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Comparing Color Vision Testing Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, Ishihara Compatible, and Digital TCV Software Rachel A View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CommonKnowledge Pacific nivU ersity CommonKnowledge College of Optometry Theses, Dissertations and Capstone Projects 4-23-2015 Comparing Color Vision Testing Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, Ishihara Compatible, and Digital TCV Software Rachel A. Murphy Pacific nU iversity, [email protected] Recommended Citation Murphy, Rachel A., "Comparing Color Vision Testing Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, Ishihara Compatible, and Digital TCV Software" (2015). College of Optometry. Paper 9. http://commons.pacificu.edu/opt/9 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations and Capstone Projects at CommonKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Optometry by an authorized administrator of CommonKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparing Color Vision Testing Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, Ishihara Compatible, and Digital TCV Software Abstract It is crucial that eye care professionals be able to provide quick, accurate, and complete testing of color vision, both to enhance the lives of patients and to satisfy the requirements laid out by industry standards. With the growing popularity of the use of digital equipment in offices, there is a natural progression to digital color vision screening tests, which have the advantage of being fast, inexpensive, and readily portable with automated scoring for greater consistency. Few studies have sought to validate specific digital tests. The aim of this study is to compare two traditionally accepted manual tests for detecting congenital color vision deficiency (CCVD) with analogous digital versions. Thirty-five individuals (11 male, 24 female, mean age 25.1 years) with normal color vision and six individuals (all male, mean age 40.0 years) with congenital red- green deficiency were asked to perform the following four tests for detecting CCVD: Ishihara Compatible Pseudoisochromatic Plate (Ishihara); Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test by Konan Medical USA (TCV); Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Color Cap Rearrangement Test (100-Hue); and an online version of the Farnworth-Munsell 100-Hue (Online 100-Hue) available for free at color-blindness.com. The administration time for each test was recorded along with test scores. The shiI hara and TCV had sensitivities of 83.3% and 100% and specificities of 100% and 94.3%, respectively. The am nual 100-Hue and the online 100-Hue had sensitivities of 66.7% and 83.3% and specificities of 88.6% and 85.7%, respectively. The va erage test time was 2.3 minutes for the Ishihara and 3.4 minutes for the TCV. The eg ometric mean completion time for the manual 100-Hue was 15 minutes; for the Online 100-Hue it was 7.5 minutes, thus reducing the test time by 50%. A Bland-Altmann analysis shows that the Online 100-Hue tends to give higher scores than the manual 100-Hue; however, there are several outliers that lead to a wide range and wide variability. Each of the tests included in this study has specific trs engths and weaknesses. An understanding of these can aid the clinician in selecting the ideal test for a given situation as well as guide research and development of future digital color vision tests. There are still concerns about consistency and accuracy of digital color tests due to the variations in screens, but so far, results are promising. Degree Type Thesis Rights Terms of use for work posted in CommonKnowledge. This thesis is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/opt/9 Copyright and terms of use If you have downloaded this document directly from the web or from CommonKnowledge, see the “Rights” section on the previous page for the terms of use. If you have received this document through an interlibrary loan/document delivery service, the following terms of use apply: Copyright in this work is held by the author(s). You may download or print any portion of this document for personal use only, or for any use that is allowed by fair use (Title 17, §107 U.S.C.). Except for personal or fair use, you or your borrowing library may not reproduce, remix, republish, post, transmit, or distribute this document, or any portion thereof, without the permission of the copyright owner. [Note: If this document is licensed under a Creative Commons license (see “Rights” on the previous page) which allows broader usage rights, your use is governed by the terms of that license.] Inquiries regarding further use of these materials should be addressed to: CommonKnowledge Rights, Pacific nivU ersity Library, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, (503) 352-7209. Email inquiries may be directed to:. [email protected] This thesis is available at CommonKnowledge: http://commons.pacificu.edu/opt/9 Comparing Color Vision Testing Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue, Ishihara Compatible, and Digital TCV Software by Rachel Murphy A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Vision Science Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Vision Science Pacific University Oregon College Of Optometry May, 2015 - i - Copyright © 2015 by Rachel Murphy All Rights Reserved - ii - - iii - ABSTRACT It is crucial that eye care professionals be able to provide quick, accurate, and complete testing of color vision, both to enhance the lives of patients and to satisfy the requirements laid out by industry standards. With the growing popularity of the use of digital equipment in offices, there is a natural progression to digital color vision screening tests, which have the advantage of being fast, inexpensive, and readily portable with automated scoring for greater consistency. Few studies have sought to validate specific digital tests. The aim of this study is to compare two traditionally accepted manual tests for detecting congenital color vision deficiency (CCVD) with analogous digital versions. Thirty-five individuals (11 male, 24 female, mean age 25.1 years) with normal color vision and six individuals (all male, mean age 40.0 years) with congenital red-green deficiency were asked to perform the following four tests for detecting CCVD: Ishihara Compatible Pseudoisochromatic Plate (Ishihara); Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test by Konan Medical USA (TCV); Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Color Cap Rearrangement Test (100- Hue); and an online version of the Farnworth-Munsell 100-Hue (Online 100-Hue) available for free at color-blindness.com. The administration time for each test was recorded along with test scores. The Ishihara and TCV had sensitivities of 83.3% and 100% and specificities of 100% and 94.3%, respectively. The manual 100-Hue and the online 100-Hue had sensitivities of 66.7% and 83.3% and specificities of 88.6% and 85.7%, respectively. The average test time was 2.3 minutes for the Ishihara and 3.4 minutes for the TCV. The geometric mean completion time for the manual 100-Hue was 15 minutes; for the Online 100-Hue it was 7.5 minutes, thus reducing the test time by 50%. A Bland-Altmann analysis shows that the Online 100-Hue tends to give higher scores than the manual 100-Hue; however, there are several outliers that lead to a wide range and wide variability. Each of the tests included in this study has specific strengths and weaknesses. An understanding of these can aid the clinician in selecting the ideal test for a given situation as well as guide research and development of future digital color vision tests. There are still concerns about consistency and accuracy of digital color tests due to the variations in screens, but so far, results are promising. - iv - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dr. James Kundart, for his continuous support of my study. This project would not have been possible without him introducing me to this topic and guiding me through the process of designing, approving, implementing, and interpreting a research project. His patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge were incredibly influential along this journey. His door is always open, and he is always accessible. This helped immensely with my project as well as my personal growth and enjoyment of my time here at Pacific. I would also like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Dr. John R. Hayes and Dr. Karl Citek. I consider myself privileged to have Dr. Hayes’ guidance in learning and implementing statistical analysis. I appreciate his enduring patience. I would like to thank Dr. Citek for his encouragement and insightful comments. His insatiable curiosity has been an inspiration. I would like to thank Dr. Yu-Chi Tai for her encouragement and help along the way. She continually pushed me to excellence and I am grateful. Finally, I would like to give an honorable mention to Dr. James Sheedy. Even though he wasn’t directly involved in my thesis, my time here at Pacific was greatly enhanced by getting to know him. His insight has helped me to expand my thinking beyond the box, and I have been able to see vision in a broader light. He showed me a passion and zeal for optometry and introduced the philosophy of eye care rather than just the practice. Rachel Murphy - v - TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………… V LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. VII LIST OF TABLES …...……………………………………………………………………………………………………… VIII LIST OF IMAGES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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