHIPWRECKS PHOENIX II IN VERMONT 2016 CLAUDE DUTHUIT GRANT RECIPIENT SALVAGING USS WESTFIELD REMNANTS OF A CIVIL WAR GUNBOAT PROFILE FAITH HENTSCHEL INA ARCHAEOLOGISTS PAY TRIBUTE SPRING/SUMMER 2016 VOLUME 43, NO. 1/2 FOUNDERS ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS Donny L. Hamilton, Ph.D. Justin Leidwanger, Ph.D. Professor, George O. Yamini Stanford University George F. Bass, Ph.D. ◊ Raynette Boshell Family Chair in Nautical CONTENTS John McManamon, S.J. John Baird † Allan Campbell, M.D. Archaeology, Yamini Family Loyola University Michael Katzev † Chair in Liberal Arts William C. Culp, M.D. Harun Özdaş, Ph.D. Jack W. Kelley † Grace Darden Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Associate Professor, Frederick Nicholas Griffs R. Mayer Professor of Nautical Irena Radič-Rossi, Ph.D. OFFICERS/ADMINISTRATION University of Zadar Robin P. Hartmann Archaeology President* Warren Riess, Ph.D. Faith Hentschel, Ph.D. Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. Shelley Wachsmann, Ph.D. University of Maine Professor, Meadows Professor Vice President Susan Katzev of Biblical Archaeology David Stewart, Ph.D. Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D. James Kjorlien East Carolina University Vice President* Keith Langworthy EMERITUS FACULTY, NAUTICAL Kristine Trego, Ph.D. Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D. Greg S. Maslow, M.D. ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM AT Bucknell University Offce Manager TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY Thomas McCasland, Jr. Peter van Alfen, Ph.D. Tamara Hebert George F. Bass, Ph.D. American Numismatic Society Jeffrey Morris Diving Safety Offcer Fred van Doorninck, Jr., Ph.D. Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, Ph.D. Terry A. Ray John Carlson C. Wayne Smith, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Phoenix
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) __._ IV N United States Department of the Interior S30Vld National Park Service National Register of Historic Places f:Z o3S Registration Form 0822 03AI303H This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual propeit^g flpH ilhtrirtn Tii i in iniriTnrmn ffnv to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Phoenix» Shipwreck VT-CH-587 other names/site number 2. Location street & number __ Colchester Shoal/Colchester Reef for publication Colchester N/A . .. city or town ____ LJ vicinity state Vermont code VT county Chittenden______ code 007 zip code 05446 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this IS nomination D request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property H meets D does not meet the National Register criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Paddlewheels Found from Lake Champlain Steamer Sunk in 1819 6 September 2020
    Paddlewheels found from Lake Champlain steamer sunk in 1819 6 September 2020 The two paddlewheels from the second paddlewheels by the remote operated vehicle commercial steamboat that sailed Lake Champlain indicates at least one of them is in much deeper more than two centuries ago have been found on water than the body of the vessel. the bottom of the lake, officials said. © 2020 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The paddlewheels from the steamboat Phoenix This material may not be published, broadcast, were discovered last weekend off Colchester Shoal rewritten or redistributed without permission. in separate dives by Gary Lefebvre of Colchester using a remotely operated vehicle. The discovery was announced Friday by the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation and the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. The Phoenix was launched in 1815. It sailed a regular schedule between Whitehall, New York, and St. Johns, Quebec, stopping at ports along the lake. The style of the paddlewheels and the charring indicated it came from the Phoenix, which burned off Colchester on Sept. 4, 1819, killing six of the 46 passengers and crew on board. The hull burned to the waterline and drifted south to where it came to rest on the shoal. The ice later dragged the wreckage off the shoal to where it now rests. "The Phoenix is one of the earliest known steamboat wrecks in the United States, and the discovery of the well-preserved paddlewheel structures adds to the significance of this nationally significant Underwater Preserve," Scott Dillon, senior historic preservation review coordinator for the Division for Historic Preservation, said in a statement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project WINIFRED S. WEISLOGEL Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: September 24, 1992 Copyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Raised in New Jersey Union County Community College and Barnard Council of Foreign Relations Fulbright Scholar to New &ealand Tago University (Dunedin) 19,1 Entered Foreign Service 19,. IO 19,.019,1 U ESCO relations 2eneva, Swit4erland 19,9019.1 Consular officer Arabic lessons (private) Tripoli5Bengha4i, 6ibya 19.1019.3 Personnel officer 8heelus Air Base Ambassador J. 8esley Jones :ing Idris CBO problems Tangier, Morocco 19.3019., Arabic language training —2reen March“ Muslim 6aw Rabat, Morocco 19.,01910 Consular officer 6ocal environment :ing Hassan Ambassador Tasca 1 Arab0Israeli 8ar 0 19.1 US bases Phosphates Ambassador Richard Parker French Influence 6ome, Togo 191001913 DCM President Eyadema French influence US interests Communist influence Ambassador Dwight Dickinson Peace Corps AF ( orth Africa) 191301911 Polisario Sahara disputes Algerian temperament 6 2 Henry :issinger Muammar Qadhafi Inspection Corps 191101980 6atin America and drug smuggling 8ives in Foreign Service Post problems Office of International Science Cooperation 198001983 Comments of Foreign Service 8omen in Foreign Service 8ives in Foreign Service Minorities in Foreign Service INTERVIEW A ote: This transcript was not edited by Ms. 8eislogelC Q: Could you give me a bit about your background. When and where were you born and a bit about your early education and family. 2 8EIS6O2E6: I was born in Irvington, New Jersey on August 8, 1921 and I lived in Eli4abeth, New Jersey for most of my formative years.
    [Show full text]
  • F/7/74 Signature of Certifying Official Date
    NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NOV 1 5 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES! IHTERAGENCY RESOURCES DIVISION REGISTRATION FORM 1 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property Country Club Park Historic District historic name Country Club Park Subdivision other names/site number 2. Location Thomas Road to Virginia Avenue; 7th Street to Dayton Street street & number not for publication_ city,town Phoenix vicinity____ state Arizona code AZ county Maricopa code 013 zip code 85014 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this ^ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Lake Champlain Arthur B
    Featured Lake Lake Champlain Arthur B. Cohn, T.O. Manley, P.L. Manley, Eric Smeltzer, & Mary C. Watzin Research and Management in the Presence of History ake Champlain (Figure 1) is one of the most beautiful places on the planet and also one of the most historic. The L 2 193-km-long lake and its 21,326-km drainage basin are shared by the states of Vermont and New York and the Province of Quebec (Figure 2). Lake Champlain is one of the largest lakes in North America, with a surface area of 1,127 km2, a mean depth of 20 m, and a maximum depth over 120 m. Those of us who study and manage the lake’s cultural and natural resources do so with a deep appreciation for the lake’s prominent place in North American history and its remarkable physical and ecological features. History and Underwater Cultural Heritage Figure 1. View of the broad, open waters of Lake Champlain. The record of human events in the Lake Champlain Basin and the recent discovery of a vast collection of intact underwater cultural sites offer a cultural legacy that has the potential to enrich generations of residents and visitors. With modern remote sensing equipment, computer systems, and positioning technology, finding shipwrecks has become the easiest part of our work. Determining how to best manage these publicly owned treasures is the next great challenge of our generation. Human occupation along the shores of Lake Champlain began roughly 12,000 years ago as Paleo-Indian cultures hunted game in the shadow of the receding glaciers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secretary of State's Register of Culturally Significant Property by Secretary Name in YYYY Secretary of State YYYY–YYYY
    THE SECRETARY OF STATE’S REGISTER OF CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT PROPERTY 2019 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE THE SECRETARY OF STATE’S REGISTER OF CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT PROPERTY 2019 September 2019 Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations Washington, D.C. 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY IV THE SECRETARY OF STATE’S REGISTER OF CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT PROPERTY 1 ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT | Former U.S. Consulate General | 2006. 2 ALGIERS, ALGERIA | Villa Montfeld | 2016 . .4 ATHENS, GREECE | U.S. Embassy Athens Chancery | 2006. 6 BAGUIO, THE PHILIPPINES | Summer Residence | 2010. 8 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM | Truman Hall | 2006. 10 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY | U.S. Embassy Budapest Chancery | 2016 . 12 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA | Palacio Bosch | 2002. 14 CASABLANCA, MOROCCO | Villa Mirador | 2012. 16 CURAÇAO, DUTCH CARIBBEAN | Roosevelt House | 2016 . 18 DUBLIN, IRELAND | Chief Secretary’s Lodge | 2018. 20 DUBLIN, IRELAND | U.S. Embassy Dublin Chancery | 2018. 22 FLORENCE, ITALY | U.S. Consulate Florence, Palazzo Canevaro | 2010. 24 HANOI, VIETNAM | Ambassador’s Residence | 2004. 26 HELSINKI, FINLAND | U.S. Embassy Helsinki Ambassador’s Residence | 2016. 28 ISTANBUL, TURKEY | Palazzo Corpi | 2016 . .30 LIMA, PERÚ | U.S. Embassy Lima Ambassador’s Residence | 2018 . 32 LISBON, PORTUGAL | Casa Carlucci | 2019. 34 LONDON, ENGLAND | Winfield House | 2001. 36 14 MADRID, SPAIN | Byne House | 2006. 38 MANILA, THE PHILIPPINES | U.S. Embassy Manila Chancery | 2006. 40 MOSCOW, RUSSIA | Spaso House | 2010. 42 NEW DELHI, INDIA | U.S. Embassy New Delhi Chancery | 2004. 44 NEW DELHI, INDIA | Roosevelt House | 2016 . .46 OSLO, NORWAY | Villa Otium | 2004. 48 PARIS, FRANCE | George C. Marshall Center, Hôtel de Talleyrand | 2001. 50 PARIS, FRANCE | Hôtel Rothschild | 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • By 1810 Most of the Mississippi Was Uninhabited by Europeans
    ANTH318 Nautical Archaeology of the Americas Class 23 Steam Introduction The ancient Greeks and Romans studied the properties of steam, but did not apply its capacities, mainly for lack of resistant building materials. In the late 17th century, a French engineer named Denys Papin produced the first known steam engine with a piston. In 1735, an Englishman named Thomas Newcomen created a steam engine capable of pumping water out of a mineshaft. In 1776 and 1783, another Frenchman, the Marquis Jouffroy d'Abbons, managed to propel a vessel with a steam engine. Vibrations, however, made it impossible to utilize Newcomen's engine. Towards the end of the 18th century, a Scot named James Watt improved the steam engine and made it possible to propel vessels. Not a very gifted businessman, Watt was lucky enough to get an optimistic and dynamic partner in the company Boulton & Watt. His main developments were the creation of a low-pressure, double acting engine, and the insulation of the boiler and pipes, which resulted in a greatly improved fuel consumption. John Fitch In 1790, an American named John Fitch built a vessel named STEAM-BOAT and created the first commercial steamboat venture in the New World, running up and down the Delaware River at a speed of 6 to 8 knots. After testing both stern and side mounted paddle wheels, paddle chains, and even a screw propeller, Fitch selected a peculiar system of vertical paddles. It was very expensive, and could not compete with the stage lines running on the banks of the river. Besides, many were afraid of this noisy "floating sawmill." However, Americans raced towards this new technology, and names like Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and George Washington are associated to steamboat commercial ventures in the last years of the 18th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Captain Jahaziel Sherman of Vergennes
    Vermont’s Steamboat Pioneer: Captain Jahaziel Sherman of Vergennes With the launch of Phoenix I in 1815, Captain Jahaziel Sherman brought a new era of steam navigation to Lake Champlain. A man gifted with practical skills as a mariner, business acumen and connections, and relentless drive, for the next two decades he ensured that the full potential of the latest steamboat technology was achieved and that the traveling public was adequately served by fast, reliable, commodious vessels. By Kevin Crisman, Carolyn Kennedy, and George Schwarz nown as the “Green Mountain State” for its rugged upland landscapes, Vermont seems an unlikely place for developing a new maritime technology. Such was the case, however, with the adoption of the steamboat in the first half of the nineteenth century. Kevin Crisman is a Professor of Nautical Archaeology in the Anthropology Depart- ment at Texas A&M University. He is co-author of When Horses Walked on Water: Horse-Powered Ferries in Nineteenth-Century North America (1998) and editor of the contributed-chapter book Coffins of the Brave: Lake Shipwrecks of the War of 1812 (2014). Carolyn Kennedy is currently completing her Ph.D. in nautical archaeology at Texas A&M. Between 2014 and 2016 she co-directed the archaeological study of Jahaziel Sherman’s steamboat Phoenix II and three other steamer wrecks sunk at Shelburne Shipyard on Lake Champlain. George Schwarz is an underwater archaeologist for the Naval History and Heri- tage Command based at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C. He directed the study of Jahaziel Sherman’s first Lake Champlain steamboat, a project recently pub- lished in the book The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America (2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering the Paddlewheels of the 1815 Steamboat Phoenix
    Discovering the Paddlewheels of the 1815 Steamboat Phoenix A report by Lake Champlain Maritime Museum September 2020 EARLY STEAMSHIPS ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS In the years before the advent of steam technology or the opening of Early Steamships ........................ 1 the canal systems, the merchant-carrying trade on Lake Champlain and on Lake Champlain around the Northeast was dominated by small sloops and schooners. The Construction & ................... 2 These were augmented by sailing ferries at several locations along Career of the Phoenix the length of the lake. This early period of the lake’s history was also dominated by military activity. Many merchant vessels were September 4, 1819: ...................... 3 pressed into military service when needed and then converted back The Fire to commercial use at the termination of hostilities. It was into this Vermont Underwater ................... 4 commercial system, controlled by sailing merchant vessels and the Historic Preserves winds that drove them, that steam technology made a massive impact in the early 19th century. The Discovery & ....................... 5–6 Identification of the In 1807, Robert Fulton and his partners held a monopoly on the Paddlewheels burgeoning steamboat trade of the Hudson River. Other pioneers of steam technology searched for regions outside the Hudson Valley to Next Steps: Future .............. 7 expand their trade. Lake Champlain was quickly identified as a viable Research & Preservation market and opportunity for a new steamboat industry to grow. The Lake Champlain Steamboat Company was established in 1807. The steamboat Vermont, completed in 1809, was the world’s second commercial steamboat and the first on Lake Champlain. The vessel survived the economic and military hazards of the War of 1812, but it sank in the Richelieu River in 1815 when its crankshaft disconnected and punched a hole through the bottom of the hull.
    [Show full text]
  • Preserve Historic Phoeni X
    Adopted by the Phoenix City Council Jan. 21, 2015 Resolution No. 21289 P RESERVE H ISTORIC PHOENIX P RESERVE H ISTORIC PHOENIX This page is intentionally left blank. All photos courtesy of city of Phoenix staff unless otherwise noted. Photos by Michael Lundgren and Patrick Madigan were commissioned by the Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture Public Art Program. Acknowledgments Mayor Greg Stanton City Council Members District 1: Councilwoman Thelda Williams District 2: Vice Mayor Jim Waring District 3: Councilman Bill Gates District 4: Councilwoman Laura Pastor District 5: Councilman Daniel Valenzuela District 6: Councilman Sal DiCiccio District 7: Councilman Michael Nowakowski District 8: Councilwoman Kate Gallego City Managers Office Ed Zuercher, City Manager Rick Naimark, Deputy City Manager Historic Preservation Commission Thomas Jones, Chair Bill Scheel, Vice Chair Mark Briggs Raleigh Dombek Derek Horn Kathryn Leonard Christina Noble Margy Parisella Sherry Rampy Planning & Development Department Alan Stephenson, Director Historic Preservation Office Michelle Dodds, Historic Preservation Officer Kevin Weight Jodey Elsner Erika Finbraaten Liz Wilson Mary Montoya John Jacquemart (Part-time Contract Historian) City Archaeologist Laurene Montero Long Range Planning Vania Fletcher Editing and Layout by Logan Simpson Design Inc. Kathryn Leonard, Project Director Kerri Flanagan Ben Hammer Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................ 1 Top Left: Purpose of the Plan .................................................................................3
    [Show full text]